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Soil Science Society of America journal
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7997-2003
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2003 v.67 no.2
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- Author:
- Jukka Pumpanen; Hannu Ilvesniemi; Pertti Hari
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 402-413
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- carbon dioxide; dynamic models; humus; porosity; prediction; seasonal variation; soil air; soil respiration; soil temperature; soil water; soil water content; summer; terrestrial ecosystems; winter
- Abstract:
- ... Decomposition and root respiration processes, important to C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, are affected by soil temperature, soil moisture, and other soil properties. For studying the effect of these factors on soil CO₂ efflux and soil-air CO₂ concentration, a dynamic model was developed. In the model, soil was described in successive layers and the processes and soil properties were describe ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.4020
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.4020
- Author:
- Dirceu Mattos; Donald A. Graetz; Ashok K. Alva
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 555-563
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- Citrus sinensis; Entisols; Poncirus trifoliata; biomass; branches; crop production; fruiting; irrigation rates; leaching; leaves; nitrates; nitrogen fertilizers; nutrient management; rhizosphere; roots; rootstocks; sandy soils; spring; trees; Florida
- Abstract:
- ... The area under citrus production in Florida is 332 000 ha, with a production of 10 to 12 million metric tonnes of fruit annually. Nutrient management recommendations are needed to increase N uptake efficiency and to minimize nitrate leaching below the root zone. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate biomass distribution of 6-yr-old ‘Hamlin’ orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] on ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.5550
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.5550
- Author:
- Ronald J. Laughlin; R. James Stevens
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 540-543
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- adsorption; diffusivity; gases; mass spectrometry; nitrous oxide; rubber; storage time; United Kingdom
- Abstract:
- ... We tested the reliability of 12-mL Exetainers (Labco Ltd., High Wycombe, UK) fitted with bromobutyl rubber septa for the storage of a gas sample containing ¹⁵N-labeled N₂O and N₂ The gas mixture was analyzed monthly over a 1-yr storage period by continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). After a year the N₂O concentration had decreased by 30% but the change in ¹⁵N enrichment of N₂O wa ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.5400
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.5400
- Author:
- T. S. Griffin; C. W. Honeycutt; Z. He
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 645-653
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- Haplorthods; aluminum; anion exchange; application rate; beef; exchangeable aluminum; iron; linear models; manure spreading; pH; phosphorus; phosphorus fertilizers; potassium dihydrogen phosphate; poultry; poultry manure; swine; temporal variation
- Abstract:
- ... Manure and mineral fertilizer P sources vary in their contributions to soil P pools. We conducted incubation experiments to (i) assess temporal changes in soil P concentration for 84 d following application of KH₂PO₄ or manure (beef, dairy, poultry, or swine), and (ii) to evaluate interactive effects of P rate, P source, and background P level on soil P pools 90 d after P application. Changes in s ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.6450
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.6450
- Author:
- Magnus Persson; Sahar Haridy
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 478-482
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- electrical conductivity; sand; soil; soil solution; time domain reflectometry; water content
- Abstract:
- ... Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a widely used technique for measuring the dielectric constant (K ₐ) and bulk electrical conductivity (σₐ) of soil. The K ₐ measurement can be converted to water content (θ) by means of a (soil specific) calibration. Since the accuracy of the K ₐ measurement is dependent on the TDR probe length, probes longer than about 0.1 m are preferred. However, shorter probes ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.4780
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.4780
- Author:
- J. G. Bockheim
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 612-619
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- Fragiorthods; Haplorthods; Udalfs; acidity; aluminum; base saturation; clay; exchangeable aluminum; gravel; leaching; melting; pH; roots; sand; snowpack; soil solution; solutes; spring; Great Lakes region; Michigan; Wisconsin
- Abstract:
- ... Seventeen bisequal pedons were characterized on drift primarily from the Greatlakean advance [ca. 12 000 yr before present (BP)] in northern Wisconsin and the upper Michigan. The pedons, Alfic Haplorthods and Alfic Oxyaquic Fragiorthods, contain an Orthod sequum over an Udalf sequum and are derived primarily from coarse-loamy or coarse-silty materials overlying stratified sand and gravel or coarse ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.6120
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.6120
- Author:
- Duiker, S.W.; Rhoton, F.E.; Torrent, J.; Smeck, N.E.; Ral, R.
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 606-611
- ISSN:
- 1435-0661
- Subject:
- soil organic carbon; exchangeable cations; silicon; iron oxides; A horizons; crystals; iron; silt loam soils; aluminum; soil pH; iron hydroxides; particle size distribution; B horizons; soil aggregates
- Abstract:
- ... Differences in crystallinity may explain why total Fe (hydr)oxide content has a variable effect on aggregate stability. Therefore, surface soil samples with a range of poorly crystalline Fe (hydr)oxide contents were characterized for water-stable aggregates >0.25 mm (WSA), mean-weighted diameter (MWD), soil organic C (OC), particle-size distribution, pH, exchangeable cations, citrate/bicarbonate/d ...
