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1. Aggregate-Mean Diameter and Wind-Erodible Soil Predictions Using Dry Aggregate-Size Distributions

Author:
Zobeck, T. M.; Popham, T. W.; Skidmore, E. L.; Lamb, J. A.; Merrill, S. D.; Lindstrom, M. J.; Mokma, D. L.; Yoder, R. E.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 425-436
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
lognormal distribution; management systems; organic soils; prediction; soil management; soil properties; soil sampling; wind erosion
Abstract:
... Temporal estimates of surface soil dry aggregate-size distributions (DASD) are needed to evaluate soil management systems and estimate wind erosion. This study was conducted to determine the most accurate and precise DASD to estimate aggregate-mean diameter and amount of wind-erodible soil. Over 5400 surface samples of soil dry aggregates were collected at various times throughout the year for 2 t ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.4250

2. A Process-Based Model for Predicting Soil Carbon Dioxide Efflux and Concentration

Author:
Pumpanen, Jukka; Ilvesniemi, Hannu; Hari, Pertti
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 402-413
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
carbon dioxide; dynamic models; humus; porosity; prediction; seasonal variation; soil air; soil respiration; soil temperature; soil water; soil water content; summer; terrestrial ecosystems; winter
Abstract:
... Decomposition and root respiration processes, important to C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, are affected by soil temperature, soil moisture, and other soil properties. For studying the effect of these factors on soil CO₂ efflux and soil-air CO₂ concentration, a dynamic model was developed. In the model, soil was described in successive layers and the processes and soil properties were describe ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.4020

3. Biomass Distribution and Nitrogen-15 Partitioning in Citrus Trees on a Sandy Entisol

Author:
Mattos, Dirceu; Graetz, Donald A.; Alva, Ashok K.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 555-563
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Citrus sinensis; Entisols; Poncirus trifoliata; biomass; branches; crop production; fruiting; irrigation rates; leaching; leaves; nitrates; nitrogen fertilizers; nutrient management; rhizosphere; roots; rootstocks; sandy soils; spring; trees; Florida
Abstract:
... The area under citrus production in Florida is 332 000 ha, with a production of 10 to 12 million metric tonnes of fruit annually. Nutrient management recommendations are needed to increase N uptake efficiency and to minimize nitrate leaching below the root zone. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate biomass distribution of 6-yr-old ‘Hamlin’ orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] on ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.5550

4. Changes in Composition of Nitrogen-15-Labeled Gases during Storage in Septum-Capped Vials

Author:
Laughlin, Ronald J.; Stevens, R. James
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 540-543
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
adsorption; diffusivity; gases; mass spectrometry; nitrous oxide; rubber; storage time; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... We tested the reliability of 12-mL Exetainers (Labco Ltd., High Wycombe, UK) fitted with bromobutyl rubber septa for the storage of a gas sample containing ¹⁵N-labeled N₂O and N₂ The gas mixture was analyzed monthly over a 1-yr storage period by continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). After a year the N₂O concentration had decreased by 30% but the change in ¹⁵N enrichment of N₂O wa ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.5400

5. Changes in Soil Phosphorus from Manure Application

Author:
Griffin, T. S.; Honeycutt, C. W.; He, Z.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 645-653
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Haplorthods; aluminum; anion exchange; application rate; beef; exchangeable aluminum; iron; linear models; manure spreading; pH; phosphorus; phosphorus fertilizers; potassium dihydrogen phosphate; poultry; poultry manure; swine; temporal variation
Abstract:
... Manure and mineral fertilizer P sources vary in their contributions to soil P pools. We conducted incubation experiments to (i) assess temporal changes in soil P concentration for 84 d following application of KH₂PO₄ or manure (beef, dairy, poultry, or swine), and (ii) to evaluate interactive effects of P rate, P source, and background P level on soil P pools 90 d after P application. Changes in s ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.6450

6. Changes in Soil Test Phosphorus Concentration After Application of Manure or Fertilizer

Author:
Laboski, Carrie A. M.; Lamb, John A.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 544-554
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
application rate; manure spreading; organic acids and salts; phosphorus; phosphorus fertilizers; pig manure; soil; soil amendments; sorption; Minnesota
Abstract:
... The availability of P from injected manure application has received limited study. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of time on P availability in soils amended with manure or fertilizer, evaluate the relative availability of manure P compared with fertilizer P, and determine the impact of previous manure history on P availability. Liquid swine manure or fertilizer was appli ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.5440

7. Dissolution of Ripidolite (Mg, Fe-Chlorite) in Organic and Inorganic Acid Solutions

Author:
Hamer, M.; Graham, R. C.; Amrhein, C.; Bozhilov, K. N.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 654-661
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
aluminum; chlorides; chlorites; citric acid; equations; hydrochloric acid; iron; magnesium; oxalic acid; pH; protons; silicon; soil; soil solution; weathering
Abstract:
... Although chlorites are an important source of Mg and micronutrients in soils, little is known about their weathering behavior in acidic environments. The effect of organic (acetic, oxalic, citric) and inorganic (hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric) acids on the dissolution of ripidolite was studied at 25°C over an acid concentration range of 0.03 to 10 mM The increasing ripidolite dissolution with incr ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.6540

