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1. A comparison of collinearity mitigation techniques used in predicting BLUP breeding values and genetic gains over generations

Author:
K A Eatwell; S D Verryn; C Z Roux; P JM Geerthsen
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.3-4 pp. 155-163
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus grandis; Pinus patula; breeding value; genetic improvement; parents; prediction; progeny; tree breeding
Abstract:
... Collinearity potentially has a negative impact on the prediction of genetic gains in tree breeding programs. This study investigated the reliability and impact of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) using various collinearity mitigation techniques and of two computational numerical precisions on the genetic gains in breeding populations. Multiple-trait, multiple-trial BLUP selection scenarios w ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.639490

2. A single dominant Ganoderma species is responsible for root rot of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus in Sumatra

Author:
M PA Coetzee; B D Wingfield; G D Golani; B Tjahjono; A Gafur; M J Wingfield
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.3-4 pp. 175-180
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Acacia mangium; Eucalyptus; Ganoderma; fruiting; fruiting bodies; pathogens; phylogeny; plantations; root rot; roots; trees; Indonesia
Abstract:
... Ganoderma root rot is the most serious disease affecting commercially planted Acacia mangium in plantations in Indonesia. Numerous Ganoderma spp. have been recorded from diseased trees of this species and to a lesser extent Eucalyptus, causing confusion regarding the primary cause of the disease. In this study, a large collection of Ganoderma isolates were obtained from the roots of A. mangium sho ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.639488

3. A stratification of the South African forestry landscape based on climatic parameters

Author:
JH Louw; I Germishuizen; CW Smith
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.1 pp. 51-62
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
analysis of variance; case studies; climatic factors; databases; decision making; forestry; forests; landscape ecology; landscapes; models; plant physiology; plantations; prediction; risk management; soil surveys; temperature; South Africa
Abstract:
... The benefits of high-resolution forest site classification systems have been widely acknowledged in South Africa as a prerequisite for decision-making in forestry management. Although substantial research and development work have been done on categorising and mapping the soil and geological environment, surprisingly little has been done to improve our understanding of the role of climate in plant ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.574825

4. Air layering and its potential in propagating Uapaca kirkiana: a fruit tree from the miombo woodland, Tanzania

Author:
PP Mwang'ingo; LL Lulandala
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.2 pp. 67-71
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Uapaca kirkiana; air layering; biomass; cost effectiveness; deforestation; forests; fruit trees; indole butyric acid; nutritional status; rearing; rooting; roots; shoots; Tanzania
Abstract:
... The potential to propagate Uapaca kirkiana through air layering was investigated at Igumbilo forest, Tanzania. The objective was to determine the effect of time of setting air layers and use of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to promote rooting. Air layers were initiated on young shoots, 1-to 2-years old, growing on mature trees. After root initiation, they were detached, potted and reared at the nurs ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.610875

5. Biomass harvesting in Eucalyptus plantations in Western Australia

Author:
M R Ghaffariyan; M Brown; M Acuna; J Sessions; M Kuehmaier; J Wiedemann
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.3-4 pp. 149-154
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus; biomass production; energy; fellers; forests; harvesting; harvesting equipment; plantations; regression analysis; trucks; Western Australia
Abstract:
... Australia is at an early stage of exploring the use of forest biomass to generate energy. This study evaluated the biomass yield and the productivity rates of equipment for harvesting biomass in a poor-quality eucalypt plantation. The operation consisted of a tracked feller-buncher, grapple skidder and mobile chipper. Time study methods were used to measure the harvesting operation. A multiple reg ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.639491

6. Biomass production and carbon storage of Populus ×canadensis Guinier I-214 plantations grown at Pogradeci region in Albania

Author:
E Toromani; M Sanxhaku; M Sallaku; E Shaho
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.2 pp. 91-99
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Populus; analysis of variance; biomass production; carbon; carbon sequestration; equations; linear models; plantations; planting; tree and stand measurements; trees; water content; Albania
Abstract:
... Fast-growing plantations of Populus ×canadensis Moench (syn. P. ×euramericana (Dode) Guinier ex Piccarolo) clone I-214 have good potential for biomass production. The objective of the study was estimation of biomass using allometric equations and estimation of carbon allocation according to tree components. The study was carried out in five poplar stands (total area 16.9 ha) in the Pogradeci regio ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.610877

7. Cant sawing log positioning in a sawmill: searching for an optimal solution

Author:
CB Wessels; J de V du Plessis; NH Smit
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.1 pp. 15-22
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
algorithms; sawing; sawmills
Abstract:
... Automated three-dimensional log scanning and positioning systems in a sawmill have a limited time available to reach an optimal positioning solution before primary breakdown sawing starts. In this study a search algorithm (tentacle algorithm) was developed for this task and was empirically evaluated in terms of its ability to find an optimal or close-to-optimal positioning solution in a limited nu ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.576486

8. Critical water stress levels in Pinus patula seedlings and their relation to measures of seedling morphology

Author:
CA Rolando; NW Pammenter; KM Little
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.1 pp. 41-49
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus patula; environmental factors; mortality; plant available water; planting; root growth; roots; seedlings; shoots; soil air; stomatal conductance; stomatal movement; temperature; water potential; water stress
Abstract:
... A pot trial was implemented to determine the effect of soil water stress following transplanting on shoot water potential and stomatal conductance of Pinus patula seedlings. The relationship of seedling morphology to measures of water stress was also investigated. The trial consisted of two watering treatments: a control (no water stress) and a severe water stress (no further water after planting) ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.576481

9. Excavator-based processor operator productivity and cost analysis in Zululand, South Africa

Author:
G Hogg; R Pulkki; P Ackerman
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.2 pp. 109-115
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus grandis; case studies; coastal plains; cost analysis; equipment; harvesting; mechanization; pulpwood; temporal variation; trees; South Africa
Abstract:
... Operator impact on productivity and cost using similar processor machines was addressed in this case study. The study had two objectives: (1) determine the extent of operator productivity variation between six processor operators in a harvesting operation; and (2) determine potential cost implications associated with operator productivity variation. The study was carried out on the Zululand coasta ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.610874

10. Final results from a trial to test the effect of plot size on Eucalyptus hybrid clonal ranking in coastal Zululand, South Africa

Author:
T K Stanger; G M Galloway; E CL Retief
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.3-4 pp. 131-135
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus grandis; clones; genotype; hybrids; prediction; subtropics; trees; uncertainty; South Africa
Abstract:
... Hybrid clones with Eucalyptus grandis as one parent and, generally, E. urophylla as the other parent, are deployed commercially as monoclonal blocks by Sappi in the subtropical region of coastal Zululand, South Africa. In monoclonal blocks genotypes are grown in self-competition. Performance under this scenario may not necessarily correlate well with performance where genotypes are competing for r ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.639492

11. Growth and yield models for Eucalyptus grandis grown in Swaziland

Author:
M du Plessis; H Kotze
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.2 pp. 81-89
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
pulpwood; models; stand density; trees; planting; forest growth; Eucalyptus grandis; stand basal area; Eswatini
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to develop a stand-level growth and yield model for short-rotation Eucalyptus grandis grown for pulp wood production at Piggs Peak in Swaziland. The data were derived from a Nelder 1a spacing trial established with E. grandis clonal cuttings in 1998 and terminated in 2005. Planting density ranged from almost free-growing trees established at 161 trees ha⁻¹ to extremely de ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.610873

12. Improving harvester estimates of bark thickness for radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don)

Author:
M Strandgard; D Walsh
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.2 pp. 101-108
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus radiata; Pinus sylvestris; bark; data collection; harvesters; models; prediction; tree and stand measurements; trees
Abstract:
... Harvesters estimate bark thickness primarily from diameter over bark (DOB) and use it to estimate log volume and value. Harvester bark thickness estimation errors can reduce returns through poor bucking optimisation and out-of-specification logs. Radiata pine bark thickness data from harvested logs and permanent sample plots (PSP) were analysed to determine best-fit coefficients for current and po ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.610876

13. Lasiodiplodia species associated with dying Euphorbia ingens in South Africa

Author:
J A van der Linde; D L Six; M J Wingfield; J Roux
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.3-4 pp. 165-173
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Botryosphaeriaceae; DNA; Euphorbia; death; fungi; genes; internal transcribed spacers; pathogenicity; pathogens; trees; South Africa
Abstract:
... Various species of Euphorbia occur in South Africa, including herbaceous, succulent and woody types. The largest of the succulent Euphorbia spp. in South Africa is Euphorbia ingens. These trees have been dying at an alarming rate in the Limpopo province during the course of the last 15 years. Investigations into the possible causes of the death have included the possible role of fungal pathogens. ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.639499

14. Low genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation among severely fragmented populations of the critically endangered tree Talbotiella gentii (Fabaceae)

