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You searched for: Journal name Transactions of the ASAE Remove constraint Journal name: Transactions of the ASAE Publication Year 2001 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2001
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1. Accuracy of Tracking Forest Machines with GPS

Author:
Veal, M.W.; Taylor, S.E.; McDonald, T.P.; McLemore, D.K.; Dunn, M.R.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1903-1911
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
canopy; forests; global positioning systems; skidders
Abstract:
... This paper describes the results of a study that measured the accuracy of using GPS to track movement of forest machines. Two different commercially available GPS receivers (Trimble ProXR and GeoExplorer II) were used to track wheeled skidders under three different canopy conditions at two different vehicle speeds. Dynamic GPS data were compared to position data established through precision surve ...

2. Aerial CIR Remote Sensing for Weed Density Mapping in a Soybean Field

Author:
Bajwa, S.G.; Tian, L.F.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1965-1974
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
color; image analysis; neural networks; pesticide application; remote sensing; soybeans; sprayers; weeds
Abstract:
... Accurate weed maps are essential for the success of site-specific herbicide application using map-based variable-rate sprayers. In this study, remotely sensed images acquired using an airborne digital color infrared (CIR) sensor were used for mapping and modeling the spatial distribution of weed infestation density within a soybean field. The effect of spatial positioning error associated with dat ...

3. Aerial electrostatic spray system performance

Author:
Kirk, I.W.; Hoffmann, W.C.; Carlton, J.B.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.5 pp. 1089-1092
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
cotton; malathion; insect pests; fipronil; Anthonomus grandis grandis; Gossypium hirsutum; Bemisia argentifolii; electrostatic interactions; low volume spraying; insect control
Abstract:
... Production models of a USDA-developed aerial electrostatic spray application system are currently being marketed in the US and abroad. Spray deposit and insect mortality studies conducted on cotton with the USDA prototype are summarized. Spray deposits with the electrostatic system were higher than with conventional aerial application systems. The increased deposits with the electrostatic system d ...
Handle:
10113/16759

4. Air Quality and Emission Measurement Methodology at Swine Finishing Buildings

Author:
Heber,A.J.; Ni, J.Q.; Haymore, B.L.; Duggirala, R.K.; Keener, K.M.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1765-1778
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
air; air flow; air pollution; air quality; ammonia; anemometers; buildings; carbon dioxide; chemiluminescence; emissions; field experimentation; finishing; headspace analysis; heat; humidity; hydrogen sulfide; labor; monitoring; nitric oxide; odors; olfactometry; pollutants; sulfur dioxide; swine; temperature; temporal variation; wind speed
Abstract:
... Reliable measurements of air quality and emissions at large livestock buildings with inherently large spatial and temporal variations of pollutant concentrations are relatively difficult and expensive. Appropriate methodologies for such measurements are not readily apparent and techniques and strategies vary widely. Several important technical issues need to be addressed by an air pollutant emissi ...

5. Airborne Multispectral Imagery for Mapping Variable Growing Conditions and Yields of Cotton, Grain Sorghum, and Corn

Author:
Yang, C.; Bradford, J.M.; Wiegand, C.L.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1983-1984
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
Gossypium hirsutum; Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor; Zea mays; arid lands; conventional tillage; corn; cotton; crop yield; equations; geographic information systems; global positioning systems; grain sorghum; growing season; image analysis; information technology; minimum tillage; multispectral imagery; plant growth; planting; population; remote sensing; vegetation index; yield mapping; yield monitoring
Abstract:
... Airborne remote sensing is becoming increasingly useful for mapping plant growth and yield variations in precision agriculture, but operational methodologies are not well developed nor tested. The main objective of this study was to integrate airborne multispectral imagery, ground observations, global positioning systems (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS), image processing, and yield moni ...