8. Dissolved Phosphorus from Undisturbed Soil Cores

Author:
Akhtar, M. Saleem; Richards, Brian K.; Medrano, Pedro A.; deGroot, Maarten; Steenhuis, Tammo S.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 458-470
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
adsorption; drainage water; phosphorus; preferential flow; rain; sandy loam soils; saturated flow; silt loam soils; soil structure; sorption isotherms; United States
Abstract:
... While the rapid transport of nonadsorbed chemicals is relatively well understood, preferential transport of adsorbable chemicals including P requires further study. Our objective was to characterize subsurface P transport in glaciated soils of the northeastern USA. Large intact columns from five soils with differing structures were subjected in duplicate to both synthetic acid rainfall at a low ra ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.4580

9. Effect of Water Flux on Solute Velocity and Dispersion

Author:
Shukla, M. K.; Ellsworth, T. R.; Hudson, R. J.; Nielsen, D. R.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 449-457
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
data collection; diffusivity; loam soils; sandy loam soils; sandy soils; soil texture; solutes
Abstract:
... A systematic analysis of the effect of displacement length, soil texture, and steady state water flux (q) on solute transport was performed on saturated repacked loam and sandy loam soil columns to identify the simplest possible description that was consistent with the observations across all of the breakthrough curves (BTCs) for each data set. All 39 BTCs obtained from loam and 21 from sandy loam ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.4490

10. Estimating Plant-Available Water Across a Field with an Inverse Yield Model

Author:
Morgan, Cristine L. S.; Norman, John M.; Lowery, Birl
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 620-629
ISSN:
1435-0661
Subject:
Argiudolls; Hapludalfs; Zea mays; arid lands; corn; crop yield; glacial till; landscapes; loess; models; plant available water; silt; soil surveys; solar radiation; temperature; vapor pressure; water holding capacity; yield mapping; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... The variability of crop yield in dryland production is primarily affected by the spatial distribution of plant-available water even for seemingly uniform fields. The most productive midwestern soils, which are loess caps over glacial till or outwash, can have a wide range of water-holding capacities in individual fields because of landscape processes and management. An inverse yield model was crea ...

11. Estimating Water Content from Electrical Conductivity Measurements with Short Time-Domain Reflectometry Probes

Author:
Persson, Magnus; Haridy, Sahar
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 478-482
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
electrical conductivity; sand; soil; soil solution; time domain reflectometry; water content
Abstract:
... Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a widely used technique for measuring the dielectric constant (K ₐ) and bulk electrical conductivity (σₐ) of soil. The K ₐ measurement can be converted to water content (θ) by means of a (soil specific) calibration. Since the accuracy of the K ₐ measurement is dependent on the TDR probe length, probes longer than about 0.1 m are preferred. However, shorter probes ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.4780

12. Evaluation of TDR Use to Monitor Water Content in Stem of Lemon Trees and Soil and Their Response to Water Stress

Author:
Nadler, Arie; Raveh, Eran; Yermiyahu, Uri; Green, S. R.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 437-448
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Citrus limon; irrigation rates; leaf water potential; lemons; semiarid zones; sewage treatment; soil; temperature; trees; wastewater; water content; water stress; Israel
Abstract:
... The purpose of the study was to compare the response of TDR-determined stem (θₛₜₑₘ) and soil (θₛₒᵢₗ) water content to different irrigation managements. θₛₜₑₘ (L L⁻¹) was measured with three-rods TDR probes (70 mm) installed vertically or horizontally into predrilled holes in the trunk of 5-yr-old lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burman f.] trees in a semiarid region (Israel). Four irrigation treatments we ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.4370

13. Extractable Iron and Aluminum Effects on Phosphate Sorption in a Savanna Alfisol

Author:
Agbenin, John O.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 589-595
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
tropical soils; iron oxides; sorption; iron; regression analysis; soil depth; aluminum; savannas; Alfisols
Abstract:
... Phosphate management problems in weathered tropical soils are mostly associated with the abundance of free Fe and Al oxides. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of dithionite- and oxalate-extractable Fe and Al on P sorption in a savanna Alfisol. Twelve pedons from four cultivated fields and three pedons from an uncultivated natural site were examined for profile distribution ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.5890

14. Genesis of Bisequal Soils on Acidic Drift in the Upper Great Lakes Region, USA

Author:
Bockheim, J. G.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 612-619
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Fragiorthods; Haplorthods; Udalfs; acidity; aluminum; base saturation; clay; exchangeable aluminum; gravel; leaching; melting; pH; roots; sand; snowpack; soil solution; solutes; spring; Great Lakes region; Michigan; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... Seventeen bisequal pedons were characterized on drift primarily from the Greatlakean advance [ca. 12 000 yr before present (BP)] in northern Wisconsin and the upper Michigan. The pedons, Alfic Haplorthods and Alfic Oxyaquic Fragiorthods, contain an Orthod sequum over an Udalf sequum and are derived primarily from coarse-loamy or coarse-silty materials overlying stratified sand and gravel or coarse ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.6120

