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- Author:
- Hongwane, Phillip; Mitchell, Glen; Kanzler, Arnulf; Verryn, Steven; Lopez, Juan; Chirwa, Paxie
- Source:
- Southern forests 2018 v.80 no.4 pp. 301-310
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Fusarium circinatum; Pinus caribaea; Pinus elliottii; Pinus maximinoi; Pinus oocarpa; Pinus patula; Pinus radiata; Pinus tecunumanii; altitude; cold; forests; freezing; fungi; hybrids; parents; plant improvement; planting; rain; summer; temperate zones; winter; Eswatini; South Africa
- Abstract:
- ... Through the collaborative efforts of companies affiliated with the International Program for Tree Improvement and Conservation (Camcore), a number of pine hybrids have been produced over the last decade. Many of these have been planted in trials across southern Africa that broadly represent winter and summer rainfall areas, with the latter ranging from warm to cold temperate sites. The five-year s ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2017.1393744
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2017.1393744
- Author:
- Swett, Cassandra L; Porter, Bernice; Fourie, Gerda; Steenkamp, Emma T; Gordon, Thomas R; Wingfield, Michael J
- Source:
- Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.3 pp. 161-166
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Briza maxima; DNA; Ehrharta; Fusarium circinatum; Pinus; Pseudotsuga menziesii; disease occurrence; endophytes; forests; fungi; grasses; host range; hosts; inoculum; nucleotide sequences; pathogens; plantations; sanitation; virulence; California; South Africa
- Abstract:
- ... The pitch canker pathogen, Fusarium circinatum , has major impacts on production in pine nurseries and plantations in South Africa. Thus far, efforts to reduce local spread have focused on rouging of infected pines and sanitation to eliminate local sources of inoculum. Although the host range of F. circinatum was thought to be limited to pines and Douglas-fir, recent studies in California indicate ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2014.916087
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2014.916087
- Author:
- Mitchell, R Glen; Wingfield, Michael J; Steenkamp, Emma T; Roux, Jolanda; Verryn, Steven; Coutinho, Teresa A
- Source:
- Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.3 pp. 151-159
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; clones; foresters; forests; greenhouse experimentation; greenhouses; open pollination; pathogens; screening; seedlings; seeds; trees; South Africa
- Abstract:
- ... Since the first appearance of Fusarium circinatum in South Africa in 1990, foresters have been challenged with poor field survival of Pinus patula seedlings at establishment. One of the best long-term solutions is to improve the genetic tolerance of P. patula to infection by the pathogen. Currently, large numbers of families are routinely screened for their tolerance to F. circinatum by infecting ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2014.899061
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2014.899061
- Author:
- Fourie, Gerda; Wingfield, Michael J; Wingfield, Brenda D; Jones, Nicky B; Morris, Andrew R; Steenkamp, Emma T
- Source:
- Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.3 pp. 137-143
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Fusarium circinatum; conidia; dieback; forests; fungicides; inoculum; insect control; mortality; pathogens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; root crown; sanitation; seedlings; shoots
- Abstract:
- ... The primary symptoms associated with Fusarium circinatum infection in pine seedling nurseries are root and collar rot, shoot and tip die-back and seedling mortality. Management of this pathogen in nurseries usually involves the integration of various strategies relating to sanitation, insect control and fungicide treatment. The overall goal of this study was to use quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2014.899058
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2014.899058
- Author:
- Poona, Nitesh K; Ismail, Riyad
- Source:
- Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.1 pp. 29-40
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Fusarium circinatum; Pinus radiata; fungi; image analysis; landscapes; neural networks; plantations; remote sensing; trees; vegetation
- Abstract:
- ... Pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium circinatum, present a serious threat to Pinus radiata plantations. The effective management of infected trees is thus paramount. Coupled with advanced techniques, high spatial resolution remote sensing data provides the necessary tools to effectively identify and map infected trees. This paper explores the utility of transformed high spatial resolution QuickBird ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2012.748255
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2012.748255
- Author:
- Jones, Nicoletta B; Ford, Craig M; Light, Marnie E; Nadel, Ryan L; Greyling, Izette; Fourie, Gerda; Wingfield, Michael J; Morris, Andrew R
- Source:
- Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.3 pp. 125-136
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; forestry; forests; fungi; inoculum; mortality; pathogens; plant establishment; seedlings; water stress; South Africa
- Abstract:
