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1. A demographic ménage à trois: interactions between disturbances both amplify and dampen population dynamics of an endemic plant

Author:
Tye, Matthew R.; Menges, Eric S.; Weekley, Carl; Quintana‐Ascencio, Pedro F.; Salguero‐Gómez, Roberto
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1778-1788
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Liatris; anthropogenic activities; endangered species; habitats; herbivores; humans; indigenous species; integrated pest management; models; plants (botany); population growth; population viability; prediction; reproduction; roads; sand; shrublands; viability; Florida
Abstract:
... Natural and anthropogenic disturbances co‐occur in most systems, but how they interact to shape demographic outcomes remains poorly understood. Such interactions may alter dynamics of populations in non‐additive ways, making demographic predictions challenging when focusing on only one disturbance. Thus, understanding the interactive effects of such disturbances is critically important to determin ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12642

2. Browsing by an invasive herbivore promotes development of plant and soil communities during primary succession

Author:
Bellingham, Peter J.; Kardol, Paul; Bonner, Karen I.; Buxton, Rowan P.; Morse, Chris W.; Wardle, David A.
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1505-1517
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Cyperaceae; Trichosurus vulpecula; browsing; carbon; community structure; ecosystems; forest canopy; forestry development; grasses; herbivores; indigenous species; landslides; nitrogen content; nitrogen-fixing trees; phytomass; plant communities; possums; primary succession; soil; soil ecology; soil nematodes; species diversity; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Invasive herbivores can strongly affect ecosystems by reducing or removing native plant species, and early in primary successions they could have enduring consequences for plant community assembly and ecosystem functioning, although this has seldom been explored. Invasive brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) browse from ground levels to forest canopies in New Zealand, including on plant speci ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12624

3. Co‐fruiting plant species share similar fruit and seed traits while phylogenetic patterns vary through time

Author:
Razafindratsima, Onja H.; Dunham, Amy E.
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1789-1798
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
forest trees; frugivores; fruiting; phenology; phylogeny; plant communities; rain; rain forests; seasonal variation; seed dispersal; Madagascar
Abstract:
... Co‐fruiting plant species are subject to a variety of biotic and abiotic processes that may influence patterns of fruiting phenology and the functional and phylogenetic diversity of co‐fruiting taxa in a community. Understanding the seasonal patterns of functional and phylogenetic diversity of fruiting in a community will shed new light on potential mechanisms structuring plant communities. Using ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12645

4. Disentangling the four demographic dimensions of species invasiveness

Author:
Catford, Jane A.; Baumgartner, John B.; Vesk, Peter A.; White, Matt; Buckley, Yvonne M.; McCarthy, Michael A.
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1745-1758
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
forbs; graminoids; herbs; indigenous species; invasive species; risk; Victoria (Australia)
Abstract:
... A definitive list of invasive species traits remains elusive, perhaps due to inconsistent ways of identifying invasive species. Invasive species are typically identified using one or more of four demographic criteria (local abundance, geographic range, environmental range, spread rate), referred to here as the demographic dimensions of invasiveness. In 112 studies comparing invasive and non‐invasi ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12627

5. Effects of permafrost thaw on nitrogen availability and plant–soil interactions in a boreal Alaskan lowland

Author:
Finger, Rebecca A.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Kielland, Knut; Ruess, Roger W.; Mack, Michelle C.; Euskirchen, Eugénie S.
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1542-1554
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
dissolved organic nitrogen; mineralization; permafrost; plant communities; dissolved inorganic nitrogen; botanical composition; soil organic matter; coniferous forests; hydrophilicity; peatlands; bogs; soil depth; rooting; soil horizons; ice; lowlands; stable isotopes; thawing; soil-plant interactions
Abstract:
... Increasing rates of permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands are converting conifer forests to waterlogged open wetlands. Permafrost thaw increases soil nitrogen (N) availability, but it is unclear whether such changes are due solely to changes in surface soil N mineralization or N mobilization from thawing permafrost soils at depth. We examined plant species composition and N availability along tripli ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12639
Chorus Open Access:
10.1111/1365-2745.12639

