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1. A comparison between intravaginal progestagen and melatonin implant treatments on the reproductive efficiency of ewes

Author:
Gomez, J.D.; Balasch, S.; Gomez, L.D.; Martino, A.; Fernandez, N.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 156-163
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
ewes; female fertility; reproductive efficiency; lactation; anestrus; estrus synchronization; progesterone; melatonin; controlled internal drug release devices; drug evaluation; conception; fecundity; parturition interval; lambing rate; spring; seasonal variation; intensive livestock farming; Spain
Abstract:
... A total of 548 Manchega ewes were used to compare progestagen impregnated intravaginal sponges (12 days) plus eCG with melatonin implant (100 days) treatments, as possible stimulants of reproductive performance during the seasonal anoestrus and the lactation period. The use of both methods of oestrous manipulation induced a significant improvement in conception rate (78% for progestagen and eCG; 7 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.08.020

2. Allelic variations in exon 2 of caprine MHC class II DRB3 gene in Chinese indigenous goats

Author:
Li, M.H.; Li, K.; Kantanen, J.; Feng, Z.; Fan, B.; Zhao, S.H.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 236-243
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
alleles; histocompatibility antigens; goats; phylogeny; antigenic variation; gene frequency; animal genetics; restriction fragment length polymorphism; goat breeds; polymerase chain reaction; amino acid sequences; major histocompatibility complex; genotype-environment interaction; exons; rare breeds; China
Abstract:
... Allelic variations in the second exon of caprine leukocyte antigen-DRB3 gene (CLA-DRB3*02) were investigated. A total of 459 animals from 12 Chinese indigenous goat populations were genotyped. Six alleles and 18 restriction digestion profiles were distinguished by digestion of PCR amplification product of CLA-DRB3*02 with HaeIII. The results suggested that there were significant difference (P < 0. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.09.017

3. Analysis of genetic structure of Jamunapari goats by microsatellite markers

Author:
Gour, D.S.; Malik, G.; Ahlawat, S.P.S.; Pandey, A.K.; Sharma, R.; Gupta, N.; Gupta, S.C.; Bisen, P.S.; Kumar, D.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 140-149
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
estimation; microsatellite repeats; alleles; loci; quantitative analysis; Jamnapari; goats; phylogeny; inbreeding; gene frequency; genetic variation; biodiversity; animal breeding; population structure; genetic polymorphism; India
Abstract:
... Genetic variation at 23 microsatellite loci, population structure, and genetic bottleneck hypothesis were examined for Jamunapari goat population found in Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India. Estimates of genetic variability such as effective number of alleles and gene diversities revealed substantial genetic variation frequently displayed by microsatellite markers. Number of alleles observed across the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.07.053

4. A new allele specific polymerase chain reaction method (AS-PCR) for detection of the goat CSN1S101 allele

Author:
Sztankoova, Z.; Kott, T.; Czernekova, V.; Dudkova, G.; Matlova, V.; Soldat, J.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 282-285
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
quantitative trait loci; alleles; detection; goat breeds; goats; polymerase chain reaction; rapid methods; milk quality; casein; allelism; heritability; goat milk; genetic polymorphism; animal genetics; quantitative traits
Abstract:
... The αS1-casein (CSN1S1) locus in the goat is characterized by a polymorphism, the main feature of which is to be qualitative as well as quantitative. This highly polymorphic protein is encoded by at least 17 alleles including null alleles. The null allele CSN1S1⁰¹ is very interesting for further study, because of the high effect of this allele on milk properties, or for its utilization in special ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.09.013

5. Chemical composition, digestibility and in situ degradability of dried and ensiled apple pomace and maize silage

Author:
Pirmohammadi, R.; Rouzbehan, Y.; Rezayazdi, K.; Zahedifar, M.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 150-155
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
in vivo studies; organic matter; digestibility; ammonium nitrogen; dry matter content; volatile fatty acids; fiber content; sheep feeding; crude protein; forage evaluation; processing residues; quantitative analysis; feed composition; apple pomace; sheep; corn silage; pH; metabolizable energy; protein degradation; Iran
Abstract:
... The nutritive value of the dried and ensiled apple pomace (DAP and EAP), taken from two processing factories in Urmia city, was compared with maize silage (MS). For EAP, 1 tonnes of AP was mixed with 100 kg of wheat straw and 5 kg of urea (on fresh weight basis). The chemical composition of all feedstuffs was determined by laboratory analysis. Additionally, pH and the concentration of ammonia-N an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.07.054

