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You searched for: Journal South African journal of botany Remove constraint Journal: South African journal of botany Publication Year 2015 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2015 Source 2015 v.96 Remove constraint Source: 2015 v.96
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1. Annesorhiza articulata (Apiaceae): A new, highly threatened species from the Western Cape, South Africa

Author:
Magee, A.R.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 62-64
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Apiaceae; alluvium; corolla; fibrous roots; fynbos; leaves; new species; resin canals; threatened species; tubers; South Africa
Abstract:
... The new species, Annesorhiza articulata Magee, is described. It is known from only three seasonally moist localities in Swartland Alluvium Fynbos. The species forms part of the Annesorhiza triternata group with which it shares the branched resin canals in the petals. It differs in the conspicuously winged rachis, articulate leaves, marginally ribbed fruit and fibrous roots terminating in a small, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.10.013

2. Cheiridopsis alba-oculata (Aizoaceae: Ruschioideae, Ruschieae) — A new quartz-endemic from southern Namaqualand, South Africa

Author:
Klak, C.; Helme, N.A.; Bruyns, P.V.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 1-5
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Aizoaceae; fruits; leaves; new species; South Africa
Abstract:
... Cheiridopsis alba-oculata Klak & N.A. Helme is a new species known from two populations in the Garies region of southern Namaqualand, where it appears to be restricted to patches of quartz-gravel. The species belongs to the Cheiridopsis–Odontophorus alliance because of its papillate leaves and the 9- or 10-locular fruits with large closing bodies. The isophylly and globose fruits with raised tops ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.11.001

3. Chemical variations, trichome structure and antifungal activities of essential oils of Helichrysum splendidum from South Africa

Author:
Mashigo, M.; Combrinck, S.; Regnier, T.; Du Plooy, W.; Augustyn, W.; Mokgalaka, N.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 78-84
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Glomerella cingulata; Helichrysum; antifungal properties; avocados; beta-phellandrene; beta-pinene; chemotypes; cineole; discriminant analysis; essential oils; fungicides; gas chromatography; germacrene; growth retardation; in vitro studies; leaves; mangoes; models; multivariate analysis; oils; pathogens; scanning electron microscopy; screening; seasonal variation; spathulenol; summer; toxicity; trichomes; winter; South Africa; Zimbabwe
Abstract:
... The chemical profiles of essential oils isolated from nine populations of Helichrysum splendidum were obtained by gas chromatography. Plants were harvested in both summer and winter seasons in two provinces of South Africa. Essential oils originating from Limpopo Province were characterized by high levels of β-phellandrene, 1,8-cineole, δ-cadinene, α-cadinol, τ-cadinol, and β-pinene. These could b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.10.006

4. Clonal fidelity of Iris sibirica plants regenerated by somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in leaf-base culture — RAPD and flow cytometer analyses

Author:
Stanišić, M.; Raspor, M.; Ninković, S.; Milošević, S.; Ćalić, D.; Bohanec, B.; Trifunović, M.; Petrić, M.; Subotić, A.; Jevremović, S.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 42-52
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
2,4-D; DNA; Iris sibirica; acclimation; benzyladenine; callus; callus formation; chromosomes; color; culture media; explants; flow cytometry; genetic transformation; kinetin; naphthaleneacetic acid; organogenesis; random amplified polymorphic DNA technique; rhizogenesis; rooting; shoot primordia; somaclonal variation; somatic embryogenesis; somatic embryos; thidiazuron
Abstract:
... Efficient protocols, safe from somaclonal variation, were developed for regeneration of Iris sibirica plants via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from leaf-base explants cultivated on Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ, 1.0mg/l) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 1.0mg/l). The morphogenic response and callus formation efficiency differed significantly betwee ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.10.014

5. Diversity of non-structural carbohydrates in the underground organs of five Iridaceae species from the Cerrado (Brazil)