- ... Fusarium circinatum is an important fungal pathogen of Pinus species. In South Africa, it is the most significant pathogen of Pinus patula seedlings in forestry nurseries where it presents a substantial constraint to productivity and can continue to cause mortality in-field for up to two years after establishment. This study describes the results from two trials where P. patula seedlings were inoc ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2014.916503
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2014.916503
- Author:
- Mabaso, Fanelesibonge; Ham, Hannél; Nel, André
- Source:
- Southern forests 2019 v.81 no.3 pp. 273-280
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Fusarium circinatum; Pinus caribaea; Pinus elliottii; Pinus oocarpa; Pinus patula; Pinus tecunumanii; altitude; electrolyte leakage; forest industries; forests; freezing; frost; frost injury; frost resistance; fungi; genotype; hybrids; in vitro studies; interspecific hybridization; laboratory experimentation; mortality; paper; pulp; rain; root cuttings; sawlogs; screening; seedlings; summer; temperature
- Abstract:
- ... Pinus species are widely planted by the South African forestry industry and are utilised for pulp, paper and saw timber products. Historically, Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. was the most widely planted commercial species in the summer rainfall area, but has come under severe threat due to the fungus Fusarium circinatum. Fusarium circinatum causes mortality in nurseries and in-field aft ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2019.1615212
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2019.1615212
- Author:
- Mitchell, RG; Coutinho, TA; Steenkamp, E; Herbert, M; Wingfield, MJ
- Source:
- Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.4 pp. 203-210
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- hybrids; nursery crops; Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; disease control; clones; crossing; softwood; trees; wood properties; planting; seed orchards; seedling production; temperature; cold tolerance; mortality; fungi; South Africa
- Abstract:
- ... Approximately 50% of the area planted to softwood trees in South Africa has been established with Pinus patula, making it the most important pine species in the country. More effort has gone into developing this species for improved growth, tree form and wood properties than with any other species. This substantial investment has been threatened in the last 10 years by the pitch canker fungus, Fus ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2012.741792
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2012.741792
- Author:
- Nel, Andre; Hodge, Gary R; Mongwaketsi, Kgosi E; Kanzler, Arnulf
- Source:
- Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.3 pp. 145-150
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; breeding; crops; forests; fungi; genetic variation; greenhouses; hygiene; mortality; open pollination; screening; seedlings; trees; South Africa; United States
- Abstract:
- ... The pine pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum , has caused large-scale mortality of Pinus patula Schiede & Deppe ex Schltdl. & Cham. crops in South African nurseries. This disease is now managed with strict hygiene practices and mortality in commercial nurseries has been drastically reduced. During the last 10 years, however, the disease started to manifest in the field, impacting on post-plan ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2014.916500
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2014.916500
- Author:
- Herron, Darryl A; Wingfield, Michael J; Fru, Felix; Wingfield, Brenda D; Steenkamp, Emma T
- Source:
- Southern forests 2020 v.82 no.3 pp. 253-262
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; Pinus radiata; administrative management; aggression; forests; fungi; genotype; grasses; inoculum; mating types; nursery stock; pathogens; plantations; planting; quarantine; screening; seedlings; soil; trays; trees; water; South Africa
- Abstract:
- ... Fusarium circinatum L. is an important pathogen in countries that grow and manage Pinus species. Approximately 50% or 600 000 ha of South Africa’s commercial plantations are planted to Pinus spp. and some of these are threatened by this fungus. Contaminated plants, planting trays, soil and water can all act as sources of inoculum. In this study, we considered the role of grasses as a possible sour ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2020.1813649
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2020.1813649
- Author:
- Hongwane, Phillip C; Mitchell, R Glen; Kanzler, Arnulf; Verryn, Steven D; Chirwa, Paxie WC
- Source:
- Southern forests 2017 v.79 no.4 pp. 277-285
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; Pinus tecunumanii; ecotypes; forests; fungi; hybrids; modulus of elasticity; nursery stock; tree growth; trees; South Africa
- Abstract:
- ... Field establishment of South Africa’s most important commercial pine species, Pinus patula, is severely hampered by the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum. Importantly, hybrids between P. patula and other pine species tolerant to the pitch canker fungus, such as P. tecunumanii and P. oocarpa, have been identified as an alternative planting stock. In this study, variation in tree volume and d ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2016.1254899
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2016.1254899
- Author:
- Fru, Felix F; Steenkamp, Emma T; Wingfield, Michael J; Roux, Jolanda
- Source:
- Southern forests 2019 v.81 no.1 pp. 69-78