Author:
D Dompreh; MD Swaine; A Price
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.2 pp. 73-80
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
DNA; Talbotiella; correspondence analysis; extinction; gene flow; genetic drift; genetic variation; inbreeding; indigenous species; provenance; random amplified polymorphic DNA technique; trees; Ghana
Abstract:
... The genetic diversity among 17 populations (including 10 newly discovered) of Talbotiella gentii (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae), a rare tree species endemic to Ghana, was assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A total of 80 polymorphic bands were generated from eight primers and analysed by cluster and correspondence analysis. This showed a clear distinction between populations, wit ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.610778

15. Measurement of cellulose content, Kraft pulp yield and basic density in eucalypt woodmeal using multisite and multispecies near infra-red spectroscopic calibrations

Author:
G M Downes; R Meder; H Bond; N Ebdon; C Hicks; C Harwood
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.3-4 pp. 181-186
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus; cellulose; data collection; kraft pulp; prediction; spectroscopy; variance; wood; wood chips; wood density
Abstract:
... Previous descriptions of multisite and multispecies near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopic calibrations for predicting cellulose content (CC) and Kraft pulp yield (KPY) in eucalypt woodmeal demonstrated that large, single calibrations provide precise predictions for a wide range of sites and species. These have since been used in a range of published studies. Their value lies in low-cost, fast analyti ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.639489

16. Nutrient fluxes in rainfall, throughfall and stemflow in Eucalyptus stands on the Zululand coastal plain, South Africa

Author:
S B Dovey; B du Toit; W de Clercq
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.3-4 pp. 193-206
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus; calcium; canopy; cation exchange; coastal plains; drainage; dry deposition; forest plantations; harvesting; magnesium; nitrogen; nitrogen content; nutrients; potassium; rain; stemflow; throughfall; trees; South Africa
Abstract:
... Atmospheric deposition was assessed at two sites over a four-year period in post-canopy-closure (mature) Eucalyptus stands in the northern Dukuduku and southern KwaMbonambi commercial plantation forestry areas of Zululand, South Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and relevance of nutrient addition with rainfall, throughfall and stemflow to commercial forestry in this regi ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.639506

17. Pruning quality affects infection of Acacia mangium and A. crassicarpa by Ceratocystis acaciivora and Lasiodiplodia theobromae

Author:
M Tarigan; M J Wingfield; M van Wyk; B Tjahjono; J Roux
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.3-4 pp. 187-191
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Acacia mangium; Ceratocystis; bark; biological resistance; fungi; pathogens; plantations; pruning; stems; trees; Indonesia
Abstract:
... Pruning (singling) is a common silvicultural practice in commercial Acacia plantations because these trees tend to have multiple stems. The wounds resulting from pruning are susceptible to infection by pathogens. Ceratocystis acaciivora and Lasiodiplodia theobromae have been shown recently to be important pathogens of A. mangium in Indonesia, where they are commonly associated with wounds on trees ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.639498

18. The effect of anthropogenic disturbances on population structure and regeneration of Scorodophloeus fischeri and Manilkara sulcata in coastal forests of Tanzania

Author:
C Mligo; HVM Lyaruu; HJ Ndangalasi
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.1 pp. 33-40
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Manilkara; Scorodophloeus; anthropogenic activities; coastal forests; hardwood; humans; indigenous species; natural regeneration; plant communities; population structure; seedlings; threatened species; tree and stand measurements; trees; Tanzania
Abstract:
... Scorodophloeus fischeri (Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinoideae) and Manilkara sulcata (Sapotaceae) are examples of tropical African hardwood species and are endemic to East African coastal forests. These plant species are threatened by human activities beyond natural recovery in some forests. This study aimed to assess the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the natural regeneration potential of ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.574830

19. The flexural properties of young Pinus elliottii x Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis timber from the Southern Cape and their prediction from acoustic measurements

Author:
C B Wessels; G P Dowse; H C Smit
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.3-4 pp. 137-147
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis; Pinus elliottii; acoustics; bending strength; lumber; prediction; trees; South Africa
Abstract:
... The objectives of this study were to determine the bending strength and stiffness properties of young Pinus elliottii x P. caribaea var. hondurensis timber from the Southern Cape, South Africa, and to evaluate the predictability of these properties from acoustic measurements on standing trees, logs and their sawn boards. The timber has good bending strength (MOR) properties but the mean stiffness ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.640427

20. The pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum: implications for South African forestry

Author:
RG Mitchell; ET Steenkamp; TA Coutinho; MJ Wingfield
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.1 pp. 1-13
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; disease outbreaks; forestry; fungi; mortality; pathogens; plantations; planting; seedlings; softwood; South Africa
Abstract:
... Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker of mature pines and root/collar rot of pine seedlings/cuttings, has resulted in large-scale losses to pine forestry in various parts of the world. The disease caused by this fungus is now regarded as one of the most important threats to pine plantations by a pathogen. Fusarium circinatum was first discovered in South Africa in 1990 where it inf ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.574828

21. The potential of remote sensing technology for the detection and mapping of Thaumastocoris peregrinus in plantation forests

Author:
Z Oumar; O Mutanga
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.1 pp. 23-31
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus; canopy; color; death; forest damage; forest plantations; forest yields; forests; insects; leaves; monitoring; remote sensing; scanners; trees
Abstract:
... Thaumastocoris peregrinus is a sap-sucking insect that feeds on eucalyptus leaves. It poses a major threat to the forest sector by reducing the photosynthetic ability of the tree, resulting in stunted growth and even death of severely infested trees. The foliage of the tree infested with T. peregrinus is usually seen to turn a reddish brown colour starting at the northern side of the canopy but pr ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.574814

22. Variation in seed rain from Widdringtonia whytei growing in different conditions on Mulanje Mountain in Malawi

Author:
T F Chanyenga; C J Geldenhuys; J Harvey
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.3-4 pp. 123-129
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
forest litter; forests; habitat fragmentation; habitats; landscapes; seed dispersal; seed trees; seeds; Malawi
Abstract:
... Mulanje Mountain is one of the examples of tropical montane landscapes with plant populations varying in size from small fragments of less than 1 ha to riverine strips and stands of more than 100 ha. Seed availability is a potential limiting factor in vegetation recovery in such landscapes. Field observation on seed rain and seed limitation was conducted in 2008 and 2009 in three sizes of forest f ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.639484

23. Vermicompost leachate improves seedling emergence and vigour of aged seeds of commercially grown Eucalyptus species

Author:
LS Kandari; MG Kulkarni; J van Staden
Source:
Southern forests 2011 v.73 no.2 pp. 117-122
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus; earthworms; fertilizers; growth performance; microorganisms; nutrients; organic matter; plant growth substances; seedling emergence; seedlings; seeds; sowing; vigor
Abstract:
... Vermicompost leachate (VCL) is a liquid generated by earthworms and microorganisms during the conversion of organic matter into vermicompost. Vermicompost leachate is rich in nutrients and believed to contain both known and unknown plant growth substances, which are beneficial to plants. Four-year-old seeds (artificially aged) of Eucalyptus dunnii, E. nitens and E. smithii were subjected to VCL at ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2011.610923

24. An allometric equation for estimating stem biomass of Acacia auriculiformis in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh

Author:
Jiban Chandra Deb; Md. Abdul Halim; Enam Ahmed
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.2 pp. 103-113
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Acacia auriculiformis; autocorrelation; biomass; carbon sinks; data collection; equations; forests; linear models; t-test; trees; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... Tree biomass plays an important role in sustainable management and in estimating forest carbon stocks. The objective of this study was to select the best model for measuring stem biomass of Acacia auriculiformis in the study area. Data from five hillocks and 120 individual trees from each hillock were used in this study. Twelve different forms of linear, power and exponential equations were compar ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.701429

25. Can early thinning and pruning lessen the impact of pine plantations on beetle and ant diversity in the Patagonian steppe?