6. Airflow Patterns Related to Polluted Air Dispersion in Open Free-Stall Dairy Houses with Different Roof Shapes

Author:
Ikeguchi, A.; Okushima, L.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1797-1805
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
air; air flow; free stalls; models; momentum; wind direction; wind tunnels
Abstract:
... One-thirtieth scale models of naturally ventilated free-stall dairy houses were tested in a wind tunnel to investigate the relationship between roof type (open-ridge, semi-monitor, mono-slope), roof slope angle (16.7 ° , 18.4 ° ), and wind direction and air movement inside and outside the house. Dispersion properties of gaseous contaminants from the house were predicted from these air movement res ...

7. Alternative Jet Fuels from Vegetable Oils

Author:
Dunn, R.O.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1751-1757
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
additives; air; air quality; aircraft; altitude; ambient temperature; animal fats and oils; aviation; biodiesel; bubbles; cold; combustion; emissions; esters; fatty acids; fluid mechanics; guidelines; vegetable oil
Abstract:
... Air quality standards set forth by the Clean Air Act and its amendments have established guidelines for reduction of harmful ground level emissions from the aviation sector. Biodiesel, defined as the mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from vegetable oil or animal fat, in application as an extender for combustion in compression ignition (diesel) engines, has demonstrated a number of promising ...

8. Analysis of the Vibration Mode of Apple Tissue using Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry

Author:
Terasaki,S.; Sakurai, N.; Wada, N.; Yamanishi, T.; Yamamoto, R.; Nevins, D.J.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1697-1705
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
apples; equations; firmness; interferometry; modulus of elasticity; vibration
Abstract:
... Apples placed on a vibrating table were subjected to sine-wave vibrations at specific frequencies, and the response was observed by electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). The speckle pattern was analyzed to determine the vibration modes. The lowest resonant frequency was a longitudinal vibration and the second lowest a 0 S 2 mode. Third and fourth lowest resonant frequencies were estima ...

9. Analytical methods used in the production and fuel quality assessment of biodiesel

Author:
Knothe, G.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.2 pp. 193-200
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
physical properties; chromatography; biological production; spectroscopy; alternative fuels
Abstract:
... Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel derived from vegetable oil, animal fats, or waste vegetable oils, is obtained by reacting the oil or fat with an alcohol (transesterification) in the presence of a basic catalyst to give the corresponding mono-alkyl esters. Two major categories of methods besides other miscellaneous ones have been reported in the literature for assessing biodiesel fuel quality ...
Handle:
10113/24651

10. Application of a Strain Gauge Array to Estimate Soil Mechanical Impedance On-the-Go

Author:
Adamchuk, V.I.; Morgan, M.T.; Sumali, H.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1377-1383
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
deformation; static load; gauges; soil; field experimentation; global positioning systems
Abstract:
... A vertical smooth blade with an array of strain gauges was designed to dynamically measure mechanical impedance of soil at multiple depths. As the blade (tapered cantilevered beam) cuts through the soil, strain gauges detect deformation caused by varying soil resistance. Recorded strain data was used to estimate resistance pressure at different depths that caused the same deformation of the blade ...

11. Application of a Watershed Model to Evaluate Management Effects on Point and Nonpoint Source Pollution

Author:
Santhi, C.; Arnold, J.G.; Williams, J.R.; Hauck, L.M.; Dugas, W.A.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1559-1570
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
Soil and Water Assessment Tool model; animal manure management; best management practices; dairy manure; municipal wastewater; nonpoint source pollution; nutrient transport; phosphorus; pollution control; rivers; sediments; total maximum daily load; wastewater treatment; watersheds; Texas
Abstract:
... A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program has been initiated in the North Bosque River Watershed in Texas, USA, where point and nonpoint sources of pollution are of a concern. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which had been validated for flow and sediment and nutrient transport, was applied to quantify the effects of Best Management Practices (BMPs) related to dairy manure management and ...

12. Assessment of an Agricultural Spray in a Non-Uniform Cross-Flow

Author:
Farooq, M.; Balachandar, R.; Wolf, T.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1455-1460
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
Axis axis; diameter; droplets; spray drift; wind tunnels
Abstract:
... Spray from an agricultural flat fan nozzle was studied in the presence of a non-uniform crosswind velocity profile in a wind tunnel to examine the size-velocity characteristics, the movement of the droplets in the wake of the spray pattern, and to define spray drift potential. The spray was generated at 275 kPa pressure in the presence of a 5 km/h mean crosswind. Size and velocity components of th ...

