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1. Harvesting Effects on Long-Term Changes in Nutrient Pools of Mixed Oak Forest

Author:
Johnson, D. W.; Todd, D. E.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.6 pp. 1725-1735
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
nutrient content; nitrogen content; cation exchange capacity; chemical constituents of plants; mixed forests; calcium; nutrient availability; whole tree harvesting; land productivity; magnesium; carbon; potassium; soil fertility; carbon nitrogen ratio; aluminum; ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; Tennessee
Abstract:
... The effects of sawlog harvesting (SAW) vs. whole-tree harvesting (WTH) on C and nutrient budgets of a mixed oak forest near Oak Ridge, TN, were assessed by sampling soils and vegetation just prior to and 15 yr after harvesting. Fifteen years after harvest, large woody residues in the SAW treatment lost >80% of their mass and nutrient content. Greater concentrations of Ca, K, and Mg were found in b ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200060034x

2. Iron Oxides Erodibility Interactions for Soils of the Memphis Catena

Author:
Rhoton, F. E.; Römkens, M. J. M.; Lindbo, D. L.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.6 pp. 1693-1703
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
iron oxides; clay; carbon; soil color; soil aggregates; correlation; A horizons; weathering; losses from soil; soil pH; Hapludalfs; catenas; drainage; soil water content; soil organic matter; erodibility; magnetic properties; exchangeable cations; soil water regimes; particle size; Fragiudalfs; landscape position; B horizons; Mississippi
Abstract:
... In the Memphis catena, the well-drained Memphis (fine silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludalfs) is more erodible than the moderately well-drained Loring (fine silty, mixed, active, thermic Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs) and Grenada (fine silty, mixed, active, thermic Glossic Fragiudalfs). We hypothesized that soil wetness and Fe oxide status affects the erodibility of these soils. Samples (<2 mm) of ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200060030x

3. Long-Term Effects of Fertilization and Rotation on Denitrification and Soil Carbon

Author:
Drury, C. F.; Oloya, T. O.; Tan, C. S.; vanLuyk, C. L.; McKenney, D. J.; Gregorich, E. G.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.6 pp. 1572-1579
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
gas production (biological); Mollisols; clay loam soils; agricultural soils; woodland soils; Zea mays; Poa pratensis; Avena sativa; Medicago sativa; continuous cropping; crop rotation; fertilizers; denitrification; carbon dioxide; soil organic matter; carbon; soil depth; soil structure; correlation; long term experiments; Ontario
Abstract:
... Various long-term crop management strategies are known to have differing effects on soil organic C. This laboratory study explored the effect of long-term (35 yr) fertilization and crop rotation on soil organic C and denitrification capacity at different depths of a Brookston clay loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Argiaquoll). We related denitrification capacity to soil biochemical (CO₂ pr ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200060014x

4. Quantification of Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon in Soil Solution with Flow-Through Bioreactors

Author:
Yano, Yuriko; McDowell, William H.; Kinner, Nancy E.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.6 pp. 1556-1564
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Pinus; quantitative analysis; hardwood; soil organic matter; bioreactors; design; forest litter; soil analysis; carbon; soil microorganisms; biodegradation; extracts; measurement; microbial activity
Abstract:
... A flow-through bioreactor method for drinking water or stream water was modified for the rapid determination of biodegradable dissolved organic C (BDOC) in small, discrete samples such as soil solutions collected in lysimeters. Biodegradable dissolved organic C was measured as the difference in dissolved organic C (DOC) concentration between the inlet and outlet when a sample was pumped through a ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200060012x

5. Short-term Changes in Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Pools during Tillage Management Transition

Author:
McCarty, G. W.; Lyssenko, N. N.; Starr, J. L.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.6 pp. 1564-1571
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
agricultural soils; fractionation; nitrogen content; no-tillage; nitrogen; soil organic matter; spatial distribution; soil heterogeneity; plowing; soil depth; carbon; Udults; soil profiles; biomass; Maryland
Abstract:
... It is well established that distribution of organic C and N within a soil profile is substantially influenced by long-term conversion of soil from plow-tillage to no-tillage management, but little is known about the short-term changes in the character of soil organic matter during transition between these two soil management systems. To characterize the changes in composition of organic C and N po ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200060013x