Author:
Almeida, V.O.; Carneiro, R.V.; Carvalho, M.A.M.; Figueiredo-Ribeiro, R.C.L.; Moraes, M.G.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 105-111
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Sisyrinchium; Trimezia; abiotic stress; buds; cerrado; fructose; geophytes; glucose; maltose; phenology; raffinose; starch; sucrose; Brazil
Abstract:
... South America has a great diversity in some tribes of the Iridaceae family. Most of the Iridaceae are geophytes, with underground organs bearing buds and reserve compounds, which favor their occurrence in seasonal environments, such as the Cerrado. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) are the main reserves in geophytes, essential to support phenological events, and protect plants against abiotic str ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.10.003

6. Effects of water and nutrient additions on the timing and duration of phenological stages of resprouting Terminalia sericea

Author:
Moyo, H.; Scholes, M.C.; Twine, W.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 85-90
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Terminalia sericea; buds; carbon; color; coppicing; fruit growing; growing season; leaves; nitrogen; nutrient availability; nutrients; phenology; phosphorus; photosynthesis; savannas; trees; wet season; South Africa
Abstract:
... There is limited information about the factors that affect phenology of coppicing trees. This study examined the effects of water and nutrient additions on the phenology of coppicing Terminalia sericea trees in a semi-arid savanna in South Africa. Cut trees were exposed to different levels of water and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) supplementations over a period of two years. Phenological sta ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.10.009

7. Environmental stress effect on the phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of a South African bulbous geophyte, Gethyllis multifolia L. Bolus

Author:
Daniels, C.W.; Rautenbach, F.; Marnewick, J.L.; Valentine, A.J.; Babajide, O.J.; Mabusela, W.T.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 29-36
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
alkaloids; bulbs; cations; drought; environmental factors; essential oils; flavanones; flavonols; geophytes; habitats; leaves; medicinal properties; oxygen radical absorbance capacity; polyphenols; root systems; roots; saponins; spectroscopy; tannins; terpenoids; water stress
Abstract:
... Gethyllis multifolia is a South African bulbous geophyte with medicinal properties and on which very limited research has been conducted. This research investigated the effect of drought and shade, which are experienced in the natural habitat, on the antioxidant properties, as well as the isolation of natural compounds from certain plant parts. The total polyphenol, flavonol/flavone and flavanone ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.10.004

8. Evidence of Tamarix hybrids in South Africa, as inferred by nuclear ITS and plastid trnS–trnG DNA sequences

Author:
Mayonde, S.G.; Cron, G.V.; Gaskin, J.F.; Byrne, M.J.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 122-131
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Tamarix aphylla; Tamarix chinensis; Tamarix parviflora; Tamarix ramosissima; chloroplast DNA; genes; genetic markers; genotype; hybrids; indigenous species; internal transcribed spacers; interspecific hybridization; introduced species; invasive species; mined soils; nuclear genome; phylogeny; phytoremediation; planting; species identification; South Africa
Abstract:
... Tamarix usneoides (Tamaricaceae) is a species native to southern Africa where it is currently being used in the mines for phytoremediation. Tamarix aphylla, Tamarix ramosissima, Tamarix chinensis, and Tamarix parviflora have been reported as exotic species in South Africa, with T. ramosissima declared invasive. The alien invasive T. ramosissima is hypothesized to be hybridizing with the indigenous ...
Handle:
10113/60098
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.10.011

9. Exogenously-applied 5-aminolevulinic acid modulates some key physiological characteristics and antioxidative defense system in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings under water stress

Author:
Kosar, F.; Akram, N.A.; Ashraf, M.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 71-77
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; aminolevulinic acid; antioxidants; betaine; biosynthesis; calcium; carbon dioxide; catalase; chlorophyll; cultivars; drought; drought tolerance; enzyme activity; leaves; nitrogen content; peroxidase; photosynthesis; pigments; potassium; proline; proteins; roots; seedling growth; seedlings; shoots; spring wheat; stomatal conductance; superoxide dismutase; water stress; water use efficiency
Abstract:
... Aminolevulinic acid, one of the key precursors involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, was applied exogenously to assess its role in improving seedling drought stress tolerance in two wheat cultivars (Shafaq-2000 and Auqab-06). Varying levels (0, 50, 100 and 150mgL−1) of 5-ALA were foliarly applied to one month old seedlings. Data showed that plant growth (shoot and root fresh and dry weights), chlo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.10.015

