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1. A laboratory based exposure of Microcystis and Oscillatoria cyanobacterial isolates to heterotrophic bacteria

Author:
Ndlela, L.L.; Oberholster, P.J.; Van Wyk, J.H.; Cheng, P.H.
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
Microcystis; Oscillatoria; alkaline phosphatase; bacteria; biological control; chlorophyll; cyanobacterial toxins; enzyme activity; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; fluorescence; fluorescence microscopy; hydrochemistry; predation; scanning electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Biological control of cyanobacteria is a viable means of controlling nuisance bloom occurrences; however the majority of studies done are against Microcystis sp., with a commonly lytic effect caused. Filamentous cyanobacteria such as Oscillatoria are not as extensively studied in this area of biological control and are often part of Microcystis dominated blooms. This study employed heterotrophic b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.002

2. AlphaLISA for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B free from interference by protein A

Author:
Zhao, Junqing; Lv, Qingyu; Liu, Peng; Guo, Liyuan; Zhang, Liwen; Zheng, Yuling; Ming, Lihua; Kong, Decong; Jiang, Hua; Jiang, Yongqiang
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 62-68
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
Staphylococcus aureus; botulinum toxin; cross reaction; enterotoxins; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; foodborne illness; luminescence
Abstract:
... Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is an important enterotoxin which is a major reason for food poisoning and a potential biologic agent. Hence, rapid and accurate detection is very important. An amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaLISA) for SEB detection was established here. Its performance was evaluated on mock specimen and culture supernatant. Its free from the effect of pr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.016

3. Animal and plant factors which affect larkspur toxicosis in cattle: Sex, age, breed, and plant chemotype

Author:
Green, Benedict T.; Keele, John W.; Bennett, Gary L.; Gardner, Dale R.; Stonecipher, Clint A.; Cook, Daniel; Pfister, James A.
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 31-39
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
Angus; Delphinium; alkaloids; bulls; chemotypes; dairy breeds; grazing; heifers; poisoning; poisonous plants; rangelands; risk reduction; steers; toxicity; North America
Abstract:
... Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) poisoning is a long-term problem for cattle grazing on rangelands of western North America. Recent research has shown that both plant and animal-based factors are critical in understanding and mitigating larkspur poisoning in cattle. Non-toxicological factors including sex, age, cattle breed, and plant chemotype affect cattle responses to larkspur. For example, Angus hei ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.013

4. Cytotoxin 1 from Naja atra Cantor venom induced necroptosis of leukemia cells

Author:
Liu, Yamin; Ming, Wei; Wang, Yan; Liu, Sihong; Qiu, Yanfen; Xiang, Yongxin; Hu, Lili; Fan, Lingjie; Peng, Xiang; Wang, Han; Kong, Tianhan; Dong, Weihua; Guo, Qifeng
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 110-115
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
Naja atra; antineoplastic agents; apoptosis; caspases; cathepsins; cell proliferation; cytotoxins; enzyme inhibitors; leukemia; lysosomes; membrane permeability; necroptosis; neoplasm cells; therapeutics; venoms; viability
Abstract:
... Cytotoxin 1 (CTX1) purified from Naja atra Cantor venom could inhibit cancer cell proliferation, but the mechanism is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which leukemia cells are killed by CTX1.HL-60 and KG1a cells were treated with CTX1 and the cell death was detected.The viability of HL-60 and KG1a cells decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner after treatment with ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.012

5. Detection of okadaic acid (OA) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) simultaneously in seafood samples using colloidal gold immunoassay

Author:
Ling, Sumei; Li, Xiulan; Zhang, Danping; Wang, Ke; Zhao, Wenwen; Zhao, Qiang; Wang, Rongzhi; Yuan, Jun; Xin, Sijie; Wang, Shihua
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 103-109
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
detection limit; food contamination; goats; gold; immunoassays; immunoglobulin G; lipophilicity; monoclonal antibodies; nanoparticles; neurotoxins; okadaic acid; seafoods; tetrodotoxin
Abstract:
... Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxin mainly responsible for severe neurological illness, and okadaic acid (OA) is another important lipophilic toxin to humans. In this study, we developed a gold strip for simultaneous detection of OA and TTX in real seafood samples. In the assay, the prepared nanoparticles (about 40 nm) was applied to conjugate with specific monoclonal antibodies against OA and TTX, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.011

