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1. A comparative study of different solvents and extraction techniques on the anti-oxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) fruit pulp

Author:
Hussain, Z.T.E.; Yagi, S.; Mahomoodally, M.F.; Mohammed, I.; Zengin, G.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 207-213
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Adansonia digitata; acetylcholinesterase; alpha-amylase; alpha-glucosidase; anthocyanidins; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; beverages; cholinesterase; enzyme inhibition; epicatechin; ethanol; fever; fruit pulp; functional foods; gastrointestinal system; income; international trade; maceration; malaria; rural communities; solvents; traditional medicine; Sudan
Abstract:
... Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae), also known as Baobab, is well known in Africa for its significant role in international trade and as important source of food, folk medicine and income to rural communities in Africa. The fruit pulp have been used in Sudan and many other countries as beverages and in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria, fever and many gastrointestinal diseases. The ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.01.034

2. Advancement of analytical techniques in some South African commercialized medicinal plants: Current and future perspectives

Author:
Masondo, N.A.; Makunga, N.P.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 40-57
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Internet; analytical methods; bibliometric analysis; biomarkers; chemistry; clinical trials; commercialization; databases; ethnobotany; flora; herbal medicines; industry; medicinal plants; patents; pharmacology; plant biochemistry; quality control; therapeutics; South Africa
Abstract:
... As the use of medicinal plants continues to gain popularity worldwide, there is dire need for herbal medicines to be guaranteed in their safety and efficacy. South Africa has a largely under-explored medical flora scientifically due to the vast number of plant species that are consumed for medicinal purposes by the public, creating an urgent need to better define plants with therapeutic effects. T ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.037

3. African plants with in vitro anti-inflammatory activities: A review

Author:
Elgorashi, E.E.; McGaw, L.J.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 142-169
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
adverse effects; animal models; anti-inflammatory activity; anti-inflammatory agents; bioactive compounds; ethnobotany; flora; in vitro studies; inducible nitric oxide synthase; inflammation; interleukins; lipoxygenases; pain; plant extracts; prostaglandin synthase; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; xanthine oxidase; Africa
Abstract:
... Inflammation is a normal response of the body to injury or foreign insult. Inflammation has been known to humankind since the dawn of history as it is characterized by pain. Humans started the search for various means, including plants, to control and manage inflammation since time immemorial. Hence, it is not surprising that most current research on anti-inflammatory drug discovery from plants wo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.034

4. Alkaloids isolated from Haemanthus humilis Jacq., an indigenous South African Amaryllidaceae: Anticancer activity of coccinine and montanine

Author:
Masi, M.; Van slambrouck, S.; Gunawardana, S.; van Rensburg, M.J.; James, P.C.; Mochel, J.G.; Heliso, P.S.; Albalawi, A.S.; Cimmino, A.; van Otterlo, W.A.L.; Kornienko, A.; Green, I.R.; Evidente, A.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 277-281
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Haemanthus; antineoplastic activity; bulbs; human cell lines; humans; lycorine; metabolites; neoplasm cells
Abstract:
... Haemanthus humilis Jacq., an indigenous South African Amaryllidaceae, was studied for the first time for its alkaloid content. From the acid extract of its bulbs, albomaculine, incartine, coccinine and montanine, belonging to the lycorine-, homolycorine- and isoquinoline-type alkaloids respectively, were isolated. Coccinine was the main metabolite (1.49 g/kg) and to the best of our knowledge H. hu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.01.036

5. Anti-HIV-1 activity of quinic acid isolated from Helichrysum mimetes using NMR-based metabolomics and computational analysis

Author:
Yazdi, S.E.; Prinsloo, G.; Heyman, H.M.; Oosthuizen, C.B.; Klimkait, T.; Meyer, J.J.M.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 328-339
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Helichrysum; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; acetone; aerial parts; antiviral properties; binding sites; bioassays; carbohydrates; computer simulation; discriminant analysis; doxorubicin; hexane; immunosuppression; infectious diseases; inhibitory concentration 50; mechanism of action; metabolomics; methylene chloride; models; moieties; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; principal component analysis; quinic acid; solvents; traditional medicine; viruses
Abstract:
... Helichrysum species are widely used in traditional medicine with potential against infectious diseases. Extraction of the aerial parts of 32 Helichrysum species was done using polar (methanol:water (1:1)) and non-polar (hexane, dichloromethane and acetone) solvent systems. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) bioassays revealed that polar extracts of H. mimetes and H. chrysargyrum (2.5 μg/mL), ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.04.023

6. Anti-oxidant activity, alpha-amylase inhibition and toxicity of leaf extracts of cultivated Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez (cape beech)