10. Heterologous expression of EsSPDS1 in tobacco plants improves drought tolerance with efficient reactive oxygen species scavenging systems

Author:
Zhou, C.; Sun, Y.; Ma, Z.; Wang, J.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 19-28
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Eutrema salsugineum; abscisic acid; drought tolerance; enzyme activity; flowers; fruits; genes; halophytes; heterologous gene expression; leaves; malondialdehyde; polyamines; polyethylene glycol; reactive oxygen species; roots; salinity; spermidine synthase; stems; stress response; superoxide dismutase; tobacco; transgenic plants; water content; water stress
Abstract:
... It has previously been indicated that polyamines (PAs) are involved in the response to adverse environmental stresses in various plant species. Increased cellular PA levels or exogenous PA application can reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) imposed by multiple abiotic stresses via increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. In this study, a novel spermidine synthase gene, design ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.10.008

11. Intensive land-use and high native fruit availability reduce fruit removal of the invasive Solanum mauritianum in South Africa

Author:
Schor, J.; Farwig, N.; Berens, D.G.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 6-12
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Solanum mauritianum; agricultural land; ecosystems; frugivores; fruiting; habitat destruction; habitats; indigenous species; invasive species; land use change; landscapes; seed dispersal; shrubs; subtropics; vertebrates; South Africa
Abstract:
... Invasive plant species threaten ecosystems worldwide. Management of invasive plants considerably benefits from an understanding of the processes that drive invasive spread, like seed dispersal. In the subtropics, many invasive species rely on vertebrate frugivores for dispersal. In turn, frugivore distribution across the landscape depends on habitat and fruit availability. Therefore, the loss of h ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.11.004

12. In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts and an isolated compound from Boscia albitrunca leaves

Author:
Pendota, S.C.; Aderogba, M.A.; Van Staden, J.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 91-93
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Boscia albitrunca; Gram-negative bacteria; active ingredients; anti-infective properties; butanol; eyes; fractionation; fungi; leaf extracts; leaves; medicinal plants; methanol; minimum inhibitory concentration; silica gel; spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Boscia albitrunca is a medicinal plant widely used in the management of eye related ailments and haemorrhoid diseases. Repeated column fractionation of the n-butanol fraction of a 20% aqueous methanol leaf extract of B. albitrunca on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 columns afforded a phenolic compound identified as martynoside. Structure elucidation of the isolated compound was carried out using spe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.11.005

13. Morpho-histological and bioherbicidal evaluation of wild-type and transformed hairy roots of goosefoot

Author:
Dmitrović, S.; Mitić, N.; Budimir, S.; Janošević, D.; Živković, S.; Skorić, M.; Ninković, S.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 53-61
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Amaranthus retroflexus; Arabidopsis; Capsella bursa-pastoris; Chenopodium murale; Vicia sativa subsp. nigra; allelopathy; antioxidant activity; clones; culture media; enzyme activity; genes; germination; lettuce; natural resource management; phytotoxicity; root exudates; root hairs; seedling growth; weeds; wheat
Abstract:
... Chenopodium murale L. wild-type roots (WR) and hairy roots (HR) exudates have been previously shown to exert allelopathic activity against test plant species lettuce, wheat and Arabidopsis. To further investigate their allelopathic nature, a comparative morpho-histological characterization and total phenolic content (TPC) evaluation were performed. Furthermore, the phytotoxic activity of WR and HR ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.11.002

14. Partial clarification of signaling pathway of taxanes increase biosynthesis by low intensity ultrasound treatment in hazel (Corylus avellana) cells

Author:
Ghanati, Faezeh; Safari, Masoumeh; Hajnorouzi, Abazar
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 65-70
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
biosynthesis; hydroxyl radicals; Corylus avellana; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; hydrogen peroxide; linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase; signal transduction; taxanes; ultrasonic treatment; paclitaxel; culture media
Abstract:
... The formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radicals after exposure of suspension-cultured hazel (Corylus avellana) cells to low intensity ultrasound and role of H2O2 signaling pathway in taxanes biosynthesis was investigated. Formation of reactive oxygen species was observed in the culture medium after sonication with 29KHz continuous ultrasound at 4mW/cm2 intensity for8–40min. Sonicat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.10.012

