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1. A Comparison of a Large-Seeded (NC2) and a Small-Seeded (Starr) Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar as Affected by Levels of Calcium Added to the Fruit Zone

Author:
Slack, T. E.; Morrill, L. G.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 87-90
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Arachis hypogaea; calcium; containers; cultivars; fruiting; fruits; greenhouse experimentation; peanuts; rooting; sand; seed development; seeds
Abstract:
... Several greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare various Ca treatments on selected vegetative and reproductive characteristics of Starr and NC2 peanuts. Calcium and K uptake and distribution characteristics in Starr and NC2 peanut plant parts were studied also. Starr and NC2 peanuts were grown in sand cultures with separated rooting and fruiting containers for direct comparisons. Starr and ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010020x

2. Adsorption of Ametryne and Atrazine on an Oxisol, Montmorillonite, and Charcoal in Relation to pH and Solubility Effects

Author:
Yamane, V. K.; Green, R. E.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 58-64
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Oxisols; adsorbents; adsorption; ametryn; atrazine; charcoal; montmorillonite; protonation; soil pH; solubility; sorption isotherms; temperature
Abstract:
... Adsorption of ametryne exceeded that of atrazine on soil and montmorillonite at both low and high pH. Ametryne (pKₐ ≅ 4.0) showed a greater increase in adsorption with decrease in pH than atrazine (pKₐ = 1.68). Addition of charcoal to soil masked the effect of soil pH on ametryne adsorption. Adsorption of ametryne on charcoal decreased at the low pH values conducive to ametryne protonation, demons ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010013x

3. Alkali Metal Cation Exchange on Chambers Montmorillonite

Author:
Gast, R. G.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 14-19
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
bentonite; cation exchange; cations; cesium; clay; entropy; lithium; metal ions; montmorillonite; potassium; rubidium; sodium; Wyoming
Abstract:
... Standard free energies of exchange, ΔG°, were determined for the exchange of Na with Li, K, Rb, and Cs on a 0.1–0.5 micron fraction of Chambers montmorillonite having an exchange capacity of 123 ± 2 meq/100 g. The ΔG° values ranged from +80 cal mole⁻¹ for Na→Li exchange to -1886 cal mole⁻¹ for Na→Cs exchange and were approximately twice as large as those found previously for similar exchange react ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010003x

4. An Improved Form of Soil-Water Diffusivity Function

Author:
Ahuja, L. R.; Swartzendruber, D.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 9-14
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
computer software; diffusivity; equations; least squares; soil water; soil water content; unsaturated hydraulic conductivity; water content; water uptake
Abstract:
... The soil-water diffusivity D(θ) is expressed by a functional form which becomes infinite as the soil-water content approaches a constant value, such as the saturated or near-saturated value. The function begins at the origin, and shows an approximately exponential rise in the intermediate soil-water content range. When combined with a previously suggested form of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010002x

5. Anomalies and Sampling Variation in Forest Soil Water Measurement by the Neutron Method

Author:
Sartz, Richard S.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 148-153
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
forest soils; neutrons; soil depth; soil water; soil water content; variance; water content
Abstract:
... Sampling errors were determined for neutron meter measurements of soil water content in a heterogeneous forest soil. Water content variance at individual 30-cm depths on uncut plots increased with depth at a high water content but was uniform at a low water content. The variation was greater at a low than at a high water content on uncut plots, but was about equal on cut plots. Water content chang ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010034x

6. Applied and Residual Nitrate-Nitrogen Effects on Irrigated Grain Sorghum Yield

Author:
Onken, Arthur B.; Sunderman, Herbert D.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 94-97
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Sorghum bicolor; clay loam soils; equations; fertilizer application; grain sorghum; grain yield; irrigation; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; nitrogen; regression analysis; soil sampling
Abstract:
... Multirate nitrogen studies were conducted for a 3-year period, on an irrigated clay loam soil at two locations, to determine the influence of applied and residual soil N on the yield of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Soil samples were taken prior to fertilizer application in depth increments of 0–15, 15–30, 30–61, and 61–91 cm and analyzed for nitrate. Applied and residual soil NO₃⁻-N ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010022x

7. Calcium Fluoride Formation During Extraction of Calcareous Soils With Fluoride: II. Implications to the Bray P-1 Test

Author:
Smillie, G. W.; Syers, J. K.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 25-30
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; aluminum; ammonium chloride; calcareous soils; calcite; calcium; calcium carbonate; fluorides; hydrochloric acid; iron; neutralization; sodium chloride; sodium hydroxide; soil horizons
Abstract:
... Calcium fluoride formed during a 1-min extraction of calcite (50-2 µm) with the Bray P-1 reagent (0.03M NH₄F/0.025N HCl) sorbed added P. Because of the problem in identifying minor components of a whole soil matrix by X-ray diffraction analysis, it was frequently difficult to positively identify CaF₂ in residues following a 1-min Bray P-1 extraction of calcareous soils; CaF₂ was, however, identifi ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010005x