Author:
JC Corley; JM Villacide; M Vesterinen
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.3 pp. 195-202
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Coleoptera; Pinus; arid zones; canopy; grazing; habitats; insects; pitfall traps; plantations; pruning; sheep; species diversity; steppes; vegetation cover; Argentina
Abstract:
... Pine plantations are thought to negatively impact species diversity and to irreversibly modify arid zones. However, some studies have suggested that through the application of appropriate management practices, the negative impacts of plantations may be reduced. Our aim was to study the effects of early pruning and thinning on the ground-dwelling insects found in pine tree plantations in Patagonia. ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.722837

26. Coarse root–shoot allometry of Pinus radiata modified by site conditions in the Western Cape province of South Africa

Author:
H Pretzsch; P Biber; E Uhl; P Hense
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.4 pp. 237-246
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus pinaster; Pinus radiata; adults; allometry; carbon sequestration; dendrochronology; ecosystems; fine roots; forests; growth rings; models; mortality; root growth; shoots; water stress; South Africa
Abstract:
... The relationship between root and shoot growth and how it is modified by chronic or episodic drought stress is so far not well understood. Allometric partitioning theory (APT) supposes a constant root–shoot allometry. Optimal partitioning theory (OPT) assumes that plants’ root growth is enhanced under water limitation. However, recent studies show that fine and coarse roots react differently. This ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.741794

27. Comparing normal, lognormal and Weibull distributions for fitting diameter data from Akashmoni plantations in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh

Author:
I Kayes; JC Deb; P Comeau; S Das
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.3 pp. 175-181
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Acacia auriculiformis; plantations; probability; stand structure; tree and stand measurements; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... Statistical probability density functions are widely used to model tree diameter distributions and to describe stand structure. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of normal, logarithmic-normal and three-parameter Weibull distributions for fitting diameter data from Akashmoni (Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth.) plantations grown in the north-eastern region of Banglade ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.717409

28. Comparisons between laboratory and field results of frost tolerance of pines from the southern USA and Mesoamerica planted as exotics

Author:
GR Hodge; WS Dvorak; ME Tighe
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.1 pp. 7-17
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis; autumn; climatic factors; electrolytes; freezing; frost resistance; genetic variation; growth chambers; hybrids; introduced species; latitude; photoperiod; planting; progeny; seedlings; temperature; trees; Brazil; Central America; Mexico; South Africa; United States
Abstract:
... An artificial freezing study was conducted with 14 pine species and varieties from Mexico and Central America, and the southern and western USA. The pines chosen represented major commercial plantation species in the Southern Hemisphere such as Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, P. taeda (multiple sources), P. patula and P. radiata, as well as promising species such as P. greggii, P. maximinoi and P ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.683637

29. Determining the effect of tree size, bark-wood bond strength and tree form on the productivity of an excavator-based harvester in Acacia mearnsii in the KwaZulu-Natal forestry region of South Africa

Author:
M Ramantswana; A McEwan; J Pauw
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.3 pp. 151-157
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Acacia mearnsii; harvesting; tree and stand measurements; trees; South Africa
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tree size, bark-wood bond strength and tree form on the productivity of cut-to-length harvesting of Acacia mearnsii, using an excavator-based harvester with a SP Maskiner harvester head in the KwaZulu-Natal forestry region of South Africa. Tree diameter and height measurements were used to determine individual tree volumes, after which the trees ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.722823

30. Development of site index curves for Pinus kesiya in the Philippines

Author:
RIC Lumbres; YJ Lee; YO Seo; FG Calora
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.2 pp. 115-120
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus kesiya; forests; growth models; managers; prediction; site index; Philippines
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to develop a height–age growth model and site index curves for site quality evaluation of old secondary-growth stands of Pinus kesiya in the northern Philippines. The Chapman-Richards growth function was used in the guide curve method to generate anamorphic site index curves for this species. In order to evaluate the developed model, coefficient of determination (R²), root ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.701441

31. Establishment of a Nothofagus alessandrii plantation using different levels of shade and weed control methods in Talca province, central Chile

Author:
R Santelices; F Drake; RM Navarro-Cerrillo
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.1 pp. 71-76
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Nothofagus; biomass; control methods; leaf area; leaves; mulching; netting; plantations; planting; plastics; seedlings; shade; weed control; Chile
Abstract:
... There is a lack of information regarding the establishment of Nothofagus alessandrii plantations, including any impacts that shading and weed control may have on early survival and growth. A trial was therefore initiated where four shade levels (0% and Rachel® plastic net of 50%, 65%, and 80%) and two weed control methods (chemical and mulching) were tested. Three years after establishment, signif ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.686215

32. Evaluation of flooding tolerance in cuttings of Populus clones used for forestation at the Paraná River Delta, Argentina

Author:
VMC Luquez; FG Achinelli; S Cortizo
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.1 pp. 61-70
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
river deltas; stomatal conductance; greenhouses; parents; breeding; cluster analysis; electron transfer; adventitious roots; clones; leaf area; photosynthesis; soil; growth retardation; catfish; planting; Populus; flooding tolerance; leaves; container-grown plants; Argentina
Abstract:
... We analysed the responses to flooding of 14 poplar clones used for forestation at the Paraná River Delta, Argentina. Some are commercial clones planted in the area, and others belong to a poplar breeding program from the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) in Argentina. Potted plants of 60 cm high growing in a greenhouse were watered (control) or submerged in water 10 cm above soi ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.686214

33. Fibre volume losses of eight softwood clearfell harvesting systems in South Africa

Author:
P Ackerman; R Pulkki
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.2 pp. 133-149
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
felling; harvesting; income; issues and policy; lumber; opportunity costs; softwood; stumps; trees; wood utilization; South Africa
Abstract:
... A study of both fibre volume loss and related opportunity cost was performed across the South African softwood sawtimber industry to gain information on the actual utilisation of useful fibre and potential loss or gain of opportunity in terms of potential revenue from both field practices and policy. The study quantified volume losses from high stumps, felling and crosscut saw kerf, log allowances ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.701412

34. Future outlook for Pinus patula in South Africa in the presence of the pitch canker fungus (Fusarium circinatum)

Author:
RG Mitchell; TA Coutinho; E Steenkamp; M Herbert; MJ Wingfield
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.4 pp. 203-210
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
hybrids; nursery crops; Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; disease control; clones; crossing; softwood; trees; wood properties; planting; seed orchards; seedling production; temperature; cold tolerance; mortality; fungi; South Africa
Abstract:
... Approximately 50% of the area planted to softwood trees in South Africa has been established with Pinus patula, making it the most important pine species in the country. More effort has gone into developing this species for improved growth, tree form and wood properties than with any other species. This substantial investment has been threatened in the last 10 years by the pitch canker fungus, Fus ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.741792

35. Genotypic variation in response to low boron in eucalypt clones

Author:
S Konsaeng; N Sritharathikhun; S Lordkaew; B Dell; B Rerkasem
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.3 pp. 159-166
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus camaldulensis; adverse effects; boron; clones; genotype; nutrition; plant growth; plantations; planting; soil; tropics; wood; wood fibers
Abstract:
... Eucalypts are increasingly important in the tropics for meeting growing demand for timber, wood chips, paper pulp and biofuel. Many new plantations are planted on low boron (B) soils, with adverse effects on plant growth and productivity. Two experiments in sand culture with different levels of added B, from 0 to 10 μM B, examined the effect of B deficiency on growth, wood yield and morphology of ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.717383

36. Growth potential and genetic parameters of four Mesoamerican pines planted in the Southern Hemisphere

Author:
GR Hodge; WS Dvorak
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.1 pp. 27-49
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus tecunumanii; genetic correlation; genetic improvement; genetic variation; growth traits; heritability; planting; progeny; provenance; tree and stand measurements; tree breeding; Brazil; Colombia; South Africa
Abstract:
... Summary results are reported from a total of 319 provenance/progeny tests of Pinus tecunumanii, P. maximinoi, P. patula and P. greggii that were established on sites in Brazil, Colombia and South Africa. Tests were measured for the growth traits height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and volume at ages 3, 5 and 8 years. At a particular age, correlations among height, DBH and volume were very high ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.686192

37. Local community perception of joint forest management and its implications for forest condition: the case of Dambwa Forest Reserve in southern Zambia

Author:
M Phiri; PW Chirwa; S Watts; S Syampungani
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.1 pp. 51-59
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Baikiaea plurijuga; Colophospermum mopane; Pterocarpus angolensis; burning; community service; forest management; forest reserves; forest trees; forests; harvesting; livelihood; natural regeneration; people; saplings; socioeconomic status; stems; Zambia
Abstract:
... This study conducted at Dambwa Forest Reserve in Livingstone, Zambia, evaluated the perception of local people about joint management of the forest reserve in the area and if there had been improvements to the livelihoods of the community and the ecological condition of the forest following joint forest management (JFM). Generally, more people (68%) participated in joint forestry management meetin ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.686203

38. Low light availability affects leaf gas exchange, growth and survival of Euterpe edulis seedlings transplanted into the understory of an anthropic tropical rainforest

Author:
MLS dos Santos; S França; FP Gomes; JL do Nascimento; L dos Anjos Silva; MS Mielke
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.3 pp. 167-174
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Euterpe edulis; agroforestry; biomass; canopy; carbon; gas exchange; leaf area; leaves; light intensity; microclimate; photosynthesis; planting; pruning; respiratory rate; seedlings; tree crown; trees; tropical rain forests; understory
Abstract:
... Euterpe edulis Mart. (Arecaceae) is a threatened palm tree of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest understory with fundamental importance for the restoration of degraded forest environments. We assessed the leaf gas exchange, growth and survival of E. edulis seedlings transplanted at three different forest sites (S1, S2 and S3) in the same area in which cocoa trees had been cultivated in a rustic agr ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.722833

39. Machine productivity and residual harvesting residues associated with a cut-to-length harvest system in southern Tasmania