13. Biodiesel Emissions Data from Series 60 DDC Engines

Author:
Schumacher, L.G.; Marshall, W.; Krahl, J.; Wetherell, W.B.; Grabowski, M.S.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1465-1468
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
biodiesel; diesel engines; diesel fuel; environmental protection; gas emissions; particulates; petroleum
Abstract:
... This study compared two Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) Series 60 DDC engines that were fueled with various blends of biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel to gain a deeper understanding of (1) exhaust emissions regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency; (2) selected fuel related properties, and (3) power/performance characteristics.The results of this study are in general agreement with stu ...

14. Biodiesel Production from Oils and Fats with High Free Fatty Acids

Author:
Canakci, M.; Van Gerpen, J.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1429-1436
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
animal fats and oils; animal wastes; biodiesel; catalysts; cost effectiveness; diesel engines; diesel fuel; fatty acid composition; feedstocks; foods; free fatty acids; methanol; palmitic acid; restaurants; soybean oil; transesterification; triacylglycerols; vegetable oil; yellow grease
Abstract:
... Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines consisting of the alkyl monoesters of fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. Most of the biodiesel that is currently made uses soybean oil, methanol, and an alkaline catalyst. The high value of soybean oil as a food product makes production of a cost-effective fuel very challenging. However, there are large amounts of low-cost oils and f ...

15. Biological Anoxic/Aerobic Treatment of Swine Waste for Reduction of Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, and Odor

Author:
Pan, P.T.; Drapcho, C.M.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1789-1796
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
ammonia; anaerobic conditions; bacteria; biological treatment; biomass; carbon; chemical oxygen demand; municipal wastewater; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; nitrogen; odors; organic compounds; specific growth rate; swine; waste reduction
Abstract:
... A continuous-flow anoxic/aerobic (A/A) biological treatment system designed to treat swine wastewater was investigated. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the heterotrophic bacteria kinetic parameter values in swine wastewater. Maximum specific growth rate estimates at 20 ° C were low, 0.075 and 0.055 hr -1 for aerobic and anoxic conditions, respectively, indicating that swine wastewat ...

16. CFD Development and Simulation of Flow Fields in Ventilated Spaces with Multiple Occupants

Author:
Wu, B.; Gebremedhin, K.G.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1839-1850
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
air flow; algorithms; cows; equations
Abstract:
... Simulation of flow fields in ventilated spaces with multiple occupants (cows) was conducted using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. Airflow in a ventilated space is affected by the locations of the inlet and outlet, inlet or room shape, and positions of the occupants. Three simulation test cases considered are: (1) four cows standing in a row with one end wall simulating as an inlet, ...

17. Characterizing and Estimating Spatial and Temporal Variability of Times Between Storms

Author:
Bonta, J.V.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1593-1601
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
climate; drought; equations; models; rain; storms; temporal variation; yields; Colorado; Kansas; Nebraska; Wyoming
Abstract:
... An exploratory investigation was conducted on methods to characterize times between storms and estimate a parameter used to identify storms in a precipitation record for the purpose of simulating the occurrence of storms. The parameter is called the "critical duration" (CD) and is fundamental to the operation of a storm-generator model. It is defined as the minimum dry period between storms that s ...

18. Comparing the Performance of WGEN and ClimGen in the Generation of Temperature and Solar Radiation

Author:
Castellvi, F.; Stockle, C.O.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1683-1687
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
climate models; climatic factors; computer software; cumulative distribution; evapotranspiration; meteorological data; simulation models; solar radiation; temperature; United States
Abstract:
... Weather data generation is often used as input to computer programs such as hydrological and crop simulation models. For data generation, one of the most commonly used programs is WGEN. This weather generator produces daily maximum and minimum temperatures and solar radiation data based on serial and cross-correlation matrices with a fixed set of annual coefficients determined using data from U.S. ...