6. Comparative effects of low levels of dietary cobalt and parenteral injections of Vitamin B12 on body dimensions in different breeds of Omani goats

Author:
Kadim, I.T.; Mahgoub, O.; Al-Ajmi, D.; Al-Habsi, K.R.; Johnson, E.H.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 244-252
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
vitamin B12; goats; biomarkers; males; liveweight gain; dietary mineral supplements; animal nutrition; cobalt; blood serum; body weight; goat breeds; nutrient deficiencies; subcutaneous injection; physiological response; animal development; animal feeding; animal growth; body composition; reference standards; dietary minerals; Oman
Abstract:
... The effect of low levels of dietary cobalt and parenteral Vitamin B12 supplementation on live body weight and the body dimensions of three breeds of Omani intact male goats, namely Batina (14 goats), Dhofari (14 goats) and Jabal Al-Akdhar (14 goats). The animals were fed Rhodes grass hay and a commercial diet containing 0.10 and 0.12 mg/kg DM of cobalt, respectively, from week 9 (weaning age) to w ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.09.018

7. Comparative evaluation of a new commercial recombinant ELISA and the complement fixation test for the diagnosis of Chlamydophila abortus infection in naturally infected flocks in Tunisia

Author:
Rekiki, A.; Hammami, S.; Rodolakis, A.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 58-63
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
goats; abortion (animals); validity; sheep diseases; psittacosis; recombinant proteins; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; disease detection; blood serum; flocks; antibody detection; accuracy; Chlamydophila abortus; protein synthesis; serodiagnosis; sheep; rapid methods; complement fixation tests; goat diseases; Tunisia
Abstract:
... Chlamydiosis is a significant cause of abortion in goats and sheep in Tunisia. A new commercially available ELISA (ELISA-Chlamydophila abortus, ELISA-C. abortus) for detecting antibodies against C. abortus was evaluated using field sheep and goat serum samples. This ELISA is based on a recombinant antigen that expresses part of a protein from 80 to 90 kDa family that is specific to C. abortus. Ser ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.06.031

8. Comparative studies on dry matter intake, digestibility and nitrogen metabolism between Thai native (TN) and Anglo Nubian x TN bucks

Author:
Kumagai, H.; Ngampongsai, W.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 129-134
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
balance studies; energy intake; goats; digestibility; crude protein; metabolic studies; dietary fiber; Nubian (goat breed); nitrogen metabolism; feed conversion; bucks; animal feeding; dry matter intake; breed differences; dietary protein; crossbreds; feed concentrates; Thailand
Abstract:
... Metabolic experiments were conducted for each Thai native (TN) and Anglo Nubian-TN 50% (AN x TN) bucks, 26.5-38 kg BW and 35-52 months of age, by assigning the following concentrate diets, which had four levels of CP concentrations, T1: 14%, T2: 21%, T3: 28% and T4: 35%, on a DM basis. The animals were fed the concentrates at a rate of 1% of their BW and had ad libitum access to Paspalum plicatulu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.07.055

9. Description and validation of a novel technique to study the bacterial flora of the teat duct of ewes

Author:
Mavrogianni, V.S.; Cripps, P.J.; Fthenakis, G.C.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 258-264
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
sampling; mastitis; disease detection; disinfectants; repeatability; safety testing; validity; microbial ecology; catheters; teats; surgical equipment; microbial detection; ewes; mammary glands; sheep diseases; accuracy; bacteria
Abstract:
... We describe a new technique that may be used for studying the bacterial flora of the teat duct in live ewes, and we present evidence regarding its accuracy, safety and repeatability. A sterile, plastic, 20 G catheter is used for sampling. The catheter stylet is taken out and the plastic catheter cut with a sterile blade to a length of 2 mm. In order to ensure accurate and consistent cutting of the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.08.019

10. Detection and excretion pattern of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in milk of asymptomatic sheep and goats by Nested-PCR

Author:
Nebbia, P.; Robino, P.; Zoppi, S.; De Meneghi, D.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 116-120
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
sheep; sheep diseases; goats; goat diseases; paratuberculosis; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; disease transmission; maternal milk; progeny; disease detection; raw milk; polymerase chain reaction; risk assessment; food pathogens; foodborne illness; goat cheese; human diseases; Crohn disease; Italy
Abstract:
... IS900 Nested-PCR was applied to milk from asymptomatic sheep and goats known to have a history of Johne's disease in order to detect the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Experimental animals were from two MAP seropositive flocks (90 heads) in Piedmont, North-western Italy. During a 6-month period, milk samples were collected from 29 lambing and kidding animals (20 she ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.07.049