Author:
Lotter, N.; Chivandi, E.; Lembede, B.W.; Ndhlala, A.R.; Nyakudya, T.T.; Erlwanger, K.H.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 261-264
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; Artemia; Fagus; Rapanea melanophloeos; alpha-amylase; anthelmintics; antioxidant activity; bark; diabetes mellitus; enzyme inhibition; flavonoids; free radical scavengers; in vitro studies; inhibitory concentration 50; leaf extracts; leaves; lethal concentration 50; nauplii; proanthocyanidins; screening; toxicity; trees; Southern Africa
Abstract:
... Rapanea melanophloeos is a tree indigenous to Southern Africa. Previous work has reported on the potential of the bark and leaf extracts/decoctions as antifungal, anthelmintic and molluscicidal treatments. This study characterised the antidiabetic potential of R. melanophloeos leaf aqueous and methanolic extracts by determining, the antioxidant activity and ability to inhibit the enzyme α-amylase. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.07.025

7. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of medicinal plant extracts used to treat wounds and dermatological disorders

Author:
Ghuman, S.; Ncube, B.; Finnie, J.F.; McGaw, L.J.; Mfotie Njoya, E.; Coopoosamy, R.M.; Van Staden, J.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 232-240
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; Aloe; Eucomis autumnalis; Haworthia; Hypericum; Zantedeschia aethiopica; anti-inflammatory activity; anti-inflammatory agents; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; bulbs; enzyme inhibition; inhibitory concentration 50; leaves; lipoxygenases; medicinal plants; methanol; models; nitric oxide; pathogens; plant extracts; quercetin; roots; screening; skin diseases; tissue repair; South Africa
Abstract:
... Medicinal plants used for wound healing and skin diseases are key to unlocking the doors to combating resistance of pathogens to pharmaceuticals and allopathic management. This study was aimed at screening the antioxidant effects, the anti-inflammatory activity and wound healing capacity of traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of skin conditions and wound healing in KwaZulu-Natal, So ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.07.013

8. Antiplasmodial constituents in the minor alkaloid groups of the Amaryllidaceae

Author:
Nair, J.J.; van Staden, J.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 362-370
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Amaryllidaceae; Plasmodium falciparum; antimalarials; antiplasmodial properties; databases; drugs; isoquinoline alkaloids; malaria; morbidity; mortality; pathogens; physicochemical properties; phytochemicals; statistics; traditional medicine; tropical diseases; South Africa
Abstract:
... Malaria is responsible for majority of the morbidity and mortality statistics reflected by tropical diseases. Whilst effectively managed in most parts of the globe, it remains a scourge on the African continent where most cases of the disease are diagnosed annually. Plants have played a leading role as a source of malarial drugs which continue to dominate the clinical landscape today. Most if not ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.012

9. Antityrosinase and anti-acne potential of plants traditionally used in the Jongilanga community in Mpumalanga

Author:
Lall, N.; Blom van Staden, A.; Rademan, S.; Lambrechts, I.; De Canha, M.N.; Mahore, J.; Winterboer, S.; Twilley, D.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 241-249
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; Combretum; Harpagophytum procumbens; Ipomoea; Ozoroa; Pterocarpus; Schotia; Vachellia nilotica; antibacterial properties; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; cytotoxicity; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; ferns and fern allies; health services; hyperpigmentation; inhibitory concentration 50; keratinocytes; minimum inhibitory concentration; monophenol monooxygenase; mushrooms; plant extracts; traditional medicine; South Africa
Abstract:
... In South Africa, traditional medicine remains a key source of health care, however majority of the plants used as medicines by traditional health care practitioners have not been investigated for their in vitro biological activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the antityrosinase, anti-acne, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of 25 ethanolic extracts from 16 different plant fami ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.07.015

10. Are scientists barking up the wrong tree to “scientifically validate” traditional medicines?

Author:
Maharaj, V.J.; Naidoo-Maharaj, D.; Fouche, G.; Mianda, S.M.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 58-64
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Africans; Elephantorrhiza; Hoodia gordonii; Lippia javanica; appetite; bioactive properties; biodiversity; case studies; commercialization; cosmetics; drugs; health services; hyperplasia; indigenous knowledge; insect repellents; males; patients; product development; traditional medicine; South Africa
Abstract:
... In South Africa it is estimated that at least 70% of South Africans consult one of the more than 200,000 Traditional Healers in the country. Clearly traditional health practitioners in South Africa play a crucial role in providing primary health care to the majority of the population. This knowledge system together with South Africa's unique biodiversity provides valuable resources for scientists ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.010