Author:
MR Ghaffariyan; J Sessions; M Brown
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.4 pp. 229-235
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus radiata; biomass; energy use and consumption; equipment; harvesting; logging; models; planning; plantations; prediction; pulp; stemwood; Tasmania
Abstract:
... The cut-to-length method is a preferred method for harvest of pine plantations in Australia. The cut-to-length method studied in southern Tasmania consists of a feller-buncher, processor, forwarder, grapple loader and tractortrailers that were producing only pulp logs for the plantation owner Norske Skog. An elemental time study method was applied to evaluate the productivity of the machines withi ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.741770

40. Participatory forestry in Bangladesh: has it helped to increase the livelihoods of Sal forests-dependent people?

Author:
KK Islam; N Sato
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.2 pp. 89-101
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
capital; forestry; forests; livelihood; people; poverty; social capital; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... The government of Bangladesh has placed the utmost priority on participatory forestry (PF) since the 1980s, and this approach was commenced in the degraded Sal forest areas through a donor-funded project in 1989. These forest reforms aim to eliminate the main causes of forest depletion as well as alleviate poverty through the participation of local people, who depend on the forests for their livel ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.701434

41. Performance of two Pinus patula hybrids in southern Africa

Author:
A Kanzler; K Payn; A Nel
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.1 pp. 19-25
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus patula; Pinus tecunumanii; drought tolerance; fungi; hybrids; planting; Southern Africa
Abstract:
... Two Pinus patula hybrids, P. greggii × P. patula and P. patula × P. tecunumanii, were planted across a number of sites in southern Africa. The growth and survival for each species/taxon was assessed at either 5 or 8 years of age at each site and compared to the respective parental species. Pinus greggii, as a pure species, has greater drought tolerance and is better adapted to harsher sites than P ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.683639

42. Potential of Phytophthora pinifolia to spread via sawn green lumber: a preliminary investigation

Author:
R Ahumada; A Rotella; B Slippers; MJ Wingfield
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.4 pp. 211-216
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Phytophthora; Pinus radiata; inoculum; lumber; pathogens; plantations; polymerase chain reaction; selective media; shoots; trees; wood; Chile
Abstract:
... Phytophthora pinifolia causes the needle and shoot disease of Pinus radiata in Chile known as Daño Foliar del Pino. Although P. pinifolia is primarily a needle pathogen, there are concerns that it might be spread to new environments via the export of contaminated timber. In order to determine whether P. pinifolia can enter or persist in green sawn lumber, its presence in lumber produced from trees ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.717381

43. Response of Ocotea bullata, Curtisia dentata and Rapanea melanophloeos to medicinal bark stripping in the southern Cape, South Africa: implications for sustainable use

Author:
WJ Vermeulen; CJ Geldenhuys; KJ Esler
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.3 pp. 183-193
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Ocotea; Rapanea; bark; forests; fungi; harvesting; insects; periderm; regrowth; summer; traditional medicine; tree classes; trees; winter; South Africa
Abstract:
... Tree bark is commonly used for traditional medicine in southern Africa and further afield. Increasing demand and commercialisation have resulted in the overexploitation of many species, posing a major challenge to forest managers to develop mechanisms for sustainable resource use. An experimental bark harvesting research project was initiated in the southern Cape, South Africa, to inform best prac ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.717384

44. Selection of Corymbia citriodora for pulp productivity

Author:
JT Brawner; R Meder; M Dieters; DJ Lee
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.2 pp. 121-131
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Corymbia citriodora; Eucalyptus; breeding; genetic correlation; genetic improvement; genotype-environment interaction; prediction; progeny; provenance; pulp; pulpwood; subtropics; wood density; Queensland
Abstract:
... Evaluation of a series of spotted gum (Corymbia citirodora) progeny trials, established in the subtropical region of Queensland, Australia, was undertaken to provide information for the development of advanced-generation breeding populations suitable for pulp production. Measurements of growth at two ages were combined with assessments of wood density and pulp yield from a selected sample of prove ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.701418

45. Site quality assessment of a Pinus radiata plantation in Victoria, Australia, using LiDAR technology

Author:
Y Chen; X Zhu
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.4 pp. 217-227
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus radiata; canopy; equations; forests; lidar; models; plantations; site index; tree crown; trees; watersheds; Victoria (Australia)
Abstract:
... The aim of site quality assessment of Pinus radiata plantations is to determine the quality and productivity of the growing stock at different sites. It provides a useful indication of the site productivity to assist in the allocation of optimum thinning and fertiliser regimes and the scheduling of silvicultural operations. The predominant stand height (PDH) at a specific reference age, also known ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.741767

46. Stem biomass and volume models of selected tropical tree species in West Africa

Author:
GHS Guendehou; A Lehtonen; M Moudachirou; R Mäkipää; B Sinsin
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.2 pp. 77-88
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Afzelia africana; Anogeissus; Ceiba pentandra; Dialium; Diospyros; Tectona grandis; Verbenaceae; ash content; biomass production; carbon; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; climate change; equations; forest resources; models; nitrogen; nondestructive methods; organic matter; plantations; prediction; rain forests; trees; tropical forests; wood density; Western Africa
Abstract:
... Estimating tree volume and biomass constitutes an essential part of the forest resources assessment and the evaluation of the climate change mitigation potential of forests through biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration. This research article provides stem volume and biomass equations applicable to five tree species, namely Afzelia africana Sm. (Caesalpiniaceae), Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.701432

47. The strategic importance of applied tree conservation programs to the forest industry in South Africa

Author:
WS Dvorak
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.1 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus; Fusarium circinatum; Pinus; alleles; climate change; conservation programs; forest industries; forest plantations; fungi; hybrids; insects; open pollination; parks; pest resistance; population size; seedlings; tree breeding; trees; Central America; Mexico; South Africa; South East Asia
Abstract:
... Because of anticipated adverse climatic change and resulting increases in disease and insect attacks in forest plantations in the future, forest industries must maintain broad genetic bases for adaptability and pest resistance. Since the early 1980s, the South African forest industry has obtained genetic material of 25 pine and eucalypt species that represent more than 4 200 trees from 260 natural ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.683635

48. Tolerance of Pinus patula full-sib families to Fusarium circinatum in a greenhouse study

Author:
RG Mitchell; MJ Wingfield; ET Steenkamp; TA Coutinho
Source:
Southern forests 2012 v.74 no.4 pp. 247-252
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; clones; fungi; greenhouses; mortality; open pollination; parents; pathogens; pollen; progeny; seedlings; trees; South Africa
Abstract:
... The pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum, has caused large-scale mortality of young Pinus patula Schiede and Deppe ex Schltdl. and Cham. seedlings in nurseries in South Africa since 1990. Diseased seedlings have been inadvertently carried to the field, which in turn have died and has reduced stocking below an acceptable level. Tree breeders have suggested that the only long-term solution to li ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.741788

49. A comparison between excavator-based harvester productivity in coppiced and planted Eucalyptus grandis compartments in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Author:
Muedanyi Ramantswana; Andrew McEwan; Jaap Steenkamp
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.4 pp. 239-246
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus grandis; forestry equipment; forests; harvesters; harvesting; labor; mechanization; planting; pulpwood; regrowth; stem form; stems; trees; South Africa
Abstract:
... Due to the labour challenges in South Africa, mechanised forestry equipment has increasingly been required to operate in complex forest conditions – such as coppiced Eucalyptus compartments – where they have not operated before. For this reason, harvesters are either used in certain coppiced compartments with uncertain productivity expectations, or harvesters are not used in these compartments due ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.858213

50. A model to predict productivity of different chipping operations

Author:
Mohammad R Ghaffariyan; Raffaele Spinelli; Mark Brown
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.3 pp. 129-136
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
biomass; case studies; equations; feeding methods; harvesting; models; prediction; pulp; trees; wood; Australia; Italy; North America; South America
Abstract:
... The chipping operation is an important component of harvesting systems producing biomass and pulp chips. This paper aimed to develop a valid model to predict the productivity of chipping as part of these operations. Over a number of years more than 200 different time studies were conducted on chipping operations in Italy and Australia. Multiple regressions and backward stepwise data analysis metho ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.816233

51. A review of management impacts on the soil productivity of South African commercial forestry plantations and the implications for multiple-rotation productivity

Author:
Louis Titshall; Steven Dovey; Diana Rietz
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.4 pp. 169-183
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
biomass; forestry; forests; mechanization; monitoring; plantations; soil; soil productivity
Abstract:
... An overview of southern African research that has investigated the impact of management practices that can potentially affect the long-term site productivity of plantations is presented, with an emphasis of these impacts on soil productivity and with the implications for multiple-rotation site productivity. Activities that are most likely to cause long-term changes in soil productivity are identif ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.858210

52. Confirmation of cytotype stability in autotetraploid black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) trees using flow cytometry and size differences of the reproductive gametes