11. Effect of calcium soaps of tallow on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Pelibuey lambs

Author:
Salinas, J.; Ramirez, R.G.; Dominguez, M.M.; Reyes-Bernal, N.; Trinidad-Larraga, N.; Montano, M.F.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 135-139
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
protected fat; carcass characteristics; dietary fat; body fat distribution; feed additives; feedlots; males; feed conversion; dietary energy sources; liveweight gain; lamb feeding; lambs; finishing; digestibility; dry matter intake; sheep breeds; tallow; Mexico
Abstract:
... The effects of diets with different levels of calcium soaps of tallow (CST), given as rumen-protected lipids, were examined on growth performance and carcass characteristics by Pelibuey lambs. Twenty intact male Pelibuey lambs weighing 19.0 ± 2.1 kg were allocated in individual pens for a 60-day feeding trial, and were assigned randomly into four treatment diets (five lambs per diet): diets contai ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.07.058

12. Effect of controlled breeding on the fertility of Awassi and Red Karaman ewes and the performance of the offspring

Author:
Emsen, E.; Yaprak, M.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 230-235
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
hormone supplements; fecundity; Awassi; estrus synchronization; female fertility; progesterone; lambing rate; controlled internal drug release devices; reproductive efficiency; multiple births; ewes; twins; progeny; weaning weight; animal performance; mortality; birth weight
Abstract:
... This study was aimed at determining the effects of progestagen and ovarian stimulation agents (eCG) treatment, together with nutritional flushing, on the lambing rate of Awassi (A) and Red Karaman (RK) ewes and the performance of their offspring. In the trial, 60 Awassi and 40 Red Karaman ewes and their lambs were used. Each breed was randomly allocated to two groups per breed; one being the treat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.09.022

13. Effect of different level of roughage availability and contrast levels of concentrate supplementation on flavour of goat milk

Author:
Eknaes, M.; Skeie, S.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 32-43
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
grazing; goats; mountains; seasonal variation; dietary supplements; off flavors; pastures; energy metabolism; hay; energy balance; dietary fiber; feed conversion; forage quality; feed intake; animal feeding; taste; lactation; environmental factors; milk flavor; goat milk; Norway
Abstract:
... Rancid and tart flavours are the most common off-flavours in Norwegian goat milk. In a feeding trial, we examined the effects of different levels of concentrate and of supplementary hay feeding on the occurrence of these off-flavours. Forty-eight experimental goats grazed cultivated pasture in the lowland during spring and autumn, and mountain pasture in summer. Twenty-four of the goats were fed 0 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.06.029

14. Effect of holding and washing on the quality of goat semen

Author:
Islam, R.; Ahmed, K.; Deka, B.C.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 51-57
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
viability; semen extenders; buffers; deterioration; goats; cold stress; storage temperature; storage time; storage quality; washing; preservatives; egg yolk; seminal plasma; sperm motility; acrosome; artificial insemination; cold storage
Abstract:
... A total of 18 pooled semen samples collected from 4 healthy crossbred (Beetal x Assam Local) bucks, twice weekly for a period of 12 weeks, were processed via three processing methods, viz. Method I (holding after washing: semen sample was washed twice, extended, held for 0, 1, 3 and 5 h and preserved), Method II (washing after holding: semen sample held for 0, 1, 3 and 5 h, washed twice, extended ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.06.034

15. Effect of melengestrol acetate (MGA) treatment or temporary kid removal on reproductive efficiency in meat goats

Author:
Jackson, D.J.; Fletcher, C.M.; Keisler, D.H.; Whitley, N.C.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 253-257
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
drug therapy; goats; seasonal variation; litter size; melengestrol; weaning weight; breeding season; estrus synchronization; female fertility; control methods; reproductive efficiency; physiological response; kidding rate; progeny; mating frequency; pregnancy rate; animal growth; hormone supplements; food animals; birth weight
Abstract:
... The use of melengestrol acetate (MGA; Summer) or temporary kid removal (4 weeks postpartum; Fall) for inducing/synchronizing estrus was evaluated in goats. In the first trial, 47 does were group-fed a commercial diet to provide 0.25 mg MGA/doe daily (n = 25) or a control diet (n = 22) for a period of 10 days. Twenty-five of the does lambing in the fall from this experiment were used in a second ex ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.07.052