6. Evidence of local adaptation to fine‐ and coarse‐grained environmental variability in Poa alpina in the Swiss Alps

Author:
Hamann, Elena; Kesselring, Halil; Armbruster, Georg F. J.; Scheepens, J. F.; Stöcklin, Jürg
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1627-1637
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Poa alpina; biomass; climate change; extinction; gene flow; genetic markers; genetic variation; genotyping; grasses; habitats; landscapes; leaf area; phenotypic plasticity; provenance; risk; Alps region; Switzerland
Abstract:
... In the alpine landscape, characterized by high spatiotemporal heterogeneity and barriers, divergent selection is likely to lead to local adaptation of plant populations either through adaptive genetic differentiation or through phenotypic plasticity. The relative importance of these processes has rarely been investigated in relation to the spatial scale of environmental heterogeneity. In this stud ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12628

7. Evidence of small‐scale spatial structuring of phytoplankton alpha‐ and beta‐diversity in the open ocean

Author:
Mousing, Erik Askov; Richardson, Katherine; Bendtsen, Jørgen; Cetinić, Ivona; Perry, Mary Jane
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1682-1695
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; Chaetoceros; biomass; data collection; embryophytes; environmental factors; models; nestedness; oceans; phytoplankton; salinity; species diversity; spring; surface water; taxonomy; Atlantic Ocean; Iceland
Abstract:
... Phytoplankton assemblages in the open ocean are usually assumed to be mixed on local scales unless large semi‐permanent density discontinuities separating water masses are present. Recent modelling studies have, however, suggested that ephemeral submesoscale oceanographic features leading to only subtle density discontinuities may be important for controlling phytoplankton alpha‐ and beta‐diversit ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12634

8. Growth and carbon relations of mature Picea abies trees under 5 years of free‐air CO2 enrichment

Author:
Klein, Tamir; Bader, Martin K.‐F.; Leuzinger, Sebastian; Mildner, Manuel; Schleppi, Patrick; Siegwolf, Rolf T.W.; Körner, Christian
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1720-1733
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Picea abies; atmospheric deposition; canopy; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon sinks; ectomycorrhizae; exudation; fine roots; free air carbon dioxide enrichment; lowland forests; nitrates; nitrogen; photosynthesis; plant litter; sap flow; soil organic matter; soil water; stable isotopes; stomatal movement; trees; Switzerland
Abstract:
... Are mature forests carbon limited? To explore this question, we exposed ca. 110‐year‐old, 40‐m tall Picea abies trees to a 550‐ppm CO₂ concentration in a mixed lowland forest in NW Switzerland. The site receives substantial soluble nitrogen (N) via atmospheric deposition, and thus, trees are unlikely N‐limited. We used a construction crane to operate the free‐air CO₂ release system and for canopy ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12621

9. Hydrologically contrasting environments induce genetic but not phenotypic differentiation in Solanum dulcamara

Author:
Zhang, Qian; Peters, Janny L.; Visser, Eric J. W.; de Kroon, Hans; Huber, Heidrun
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1649-1661
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Solanum dulcamara; adventitious roots; drought; drought tolerance; genetic variation; hydrology; niches; phenotype; root shoot ratio; water stress
Abstract:
... In contrasting habitats, locally adapted populations are expected to evolve through directional selection. Hydrological gradients provide a scenario where strong selection forces have led to species segregation in communities along the hydrological niche axes due to specific adaptations to their ambient environment. However, much less is known about the processes enabling species with wide ecologi ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12648

10. Into the functional ecology of ectomycorrhizal communities: environmental filtering of enzymatic activities

Author:
Pierre‐Emmanuel, Courty; François, Munoz; Marc‐André, Selosse; Myriam, Duchemin; Stéven, Criquet; Fabio, Ziarelli; Marc, Buée; Claude, Plassard; Adrien, Taudière; Jean, Garbaye; Franck, Richard
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1585-1598
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
ectomycorrhizae; enzyme activity; enzymes; forest ecosystems; fungal communities; fungi; soil; soil resources; taxonomy
Abstract:
... Characterizing the ecological processes driving the assembly and functional composition of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities is an area of active research. Here, we applied a trait‐based framework to address whether and how environmental filtering and niche differentiation influence the diversity of ECM fungal enzymatic activities in two oak‐dominated forest ecosystems. We hypothesized that ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12633

