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You searched for: Journal name Transactions of the ASAE Remove constraint Journal name: Transactions of the ASAE Publication Year 2001 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2001
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1. Aerial CIR Remote Sensing for Weed Density Mapping in a Soybean Field

Author:
Bajwa, S.G.; Tian, L.F.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1965-1974
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
color; image analysis; neural networks; pesticide application; remote sensing; soybeans; sprayers; weeds
Abstract:
... Accurate weed maps are essential for the success of site-specific herbicide application using map-based variable-rate sprayers. In this study, remotely sensed images acquired using an airborne digital color infrared (CIR) sensor were used for mapping and modeling the spatial distribution of weed infestation density within a soybean field. The effect of spatial positioning error associated with dat ...

2. Aerial electrostatic spray system performance

Author:
Kirk, I.W.; Hoffmann, W.C.; Carlton, J.B.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.5 pp. 1089-1092
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
cotton; malathion; insect pests; fipronil; Anthonomus grandis grandis; Gossypium hirsutum; Bemisia argentifolii; electrostatic interactions; low volume spraying; insect control
Abstract:
... Production models of a USDA-developed aerial electrostatic spray application system are currently being marketed in the US and abroad. Spray deposit and insect mortality studies conducted on cotton with the USDA prototype are summarized. Spray deposits with the electrostatic system were higher than with conventional aerial application systems. The increased deposits with the electrostatic system d ...
Handle:
10113/16759

3. Air Quality and Emission Measurement Methodology at Swine Finishing Buildings

Author:
Heber,A.J.; Ni, J.Q.; Haymore, B.L.; Duggirala, R.K.; Keener, K.M.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1765-1778
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
air; air flow; air pollution; air quality; ammonia; anemometers; buildings; carbon dioxide; chemiluminescence; emissions; field experimentation; finishing; headspace analysis; heat; humidity; hydrogen sulfide; labor; monitoring; nitric oxide; odors; olfactometry; pollutants; sulfur dioxide; swine; temperature; temporal variation; wind speed
Abstract:
... Reliable measurements of air quality and emissions at large livestock buildings with inherently large spatial and temporal variations of pollutant concentrations are relatively difficult and expensive. Appropriate methodologies for such measurements are not readily apparent and techniques and strategies vary widely. Several important technical issues need to be addressed by an air pollutant emissi ...

4. Analysis of the Vibration Mode of Apple Tissue using Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry

Author:
Terasaki,S.; Sakurai, N.; Wada, N.; Yamanishi, T.; Yamamoto, R.; Nevins, D.J.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1697-1705
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
apples; equations; firmness; interferometry; modulus of elasticity; vibration
Abstract:
... Apples placed on a vibrating table were subjected to sine-wave vibrations at specific frequencies, and the response was observed by electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). The speckle pattern was analyzed to determine the vibration modes. The lowest resonant frequency was a longitudinal vibration and the second lowest a 0 S 2 mode. Third and fourth lowest resonant frequencies were estima ...

5. Analytical methods used in the production and fuel quality assessment of biodiesel

Author:
Knothe, G.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.2 pp. 193-200
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
physical properties; chromatography; biological production; spectroscopy; alternative fuels
Abstract:
... Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel derived from vegetable oil, animal fats, or waste vegetable oils, is obtained by reacting the oil or fat with an alcohol (transesterification) in the presence of a basic catalyst to give the corresponding mono-alkyl esters. Two major categories of methods besides other miscellaneous ones have been reported in the literature for assessing biodiesel fuel quality ...
Handle:
10113/24651

6. Application of a Watershed Model to Evaluate Management Effects on Point and Nonpoint Source Pollution

Author:
Santhi, C.; Arnold, J.G.; Williams, J.R.; Hauck, L.M.; Dugas, W.A.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1559-1570
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
Soil and Water Assessment Tool model; animal manure management; best management practices; dairy manure; municipal wastewater; nonpoint source pollution; nutrient transport; phosphorus; pollution control; rivers; sediments; total maximum daily load; wastewater treatment; watersheds; Texas
Abstract:
... A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program has been initiated in the North Bosque River Watershed in Texas, USA, where point and nonpoint sources of pollution are of a concern. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which had been validated for flow and sediment and nutrient transport, was applied to quantify the effects of Best Management Practices (BMPs) related to dairy manure management and ...