Author:
Sascha L Beck-Pay
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.1 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Acacia mearnsii; bark; colchicine; crossing; diploidy; field experimentation; flow cytometry; forest industries; germ cells; leaves; ovules; progeny; seed set; seeds; soaking; tetraploidy; trees; triploidy; South Africa
Abstract:
... Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) is grown commercially in South Africa for its timber and bark. However, the invasive nature of the species has resulted in it being considered an alien invader and for this reason research has been aimed at producing a sterile triploid variety that would be highly desirable for the South African commercial forestry industry. Tetraploids were successfully induced by s ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.743763

53. Developing allometric equations for estimating leaf area and leaf biomass of Artocarpus chaplasha in Raghunandan Hill Reserve, Bangladesh

Author:
Swapan Kumar Sarker; Niamjit Das; Md Qumruzzaman Chowdhury; Md Mohasinul Haque
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.1 pp. 51-57
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Artocarpus; biomass; carbon; data collection; equations; growth models; leaf area; leaves; linear models; prediction; t-test; tree and stand measurements; tree growth; trees; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... Estimation of leaf area (LA) and leaf biomass (LB) is important to understand plant physiological and carbon assimilation processes, and tree growth models. The aim of this study was to develop and compare allometric equations for predicting LA and LB of Artocarpus chaplasha Roxb. taking diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height as predictors. Data of tree parameters were collected randomly ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.773601

54. Development and validation of stem volume models for Pinus kesiya in Benguet province, Philippines

Author:
Roscinto Ian C Lumbres; Young Jin Lee
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.3 pp. 123-128
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus kesiya; data collection; equations; forests; models; prediction; statistics; trees; Philippines
Abstract:
... Stem volume equations (overbark) were developed, using established volume equation forms, and validated using a subset of the data collected for Pinus kesiya in Benguet province, Philippines. A total of 481 trees from Pinus kesiya stands in Benguet were measured through non-destructive sampling. The data set was randomly split into two subsets for initial model development (80% of the data set) an ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.809637

55. Discriminating the occurrence of pitch canker fungus in Pinus radiata trees using QuickBird imagery and artificial neural networks

Author:
Nitesh K Poona; Riyad Ismail
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.1 pp. 29-40
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Fusarium circinatum; Pinus radiata; fungi; image analysis; landscapes; neural networks; plantations; remote sensing; trees; vegetation
Abstract:
... Pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium circinatum, present a serious threat to Pinus radiata plantations. The effective management of infected trees is thus paramount. Coupled with advanced techniques, high spatial resolution remote sensing data provides the necessary tools to effectively identify and map infected trees. This paper explores the utility of transformed high spatial resolution QuickBird ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.748255

56. Early growth results of three Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus nitens hybrid clonal trials and their response to snow events

Author:
Iain M Thompson
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.4 pp. 185-188
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
risk; snow damage; hybrids; winter; Eucalyptus nitens; tree and stand measurements; clones; climate change; snow; trees; planting; Eucalyptus grandis; stand basal area; forests; South Africa
Abstract:
... Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus nitens (G×N) hybrid clones are selected to combine complimentary characteristics of E. nitens and E. grandis . G×N hybrid clones also have the potential to increase growth rates and provide adaptability to a changing climate. A series of three trials planted across a range of high-productivity, mid-altitude sites in the KwaZulu-Natal midlands was established to test ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.820446

57. Effect of shading and fertilisation on the development of container-grown Nothofagus glauca seedlings, a threatened species from central Chile

Author:
Rómulo Santelices; Sergio Espinoza; Antonio Cabrera Ariza; Karen Peña-Rojas; Sergio R Donoso
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.3 pp. 145-148
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Nothofagus; growing season; netting; roots; seedlings; shade; slow-release fertilizers; threatened species; trees; Chile
Abstract:
... Nothofagus glauca is an endemic tree of the Mediterranean zone of Chile and is a threatened species. Currently, available information for the propagation and nursery cultivation of this species is conspicuously lacking. This study examined the effect of four levels of shade (18%, 35%, 65% and 80% with Raschel® plastic net) and four rates of slow-release fertiliser (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 g l⁻¹ of Bas ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.816234

58. Effects of irregular stand structure on tree growth, crown extension and branchiness of plantation-grown Pinus patula

Author:
Simon A Ackerman; Pierre A Ackerman; Thomas Seifert
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.4 pp. 247-256
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus patula; branches; felling; forests; growth retardation; risk; sawlogs; silviculture; stand structure; tree growth; trees; wood quality; South Africa
Abstract:
... The practice of combining row and selective thinning in commercial pine plantation silviculture carries the risk of unwanted irregularities in tree distribution, a situation that is aggravated when tree selection during marking is poor. The potential consequences of poor tree selection are accentuated by gaps along row removal. This leads to spatially asymmetric growing space to adjacent trees. Th ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.846722

59. Efficiency of inventory plot patterns in quantitative analysis of vegetation: a case study of tropical woodland and dense forest in Benin

Author:
Valère K Salako; Romain L Glele Kakaï; Achille E Assogbadjo; Belarmain Fandohan; Marcel Houinato; Rodolphe Palm
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.3 pp. 137-143
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
quantitative analysis; tree and stand measurements; trees; forest inventory; case studies; stand basal area; databases; forests; Benin
Abstract:
... The main issue in forest inventory is the reliability of data collected, which depends on the shape and size of inventoried plots. There is also a need for harmonisation of inventoried plot patterns in West Africa. This study focused on the impact of plot patterns on the quantitative analysis of two vegetation types of West Africa based on case studies from Benin. Twenty and fifteen plots of 1 ha ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.816232

60. Genetic characterisation of a Eucalyptus nitens base breeding population in South Africa

Author:
Tammy-L Swain; Steve D Verryn; Mark D Laing
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.3 pp. 155-167
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Coniothyrium; Eucalyptus nitens; breeding; genetic correlation; genetic improvement; genotype; heritability; provenance; rain; statistical analysis; summer; tree and stand measurements; New South Wales; South Africa
Abstract:
... The measurement and statistical analysis of data from eight Eucalyptus nitens trials, established in the summer rainfall forestry region of South Africa during the 1980s and 1990s, have enabled the characterisation of the Institute for Commercial Forestry Research's breeding population. Provenance testing showed that the more northerly New South Wales (Australia) Eucalyptus nitens provenances of B ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.823717

61. Global forest research, science education and community service positively impacted by a unique Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology

Author:
Emma T Steenkamp; Michael J Wingfield
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.2 pp. 71-80
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
biodiversity; biotechnology; climate change; community service; ecosystems; forest industries; forests; indigenous species; research and development; science education; stakeholders; tourism; trade; trees; South Africa
Abstract:
... Despite their importance in ecosystems and biodiversity, very little is known about the health of trees in the native environments of South Africa. The vision and primary goal of the Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB) is therefore to promote the health of native trees by making use of biotechnology. In this paper, we use the CTHB as an example to explore the positive impacts ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.800757

62. Growth models based on radial increment observations for eight pine species in Angola

Author:
Cristobal Delgado-Matas; Timo Pukkala
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.1 pp. 19-27
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus pseudostrobus; growth models; highlands; personal development; planning; plantations; stand characteristics; trees; Angola
Abstract:
... Growth models for the Central Highlands of Angola were developed in this study for Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl., P. kesiya Royle ex Gordon, P. devoniana Lindl., P. chiapensis (Martinez) Andresen, P. elliottii Engelm., P. greggii Engelm. ex Parl., P. montezumae Lamb. and P. oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl. for simulating the development of stand characteristics. The model set included dominant height, ind ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.743766

63. Growth potential of Eucalyptus cypellocarpa as an alternative species for the mid-altitude summer rainfall region of South Africa

Author:
Christopher Komakech; Tammy-L Swain; Annabel Fossey
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.3 pp. 149-154
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
subtropics; trees; summer; paper pulp; Eucalyptus cypellocarpa; stems; tree and stand measurements; clones; genotype; planting; Eucalyptus grandis; wood properties; provenance; progeny; cold; national parks; state forests; rain; stand basal area; South Africa; New South Wales
Abstract:
... Eucalyptus grandis is predominantly cultivated in the humid, warmer temperate, subtropical regions in South Africa for pulp and paper production because of its rapid growth and desirable wood properties. With forestry expanding into mid-altitude drier and warmer, or drier and colder sites, the growth of E. grandis has been compromised by unsuitable growing conditions and, therefore, the search to ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.822183

64. Growth response at age 10 years of five Eucalyptus genotypes planted at three densities on a drought-prone site in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Author:
Jacob Crous; Louisa Burger; Giovanni Sale
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.4 pp. 189-198
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus grandis; climate; drought; forests; genotype; hybrids; mortality; planting; risk; stems; tree mortality; trees; water stress; South Africa
Abstract:
... South Africa's climate is characterised by the occurrence of regular droughts. An assessment of drought mortality in KwaZulu-Natal during 1999 could not provide accurate information regarding the effect of species or planting density on mortality because of confounding species-site allocations. Thus, following the 1999 drought event a trial was established in a drought-prone area, planted to a num ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.820442