15. Infiltration and Erosion in Soils Treated with Dry PAM and Gypsum

Author:
Yu, Jian; Lei, T.; Shainberg, I.; Mamedov, A. I.; Levy, G. J.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 630-636
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Haploxeralfs; clay; gypsum; infiltration rate; loam soils; mixing; polyacrylamide; rain; runoff; soil erosion
Abstract:
... Seals formed at the soil surface during rainstorms reduce rain infiltration and cause runoff and erosion. Surface application of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) in solution has been found to be very effective in decreasing seal formation, runoff, and erosion. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of surface application of granular PAM (10 and 20 kg ha⁻¹) and gypsum (2 and 4 Mg ha⁻ ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.6300

16. Influence of Long-term Cropping Systems on Soil Physical Properties Related to Soil Erodibility

Author:
Rachman, Achmad; Anderson, S. H.; Gantzer, C. J.; Thompson, A. L.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 637-644
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Epiaqualfs; Phleum pratense; Trifolium pratense; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; aggregate stability; bulk density; continuous cropping; corn; crop rotation; erodibility; manure spreading; plant residues; rain; shear strength; silt; soil management; soil quality; soil strength; wheat; Mexico
Abstract:
... Crop rotations and manure application are thought to alter soil quality. This study was conducted to quantify the effects of over 100 yr of continuous crop management and annual manure applications on selected soil physical properties at Sanborn Field, Columbia, MO. Intact soil cores (76 mm i.d. by 76 mm) were collected from continuous corn (Zea mays L.), continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), c ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.6370

17. Intermediate-Scale Tests of the Gas-Phase Partitioning Tracer Method for Measuring Soil-Water Content

Author:
Carlson, T. D.; Costanza-Robinson, M. S.; Keller, J.; Wierenga, P. J.; Brusseau, M. L.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 483-486
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
lysimeters; soil water; soil water content; time domain reflectometry; tracer techniques
Abstract:
... Experiments were conducted in a well-instrumented weighing lysimeter (2.5 by 4 m) to evaluate the efficacy of the gas-phase-partitioning tracer method for measuring soil-water content. The method is based on the use of conservative (nonpartitioning) and water-partitioning tracers, wherein the partitioning tracer transfers into the water, which retards its movement with respect to that of the nonpa ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.4830

18. Iron (Hydr)Oxide Crystallinity Effects on Soil Aggregation

Author:
Duiker, S.W.; Rhoton, F.E.; Torrent, J.; Smeck, N.E.; Ral, R.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 606
ISSN:
1435-0661
Subject:
iron oxides; iron hydroxides; crystals; soil aggregates; soil organic carbon; particle size distribution; soil pH; exchangeable cations; soil chemistry; iron; silicon; aluminum; A horizons; B horizons; silt loam soils
Abstract:
... Differences in crystallinity may explain why total Fe (hydr)oxide content has a variable effect on aggregate stability. Therefore, surface soil samples with a range of poorly crystalline Fe (hydr)oxide contents were characterized for water-stable aggregates >0.25 mm (WSA), mean-weighted diameter (MWD), soil organic C (OC), particle-size distribution, pH, exchangeable cations, citrate/bicarbonate/d ...
Handle:
10113/2652
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.0606

19. Iron (Hydr)Oxide Crystallinity Effects on Soil Aggregation

Author:
Duiker, Sjoerd W.; Rhoton, Fred E.; Torrent, José; Smeck, Neil E.; Lal, Rattan
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 606-611
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
A horizons; B horizons; aggregate stability; aluminum; ammonium oxalate; bicarbonates; citrates; clay; crystal structure; exchangeable cations; iron; linear models; particle size distribution; silicon; soil aggregates; soil aggregation; soil organic carbon; soil sampling
Abstract:
... Differences in crystallinity may explain why total Fe (hydr)oxide content has a variable effect on aggregate stability. Therefore, surface soil samples with a range of poorly crystalline Fe (hydr)oxide contents were characterized for water-stable aggregates >0.25 mm (WSA), mean-weighted diameter (MWD), soil organic C (OC), particle-size distribution, pH, exchangeable cations, citrate/bicarbonate/d ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.6060

20. Landscape Patterns of Net Nitrification in a Northern Hardwood-Conifer Forest

Author:
Venterea, Rodney T.; Lovett, Gary M.; Groffman, Peter M.; Schwarz, Paul A.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 2003 v.67 no.2 pp. 527-539
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Acer pensylvanicum; Acer saccharum subsp. saccharum; carbon nitrogen ratio; climate change; conifers; forest ecosystems; forest soils; landforms; landscapes; mineralization; nitrates; nitrification; nitrogen content; organic horizons; regression analysis; respiratory rate; soil water; temperate forests; variance; New Hampshire
Abstract:
... The production of NO⁻ ₃ in forest soils is an important process influencing the form of N available for plant uptake and the potential for off-site N losses. We sampled mineral and organic soil horizons in 100 plots distributed across a 3160-ha hardwood-conifer forest in central New Hampshire to examine patterns of net nitrification rate (NR) and NO⁻ ₃ concentration associated with physiographic f ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj2003.5270