7. Biodiesel Production from Oils and Fats with High Free Fatty Acids

Author:
Canakci, M.; Van Gerpen, J.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1429-1436
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
animal fats and oils; animal wastes; biodiesel; catalysts; cost effectiveness; diesel engines; diesel fuel; fatty acid composition; feedstocks; foods; free fatty acids; methanol; palmitic acid; restaurants; soybean oil; transesterification; triacylglycerols; vegetable oil; yellow grease
Abstract:
... Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines consisting of the alkyl monoesters of fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. Most of the biodiesel that is currently made uses soybean oil, methanol, and an alkaline catalyst. The high value of soybean oil as a food product makes production of a cost-effective fuel very challenging. However, there are large amounts of low-cost oils and f ...

8. Biological Anoxic/Aerobic Treatment of Swine Waste for Reduction of Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, and Odor

Author:
Pan, P.T.; Drapcho, C.M.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1789-1796
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
ammonia; anaerobic conditions; bacteria; biological treatment; biomass; carbon; chemical oxygen demand; municipal wastewater; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; nitrogen; odors; organic compounds; specific growth rate; swine; waste reduction
Abstract:
... A continuous-flow anoxic/aerobic (A/A) biological treatment system designed to treat swine wastewater was investigated. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the heterotrophic bacteria kinetic parameter values in swine wastewater. Maximum specific growth rate estimates at 20 ° C were low, 0.075 and 0.055 hr -1 for aerobic and anoxic conditions, respectively, indicating that swine wastewat ...

9. CFD Development and Simulation of Flow Fields in Ventilated Spaces with Multiple Occupants

Author:
Wu, B.; Gebremedhin, K.G.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1839-1850
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
air flow; algorithms; cows; equations
Abstract:
... Simulation of flow fields in ventilated spaces with multiple occupants (cows) was conducted using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. Airflow in a ventilated space is affected by the locations of the inlet and outlet, inlet or room shape, and positions of the occupants. Three simulation test cases considered are: (1) four cows standing in a row with one end wall simulating as an inlet, ...

10. Characterizing and Estimating Spatial and Temporal Variability of Times Between Storms

Author:
Bonta, J.V.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1593-1601
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
climate; drought; equations; models; rain; storms; temporal variation; yields; Colorado; Kansas; Nebraska; Wyoming
Abstract:
... An exploratory investigation was conducted on methods to characterize times between storms and estimate a parameter used to identify storms in a precipitation record for the purpose of simulating the occurrence of storms. The parameter is called the "critical duration" (CD) and is fundamental to the operation of a storm-generator model. It is defined as the minimum dry period between storms that s ...

11. Comparing the Performance of WGEN and ClimGen in the Generation of Temperature and Solar Radiation

Author:
Castellvi, F.; Stockle, C.O.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1683-1687
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
climate models; climatic factors; computer software; cumulative distribution; evapotranspiration; meteorological data; simulation models; solar radiation; temperature; United States
Abstract:
... Weather data generation is often used as input to computer programs such as hydrological and crop simulation models. For data generation, one of the most commonly used programs is WGEN. This weather generator produces daily maximum and minimum temperatures and solar radiation data based on serial and cross-correlation matrices with a fixed set of annual coefficients determined using data from U.S. ...

12. Comparison of Viscosity Characteristics of Soybean Oils with a Mineral Oil Two-Stroke Engine Lubricant

Author:
Fernando, S.; Hanna, M.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1403-1407
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
industry; mineral oil; soybean oil; temperature; viscosity
Abstract:
... Soybean oil is a multipurpose oil that is used extensively in industry. The potential use of soybean oil as an alternative lubricant in two-stroke engines was studied. Physical properties of crude, degummed, and methyl ester forms of soybean oil were measured as a function of temperature in preliminary studies. Subsequent laboratory studies of the viscosity of crude and degummed soybean oil reveal ...

13. Criterion for Design and Selection of Injection Tools to Minimize Liquid Manure on the Soil Surface

Author:
Chen, Y.; Tessier, S.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1421-1428
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
ammonia; application rate; injectors; liquid manure; manure spreading; odor emissions; risk; soil; volatilization
Abstract:
... Liquid manure injection can result in significant odor emissions and nutrient losses when manure is not contained in soil but instead overflows to the soil surface. A primary requirement, "no overflow manure," was proposed for liquid manure injection as a means to address these concerns. The relevance of the requirement was demonstrated by examining the ammonia volatilization and odor emissions as ...

