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You searched for: Journal name Transactions of the ASAE Remove constraint Journal name: Transactions of the ASAE Publication year rev 7999-2001 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 7999-2001 Source 2001 v.44 no.6 Remove constraint Source: 2001 v.44 no.6
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1. Aerial CIR Remote Sensing for Weed Density Mapping in a Soybean Field

Author:
Bajwa, S.G.; Tian, L.F.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1965-1974
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
color; image analysis; neural networks; pesticide application; remote sensing; soybeans; sprayers; weeds
Abstract:
... Accurate weed maps are essential for the success of site-specific herbicide application using map-based variable-rate sprayers. In this study, remotely sensed images acquired using an airborne digital color infrared (CIR) sensor were used for mapping and modeling the spatial distribution of weed infestation density within a soybean field. The effect of spatial positioning error associated with dat ...

2. Air Quality and Emission Measurement Methodology at Swine Finishing Buildings

Author:
Heber,A.J.; Ni, J.Q.; Haymore, B.L.; Duggirala, R.K.; Keener, K.M.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1765-1778
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
air; air flow; air pollution; air quality; ammonia; anemometers; buildings; carbon dioxide; chemiluminescence; emissions; field experimentation; finishing; headspace analysis; heat; humidity; hydrogen sulfide; labor; monitoring; nitric oxide; odors; olfactometry; pollutants; sulfur dioxide; swine; temperature; temporal variation; wind speed
Abstract:
... Reliable measurements of air quality and emissions at large livestock buildings with inherently large spatial and temporal variations of pollutant concentrations are relatively difficult and expensive. Appropriate methodologies for such measurements are not readily apparent and techniques and strategies vary widely. Several important technical issues need to be addressed by an air pollutant emissi ...

3. Analysis of the Vibration Mode of Apple Tissue using Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry

Author:
Terasaki,S.; Sakurai, N.; Wada, N.; Yamanishi, T.; Yamamoto, R.; Nevins, D.J.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1697-1705
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
apples; equations; firmness; interferometry; modulus of elasticity; vibration
Abstract:
... Apples placed on a vibrating table were subjected to sine-wave vibrations at specific frequencies, and the response was observed by electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). The speckle pattern was analyzed to determine the vibration modes. The lowest resonant frequency was a longitudinal vibration and the second lowest a 0 S 2 mode. Third and fourth lowest resonant frequencies were estima ...

4. Application of a Watershed Model to Evaluate Management Effects on Point and Nonpoint Source Pollution

Author:
Santhi, C.; Arnold, J.G.; Williams, J.R.; Hauck, L.M.; Dugas, W.A.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1559-1570
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
Soil and Water Assessment Tool model; animal manure management; best management practices; dairy manure; municipal wastewater; nonpoint source pollution; nutrient transport; phosphorus; pollution control; rivers; sediments; total maximum daily load; wastewater treatment; watersheds; Texas
Abstract:
... A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program has been initiated in the North Bosque River Watershed in Texas, USA, where point and nonpoint sources of pollution are of a concern. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which had been validated for flow and sediment and nutrient transport, was applied to quantify the effects of Best Management Practices (BMPs) related to dairy manure management and ...

5. Biodiesel Production from Oils and Fats with High Free Fatty Acids

Author:
Canakci, M.; Van Gerpen, J.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1429-1436
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
animal fats and oils; animal wastes; biodiesel; catalysts; cost effectiveness; diesel engines; diesel fuel; fatty acid composition; feedstocks; foods; free fatty acids; methanol; palmitic acid; restaurants; soybean oil; transesterification; triacylglycerols; vegetable oil; yellow grease
Abstract:
... Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines consisting of the alkyl monoesters of fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. Most of the biodiesel that is currently made uses soybean oil, methanol, and an alkaline catalyst. The high value of soybean oil as a food product makes production of a cost-effective fuel very challenging. However, there are large amounts of low-cost oils and f ...

6. Biological Anoxic/Aerobic Treatment of Swine Waste for Reduction of Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, and Odor

Author:
Pan, P.T.; Drapcho, C.M.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1789-1796
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
ammonia; anaerobic conditions; bacteria; biological treatment; biomass; carbon; chemical oxygen demand; municipal wastewater; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; nitrogen; odors; organic compounds; specific growth rate; swine; waste reduction
Abstract:
... A continuous-flow anoxic/aerobic (A/A) biological treatment system designed to treat swine wastewater was investigated. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the heterotrophic bacteria kinetic parameter values in swine wastewater. Maximum specific growth rate estimates at 20 ° C were low, 0.075 and 0.055 hr -1 for aerobic and anoxic conditions, respectively, indicating that swine wastewat ...