11. Leafing intensity and the fruit size/number trade‐off in woody angiosperms

Author:
Dombroskie, Sarah L.; Tracey, Amanda J.; Aarssen, Lonnie W.
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1759-1767
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Angiospermae; body size; fecundity; flowering; fruits; growing season; inflorescences; leaves; meristems; phylogeny; pollination; prediction; progeny; seed maturation; seeds; shoots; shrubs; trees
Abstract:
... A sample of woody angiosperm species was used to test a central prediction of the ‘leafing intensity premium’ hypothesis: higher leafing intensity (number of leaves produced per unit dry mass of shoot vegetative tissue produced in the same growing season) confers a larger bud bank (i.e. number of axillary meristems per unit shoot tissue) that can be deployed for reproduction, and thus confers gene ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12622

12. Lianas and soil nutrients predict fine‐scale distribution of above‐ground biomass in a tropical moist forest

Author:
Ledo, Alicia; Illian, Janine B.; Schnitzer, Stefan A.; Wright, S. Joseph; Dalling, James W.; Burslem, David F. R. P.
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1819-1828
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
aboveground biomass; carbon; carbon sinks; climate; climate change; lianas; mortality; pH; prediction; regression analysis; soil; soil fertility; soil nutrients; species diversity; topography; trees; tropical rain forests; Panama
Abstract:
... Prediction of carbon dynamics in response to global climate change requires an understanding of the processes that govern the distribution of carbon stocks. Above‐ground biomass (AGB) in tropical forests is regulated by variation in soil fertility, climate, species composition and topography at regional scales, but the drivers of fine‐scale variation in tropical forest AGB are poorly understood. T ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12635

13. Mechanisms of resilience: empirically quantified positive feedbacks produce alternate stable states dynamics in a model of a tropical reef

Author:
Muthukrishnan, Ranjan; Lloyd‐Smith, James O.; Fong, Peggy
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1662-1672
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
algae; anthropogenic activities; basins; benthic organisms; bioassays; coral reefs; corals; ecosystems; herbivores; hysteresis; simulation models
Abstract:
... Alternate stable states (ASS) theory is a dominant conceptual framework for understanding processes that support resilience of ecological communities in the face of multiple anthropogenic disturbances. For decades, coral reefs have been cited as a classic example of ASS, yet this position remains highly controversial, largely because convincing empirical evaluations have been elusive. Using a comb ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12631

14. Mycorrhizal associations of trees have different indirect effects on organic matter decomposition

Author:
Taylor, Melanie K.; Lankau, Richard A.; Wurzburger, Nina
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1576-1584
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
carbon; ectomycorrhizae; fine roots; microbial biomass; mineral soils; organic matter; plant litter; soil chemistry; soil microorganisms; temperate forests; terrestrial ecosystems; trees; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae
Abstract:
... Organic matter decomposition is the main process by which carbon (C) is lost from terrestrial ecosystems, and mycorrhizal associations of plants (i.e. arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) and ectomycorrhizas (ECM)) may have different indirect effects on this loss pathway. AM and ECM plants differ in the soil decomposers they promote and the quality of litter they produce, which may result in different patt ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12629

15. Ontogenetic responses of four plant species to additive and interactive effects of land‐use history, canopy structure and herbivory

Author:
Hahn, Philip G.; Orrock, John L.
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1518-1526
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
adults; agricultural land; biomass; canopy; fauna; habitats; herbivores; insects; juveniles; land use; mature plants; ontogeny; plant establishment; space and time; woodlands
Abstract:
... The strength of interactions among species is often highly variable in space and time, and a major challenge in understanding context‐dependent effects of herbivores lies in disentangling habitat‐mediated from herbivore‐mediated effects on plant performance. We conducted a landscape‐scale experiment that manipulated light availability in woodlands with either a history of agricultural use or no hi ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12623