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; Pinus radiata; alleles; forests; fungal diseases of plants; genetic analysis; genetic markers; genetic recombination; genetic variation; genotype; mating types; plant pathogenic fungi; plantation forestry; plantations; planting; root diseases; seedling diseases; seedlings; trees; South Africa
- Abstract:
- ... The disease known as pitch canker results from infection of Pinus species by the fungus Fusarium circinatum. This fungus also causes a serious root disease of Pinus seedlings and cuttings in forestry nurseries. Pinus radiata and P. patula are especially susceptible to the pathogen, but there are no records of pitch canker on P. patula in established plantations. To date, only planting material of ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2018.1496312
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2018.1496312
- Author:
- Ford, Craig M; Jones, Nicoletta B; Chirwa, Paxie WC
- Source:
- Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.3 pp. 167-175
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; Pinus tecunumanii; bags; bark; forests; growing media; hybrids; hydroponics; mortality; pathogens; sand; vegetative propagation; South Africa
- Abstract:
- ... In response to the Fusarium circinatum pine pathogen threat in southern Africa, research has been conducted on the development of F. circinatum- tolerant P. patula and P. patula hybrids. The objective of this study was to investigate the propagation potential of these taxa in two vegetative propagation systems, hydroponic sand beds and polythene bags with composted pine bark growing medium. Signif ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2014.916501
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2014.916501
- Author:
- Morris, Andrew R; Fourie, Gerda; Greyling, Izette; Steenkamp, Emma T; Jones, Nicoletta B
- Source:
- Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.3 pp. 177-187
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; containers; control methods; crops; discoloration; forests; hygiene; inoculum; mortality; open pollination; pathogens; planting; root systems; sanitation; screening; seedling growth; seedlings; steam; Southern Africa
- Abstract:
- ... Fusarium circinatum is a pathogen causing serious post-planting mortality of Pinus patula seedlings in southern Africa. Containerised planting stock that is asymptomatic but associated with F. circinatum in the nursery is thought to be the cause of this problem. The aim of this study was to determine if re-use of seedling containers could be a source of inoculum resulting in asymptomatic planting ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2014.957491
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2014.957491
- Author:
- Mitchell, RG; Steenkamp, ET; Coutinho, TA; Wingfield, MJ
- Source:
- Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.1 pp. 1-13
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; disease outbreaks; forestry; fungi; mortality; pathogens; plantations; planting; seedlings; softwood; South Africa
- Abstract:
- ... Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker of mature pines and root/collar rot of pine seedlings/cuttings, has resulted in large-scale losses to pine forestry in various parts of the world. The disease caused by this fungus is now regarded as one of the most important threats to pine plantations by a pathogen. Fusarium circinatum was first discovered in South Africa in 1990 where it inf ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2011.574828
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2011.574828
- Author:
- Dvorak, WS
- Source:
- Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.1 pp. 1-6
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Eucalyptus; Fusarium circinatum; Pinus; alleles; climate change; conservation programs; forest industries; forest plantations; fungi; hybrids; insects; open pollination; parks; pest resistance; population size; seedlings; tree breeding; trees; Central America; Mexico; South Africa; South East Asia
- Abstract:
- ... Because of anticipated adverse climatic change and resulting increases in disease and insect attacks in forest plantations in the future, forest industries must maintain broad genetic bases for adaptability and pest resistance. Since the early 1980s, the South African forest industry has obtained genetic material of 25 pine and eucalypt species that represent more than 4 200 trees from 260 natural ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2012.683635
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2012.683635
- Author:
- Mitchell, RG; Wingfield, MJ; Steenkamp, ET; Coutinho, TA
- Source:
- Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.4 pp. 247-252
- ISSN:
- 2070-2639
- Subject:
- Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; clones; fungi; greenhouses; mortality; open pollination; parents; pathogens; pollen; progeny; seedlings; trees; South Africa
- Abstract:
- ... The pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum, has caused large-scale mortality of young Pinus patula Schiede and Deppe ex Schltdl. and Cham. seedlings in nurseries in South Africa since 1990. Diseased seedlings have been inadvertently carried to the field, which in turn have died and has reduced stocking below an acceptable level. Tree breeders have suggested that the only long-term solution to li ...
- DOI:
- 10.2989/20702620.2012.741788
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2012.741788