15. Response of soybean nodules to exogenously applied caffeic acid during NaCl-induced salinity

Author:
Klein, A.; Keyster, M.; Ludidi, N.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 13-18
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
food security; genes; plant response; oxidative stress; malondialdehyde; hydrogen peroxide; oxygen; guanosine; genetic improvement; cyclic GMP; root nodules; sodium chloride; adverse effects; salt stress; biosynthesis; caffeic acid; nitric oxide; salinity; soybeans; nitrogenase
Abstract:
... Caffeic acid acts as an antioxidant to scavenge reactive oxygen species, but its influence on plant responses to abiotic stresses is only partially understood. Here, we investigated the influence of exogenously applied caffeic acid on soybean during NaCl-induced salinity. Exogenously applied caffeic acid reduced the deleterious effects of salinity stress on soybean plants and increased nitric oxid ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.10.016

16. Somaclonal variation among somatic embryo derived plants — Evaluation of agronomically important somaclones and detection of genetic changes by RAPD in Cymbopogon winterianus

Author:
Dey, T.; Saha, S.; Ghosh, P.D.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 112-121
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Cymbopogon winterianus; agronomic traits; citronellal; essential oils; geraniol; leaves; lipid content; random amplified polymorphic DNA technique; screening; somaclonal variation; somatic embryogenesis
Abstract:
... A total of one hundred five plants of Cymbopogon winterianus derived from indirect somatic embryogenesis were established in the field. Extensive somaclonal variation was noticed within these plants for all eight agronomic characters such as plant height, diameter of bush, number of tiller/clump, number of leaves/clump, leaf length, leaf breadth, weight of 100 leaves and oil content in relation to ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.10.010

17. Taxonomic notes on the genus Cocculus (Menispermaceae) in southern Africa

Author:
De Wet, H.; Struwig, M.; Van Wyk, B.-E.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 99-104
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Cocculus; carpels; corolla; ecology; endocarp; geographical distribution; leaves; lianas; male flowers; stamens; stems; Southern Africa
Abstract:
... A review of the genus Cocculus in southern Africa is presented. Two species occur in Africa with only Cocculus hirsutus distributed in southern Africa. This review gives a complete synonymy and a formal description of the species, and the taxon account is supplemented with a detailed geographical distribution record within southern Africa and notes on the ecology and known traditional uses. C. hir ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.10.007

18. The rusts of wild rye in South Africa

Author:
Pretorius, Z.A.; Bender, C.M.; Visser, B.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 94-98
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Puccinia graminis; Puccinia recondita; Puccinia striiformis; Secale cereale; Secale strictum; extinction; farms; internal transcribed spacers; leaf rust; leaves; mountains; pathogens; plateaus; races; rye; stem rust; stripe rust; virulence; wheat; South Africa
Abstract:
... Secale strictum subsp. africanum, a self-fertile and perennial wild rye species, is endemic to the Roggeveld Mountains of the south-western Karoo, South Africa. Despite historical abundance on the Roggeveld plateau, S. strictum subsp. africanum is currently threatened with extinction. Many reasons have been given for its decline, including susceptibility to rusts.Leaves with stem, leaf and stripe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.10.005

19. Two new species of Zygotritonia Mildbr. (Iridaceae: Crocoideae) from eastern tropical Africa with notes on the morphology of the genus

Author:
Goldblatt, P.; Manning, J.C.; Sebsebe Demissew, S.
Source:
South African journal of botany 2015 v.96 pp. 37-41
ISSN:
0254-6299
Subject:
Iridaceae; branches; flowers; highlands; leaves; new species; plateaus; Ethiopia; Guinea; Malawi; Republic of the Congo; Sudan; Tanzania; Zambia
Abstract:
... The tropical African genus Zygotritonia Mildbr., now with six species, extends from the Fouta Djalon highlands of Guinea in West Africa to southern South Sudan, southern Congo, northern Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, and western Ethiopia. Two new species are described: Zygotritonia benishangula Goldblatt & Sebsebe from western Ethiopia has a basal foliage leaf clasping the stem up to the base of the sp ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sajb.2014.11.006