8. Calcium Fluoride Formation During Extraction of Calcareous Soils with Fluoride: I. Implications to Inorganic P Fractionation Schemes

Author:
Syers, J. K.; Smillie, G. W.; Williams, J. D. H.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 20-25
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
aluminum; aragonite; calcareous soils; calcite; calcium; calcium carbonate; dolomite; fluorides; fractionation; hydrochloric acid; inorganic phosphorus; iron; magnesite; phosphorus fertilizers; sodium chloride; sodium hydroxide
Abstract:
... Added inorganic P sorbed during 0.5M NH₄F extraction of calcite or aragonite was recovered in subsequent citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate (CDB) and HCl extractions of the Williams et al. (1967) inorganic P fractionation scheme. The sorbed P was shown to be associated with CaF₂ formed by the replacement of CaCO₃ during the NH₄F extraction. Similar results were obtained for soils which contained calci ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010004x

9. Computer Simulation Analysis on Reclamation of Salt-Affected Soils in San Joaquin Valley, California

Author:
Tanji, K. K.; Doneen, L. D.; Ferry, G. V.; Ayers, R. S.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 127-133
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
basins; boron; computer simulation; computers; drainage water; gypsum; land restoration; leaching; prediction; simulation models; soil depth; soluble salts; water quality; California
Abstract:
... A computer land reclamation model was developed and applied to a field leaching study of moderately salt-affected profiles. Leaching was accomplished by ponding 15 cm of water intermittently in 3 m by 3 m basins every 1 to 2 weeks. Computer predictions on the degree of reclamation were compared with measured changes in soluble salts, soluble boron, and SAR to soil depths of 274 cm. The differences ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010030x

10. Contributions of Clay and Organic Matter to the Cation Exchange Capacity of Maryland Soils

Author:
Wright, W. R.; Foss, J. E.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 115-118
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
A horizons; B horizons; C horizons; cation exchange capacity; cations; clay; coastal plain soils; coastal plains; organic matter; piedmont; prediction; regression analysis; Maryland
Abstract:
... Fifty-seven profiles representing 19 soil series from the three physiographic regions of Maryland were described and sampled. The relative contributions of clay and organic matter to total cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of various horizons were measured using multiple regression analysis. The independent variables were clay and organic matter, with the dependent variable being CEC by sum of cation ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010027x

11. D-Chiro-Inositol Phosphate in a Forest Soil

Author:
L'Annunziata, Michael F.; Fuller, Wallace H.; Brantley, David S.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 183-184
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
forest soils; isomers; moieties; myo-inositol; paper chromatography; phosphates; polarimetry
Abstract:
... The previously unidentified “D,L”-chiro-inositol phosphate (L'Annunziata and Fuller, 1971) of a Tucson forest soil was identified as the dextrorotatory D-chiro-inositol phosphate. An infrared spectrum of the inositol moiety was obtained as evidence for the chiro isomer, additional to the previously reported paper chromatographic Rf values (L'Annunziata and Fuller, 1971). A positive polarimetric op ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010061x

12. Diffusion of Zinc in Soil: II. The Influence of Soil Bulk Density and its Interaction with Soil Moisture

Author:
Warncke, D. D.; Barber, S. A.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 42-46
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
bulk density; diffusivity; silt loam soils; soil density; soil quality; soil water; water content; zinc
Abstract:
... Effective Zn diffusion coefficients were determined at four soil bulk densities and three moisture levels in five silt loam soils. The tortuosity of the diffusion path, f₁, for each set of soil conditions was estimated from ³⁶Cl diffusion data. In each soil and for each soil moisture level the diffusion path was least tortuous near 1.3 g/cm³. The observed order for the influence of soil bulk densi ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010009x

13. Diffusion of Zinc in Soil: I. The Influence of Soil Moisture

Author:
Warncke, D. D.; Barber, S. A.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 39-42
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
cation exchange resins; diffusivity; paper; soil water; water content; zinc
Abstract:
... Effective Zn diffusion coefficients, Dₑ₍Zₙ₎, were determined at several soil moistures on six soils by allowing ⁶⁵Zn diffuse from the soil into cation exchange resin paper placed on the surface of the soil. At 13% volumetric moisture Dₑ₍Zₙ₎ values ranged from 10⁻¹¹ to 10⁻⁸ cm²/sec with the range narrowing as the soils approached moisture saturation. In five of six soils, the effect of increasing m ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010008x