11. A survey of plants used to treat livestock diseases in the Mnisi community, Mpumalanga, South Africa, and investigation of their antimicrobial activity

Author:
Khunoana, E.T.; Madikizela, B.; Erhabor, J.O.; Nkadimeng, S.M.; Arnot, L.F.; Van Wyk, I.; McGaw, L.J.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 21-29
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Aspergillus fumigatus; Elephantorrhiza; Enterococcus faecalis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Schotia; acetone; antibacterial properties; antifungal properties; bacterial growth; bioassays; biofilm; cytotoxicity; dipping; drug therapy; farmers; fungi; helminths; herbal medicines; in vivo studies; livestock; livestock diseases; minimum inhibitory concentration; pastes; plant extracts; rapid rural appraisal; sap; solvents; surveys; tanks; technicians; tick-borne diseases; ticks; South Africa
Abstract:
... Ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM), although not documented well, still serves as an alternative or complementary medication for curing or preventing bacterial, fungal and helminth diseases, as well as other maladies such as ticks and tick-borne diseases in South Africa. The aim of this study was to document plant species used as EVM by the Mnisi community at Bushbuckridge in the province of Mpumalang ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.07.026

12. Bioactive compounds from the leaf extract of Bauhinia galpinii (Fabaceae) used as antidiarrhoeal therapy in southern Africa

Author:
Ahmed, A.S.; Moodley, N.; Eloff, J.N.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 345-353
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Aspergillus fumigatus; Bauhinia; Candida albicans; Cryptococcus neoformans; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; acetone; anti-infective agents; antidiarrheal effect; antimicrobial properties; bioactive compounds; bromine; digestive system diseases; epilepsy; fractionation; leaf extracts; leaves; mass spectrometry; methyl ethers; myricetin; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; ornamental plants; quercetin; shrubs; silica gel; sulfuric acid; therapeutics; thin layer chromatography; trees; vanillin; South Africa
Abstract:
... Bauhinia galpinii N. E. Br is a shrub or small tree that grows 3–9 m tall throughout South Africa in nature and as ornamental plant. Various parts of the plant are used to cure gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders, epilepsy, convulsion, infertility, and amenorrhoea. Despite popular use, the phytochemicals responsible for the medicinal efficacy of the plant has not been exhaustively investigated. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.011

13. Bioactive constituents from Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke leaf extracts

Author:
Aderogba, M.A.; Madikizela, B.; McGaw, L.J.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 371-376
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Mycobacterium aurum; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Mycobacterium smegmatis; anti-inflammatory activity; anti-inflammatory agents; antibacterial properties; arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase; bioactive compounds; butanol; cytotoxicity; ethyl acetate; fractionation; hexane; infectious diseases; inhibitory concentration 50; leaf extracts; lethal concentration 50; methanol; methylene chloride; minimum inhibitory concentration; monkeys; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; secondary metabolites; solvents; traditional medicine
Abstract:
... Malvastrum coromandelianum leaf extracts are used to treat infectious diseases and various inflammatory conditions in folk medicine. This study was designed to isolate its bioactive secondary metabolites and determine their potential bioactivity. The crude leaf extract obtained from 80% methanol was successively partitioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water.The 80% ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.008

14. Biological activities of extract from Coleonema album in vitro

Author:
Rárová, L.; Jäger, A.K.; Gao, X.; Bauer, R.; Gruz, J.; Van Staden, J.; Strnad, M.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 176-181
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
amides; anti-inflammatory activity; cytotoxicity; in vitro studies; intercellular adhesion molecule-1; interleukin-6; leaf extracts; mechanism of action; neoplasm cells; shrubs
Abstract:
... Coleonema album is a South African shrub which is used as an anti-inflammatory. A methanolic leaf extract of C. album was here tested in vitro in various anti-inflammatory assays to establish a possible mode of action, as well as for cytotoxicity. The C. album extract did not change the signaling of anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. The extract inhibited COX-1, COX-2 and IL-6, but not ELAM or I ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.015

15. Biostimulating effects of the cyanobacterium Nostoc piscinale on winter wheat in field experiments

Author:
Takács, G.; Stirk, W.A.; Gergely, I.; Molnár, Z.; van Staden, J.; Ördög, V.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 99-106
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Nostoc; Triticum; abiotic stress; biotic stress; chlorophyll; crop yield; farms; field experimentation; freeze drying; global warming; leaves; microalgae; plant growth; proline; rain; root systems; soil; temperature; tillering; vegetation; water content; winter wheat; Hungary
Abstract:
... Due to global warming, a permanent rainfall deficit and higher temperatures reduce the available water in the soil, which severely influences plant water status. Current research needs to address ways to overcome these problems in order to maintain crop yields. The beneficial effects of seaweed extracts against abiotic and biotic stress factors of plant growth is well known but the use of microalg ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.033