65. Models for estimation of carbon sequestered by Cupressus lusitanica plantation stands at Wondo Genet, Ethiopia

Author:
Leakemariam Berhe; Genene Assefa; Tesfay Teklay
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.3 pp. 113-122
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Cupressus lusitanica; biomass; carbon; carbon sequestration; models; plantations; statistics; tree and stand measurements; trees; Ethiopia
Abstract:
... This study compared models for estimating carbon sequestered aboveground in Cupressus lusitanica plantation stands at Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Ethiopia. Relationships of carbon storage with tree component and stand age were also investigated. Thirty trees of three different ages (5, 12 and 24 years), comprising 10 trees from each stand, were sampled in order to genera ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.805511

66. Occurrence of dark septate endophytes in Nothofagus seedlings from Patagonia, Argentina

Author:
María E Salgado Salomón; Carolina Barroetaveña; Mario Rajchenberg
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.2 pp. 97-101
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
ectomycorrhizae; Nothofagus; endophytes; national parks; soil fungi; baits; plastic bags; seedlings; temperate forests; bioassays; trees; forest soils; Pseudotsuga menziesii; conifers; forest reserves; roots; inoculum; Argentina; Chile; Andes region
Abstract:
... Temperate forests of southern Argentina and Chile cover a wide latitudinal and altitudinal range on both sides of the Andes, with Nothofagus species being one of the main tree species. Most of the larger remnants are protected within the limits of national parks and forest reserves. However, some of these are invaded by exotic conifers such as Pseudotsuga menziesii. In order to better understand t ...
DOI:
10.2989/10220119.2013.792632

67. On-board computing in forest machinery as a tool to improve skidding operations in South African softwood sawtimber operations

Author:
Marco Pellegrini; Pierre Ackerman; Raffaele Cavalli
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.2 pp. 89-96
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
business enterprises; data collection; equipment operators; forests; global positioning systems; monitoring; sawlogs; skidders; softwood; user interface; vibration; South Africa
Abstract:
... On-board computing (OBC) systems in South African timber-harvesting operations are currently limited because of the lack of local expertise and experience. In this study three trials were conducted, monitoring three skidder extraction operations at three sites in South African softwood sawtimber operations. Both cable and grapple skidders were equipped with a MultiDAT data collection device. For a ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.785107

68. Overhead irrigation increased winter chilling and floral bud production in Eucalyptus nitens

Author:
Robin AW Gardner; Isa Bertling; Michael J Savage
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.4 pp. 199-212
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus nitens; additive effect; breeding; bud initiation; buds; clones; cold; cold treatment; crops; flowering; forests; industry; inflorescences; overhead irrigation; paclobutrazol; seed orchards; shoots; temperature; trees; winter; South Africa
Abstract:
... Eucalyptus nitens requires a sufficiently cold winter to produce flower buds. In areas in South Africa where E. nitens commercial plantations as well as breeding and production seed orchards are located, winter chilling is often insufficient for floral bud initiation. Hence, under such conditions, E. nitens floral bud and seed crops are poor and inconsistent. The local industry is almost entirely ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.858209

69. Plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis in Eucalyptus spp.: current status and future perspectives

Author:
Glória Pinto; Clara Araújo; Conceição Santos; Lucinda Neves
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.2 pp. 59-69
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus; acclimation; antioxidants; breeding; environmental factors; forest plantations; forest trees; gene transfer; genes; germination; germplasm; plant growth substances; plant propagation; planting; shoots; somatic embryogenesis; tissue culture
Abstract:
... Forest tree improvement programs benefit from the emergence of new biotechnological strategies that complement plant developmental biology and discovery of genes associated with complex multigenic traits. Recently, significant progress has been made in the area of plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis (SE) for economically important tree species (e.g. pines). These advances have opened up n ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.785115

70. Precipitation partitioning in a diverse stand and a monospecific stand of regenerating forest in eastern China

Author:
Huitao Shen; Wenhui You; Xiaoxue Wang
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.2 pp. 81-87
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Schima superba; broadleaved evergreen forests; forest canopy; rain; soil; stemflow; storms; throughfall; water resources
Abstract:
... Between 1 March and 31 October 2009, total precipitation, throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception losses were measured in two stands of secondary evergreen broadleaf forests, one a diverse vegetation stand and the other a monospecific stand dominated by Schima superba Gardn. et Champ, in Tiantong National Forest Park, eastern China. During the study period, there was 1 384 mm rainfall, of wh ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.773603

71. Relationships between diameter and height of trees in natural tropical forest in Tanzania

Author:
Wilson A Mugasha; Ole M Bollandsås; Tron Eid
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.4 pp. 221-237
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Acacia; allometry; biomass; data collection; forest stands; forest types; lowland forests; nonlinear models; savannas; species diversity; tree and stand measurements; trees; tropical forests; woodlands; Tanzania
Abstract:
... The relationship between tree height (h) and tree diameter at breast height (dbh) is an important element describing forest stands. In addition, h often is a required variable in volume and biomass models. Measurements of h are, however, more time consuming compared to those of dbh, and visual obstructions, rounded crown forms, leaning trees and terrain slopes represent additional error sources fo ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.824672

72. Stand basal area model for Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. plantations based on a multilevel nonlinear mixed-effect model across south-eastern China

Author:
LiFang Zhao; ChunMing Li
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.1 pp. 41-50
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
plantations; stems; Cunninghamia lanceolata; data collection; least squares; model validation; models; forest management; forest inventory; stand basal area; databases; prediction; China
Abstract:
... Based on a multilevel nonlinear mixed-effect model approach, a stand basal area model was developed for Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. plantations belonging to the National Forest Inventory in China. The database consists of 583 plots embracing 18 different blocks within three seed source sites in this study. Of the plots, 80% were randomly selected for model fitting and 20% were carried ou ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.769750

73. Stomatal characteristics of Eucalyptus grandis clonal hybrids in response to water stress

Author:
Alana B Eksteen; Valerie Grzeskowiak; Nicky B Jones; Norman W Pammenter
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.3 pp. 105-111
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
stomatal movement; wilting; hybrids; Eucalyptus grandis; bags; stomatal conductance; wilting point; winter; drought; clones; water stress; planting; field capacity; biomass production; summer; stomata
Abstract:
... This study describes the stomatal response occurring during water stress and subsequent recovery of three Eucalyptus grandis clonal hybrids. The aim was to investigate the degree to which stomatal conductance (gₛ) and stomatal density differ between the clonal hybrids across seasons and in response to water stress. Plants from one E. grandis × E. camaldulensis (GC) and two E. grandis × E. urophyll ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.804310

74. The structural grading of young South African grown Pinus patula sawn timber

Author:
George P Dowse; C Brand Wessels
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.1 pp. 7-17
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus patula; X-radiation; acoustics; bending strength; lumber; modulus of elasticity; regression analysis; trees; South Africa
Abstract:
... In this study sawn timber from 16- to 20-year-old Pinus patula trees were obtained from a wide variety of sites along the Mpumalanga escarpment in South Africa. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficiency of the current visual and mechanical grading rules on this timber and to evaluate the potential of some indicator properties to be used as structural grading parameters on this res ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2012.743768

75. Water relations of Eucalyptus nitens × Eucalyptus grandis: is there interclonal variation in response to experimentally imposed water stress?

Author:
ME Oscar Mokotedi
Source:
Southern forests 2013 v.75 no.4 pp. 213-220
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Eucalyptus grandis; Eucalyptus nitens; biomass; clones; forests; hydraulic conductivity; leaf area; leaves; microirrigation; osmotic pressure; planting; rivers; root hydraulic conductivity; sand; saplings; shoots; slow-release fertilizers; soil water content; solar radiation; stomatal conductance; turgor; water stress
Abstract:
... This study tested the hypothesis that water stress increases the hydraulic efficiency of Eucalyptus nitens × E. grandis saplings as a result of osmotic and elastic adjustments. Eucalyptus nitens × E. grandis clones (NH00, NH58, NH69 and NH70) were potted in coarse river sand supplemented with a slow-release fertiliser, drip-irrigated four times daily and exposed to full sunlight for eight months. ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.858212

76. A comparison of productive and non-productive green water-use efficiency of Podocarpus henkelii and Pinus patula in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands

Author:
Hartley H Bulcock; Mark B Gush; Graham PW Jewitt
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.2 pp. 75-84
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus patula; Podocarpus; afforestation; canopy; evaporation; forest plantations; forests; fynbos; grasslands; introduced species; models; planning; planting; soil; transpiration; trees; water management; water use efficiency; South Africa
Abstract:
... A number of studies undertaken in South Africa to quantify the green water-use (total evaporation) of introduced commercial forestry species have shown conclusively that green water-use from commercial forest plantations is substantially higher than from the original grasslands or fynbos that were replaced by afforestation. Green water can be categorised into productive (transpiration) and non-pro ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.915451