- Handle:
- 10113/2652
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.0606
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.0606
- Author:
- Sjoerd W. Duiker; Fred E. Rhoton; José Torrent; Neil E. Smeck; Rattan Lal
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 606-611
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- A horizons; B horizons; aggregate stability; aluminum; ammonium oxalate; bicarbonates; citrates; clay; crystal structure; exchangeable cations; iron; linear models; particle size distribution; silicon; soil aggregates; soil aggregation; soil organic carbon; soil sampling
- Abstract:
- ... Differences in crystallinity may explain why total Fe (hydr)oxide content has a variable effect on aggregate stability. Therefore, surface soil samples with a range of poorly crystalline Fe (hydr)oxide contents were characterized for water-stable aggregates >0.25 mm (WSA), mean-weighted diameter (MWD), soil organic C (OC), particle-size distribution, pH, exchangeable cations, citrate/bicarbonate/d ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.6060
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.6060
- Author:
- A. D. Karathanasis; Y. L. Thompson; C. D. Barton
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 662-673
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- Epiaqualfs; Fragiaqualfs; aquatic plants; ecosystems; equipment; fragipans; growing season; hydric soils; hydrosequences; landscapes; monitoring; redox potential; saturated conditions; soil matric potential; spring; water table; wet environmental conditions; wetland soils; wetlands; winter; woodlands; Kentucky
- Abstract:
- ... A research program was initiated in 1993 to monitor water-table depth, redox potential, and soil matric potential at four sites. The selected sites were woodlands with water tables present at or near the soil surface during late winter and spring. Soil morphology was described and permanent monitoring instruments were installed on eight soils. Hydrosequences of three soils, which represented an En ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.6620
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.6620
- Author:
- A. Alekseev; T. Alekseeva; V. Ostroumov; C. Siegert; B. Gradusov
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 596-605
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- climatic factors; cold; crystallization; illite; iron; lepidocrocite; permafrost; sediments; thawing; weathering; Siberia
- Abstract:
- ... Soils in permafrost sediments were studied on the Kolyma Lowland, North-East Siberia. Mineral transformations were studied by comparing samples from different geochemical positions relative to the permafrost table. The profiles studied are developed from Yedoma deposits (mid to late Pleistocene). Mineralogical composition of study soils is controlled by the illite-chlorite mineralogy of the parent ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.5960
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.5960
- Author:
- A. A. Suleiman; J. T. Ritchie
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 377-386
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- agricultural management; diffusivity; evaporation; simulation models; soil depth; soil water; soil water content
- Abstract:
- ... Calculating the dynamics of soil water content (θ) near the surface and modeling soil water evaporation (E ₛ) are critical for many agricultural management strategies. This study was performed to develop a model to simulate soil water redistribution during second-stage evaporation (SSE). In this model, the daily change of θ was estimated from the difference between the initial θ (θᵢ) and air-dry θ ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.3770
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.3770
- Author:
- Turner, B.L.; Mahieu, N.; Condron, L.M.
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 497-510
- ISSN:
- 1435-0661
- Subject:
- phosphorus; soil; spectral analysis; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; organophosphorus compounds; soil bacteria; alkali treatment; sodium hydroxide; EDTA (chelating agent); extracts; orthophosphates; polyphosphates
- Abstract:
- ... Soil P composition can be conveniently determined in alkaline extracts using solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, but spectral assignments are based on fragmentary literature reports of model compounds in various extraction matrices. We report solution 31P NMR chemical shifts of model P compounds, including inorganic phosphates, orthophosphate monoesters and diesters, phosph ...