16. Boosting super-domestication: from crop domestication to genome editing

Author:
Balázs, E.; Divéki, Z.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 107-114
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
biodiversity; domestication; gene editing; nutrition; nutritive value; plant anatomy; plant breeding; plants (botany)
Abstract:
... Plants and animals have always been the sources of food for the human race. The daily practice of hunting, fishing and the gathering of various plant parts underwent constant changes as the nomadic life was gradually replaced by a settled existence. This change was of decisive importance, as it paved the way for the domestication of plants and animals. During the process of domestication favourabl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.018

17. Botanicals used for cosmetic purposes by Xhosa women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Author:
Mwinga, J.L.; Makhaga, N.S.; Aremu, A.O.; Otang-Mbeng, W.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 4-10
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Cassipourea; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; bark; biodiversity; bulbs; cosmetics; crushing; ethnobotany; fruits; indigenous knowledge; industry; leaves; maceration; medicinal plants; plant extracts; questionnaires; sampling; seeds; solar radiation; surveys; traditional medicine; tubers; women; South Africa
Abstract:
... Despite the rich history of traditional medicine and biodiversity in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, few studies exist with regard to the use on traditional medicinal plants for cosmetic purposes. Thus, this study explored the indigenous knowledge of traditional cosmetic plants used by the Xhosa women of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. An ethnobotanical survey using semi-stru ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.03.038

18. Chemistry and pharmacology of three antiplasmodial traditional medicinal plants from tropical Africa – A review

Author:
Sinan, K.I.; Zengin, G.; Bene, K.; Mahomoodally, M.F.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 265-276
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Annickia polycarpa; Sterculia tragacantha; Trypanosoma; Zanthoxylum; antimalarials; bioactive properties; biobased products; chemical constituents of plants; chemistry; databases; ethnobotany; in vivo studies; malaria; medicinal plants; pharmacology; rheumatoid arthritis; snake bites; stomach ulcers; therapeutics; Africa
Abstract:
... Sterculia tragacantha Lindl., Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) P. G. Waterman and Annickia polycarpa (DC.) Setten & Maas ex I.M.Turner are commonly used folk medicinal plants, particularly against malaria, in tropical and warm African areas. Besides, S. tragacantha and Z. gilletii are used traditionally to manage rheumatism, boils, ulcer, gonorrhea, and snake bite. On the other hand, A. polycarpa i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.04.024

19. Cosmeceutical efficiency by some plant extracts used traditionally for skin care in inhibiting tyrosinase activity in a human epidermal melanocyte (HEM) cell line

Author:
Thibane, V.S.; Ndhlala, A.R.; Finnie, J.F.; Van Staden, J.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 256-260
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Cassipourea; Chenopodium album; Clausena anisata; Nasturtium officinale; cosmetics; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; ethanol; hyperpigmentation; inhibitory concentration 50; melanin; melanocytes; melanogenesis; monophenol monooxygenase; plant extracts; skin (animal); therapeutics
Abstract:
... The progression of age and dark spots on human skin is undesirable as it indicates the reduction of skin beauty. The melanin produced by melanocytes is responsible for the associated darkening of the skin. Tyrosinase modulates the melanogenesis process and is a therapeutic target for skin disorders such as hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.031

20. Different Combretum molle (Combretaceae) leaf extracts contain several different antifungal and antibacterial compounds

Author:
Mogashoa, M.M.; Masoko, P.; Eloff, J.N.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2019 v.126 pp. 322-327
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Aspergillus fumigatus; Aspergillus niger; Aspergillus parasiticus; Candida albicans; Combretum; Cryptococcus neoformans; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Fusarium oxysporum; Penicillium janthinellum; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Thanatephorus cucumeris; acetone; animals; antibiotics; antifungal properties; bark; butanol; chloroform; cross infection; ethyl acetate; fungal diseases of plants; hexane; leaf extracts; leaves; methanol; methylene chloride; minimum inhibitory concentration; plant pathogenic fungi; Africa
Abstract:
... Combretum molle occurs widely in Africa and is used traditionally to treat many different ailments including microbial infections. Some work has been done on the antimicrobial activity of bark extracts, but not on leaf extracts, a sustainable resource.Dried ground leaves were extracted with methanol, butanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, dichloromethane and n-hexane. The antibacterial and a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.035