7. CFD Development and Simulation of Flow Fields in Ventilated Spaces with Multiple Occupants

Author:
Wu, B.; Gebremedhin, K.G.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1839-1850
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
air flow; algorithms; cows; equations
Abstract:
... Simulation of flow fields in ventilated spaces with multiple occupants (cows) was conducted using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. Airflow in a ventilated space is affected by the locations of the inlet and outlet, inlet or room shape, and positions of the occupants. Three simulation test cases considered are: (1) four cows standing in a row with one end wall simulating as an inlet, ...

8. Characterizing and Estimating Spatial and Temporal Variability of Times Between Storms

Author:
Bonta, J.V.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1593-1601
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
climate; drought; equations; models; rain; storms; temporal variation; yields; Colorado; Kansas; Nebraska; Wyoming
Abstract:
... An exploratory investigation was conducted on methods to characterize times between storms and estimate a parameter used to identify storms in a precipitation record for the purpose of simulating the occurrence of storms. The parameter is called the "critical duration" (CD) and is fundamental to the operation of a storm-generator model. It is defined as the minimum dry period between storms that s ...

9. Comparing the Performance of WGEN and ClimGen in the Generation of Temperature and Solar Radiation

Author:
Castellvi, F.; Stockle, C.O.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1683-1687
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
climate models; climatic factors; computer software; cumulative distribution; evapotranspiration; meteorological data; simulation models; solar radiation; temperature; United States
Abstract:
... Weather data generation is often used as input to computer programs such as hydrological and crop simulation models. For data generation, one of the most commonly used programs is WGEN. This weather generator produces daily maximum and minimum temperatures and solar radiation data based on serial and cross-correlation matrices with a fixed set of annual coefficients determined using data from U.S. ...

10. Comparison of Viscosity Characteristics of Soybean Oils with a Mineral Oil Two-Stroke Engine Lubricant

Author:
Fernando, S.; Hanna, M.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1403-1407
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
industry; mineral oil; soybean oil; temperature; viscosity
Abstract:
... Soybean oil is a multipurpose oil that is used extensively in industry. The potential use of soybean oil as an alternative lubricant in two-stroke engines was studied. Physical properties of crude, degummed, and methyl ester forms of soybean oil were measured as a function of temperature in preliminary studies. Subsequent laboratory studies of the viscosity of crude and degummed soybean oil reveal ...

11. Criterion for Design and Selection of Injection Tools to Minimize Liquid Manure on the Soil Surface

Author:
Chen, Y.; Tessier, S.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1421-1428
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
ammonia; application rate; injectors; liquid manure; manure spreading; odor emissions; risk; soil; volatilization
Abstract:
... Liquid manure injection can result in significant odor emissions and nutrient losses when manure is not contained in soil but instead overflows to the soil surface. A primary requirement, "no overflow manure," was proposed for liquid manure injection as a means to address these concerns. The relevance of the requirement was demonstrated by examining the ammonia volatilization and odor emissions as ...

12. Design and Evaluation of a Cotton Flow Rate Sensor

Author:
Wilkerson, J.B.; Moody, F.H.; Hart, W.E.; Funk, P.A.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1415-1420
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
cotton; equipment; industry; laboratory techniques; water content
Abstract:
... An optically-based system for measuring cotton flow rate was designed and tested in both field and laboratory environments. Accuracy was documented by comparing actual and predicted load weights. When field-tested on a cotton harvester, results were positive, with an average absolute error of 4.7%. A laboratory test was subsequently designed and conducted to gather data describing relationships be ...

13. Developing a Small Commercial Vibrating Potato Digger. II. Effects of Design Parameters on Draft, Torque, and Power

Author:
Kang, W.S.; Rodriguez, L.A.; Crow, L.D.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1391-1402
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
potatoes; power requirement; regression analysis; torque; vibration
Abstract:
... A single–row commercial potato digger was tested by replacing the fixed blade with a vibrating blade. Four design parameters were generated from amplitude, frequency, and forward velocity data: , the ratio of vibration speed to forward velocity; , the ratio of vibration acceleration to forward velocity; K, the ratio of vibration acceleration to gravitational acceleration; and T, the product of and ...