16. Plant and insect microbial symbionts alter the outcome of plant–herbivore–parasitoid interactions: implications for invaded, agricultural and natural systems

Author:
Bennett, Alison E.; Millar, Niall S.; Gedrovics, Emils; Karley, Alison J.
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1734-1744
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Aphidius ervi; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Solanum; biological control; endosymbionts; genotype; models; mutualism; mycorrhizal fungi; parasitic wasps; phytomass; plant response; rearing; soil; soil biota; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae; wasps
Abstract:
... Understanding how soil microbial communities influence plant interactions with other organisms, and how this varies with characteristics of the interacting organisms, is important for multiple systems. Solanum spp. are a suitable model for trophic interactions in studies of agricultural and natural systems and can also provide useful corollaries in invaded systems. This study examined the influenc ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12620

17. Plant secondary metabolites: a key driver of litter decomposition and soil nutrient cycling

Author:
Chomel, Mathilde; Guittonny‐Larchevêque, Marie; Fernandez, Catherine; Gallet, Christiane; DesRochers, Annie; Paré, David; Jackson, Benjamin G.; Baldy, Virginie
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1527-1541
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
biogeochemical cycles; ecological succession; ecosystems; models; secondary metabolites; soil; soil biota; soil nutrients
Abstract:
... A broad and diversified group of compounds, secondary metabolites, are known to govern species interactions in ecosystems. Recent studies have shown that secondary metabolites can also play a major role in ecosystem processes, such as plant succession or in the process of litter decomposition, by governing the interplay between plant matter and soil organisms. We reviewed the ecological role of th ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12644

18. Plant–soil feedbacks: role of plant functional group and plant traits

Author:
Cortois, Roeland; Schröder‐Georgi, Thomas; Weigelt, Alexandra; van der Putten, Wim H.; De Deyn, Gerlinde B.
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1608-1617
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
graminoids; grasslands; herbs; inoculum; leaf area; legumes; mycorrhizal fungi; pathogens; plant communities; plant growth; soil; soil biota; soil sterilization; soil-plant interactions
Abstract:
... Plant–soil feedback (PSF), plant trait and functional group concepts advanced our understanding of plant community dynamics, but how they are interlinked is poorly known. To test how plant functional groups (FGs: graminoids, small herbs, tall herbs, legumes) and plant traits relate to PSF, we grew 48 grassland species in sterilized soil, sterilized soil with own species soil inoculum and sterilize ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12643

19. Precipitation alters the strength of evolutionary priority effects in forest community assembly of pteridophytes and angiosperms

Author:
Brandt, Angela J.; Tanentzap, Andrew J.; Leopold, Devin R.; Heenan, Peter B.; Fukami, Tadashi; Lee, William G.
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1673-1681
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Angiospermae; age; ferns and fern allies; forest communities; habitats; mountains; phylogeny; temperate forests; New Zealand
Abstract:
... The ecological conditions promoting evolutionary priority effects, where the order and timing of ancestral species arrival into a new habitat influences extant community assembly, are poorly understood. Studies in the New Zealand alpine indicated that early‐arriving angiosperm lineages dominated communities via niche pre‐emption. Forests have a much longer (>60 myr) evolutionary history in New Zea ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12640

20. Reduced mycorrhizal responsiveness leads to increased competitive tolerance in an invasive exotic plant

Author:
Waller, Lauren P.; Callaway, Ragan M.; Klironomos, John N.; Ortega, Yvette K.; Maron, John L.
Source:
The journal of ecology 2016 v.104 no.6 pp. 1599-1607
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Centaurea solstitialis; Nassella pulchra; annuals; genotype; habitat destruction; indigenous species; introduced plants; invasive species; mycorrhizal fungi; soil biota; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae
Abstract:
... Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can exert a powerful influence on the outcome of plant–plant competition. Since some exotic plants interact differently with soil biota such as AM fungi in their new range, range‐based shifts in AM responsiveness could shift competitive interactions between exotic and resident plants, although this remains poorly studied. We explored whether genotypes of the annua ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12641