6. Manuring and Soil Type Influence on Spatial Variation of Soil Organic Matter Properties

Author:
Bragato, G.; Primavera, F.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.5 pp. 1313-1319
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
soil organic matter; soil microorganisms; biomass; carbon; spatial variation; soil heterogeneity; soil types; cattle manure; soil surveys; statistical analysis; humification; geostatistics; Italy
Abstract:
... The spatial variability of microbial biomass C and three humification indexes (the degree of humification, DH; the index of humification, HI; and the humification rate, HR) were investigated in order to evaluate their usefulness as indicators of the response of soil organic matter to altered soil environments. The investigation was carried out by examining the topsoil layer of an experimental fiel ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200050024x

7. Organic Matter Stabilization in Two Semiarid Tropical Soils: Size, Density, and Magnetic Separations

Author:
Shang, C.; Tiessen, H.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.5 pp. 1247-1257
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
tropical soils; semiarid soils; Oxisols; Alfisols; soil organic matter; organomineral complexes; fractionation; particle size; iron oxides; aluminum oxide; carbon; clay fraction; soil aggregates; magnetic separation
Abstract:
... Soil organic matter (SOM) in many tropical soils is less stable than that of temperate soils, in part due to faster decomposition processes in the tropics, but possibly also due to different mechanisms of organomineral stabilization. We studied the mineral associations of SOM in the surface horizons of two semiarid tropical soils (an Oxisol and an Alfisol) using particle-size, density, and magneti ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200050015x

8. Retention and Turnover of Corn Residue Carbon in Some Eastern Canadian Soils

Author:
Liang, B. C.; Gregorich, E. G.; Schnitzer, M.; Monreal, C. M.; MacKenzie, A. F.; Voroney, R. P.; Beyaert, R. P.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.5 pp. 1361-1366
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
sandy soils; no-tillage; carbon; application rate; biogeochemical cycles; harrowing; plowing; losses from soil; soil fertility; loam soils; soil organic matter; corn soils; soil texture; nitrogen fertilizers; clay soils; clay loam soils; corn stover; Ontario; Quebec
Abstract:
... Agricultural practices determine the level of soil organic C by influencing the amount of residue returned to, and retained by, soil. We conducted field experiments on four soils in Ontario and Quebec to test the hypothesis that short-term changes in soil organic C and the proportion of corn (Zea mays L.)-residue C retained in soils are affected by soil texture, fertility, and tillage management. ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200050031x

9. Seasonal Distribution of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soils in the Parkland Region

Author:
Lemke, R. L.; Izaurralde, R. C.; Nyborg, M.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.5 pp. 1320-1326
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
correlation; agricultural soils; soil water content; soil organic matter; fallow; wheat soils; nitrate nitrogen; spring; losses from soil; seasonal variation; carbon; emissions; ammonium nitrogen; snowmelt; nitrous oxide; Alberta
Abstract:
... The temporal variability of soil-derived N₂O emissions presents a major challenge to the accurate quantification of N₂O-N losses from agroecosystems. We characterized the seasonal distribution of N₂O emissions from two agricultural sites in the Parkland region of Alberta during 1993 and 1994. Treatments studied were fallow, and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with and without urea fertilizer, ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200050025x

10. Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization in Tallgrass Prairie and Agricultural Soil Profiles

Author:
Ajwa, H. A.; Rice, C. W.; Sotomayor, D.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.4 pp. 942-951
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
mineralization; agricultural soils; prairie soils; nitrogen; soil heterogeneity; kinetics; soil depth; physicochemical properties; carbon; soil profiles
Abstract:
... In situ mineralization of N may contribute significantly to total inorganic-N pools deep in the soil profile. We conducted long-term laboratory incubation experiments to evaluate the net C and N mineralization in soils collected from various depths in tallgrass prairie and agricultural fields of the same geological materials and soil type. Samples were packed to a bulk density of 1.4 g cm⁻³ in 5-c ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200040014x

11. Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Transformation of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen during Wheat Straw Decomposition

Author:
Curtin, D.; Selles, F.; Wang, H.; Biederbeck, V. O.; Campbell, C. A.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.4 pp. 1035-1041
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
mineralization; carbon dioxide; soil water content; nitrogen; soil water regimes; wheat straw; carbon; losses from soil; emissions; degradation; biogeochemical cycles
Abstract:
... Carbon exchange between soil and the atmosphere plays an important role in the global C cycle, but partitioning soil CO₂ emissions by source (soil organic matter mineralization, crop residue decomposition, and root respiration) is difficult. Our objective was to determine the contribution of decomposing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw to CO₂ emissions from a Swinton silt loam (fine-silty, mixed ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200040026x

12. Dichromate Digestion and Simultaneous Colorimetry of Microbial Carbon and Nitrogen

Author:
Doyle, Allen; Schimel, Joshua P.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.4 pp. 937-941
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
colorimetry; nitrogen; soil microorganisms; carbon; biomass
Abstract:
... Dichromate digestion is used frequently for analysis of organic C and is followed by manual titration. We sought to automate C detection and to include N in the analysis. We optimized digestion parameters (duration, temperature, acids, and catalysts), compared detection methods [manual and automated titration, colorimetric absorbance of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) and automated colorimetry of Cr(VI)], adap ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200040013x

13. In Situ Decomposition of Grass Roots as Affected by Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

Author:
van Ginkel, J. H.; Gorissen, A.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.4 pp. 951-958
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Lolium perenne; roots; degradation; carbon; mineralization; soil microorganisms; biomass; nitrogen; nutrient availability; nitrogen content; root systems; biogeochemical cycles; carbon dioxide
Abstract:
... The effects of elevated CO₂ on belowground C input, on decomposition of roots in situ vs. decomposition of disturbed roots, and on soil microbial biomass were investigated in a perennial grass species. Forty ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants were homogeneously ¹⁴C-labeled in two controlled environments for 115 d in a continuous ¹⁴CO₂ atmosphere at 350 and 700 µL CO₂ L⁻¹ and two soil N levels (lo ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200040015x

14. Predicting Long-Term Soil Carbon Storage from Short-Term Information

Author:
Hyvönen, Riitta; Ågren, Göran I.; Bosatta, Ernesto
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.4 pp. 1000-1005
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
soil organic matter; carbon; storage; prediction; mathematical models; biogeochemical cycles; soil profiles; degradation; soil texture; duration; uncertainty
Abstract:
... Changes in land use and in climate may induce changes in soil organic matter storage in different ecosystems. Predictions of future soil organic matter storage are based on extrapolations from short-term observations. Certain errors in the extrapolation procedure will have larger consequences than others. We analyzed this error propagation using the continuous-quality theory. We show that paramete ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200040022x

15. Soil Aggregation and Organic Matter Mineralization in Forests and Grasslands: Plant Species Effects

Author:
Scott, Neal A.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.4 pp. 1081-1089
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Calamovilfa longifolia; Quercus rubra; carbon; forest soils; biogeochemical cycles; Sorghastrum nutans; Panicum virgatum; soil aggregates; correlation; interspecific variation; Schizachyrium scoparium; Picea abies; Pinus strobus; Pinus resinosa; mineralization; prairie soils; soil organic matter; grassland soils; vegetation types; Bouteloua curtipendula; Larix decidua; nitrogen; Andropogon gerardii
Abstract:
... Plant-soil feedbacks can alter N cycling rates in terrestrial ecosystems, but the mechanistic relationship between species characteristics, soil properties, and N dynamics is unclear. Plant species may affect patterns of soil aggregation, which can affect soil C and net N mineralization. This mechanism was examined in two common garden experiments: one containing five tree species (European larch ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200040032x