77. Association of the pitch canker pathogen Fusarium circinatum with grass hosts in commercial pine production areas of South Africa

Author:
Cassandra L Swett; Bernice Porter; Gerda Fourie; Emma T Steenkamp; Thomas R Gordon; Michael J Wingfield
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.3 pp. 161-166
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Briza maxima; DNA; Ehrharta; Fusarium circinatum; Pinus; Pseudotsuga menziesii; disease occurrence; endophytes; forests; fungi; grasses; host range; hosts; inoculum; nucleotide sequences; pathogens; plantations; sanitation; virulence; California; South Africa
Abstract:
... The pitch canker pathogen, Fusarium circinatum , has major impacts on production in pine nurseries and plantations in South Africa. Thus far, efforts to reduce local spread have focused on rouging of infected pines and sanitation to eliminate local sources of inoculum. Although the host range of F. circinatum was thought to be limited to pines and Douglas-fir, recent studies in California indicate ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.916087

78. Characterising the diameter distribution of Sal plantations by comparing normal, lognormal and Weibull distributions at Tilagarh Eco-park, Bangladesh

Author:
Jiban Chandra Deb; Md Habibur Rahman Salman; Md Abdul Halim; Md Qumruzzaman Chowdhury; Anindita Roy
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.4 pp. 201-208
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Shorea robusta; forest stands; foresters; forests; models; plantations; prediction; probability; stand structure; timber management; trees; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... For many years foresters have been using statistical probability density functions to describe and characterise stand structure. Predicting the current and future yields of a stand is essential for successful stand and timber management. Implicit prediction of current yield is accomplished by using diameter distribution methods. All diameter distribution yield systems predict the number of trees p ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.947077

79. Comparison of the tolerance of Pinus patula seedlings and established trees to infection by Fusarium circinatum

Author:
R Glen Mitchell; Michael J Wingfield; Emma T Steenkamp; Jolanda Roux; Steven Verryn; Teresa A Coutinho
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.3 pp. 151-159
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; clones; foresters; forests; greenhouse experimentation; greenhouses; open pollination; pathogens; screening; seedlings; seeds; trees; South Africa
Abstract:
... Since the first appearance of Fusarium circinatum in South Africa in 1990, foresters have been challenged with poor field survival of Pinus patula seedlings at establishment. One of the best long-term solutions is to improve the genetic tolerance of P. patula to infection by the pathogen. Currently, large numbers of families are routinely screened for their tolerance to F. circinatum by infecting ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.899061

80. Culture-independent detection and quantification of Fusarium circinatum in a pine-producing seedling nursery

Author:
Gerda Fourie; Michael J Wingfield; Brenda D Wingfield; Nicky B Jones; Andrew R Morris; Emma T Steenkamp
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.3 pp. 137-143
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Fusarium circinatum; conidia; dieback; forests; fungicides; inoculum; insect control; mortality; pathogens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; root crown; sanitation; seedlings; shoots
Abstract:
... The primary symptoms associated with Fusarium circinatum infection in pine seedling nurseries are root and collar rot, shoot and tip die-back and seedling mortality. Management of this pathogen in nurseries usually involves the integration of various strategies relating to sanitation, insect control and fungicide treatment. The overall goal of this study was to use quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.899058

81. Difference in shade tolerance affects foliage–sapwood response to thinning by two eucalypts

Author:
Rui Ling Yao; Kevin Glencross; J Doland Nichols
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.2 pp. 93-100
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Corymbia citriodora; Eucalyptus; canopy; forests; leaf area; leaves; plantations; sapwood; shade tolerance; trees; Australia
Abstract:
... In eucalypt plantations in subtropical Australia, Eucalyptus dunnii exhibits greater diameter increment after thinning than more shade-tolerant Corymbia citriodora . To elucidate the mechanism underlying this difference, we investigated relationships between tree leaf area and sapwood area following thinning in 11-year-old E. dunnii and C. citriodora plantations. There was no significant differenc ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.917354

82. Diversity and structure of woody vegetation across areas with different soils in Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe

Author:
Edson Gandiwa; Patience Zisadza-Gandiwa; David Goza; Clayton Mashapa; Never Muboko
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.2 pp. 111-116
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
conservation areas; ecosystems; edaphic factors; forests; national parks; savannas; soil; species diversity; vegetation structure; woodlands; woody plants; Zimbabwe
Abstract:
... Despite the importance of edaphic factors in influencing woody vegetation diversity and structure in savannas, there is still limited research on the topic across most savanna ecosystems. Here we investigate the differences and/or similarities of woody vegetation diversity and structure across areas with different edaphic factors (i.e. soil group) in Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe. We stratifi ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.921007

83. Dynamic base-age invariant site index models for Tectona grandis in peninsular India

Author:
Vindhya P Tewari; Juan G Álvarez-González; Klaus von Gadow
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.1 pp. 21-27
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Tectona grandis; equations; forests; models; prediction; site index; trees; variance; India
Abstract:
... Data from 27 remeasured sample plots were used to evaluate dynamic base-age invariant site index models for teak (Tectona grandis) forests in Karnataka, India. The data were obtained in observational field studies covering a wide range of sites in Karnataka and provided up to three interval measurements per plot. All the functions were fitted simultaneously using iterative seemingly unrelated regr ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.870398

84. Effect on nursery and field performance of Pinus patula seedlings after inoculation with Fusarium circinatum

Author:
Nicoletta B Jones; Craig M Ford; Marnie E Light; Ryan L Nadel; Izette Greyling; Gerda Fourie; Michael J Wingfield; Andrew R Morris
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.3 pp. 125-136
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; forestry; forests; fungi; inoculum; mortality; pathogens; plant establishment; seedlings; water stress; South Africa
Abstract:
... Fusarium circinatum is an important fungal pathogen of Pinus species. In South Africa, it is the most significant pathogen of Pinus patula seedlings in forestry nurseries where it presents a substantial constraint to productivity and can continue to cause mortality in-field for up to two years after establishment. This study describes the results from two trials where P. patula seedlings were inoc ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.916503

85. Effects of plantation residue management on the community structure of wattle regeneration invertebrate pests in South Africa

Author:
Prem Govender
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.4 pp. 229-236
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Acacia mearnsii; Diplopoda; Elateridae; Formicidae; Isoptera; Nematoda; Orthoptera; Quercus; community structure; cutworms; death; fallow; forests; grasshoppers; growing season; guidelines; mortality; multivariate analysis; pesticide application; plantations; planting; seedlings; silviculture; soil invertebrates; spatial distribution; South Africa
Abstract:
... There is a limited availability of land for the expansion of South African black wattle plantations. One way to increase productivity is to ensure the survival of seedlings during regeneration, thereby increasing the stocking of compartments. Soil invertebrate pests constitute one of the important causes of seedling mortality. The effect of different plantation residue management practices on the ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.957596

86. Estimating wood volume from canopy area in deciduous woodlands of Zimbabwe

Author:
Tawanda W Gara; Amon Murwira; Emmerson Chivhenge; Timothy Dube; Tsitsi Bangira
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.4 pp. 237-244
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
canopy; climatic factors; forests; prediction; regression analysis; remote sensing; trees; variance; wood; woodlands; Zimbabwe
Abstract:
... In this study we tested the predictive ability of canopy area in estimating wood volume in deciduous woodlands of Zimbabwe. The study was carried out in four sites of different climatic conditions. We used regression analysis to statistically quantify the prediction of wood volume from canopy area at species and stand level using field data. Our results revealed that canopy area significantly (P < ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.965981

87. Generic linear mixed-effects individual-tree biomass models for Pinus massoniana in southern China

Author:
Liyong Fu; Weisheng Zeng; Huiru Zhang; Guangxing Wang; Yuancai Lei; Shouzheng Tang
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.1 pp. 47-56
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus massoniana; aboveground biomass; allometry; forests; models; tree and stand measurements; trees; China
Abstract:
... Quantification of forest biomass is important for practical forestry and for scientific purposes. It is fundamental to develop generic individual-tree biomass models suitable for large-scale forest biomass estimation. However, compatibility of forest biomass estimates at different scales may become a problem. We developed generic individual-tree biomass models using a mixed-effects modeling approa ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.870389

88. Genetic parameters for Fusarium circinatum tolerance within openpollinated families of Pinus patula tested at screening facilities in South Africa and the USA

Author:
Andre Nel; Gary R Hodge; Kgosi E Mongwaketsi; Arnulf Kanzler
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.3 pp. 145-150
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; breeding; crops; forests; fungi; genetic variation; greenhouses; hygiene; mortality; open pollination; screening; seedlings; trees; South Africa; United States
Abstract:
... The pine pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum , has caused large-scale mortality of Pinus patula Schiede & Deppe ex Schltdl. & Cham. crops in South African nurseries. This disease is now managed with strict hygiene practices and mortality in commercial nurseries has been drastically reduced. During the last 10 years, however, the disease started to manifest in the field, impacting on post-plan ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.916500