14. Distribution of Concretions from Selected Soils of the Inner Bluegrass Region of Kentucky

Author:
Phillippe, W. R.; Blevins, R. L.; Barnhisel, R. I.; Bailey, H. H.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 171-173
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
C horizons; X-radiation; fabrics; iron; kaolinite; manganese; mica; montmorillonite; phosphorus; poorly drained soils; quartz; soil sampling; titanium; vermiculite; Kentucky
Abstract:
... Total iron and manganese was determined on concretions and soil samples by X-ray emission. Soils studied included Maury, Mercer, and Lawrence, which are well-drained, moderately well-drained and somewhat poorly-drained, respectively. Iron-Manganese concretions were observed in all horizons, with a maximum of 46% by weight in a Maury C horizon. The Fe/Mn ratios decreased with increasing concretion ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010055x

15. Ecology of Nematodes in Clarion-Webster Toposequences Associated With Glycine Max (L.) Merrill

Author:
Nyhan, J. W.; Frederick, L. R.; Norton, D. C.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 74-78
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Aphelenchus avenae; Glycine max; Helicotylenchus; Tylenchorhynchus; Tylenchus; barium; clay; dry matter accumulation; edaphic factors; factor analysis; field capacity; nitrogen content; potassium; silt; soil fertility; soil organic matter; soil pH; soil pore system; soil water; soluble salts; soybeans; toposequences; variance
Abstract:
... Toposequence variations in soil and plant properties were characterized and related to nematode populations associated with soybeans. The smallest populations of Aphelenchus avenae, Helicotylenchus pseudo-robustus, Tylenchorhynchus nudus, Tylenchus spp., and non-stylet-bearing nematodes occurred at the toeslope position within the toposequences. Increases in soil pH, soluble salts, percentages of ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010017x

16. Effects of Hydroxyl-Containing Organics on the Strength-Energy Characteristics of Montmorillonite

Author:
Dowdy, R. H.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 162-166
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
aluminum; calcium; clay; energy; glucose; molecular weight; montmorillonite; polyvinyl alcohol; sodium; tensile strength
Abstract:
... The effect of polyvinyl alcohols and glucose on the tensile strength and tensile strain energy (rupture energy) of montmorillonite was studied by utilizing direct tensile strain of oriented clay films. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dramatically increased the tensile strength of homoionically saturated montmorillonite in the following order: Na ≥ Ca >> Al. The intermediate molecular weight PVA₈ (70,000–8 ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010037x

17. Effects of Snow Removal, Litter Removal and Soil Compaction on Soil Freezing and Thawing in a Minnesota Oak Stand

Author:
Thorud, David B.; Duncan, Donald P.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 153-157
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
air temperature; cold; freezing; frozen soils; hydrology; loamy sand soils; sandy loam soils; snow; snowpack; soil compaction; thawing; water content; Minnesota
Abstract:
... The depths of soil freezing and thawing were measured periodically with a Veihmeyer tube in snow removed, litter removed, compacted, compacted-snow removed, and undisturbed plots during the 1962–63 season near St. Paul, Minn. The soil was a sandy loam to a loamy sand with a high water content when the study began. Cold conditions and minimal snowfall resulted in deeply frozen soil throughout Minne ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010035x

18. Effects of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae on Growth and Phosphorous Content of Three Agronomic Crops

Author:
Jackson, Nelroy E.; Franklin, R. E.; Miller, R. H.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 64-67
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
Glycine max; Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii; corn; crop yield; crops; greenhouse experimentation; inoculum; mycorrhizal fungi; phosphorus content; plant growth; rock phosphate; seeds; soil; soybeans; superphosphate; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae
Abstract:
... Several placements of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal inoculum in soil were compared in a greenhouse study of the potential use of VA fungi for increasing yields of agronomic crops on low P-status soils. Placement of VA mycorrhizal inoculum and rock phosphate was considered an integral treatment. Inoculation with VA fungi increased corn yields about 50% over the increases due to indigenous m ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010014x

19. Estimating Deep Drainage Between Irrigations

Author:
Miller, D. E.; Aarstad, J. S.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 124-127
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
drainage; evapotranspiration; irrigation; soil water; soil water content; water table
Abstract:
... This paper treats the situation, common in irrigation, in which the water table is deep enough to be ignored and applied water moves downward by drainage and is taken up by plants. When plants are transpiring, soil water content is reduced by both deep drainage and plant extraction. Drainage rates from a wetted depth of soil are related to the total water contained in that depth when there is no p ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010029x

20. Evaluation of a Reductiometric Titration Method for Determining Quinones in Soil Humus

Author:
Mathur, S. P.
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1972 v.36 no.1 pp. 175-176
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
benzophenones; humic acids; humus; quinones; soil; titration
Abstract:
... A SnCl₂-I₂ reductometric titration method gave values of 4.2 and 3.5 meq quinoid carbonyls/g in a soil fulvic (FA) and humic acid, respectively. The results were supported by the analysis of a mixture of the FA and a napthaquinone, and were in agreement with earlier enzymatic and infrared studies of the soil humic compound. No reduction of the nonquinoid carbonyl of benzophenone by SnCl₂ was obser ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600010057x