19. Comparison of Viscosity Characteristics of Soybean Oils with a Mineral Oil Two-Stroke Engine Lubricant

Author:
Fernando, S.; Hanna, M.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1403-1407
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
industry; mineral oil; soybean oil; temperature; viscosity
Abstract:
... Soybean oil is a multipurpose oil that is used extensively in industry. The potential use of soybean oil as an alternative lubricant in two-stroke engines was studied. Physical properties of crude, degummed, and methyl ester forms of soybean oil were measured as a function of temperature in preliminary studies. Subsequent laboratory studies of the viscosity of crude and degummed soybean oil reveal ...

20. Comparisons of uniform and variable rate nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer applications for grain sorghum

Author:
Yang, C.; Everitt, J.H.; Bradford, J.M.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.2 pp. 201-209
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
profitability; phosphorus fertilizers; precision agriculture; crop yield; variable rate application; Sorghum (Poaceae); nitrogen fertilizers; Texas
Abstract:
... Variable rate fertilizer application has the potential to improve fertilizer use efficiency, increase economic returns, and reduce environmental impacts. This study was designed to examine differences in yield and economic returns between uniform and variable rate fertilizer applications. During the 1997 and 1998 growing seasons, a variable rate applicator, capable of varying two liquid fertilizer ...
Handle:
10113/26632

21. Criterion for Design and Selection of Injection Tools to Minimize Liquid Manure on the Soil Surface

Author:
Chen, Y.; Tessier, S.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1421-1428
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
ammonia; application rate; injectors; liquid manure; manure spreading; odor emissions; risk; soil; volatilization
Abstract:
... Liquid manure injection can result in significant odor emissions and nutrient losses when manure is not contained in soil but instead overflows to the soil surface. A primary requirement, "no overflow manure," was proposed for liquid manure injection as a means to address these concerns. The relevance of the requirement was demonstrated by examining the ammonia volatilization and odor emissions as ...

22. Cropping and Tillage Effects on Soil Roughness Indexes

Author:
Zoebeck, T.M.; Popham, T.W.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1527-1536
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
Gossypium hirsutum; Paleustalfs; Paleustolls; Sorghum bicolor; cotton; crops; fallow; microrelief; models; prediction; ridging; rolling; roughness; tillage; wind erosion; Texas
Abstract:
... Several soil roughness indexes have been proposed or are being used in wind erosion prediction models, yet little is known about the effects of tillage, soils and cropping systems on the indexes. In this study, we test the hypotheses that roughness indexes related to the wind erosion process vary with type of tillage, can be functionally related to precipitation, and can be estimated by a random r ...

23. Delineation of site-specific management zones by unsupervised classification of topographic attributes and soil electrical conductivity

Author:
Fraisse, C.W.; Sudduth, K.A.; Kitchen, N.R.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.1 pp. 155-166
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
precision agriculture; topography; electrical conductivity; geographic information systems; algorithms
Abstract:
... The objective of this research was to determine if unsupervised classification of topographic attributes and soil electrical conductivity could identify management zones for use in precision agriculture. Data collected in two fields located in central Missouri were used to test the proposed methodology. Principal component analysis was used to determine which layers of data were most important for ...
Handle:
10113/26630

24. Design and Evaluation of a Cotton Flow Rate Sensor

Author:
Wilkerson, J.B.; Moody, F.H.; Hart, W.E.; Funk, P.A.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1415-1420
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
cotton; equipment; industry; laboratory techniques; water content
Abstract:
... An optically-based system for measuring cotton flow rate was designed and tested in both field and laboratory environments. Accuracy was documented by comparing actual and predicted load weights. When field-tested on a cotton harvester, results were positive, with an average absolute error of 4.7%. A laboratory test was subsequently designed and conducted to gather data describing relationships be ...