- Handle:
- 10113/15586
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.0497
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.0497
- Author:
- Stanley M. Gathumbi; Georg Cadisch; Roland J. Buresh; Ken E. Giller
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 573-582
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- Crotalaria; Eutrudox; Macroptilium atropurpureum; Sesbania sesban; agroforestry; crops; legumes; mixed stands; mixing; nitrogen; nitrogen fixation; rooting; soil fertility; soil minerals; topsoil; tropics; understory; Kenya
- Abstract:
- ... The rotation of crops with planted N₂–fixing legumes (improved fallows) is a promising agroforestry innovation for replenishing soil fertility in the tropics. We postulated that woody and herbaceous legumes with different rooting and growth patterns could be mixed in improved fallows to maximize utilization of belowground growth resources. We used a method of injecting a solution of ¹⁵N-labeled (N ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.5730
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.5730
- Author:
- Z. L. He; D. V. Calvert; A. K. Alva; D. J. Banks; Y. C. Li
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 583-588
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- Citrus aurantium; Glossaqualfs; best management practices; correlation; fertigation; field experimentation; fruit growing; fruit quality; fruit yield; grapefruits; guidelines; irrigation; juices; leaves; marketing; nitrogen; nitrogen content; nutrient content; nutrients; nutrition information; rootstocks; sand; sandy soils; slow-release fertilizers; titratable acidity; total soluble solids; trees
- Abstract:
- ... Fertilization is critical for sustainable production of citrus on sandy soils. However, information on nutritional diagnosis standards for grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi Macfad.) is lacking and this information is needed for implementation of best management practices (BMPs). A field experiment was conducted from 1997 to 2000 on a Riviera fine sand (loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic, Arenic Glossaqual ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.5830
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.5830
- Author:
- M. J. Carrizosa; M. C. Hermosin; W. C. Koskinen; J. Cornejo
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 511-517
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- active ingredients; adsorbents; bentazon; bioassays; cation exchange; cations; dicamba; groundwater contamination; leaching; mixing; soil; sorption; weed control
- Abstract:
- ... The modification of smectitic clays with organic cations via cation-exchange reactions produces sorbents with an increased sorption capacity for organic compounds such as acidic herbicides. These organoclays (OCls) could be used as carriers in controlled release formulations of herbicides to decrease their contamination potential. Various OCls and two acidic herbicides (bentazone [3-isopropyl-1H-2 ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.5110
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.5110
16. Aggregate-Mean Diameter and Wind-Erodible Soil Predictions Using Dry Aggregate-Size Distributions
- Author:
- T. M. Zobeck; T. W. Popham; E. L. Skidmore; J. A. Lamb; S. D. Merrill; M. J. Lindstrom; D. L. Mokma; R. E. Yoder
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 425-436
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- lognormal distribution; management systems; organic soils; prediction; soil management; soil properties; soil sampling; wind erosion
- Abstract:
- ... Temporal estimates of surface soil dry aggregate-size distributions (DASD) are needed to evaluate soil management systems and estimate wind erosion. This study was conducted to determine the most accurate and precise DASD to estimate aggregate-mean diameter and amount of wind-erodible soil. Over 5400 surface samples of soil dry aggregates were collected at various times throughout the year for 2 t ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.4250
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.4250
- Author:
- Carrie A. M. Laboski; John A. Lamb
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 544-554
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- application rate; manure spreading; organic acids and salts; phosphorus; phosphorus fertilizers; pig manure; soil; soil amendments; sorption; Minnesota
- Abstract:
- ... The availability of P from injected manure application has received limited study. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of time on P availability in soils amended with manure or fertilizer, evaluate the relative availability of manure P compared with fertilizer P, and determine the impact of previous manure history on P availability. Liquid swine manure or fertilizer was appli ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.5440
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.5440
- Author:
- M. Hamer; R. C. Graham; C. Amrhein; K. N. Bozhilov
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 654-661
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- aluminum; chlorides; chlorites; citric acid; equations; hydrochloric acid; iron; magnesium; oxalic acid; pH; protons; silicon; soil; soil solution; weathering
- Abstract:
- ... Although chlorites are an important source of Mg and micronutrients in soils, little is known about their weathering behavior in acidic environments. The effect of organic (acetic, oxalic, citric) and inorganic (hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric) acids on the dissolution of ripidolite was studied at 25°C over an acid concentration range of 0.03 to 10 mM The increasing ripidolite dissolution with incr ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.6540
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.6540
- Author:
- M. Saleem Akhtar; Brian K. Richards; Pedro A. Medrano; Maarten deGroot; Tammo S. Steenhuis
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 458-470
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- adsorption; drainage water; phosphorus; preferential flow; rain; sandy loam soils; saturated flow; silt loam soils; soil structure; sorption isotherms; United States
- Abstract:
- ... While the rapid transport of nonadsorbed chemicals is relatively well understood, preferential transport of adsorbable chemicals including P requires further study. Our objective was to characterize subsurface P transport in glaciated soils of the northeastern USA. Large intact columns from five soils with differing structures were subjected in duplicate to both synthetic acid rainfall at a low ra ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.4580
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.4580
- Author:
- M. K. Shukla; T. R. Ellsworth; R. J. Hudson; D. R. Nielsen
- Source:
- Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 449-457
- ISSN:
- 0361-5995
- Subject:
- data collection; diffusivity; loam soils; sandy loam soils; sandy soils; soil texture; solutes
- Abstract:
- ... A systematic analysis of the effect of displacement length, soil texture, and steady state water flux (q) on solute transport was performed on saturated repacked loam and sandy loam soil columns to identify the simplest possible description that was consistent with the observations across all of the breakthrough curves (BTCs) for each data set. All 39 BTCs obtained from loam and 21 from sandy loam ...
- DOI:
- 10.2136/sssaj2003.4490
- https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.4490