16. A Volumetric Inorganic Carbon Analysis System

Author:
Wagner, S. W.; Hanson, J. D.; Olness, Alan; Voorhees, W. B.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.3 pp. 690-693
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
soil analysis; chemical analysis; carbon; inorganic compounds; automation; computer software
Abstract:
... Measurement of soil organic carbon (OC) is slow and expensive when inorganic carbon (IC) is present. Our objective was to develop an automated volumetric IC analysis system, thus allowing OC to be determined by difference. The system was developed by combining a pressure transducer with a personal computer (PC), data acquisition board, and appropriately developed software. The volumetric system wa ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200030021x

17. Bulk Densities of Brazilian Amazon Soils Related to Other Soil Properties

Author:
Bernoux, Martial; Cerri, Carlos; Arrouays, Dominique; Jolivet, Claudy; Volkoff, Boris
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.3 pp. 743-749
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
correlation; exchangeable cations; Ultisols; cation exchange capacity; iron oxides; soil organic matter; bulk density; Oxisols; soil depth; carbon; soil horizons; soil texture; soil pH; soil profiles; Alfisols; prediction; Amazonia; Brazil
Abstract:
... The results of this study provide the first baseline for predicting Db from soil properties for soils across the Amazon basin. Bulk density values are needed to convert nutrient content and organic carbon (OC) content to weight of nutrient and OC per unit area; unfortunately, common field methods to measure Db are limited with regard to reliable, complete, and uniform soil data. Much effort has be ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200030029x

18. Kinetics of Crop Residue Decomposition: Variability among Crops and Years

Author:
Gilmour, John T.; Norman, Richard J.; Mauromoustakos, Andy; Gale, Paula M.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.3 pp. 750-755
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Glycine max; Oryza sativa; Sorghum bicolor; crop residues; mineralization; degradation; kinetics; organic matter; carbon; nitrogen; carbon nitrogen ratio; ammonium nitrogen; nitrate nitrogen; seasonal variation; simulation models
Abstract:
... A kinetic description of crop residue decomposition makes assessment of the global C cycle and nutrient cycling possible for a wide variety of crop production systems. It was the objective of this study to compare decomposition kinetics of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], rice (Oryza sativa L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] residues for 3 yr to determine if variability among ye ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200030030x

19. Microvariability in Soil Test, Plant Nutrient, and Yield Parameters in Bermudagrass

Author:
Raun, W. R.; Johnson, G. V.; Lees, H. L.; Sembiring, H.; Phillips, S. B.; Solie, J. B.; Stone, M. L.; Whitney, R. W.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.3 pp. 683-690
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
nutrient content; Cynodon dactylon; precision agriculture; crop yield; carbon; phosphorus; ammonium nitrogen; correlation; pastures; soil heterogeneity; nutrient uptake; nitrate nitrogen; forage; soil organic matter; potassium; spatial variation; soil test values; fertilizer requirements; chemical constituents of plants; Oklahoma
Abstract:
... The scale or resolution where distinct differences in soil test and yield parameters can be detected has not been thoroughly evaluated in crop production systems. This study was conducted to determine if large differences in soil test and forage yield parameters were present within small areas (<1 m²). A 2.13 by 21.33 m area was selected for intensive forage and soil sampling from two bermudagrass ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200030020x

20. Recent and Long-Term Organic Soil Accretion and Nutrient Accumulation in the Everglades

Author:
Craft, C. B.; Richardson, C. J.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1998 v.62 no.3 pp. 834-843
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
organic soils; wetland soils; Histosols; nutrients; drainage; carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus; sulfur; nutrient content; soil organic matter; bulk density; age of soil; polluted soils; wetlands; pollution load; Florida
Abstract:
... Organic soil accretion and nutrient accumulation were measured in the northern, central, and southern Everglades to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic nutrient and hydroperiod alterations on organic C and nutrient storage during the past century. Six soil cores (euic, hyperthermic Typic Medisaprists) were collected from nutrient-enriched (Water Conservation Area [WCA] 2A) and unenriched locatio ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200030042x