14. Development of Hot/Cold Plate Apparatus for Determining Heat Transport Mechanisms in Mulch Materials

Author:
Van Donk, S.J.; Tollner, E.W.; McDonald, S.P.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1479-1488
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
air; cold; coolers; crop residues; heat; heat tolerance; mulches; simulation models; soil temperature; thermal conductivity; thermal radiation
Abstract:
... To study the effects of mulches and crop residues on soil temperature, researchers have frequently used simulation models. In such models, quantification of heat transport within the mulch material is often weak and heat transport mechanisms are poorly understood. In this paper we describe an apparatus to quantify heat transport through dry mulch materials. In addition, heat transport mechanisms ( ...

15. Dielectric Moisture Sensor for Cereal Grains and Soybeans

Author:
Lawrence, K.C.; Funk, D.B.; Windham, W.R.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1691-1696
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
ambient temperature; calibration; corn; crop year; durum wheat; hard red spring wheat; hard white wheat; multivariate analysis; population; rough rice; sensors (equipment); soft white wheat; soybeans; water content; winter
Abstract:
... A shielded parallel-plate moisture sensor was designed, calibrated, and verified to sense the wet-basis moisture content of wheat (hard red winter, hard red spring, soft red winter, hard white, soft white, and durum), yellow-dent field corn, long- and medium-grain rough rice, and soybeans. The sensor uses complex reflection coefficient measurements and sample weight to predict the moisture content ...

16. Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions Evaluation of Biodiesel Blends Using a Cummins L10E Engine

Author:
Schumacher, L.G.; Clark, N.N.; Lyons, D.W.; Marshall, W.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1461-1464
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
biodiesel; diesel engines; diesel fuel; emissions; long chain fatty acids; mixing; petroleum; sulfur
Abstract:
... Biodiesel, the mono alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable lipid resources was evaluated for use as a blending agent with heavy alkylates and low sulfur petroleum diesel fuel. The engine selected for testing was a 1992 L10E Cummins diesel engine. The regulated EPA exhaust emissions of the engine were evaluated before and after retarding the injection timing of the engine by 3 ...

17. A Dynamic A Dynamic Simulation Model for Seedling Growth Simulation Model for Seedling Growth

Author:
Hsieh, K.W.; Chen, S.; Chang, W.H.; Lee, M.T.; Chen, C.T.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1949-1954
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
algorithms; cabbage; databases; dynamic models; environmental factors; environmental quality; growth models; neural networks; prediction; quality control; seedling growth; seedlings; simulation models; temperature; water supply
Abstract:
... This study presents a dynamic growth model applicable to automated seedling cultivation. Experiments on the influence of environmental conditions on cabbage seedling quality during three growth stages were conducted in a phytotron, and a growth database was established. An error back propagation neural network was used to analyze experimental data and develop strategies for a dynamic growth model ...

18. Effects of Alternative Process Gases on the Thermochemical Conversion Process of Swine Manure

Author:
He, B.J.; Zhang, Y.; Yin, Y.; Funk, T.L.; Riskowski, G.L.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1873-1880
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
air; chemical oxygen demand; oils; pig manure; temperature; waste reduction; water vapor
Abstract:
... A thermochemical conversion (TCC) process was developed to convert swine manure into an oil product in a high temperature and pressure environment. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of different process gases, including CO, H 2 , CO 2 , N 2 , and compressed air, on the efficiencies of oil production and waste reduction, and to explore the possibility of replacing costly reduci ...

19. Enhancing Dairy Lagoon Performance with High-Rate Anaerobic Digesters

Author:
Hawkins, G.l.; Raman, D.R.; Burns, R.T.; Yoder, R.E.; Cross, T.L.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1825-1831
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
acetic acid; anaerobic digesters; biodegradation; chemical oxygen demand; dairy manure; filters; organic matter; volatile fatty acids
Abstract:
... In a two-stage study, the possibility of using high-rate anaerobic digesters to enhance the performance of dairy lagoons was explored. Four anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBR) and four downflow anaerobic filters (DFAF) were tested, with two of each type operated at 25°C, and the other two at 35°C. The first stage of the experiment explored using the high-rate digesters on liquid effluent fr ...

20. Estimation of Interrill Soil Erosion on Steep Slopes

Author:
Fan, J.C.; Wu, M.F.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1471-1477
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
clay fraction; equations; rain; rain intensity; rainfall simulation; shear strength; soil erosion; soil sampling; soil types; topographic slope; Taiwan
Abstract:
... The relationships between interrill soil erosion rate and several environmental characteristics including slope steepness, soil shear strength, median particle diameter, clay content, and rainfall intensity were evaluated in this study. A programmable rainfall simulator was modified and applied for artificial rainfall simulation. Soil samples collected from six representative Taiwan sites were sie ...