89. Mixed-effects height–diameter models for ten conifers in the inland Northwest, USA

Author:
Curtis L VanderSchaaf
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.1 pp. 1-9
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
conifers; forest inventory; forests; models; trees; United States
Abstract:
... To demonstrate the utility of mixed-effects height–diameter models when conducting forest inventories, mixed-effects height–diameter models are presented for several commercially and ecologically important conifers in the inland Northwest of the USA. After obtaining height–diameter measurements from a plot/stand of interest, these mixed-effects models can be calibrated to produce localised individ ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.870396

90. Modelling dominant height and site index in different edaphoclimatic zones of Nothofagus dombeyi secondary forest in the Andes of south-central Chile

Author:
Carlos Esse; Pablo J Donoso; Víctor Gerding; Celso Navarro; Francisco Encina-Montoya
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.4 pp. 221-228
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Nothofagus dombeyi; forest resources; foresters; growth models; landowners; secondary forests; site index; trees; Andes region; Chile
Abstract:
... Nothofagus dombeyi grows in a wide variety of sites. The information about its productivity is still scarce, which makes it difficult for foresters and landowners to take decisions about the best practices to maintain and/or improve the goods and services derived from the forest. The aim of this study was to construct dominant tree height functions and site index curves for secondary forests of No ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.956026

91. Modelling of wander ratios, travel speeds and productivity of cable and grapple skidders in softwood sawtimber operations in South Africa

Author:
Pierre Ackerman; Reino Pulkki; Elizabeth Gleasure
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.2 pp. 101-110
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
data collection; forests; harvesting; humans; models; planning; prediction; regression analysis; sawlogs; skidders; softwood; supply chain; trees; South Africa
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to develop predictive models for cable and grapple skidder wander ratios, travel speeds (loaded and unloaded), and productivity in softwood roundwood sawtimber harvesting operations. For field data collection, the study utilised on-board computing systems supported by manual time study. Four-hundred and twenty-seven extraction cycles over varying terrain and tree si ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.917355

92. Models for estimation of tree volume in the miombo woodlands of Tanzania

Author:
Ernest W Mauya; Wilson A Mugasha; Eliakimu Zahabu; Ole M Bollandsås; Tron Eid
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.4 pp. 209-219
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
branches; forest management; forests; models; prediction; tree and stand measurements; trees; woodlands; Tanzania
Abstract:
... Volume of trees is an important parameter in forest management, but only volume models with limited geographical and tree size coverage have previously been developed for Tanzanian miombo woodlands. This study developed models for estimating total, merchantable stem and branches volume applicable for the entire miombo woodlands of Tanzania. We used data from 158 destructively sampled trees, includ ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.957594

93. Percentile-based Weibull diameter distribution model for Pinus kesiya stands in Benguet province, Philippines

Author:
Roscinto Ian C Lumbres; Young Jin Lee
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.2 pp. 117-123
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus kesiya; Weibull statistics; equations; forests; managers; models; prediction; site index; trees; Philippines
Abstract:
... This study was conducted to develop a diameter distribution model for Pinus kesiya stands in Benguet province, Philippines, using the percentile-based Weibull model. The performance of the different equations was examined using evaluation statistics such as the fit index (FI) and root mean square error (RMSE). Results showed a FI range from 0.48799 (minimum diameter) to 0.94071 (95th diameter perc ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.918689

94. Pinus patula and pine hybrid hedge productivity in South Africa: a comparison between two vegetative propagation systems exposed to natural infection by Fusarium circinatum

Author:
Craig M Ford; Nicoletta B Jones; Paxie WC Chirwa
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.3 pp. 167-175
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; Pinus tecunumanii; bags; bark; forests; growing media; hybrids; hydroponics; mortality; pathogens; sand; vegetative propagation; South Africa
Abstract:
... In response to the Fusarium circinatum pine pathogen threat in southern Africa, research has been conducted on the development of F. circinatum- tolerant P. patula and P. patula hybrids. The objective of this study was to investigate the propagation potential of these taxa in two vegetative propagation systems, hydroponic sand beds and polythene bags with composted pine bark growing medium. Signif ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.916501

95. Productivity and cost analysis of semi-mechanised and mechanised systems on the Viphya forest plantations in Malawi

Author:
Elisha Ngulube; Michal Brink; Paxie W Chirwa
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.4 pp. 195-200
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Pinus kesiya; chainsaws; economic feasibility; forest plantations; forests; harvest date; inventories; logging; mechanization; models; operating costs; Malawi
Abstract:
... At least 200 000 m ³ of timber is harvested annually using semi-mechanised harvesting systems on the Viphya forest plantations in Malawi. Although these systems have long been used on the Viphya, no investigation on their productivity has so far been reported. Additionally, the absence of localised productivity analyses in Malawi has created a paucity of information on appropriate timber harvestin ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.938294

96. Re-use of seedling containers and Fusarium circinatum association with asymptomatic Pinus patula planting stock

Author:
Andrew R Morris; Gerda Fourie; Izette Greyling; Emma T Steenkamp; Nicoletta B Jones
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.3 pp. 177-187
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Fusarium circinatum; Pinus patula; containers; control methods; crops; discoloration; forests; hygiene; inoculum; mortality; open pollination; pathogens; planting; root systems; sanitation; screening; seedling growth; seedlings; steam; Southern Africa
Abstract:
... Fusarium circinatum is a pathogen causing serious post-planting mortality of Pinus patula seedlings in southern Africa. Containerised planting stock that is asymptomatic but associated with F. circinatum in the nursery is thought to be the cause of this problem. The aim of this study was to determine if re-use of seedling containers could be a source of inoculum resulting in asymptomatic planting ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.957491

97. Stand structure and regeneration of harvested Araucaria araucana–Nothofagus stands in central Chile

Author:
Rafael M Navarro-Cerrillo; Fernando Olave; Francisco Moreno; Sergio de Miguel; Margarita Clemente
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.1 pp. 11-19
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
harvesting; logging; Araucaria araucana; saplings; juveniles; seedlings; principal component analysis; mature plants; shade; stand density; stand basal area; Nothofagus pumilio; stand structure; forests; Chile
Abstract:
... In this study we examined the current structure and regeneration status of mixed Araucaria araucana–Nothofagus spp. stands that had been logged 20 years ago. We measured stand density of saplings, juvenile and adult trees, as well as stand basal area of A. araucana and Nothofagus spp. in 69 plots distributed in five sites in order to characterise diameter distributions using a Weibull function. Ar ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.870394

98. Survival, growth, wood basic density and wood biomass of seven-year-old Casuarina species/provenances grown at Kongowe, Kibaha, Tanzania

Author:
Abeid I Kindo; Ezekiel Edward; Mathew A Mndolwa; Shabani AO Chamshama
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.2 pp. 85-92
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
Casuarina equisetifolia; biomass production; forests; national parks; planting; provenance; wood; wood density; Benin; Egypt; Indonesia; Tanzania; Thailand; Timor
Abstract:
... A performance comparison of seven-year-old individuals of 13 Casuarina species/provenances in terms of survival, growth (diameter, height and volume), wood basic density and wood biomass was undertaken at Kongowe, Kibaha, Tanzania. The trial was laid out using a randomised complete block design with four replications. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.0001) in all parameters. Casua ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.915370

99. Testing pelargonic acid and pyraflufen-ethyl with glyphosate as alternatives to paraquat dichloride for the preparation of fire-break tracer lines at Underberg, South Africa

Author:
Keith M Little; Ryan Nadel
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.2 pp. 67-73
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
application timing; fire break; forests; glyphosate; paraquat; pelargonic acid; risk; screening; spraying; summer; vegetation cover; South Africa
Abstract:
... Over the past 31-year period, about 18 700 ha annum ⁻¹ of planted forests in South Africa have been lost through fire. In forested areas where the risk of fire entering compartments is always high, fire-break tracer lines are prepared by spraying with a suitable herbicide such that the adjacent vegetation is still 'green' when these tracer lines can be burned. Once the vegetation between these tra ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2014.893683

100. The role of the forestry industry for the success of community forestry: a comparative input–output analysis across India and the Philippines

Author:
Jungho Suh
Source:
Southern forests 2014 v.76 no.1 pp. 29-36
ISSN:
2070-2639
Subject:
community forestry; forest industries; forests; issues and policy; supply chain; timber production; wood; India; Philippines
Abstract:
... This paper uses the 'input–output analysis' technique to investigate why the Joint Forest Management program in India has expanded while the uptake of the Community-based Forest Management program in the Philippines has been relatively slow. The forward linkage of the forestry sector with downstream industries in the Philippines was found to be weak when compared with India. In contrast, the wood ...
DOI:
10.2989/20702620.2013.870401