16. Electroencephalographic power spectral analysis of growing goat kids (Capra hircus)

Author:
Bergamasco, L.; Macchi, E.; Facello, C.; Badino, P.; Odore, R.; Re, G.; Osella, M.C.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 265-272
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
disease detection; diagnostic techniques; quantitative analysis; neurons; consciousness; normal values; wave physics; brain; males; neurotransmitters; central nervous system diseases; spectral analysis; electroencephalography; electrophysiology; females; sleep
Abstract:
... Neuronal differentiation and maturation of the brain follow distinctive ontogenetic sequences that are characteristic for each animal specie. The present study was designed to investigate the developmental aspects of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in growing male and female goat kids, using power spectral analysis to assess useful indicators for estimating brain activity in young goats. Moreover, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.08.025

17. Electronic identification of Sarda goats under extensive conditions in the island of Sardinia

Author:
Pinna, W.; Sedda, P.; Moniello, G.; Ribo, O.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 286-290
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
injectable transponders; rumen; product safety; tamper-resistant design; livestock production; radio frequency identification; goats; health status; animal identification; animal welfare; range livestock; extensive farming; farm management; reliability; ceramics; Sarda (goat breed); product evaluation; Sardinia
Abstract:
... Ruminal bolus for electronic identification of Sarda goats under extensive farm conditions and the retention rate and health effects of ceramic boluses (70 mm x 21 mm, 75 g) enclosing passive transponders half-duplex (32.5 mm x 3.8 mm) were evaluated. A metallic balling gun was used in order to insert 1411 boluses into goats (1132 adults and 279 kids) and the effect on health and retention rate we ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.09.012

18. Epidemiological studies on caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection in Jordan

Author:
Al-Qudah, K.; Al-Majali, A.M.; Ismail, Z.B.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 181-186
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
goats; animal age; seroprevalence; animal husbandry; herd size; herd health; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus; epidemiological studies; caprine arthritis-encephalitis; disease detection; goat breeds; antibody detection; risk factors; questionnaires; serodiagnosis; geographical variation; disease transmission; disease incidence; Jordan
Abstract:
... To investigate the seroprevalence of, and risk factors for, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection in different breeds of goats in Jordan, sera from 1100 goats from three different geographical regions in Jordan were analyzed. Prevalence of antibodies to CAEV was determined using a competitive ELISA test. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on herd health ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.09.020

19. Evaluation of melatonin and bromocryptine administration in Spanish goats: III. Effects on hair follicle activity, density and relationships between follicle characteristics

Author:
Wuliji, T.; Litherland, A.; Goetsch, A.L.; Sahlu, T.; Puchala, R.; Dawson, L.J.; Gipson, T.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 11-21
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
physical properties; goats; melatonin; hair follicles; animal production; oral administration; bromocriptine; drug implants; yields; fiber quality; females; breeding season; physiological response; physiological regulation; spring; integumentary system physiology; cashmere wool; hairs; Spain
Abstract:
... Melatonin treatment for out of season breeding in goats may also affect skin hair follicle activity, thereby influencing the spring growth phase and yield of cashmere. Female Spanish goats (15 does and 65 kids) were allotted to five treatments: control (C), melatonin implants (MI; 18 mg, 42-day release); melatonin and bromocryptine implants (MIB; 225 mg, 60-day release period); oral administration ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.04.024

20. Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of spring-born wethers finished and processed in the fall or spring

Author:
Surber, L.M.M.; Roeder, B.L.; Hatfield, P.G.; Kott, R.W.
Source:
Small ruminant research 2006 v.1-3 pp. 102-107
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
carcass quality; seasonal variation; animal age; carcass yield; sheep feeding; liveweight gain; finishing; animal nutrition; autumn; feedlots; flavor; backfat; age at slaughter; lamb meat; spring; meat tenderness; wethers; lean meat; Western United States
Abstract:
... Seasonal availability of lamb in the Western United States contributes to a large fluctuation in lamb supply. However, alternatives to fall marketing may not be practical unless feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of older lambs finished in the spring is equal to or superior to fall finished lambs. Our objective was to evaluate feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of spring- ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.07.020