14. Delineation of site-specific management zones by unsupervised classification of topographic attributes and soil electrical conductivity

Author:
Fraisse, C.W.; Sudduth, K.A.; Kitchen, N.R.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.1 pp. 155-166
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
precision agriculture; topography; electrical conductivity; geographic information systems; algorithms
Abstract:
... The objective of this research was to determine if unsupervised classification of topographic attributes and soil electrical conductivity could identify management zones for use in precision agriculture. Data collected in two fields located in central Missouri were used to test the proposed methodology. Principal component analysis was used to determine which layers of data were most important for ...
Handle:
10113/26630

15. Design and Evaluation of a Cotton Flow Rate Sensor

Author:
Wilkerson, J.B.; Moody, F.H.; Hart, W.E.; Funk, P.A.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1415-1420
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
cotton; equipment; industry; laboratory techniques; water content
Abstract:
... An optically-based system for measuring cotton flow rate was designed and tested in both field and laboratory environments. Accuracy was documented by comparing actual and predicted load weights. When field-tested on a cotton harvester, results were positive, with an average absolute error of 4.7%. A laboratory test was subsequently designed and conducted to gather data describing relationships be ...

16. Design of an optical weed sensor using plant spectral characteristics

Author:
Wang, N.; Zhang, N.; Dowell, F.E.; Sun, Y.; Peterson, D.E.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.2 pp. 409-419
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
design; precision agriculture; weeds; spectral analysis; measurement; reflectance
Abstract:
... Spectral characteristics of stems and leaves of various crop and weed species were studied using a diode-array spectrometer. Five feature wavelengths were selected to form color indices as input variables to a classification model for weed detection. The feature wavelengths also served as the basis for design of an optical weed sensor. Based on experimental data, color indices insensitive to illum ...
Handle:
10113/42763

17. Detection of pinholes in almonds through X-ray imaging

Author:
Kim, S.; Schatzki, T.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.4 pp. 997-1003
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
almonds; detection; sorting; crop damage; X-radiation; image analysis
Abstract:
... Pinhole insect damage in natural almonds (i.e., in nuts with the brown skin intact) is very difficult to detect on line. For quality reasons, methods to detect and remove such damaged nuts are of great importance. In this study, we explored the possibility of using X-ray imaging to detect pinhole damage in almonds by insects. X-ray film and x-ray line-scanned images of 522 pinhole-damaged almonds ...
Handle:
10113/26644

18. Determining soil water characteristics for application of WEPP model in south Florida

Author:
Savabi, M.R.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.1 pp. 59-70
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
saturated hydraulic conductivity; soil water retention; erodibility; interrill erosion; simulation models
Abstract:
... Knowledge of soil water characteristics, such as soil hydraulic conductivity, soil erodibility, and soil water retention, are required for the application of a surface hydrology model in south Florida. However, these data are limited for the soils of south Florida. Also, there are no standard methods for determining soil hydraulic properties such as saturated hydraulic conductivity, erodibility, a ...
Handle:
10113/26629

19. Developing a Small Commercial Vibrating Potato Digger. II. Effects of Design Parameters on Draft, Torque, and Power

Author:
Kang, W.S.; Rodriguez, L.A.; Crow, L.D.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1391-1402
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
potatoes; power requirement; regression analysis; torque; vibration
Abstract:
... A single–row commercial potato digger was tested by replacing the fixed blade with a vibrating blade. Four design parameters were generated from amplitude, frequency, and forward velocity data: , the ratio of vibration speed to forward velocity; , the ratio of vibration acceleration to forward velocity; K, the ratio of vibration acceleration to gravitational acceleration; and T, the product of and ...

20. Development of Hot/Cold Plate Apparatus for Determining Heat Transport Mechanisms in Mulch Materials

Author:
Van Donk, S.J.; Tollner, E.W.; McDonald, S.P.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1479-1488
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
air; cold; coolers; crop residues; heat; heat tolerance; mulches; simulation models; soil temperature; thermal conductivity; thermal radiation
Abstract:
... To study the effects of mulches and crop residues on soil temperature, researchers have frequently used simulation models. In such models, quantification of heat transport within the mulch material is often weak and heat transport mechanisms are poorly understood. In this paper we describe an apparatus to quantify heat transport through dry mulch materials. In addition, heat transport mechanisms ( ...