6. Experimental poisoning by Heterophyllaea pustulata Hook. f. (Rubiaceae) in goats. Clinical, biochemical and toxicological aspects

Author:
Micheloud, Juan Francisco; Aguirre, Laura S.; Marioni, Juliana; Mugas, Maria Laura; Cabrera, José Luis; Martinez, Olga Gladys; Gallardo, Silvina Carola; Gimeno, Eduardo Juan; Núñez-Montoya, Susana Carolina
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 56-61
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
Rubiaceae; Saanen; adults; alfalfa hay; anthraquinones; bilirubin; biopsy; blood sampling; blood serum; dermatitis; enzymes; females; goats; high performance liquid chromatography; histopathology; ionization; jaundice; leaves; liver; mass spectrometry; microscopy; oral administration; photochemotherapy; photosensitivity; poisoning; poisonous plants; skin (animal)
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, biochemical and toxicological findings of the experimentally poisoning induced by Heterophyllaea pustulata in goats. Ten healthy adult female Saanen breed goats were used in the experiment. The goats were randomly assigned to two groups of five individuals: control and experimental group (CG and EG). Both groups were kept in the same enclosure ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.015

7. Individual and combined mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and fusarenon-X induced apoptosis in lymphoid tissues of mice after oral exposure

Author:
Aupanun, Sawinee; Poapolathep, Saranya; Phuektes, Patchara; Giorgi, Mario; Zhang, Zhaowei; Oswald, Isabelle P.; Poapolathep, Amnart
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 83-94
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
Fusarium; Peyer's patches; adaptive immunity; adverse effects; apoptosis; caspase-3; caspase-9; deoxynivalenol; fungi; fusarenon-X; grains; lymph nodes; lymphocytes; males; mice; nivalenol; oral administration; oral exposure; risk; spleen; thymus gland; tissues; toxicity
Abstract:
... Lymphocytes are involved in the adaptive immune response and are highly sensitive to type B trichothecenes. In grains and their products, deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most widely distributed trichothecene. It usually co-occurs with other type B members, such as nivalenol (NIV) and fusarenon-X (FX), because they are all produced by the same Fusarium fungi. However, the combined effects of mycotoxins ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.017

8. Intra-articular botulinum toxin type A for treatment of knee osteoarthritis: Clinical trial

Author:
Najafi, Sharif; Sanati, Ehsan; Khademi, Mahsa; Abdorrazaghi, Fateme; Mofrad, Reza Kazempoor; Rezasoltani, Zahra
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 69-77
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
adverse effects; botulinum toxin; clinical trials; elderly; hospitals; osteoarthritis; pain; patient compliance; patients; quality of life; sports; therapeutics; tissue repair; women
Abstract:
... In recent years, there is a growing interest in new medical applications of botulinum toxin, including pain control, osteoarthritis treatment, and wound healing. While clinical applications of botulinum toxin seem promising, existing evidence regarding the therapeutic effects is still inadequate. The aim was to assess the efficacy of a single injection of abobotulinumtoxin A into the knee joint ca ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.003

9. Mapping the chemical and sequence space of the ShKT superfamily

Author:
Shafee, Thomas; Mitchell, Michela L.; Norton, Raymond S.
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 95-102
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
Insecta; Mammalia; Nematoda; Reptilia; databases; eukaryotic cells; morphogenesis; potassium channels
Abstract:
... The ShKT superfamily is widely distributed throughout nature and encompasses a wide range of documented functions and processes, from modulation of potassium channels to involvement in morphogenesis pathways. Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs) contain a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) at the C-terminus that is similar in structure to the ShK fold. Despite the structural similarity of the CRD and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.008

10. Nephrotoxicity induced by the venom of Hypnale hypnale from Sri Lanka: Studies on isolated perfused rat kidney and renal tubular cell lines

Author:
Villalta, Mauren; Sampaio, Tiago Lima; de Menezes, Ramon Róseo Paula Pessoa Bezerra; Lima, Dânya Bandeira; Jorge, Antônio Rafael Coelho; Alves, Renata Sousa; Monteiro, Helena Serra Azul; Gawarammana, Indika; Maduwage, Kalana; Malleappah, Roy; León, Guillermo; Martins, Alice M.C.; Gutiérrez, José María
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 40-46
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
acute kidney injury; apoptosis; cell lines; cytotoxicity; glomerular filtration rate; kidneys; membrane potential; mitochondrial membrane; models; necrosis; nephrotoxicity; patients; rats; reactive oxygen species; snake bites; sodium; venoms; India; Sri Lanka
Abstract:
... The hump-nosed pit viper Hypnale hypnale is responsible for a high number of snakebite cases in southwestern India and Sri Lanka. Although most patients only develop local signs and symptoms of envenoming, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that these envenomings may be associated with systemic alterations, including acute kidney injury. In this study we evaluated the renal toxicity of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.014

11. The flavonoid chrysin protects against zearalenone induced reproductive toxicity in male mice

Author:
Del Fabbro, Lucian; Jesse, Cristiano Ricardo; de Gomes, Marcelo Gomes; Borges Filho, Carlos; Donato, Franciele; Souza, Leandro Cattelan; Goes, André Rossito; Furian, Ana Flávia; Boeira, Silvana Peterini
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 13-21
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
antioxidant activity; antioxidants; apoptosis; blood; caspases; chrysin; enzyme activity; estrogenic properties; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione transferase; glutathione-disulfide reductase; inflammation; interleukin-10; males; medicinal properties; mice; myeloperoxidase; protective effect; reproductive toxicology; spermatozoa; testes; testosterone; toxicity; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; zearalenone
Abstract:
... The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) has strong estrogenic effects and elicits reproductive toxicity. Chrysin is a natural flavonoid found in many plant and has a broad range of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of chrysin against ZEA toxicity. Mice received chrysin (5 or 20 mg/kg; ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.004

12. The isolation and characterization of a new snake venom cysteine-rich secretory protein (svCRiSP) from the venom of the Southern Pacific rattlesnake and its effect on vascular permeability

Author:
Suntravat, Montamas; Cromer, Walter E.; Marquez, Jessenia; Galan, Jacob A.; Zawieja, David C.; Davies, Peter; Salazar, Emelyn; Sánchez, Elda E.
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 22-30
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
blood; cation exchange chromatography; cytotoxicity; dose response; gel electrophoresis; human umbilical vein endothelial cells; humans; mass spectrometry; molecular weight; permeability; snake venoms
Abstract:
... A novel snake venom cysteine-rich secretory protein (svCRiSP), Hellerin, was purified from C. o. helleri venom using sequential reverse phase and cation-exchange chromatography. Gel electrophoresis, N-terminal sequencing, and LC-MS/MS sequencing identified a single protein with a molecular mass of approximately 24.8 kDa and confirmed its identity as a svCRiSP. Hellerin had cytotoxic effects on hum ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.006

13. The wound healing potential of a pro-angiogenic peptide purified from Indian Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) venom

Author:
Thakur, Rupamoni; Chattopadhyay, Pronobesh; Mukherjee, Ashis K.
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 78-82
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
Aloe vera; Daboia russelii; antibacterial properties; excision; interleukin-1; interleukin-10; interleukin-6; laboratory animals; mice; models; rats; snake venoms; tissue repair; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... The cutaneous wound healing property of a pro-angiogenic venom peptide (RVVAP) in a cream-based formulation was evaluated using the excision wound healing model on Wistar strain rats. The wound healing potency and modest antibacterial activity of RVVAP was enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) when combined with Aloe vera extract. RVVAP was also found to be non-toxic at the tested dose of 1.0 mg/kg. N ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.009

14. Variability of ferulenol and ferprenin concentration in French giant fennel (Ferula sp.) leaves

Author:
Gault, Gilbert; Lefebvre, Sébastien; Benoit, Etienne; Lattard, Virginie; Grancher, Denis
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.165 pp. 47-55
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
Ferula communis; altitude; chemotypes; coumarins; fennel; leaves; soil; toxicity; France
Abstract:
... Few studies have reported quantitative data about the levels of prenylated coumarins in Ferula sp. Yet, the toxicity of Ferula sp. is only due to the presence of prenylated coumarins and to their concentrations and all studies suggest the existence of several chemotypes within the same species or even within the same variety. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis of different che ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.010