25. Design of an optical weed sensor using plant spectral characteristics

Author:
Wang, N.; Zhang, N.; Dowell, F.E.; Sun, Y.; Peterson, D.E.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.2 pp. 409-419
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
design; precision agriculture; weeds; spectral analysis; measurement; reflectance
Abstract:
... Spectral characteristics of stems and leaves of various crop and weed species were studied using a diode-array spectrometer. Five feature wavelengths were selected to form color indices as input variables to a classification model for weed detection. The feature wavelengths also served as the basis for design of an optical weed sensor. Based on experimental data, color indices insensitive to illum ...
Handle:
10113/42763

26. Detecting aflatoxin in single corn kernels by transmittance and reflectance spectroscopy

Author:
Pearson, T.C.; Wicklow, D.T.; Maghirang, E.B.; Xie, F.; Dowell, F.E.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.5 pp. 1247-1254
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
transmittance; seeds; food contamination; microbial contamination; corn; aflatoxins; near-infrared spectroscopy; reflectance; detection
Abstract:
... Transmittance spectra (500 to 950 nm) and reflectance spectra (550 to 1700 nm) were analyzed to determine if they could be used to distinguish aflatoxin contamination in single whole corn kernels. Spectra were obtained on whole corn kernels exhibiting various levels of bright greenish-yellow fluorescence. Afterwards, each kernel was analyzed for aflatoxin following the USDA-FGIS Aflatest affinity ...
Handle:
10113/25944

27. Detection of pinholes in almonds through X-ray imaging

Author:
Kim, S.; Schatzki, T.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.4 pp. 997-1003
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
almonds; detection; sorting; crop damage; X-radiation; image analysis
Abstract:
... Pinhole insect damage in natural almonds (i.e., in nuts with the brown skin intact) is very difficult to detect on line. For quality reasons, methods to detect and remove such damaged nuts are of great importance. In this study, we explored the possibility of using X-ray imaging to detect pinhole damage in almonds by insects. X-ray film and x-ray line-scanned images of 522 pinhole-damaged almonds ...
Handle:
10113/26644

28. Determining soil water characteristics for application of WEPP model in south Florida

Author:
Savabi, M.R.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.1 pp. 59-70
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
saturated hydraulic conductivity; soil water retention; erodibility; interrill erosion; simulation models
Abstract:
... Knowledge of soil water characteristics, such as soil hydraulic conductivity, soil erodibility, and soil water retention, are required for the application of a surface hydrology model in south Florida. However, these data are limited for the soils of south Florida. Also, there are no standard methods for determining soil hydraulic properties such as saturated hydraulic conductivity, erodibility, a ...
Handle:
10113/26629

29. Developing a Small Commercial Vibrating Potato Digger. II. Effects of Design Parameters on Draft, Torque, and Power

Author:
Kang, W.S.; Rodriguez, L.A.; Crow, L.D.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1391-1402
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
potatoes; power requirement; regression analysis; torque; vibration
Abstract:
... A single–row commercial potato digger was tested by replacing the fixed blade with a vibrating blade. Four design parameters were generated from amplitude, frequency, and forward velocity data: , the ratio of vibration speed to forward velocity; , the ratio of vibration acceleration to forward velocity; K, the ratio of vibration acceleration to gravitational acceleration; and T, the product of and ...

30. Development of Hot/Cold Plate Apparatus for Determining Heat Transport Mechanisms in Mulch Materials

Author:
Van Donk, S.J.; Tollner, E.W.; McDonald, S.P.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1479-1488
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
air; cold; coolers; crop residues; heat; heat tolerance; mulches; simulation models; soil temperature; thermal conductivity; thermal radiation
Abstract:
... To study the effects of mulches and crop residues on soil temperature, researchers have frequently used simulation models. In such models, quantification of heat transport within the mulch material is often weak and heat transport mechanisms are poorly understood. In this paper we describe an apparatus to quantify heat transport through dry mulch materials. In addition, heat transport mechanisms ( ...

31. Dielectric Moisture Sensor for Cereal Grains and Soybeans

Author:
Lawrence, K.C.; Funk, D.B.; Windham, W.R.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1691-1696
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
ambient temperature; calibration; corn; crop year; durum wheat; hard red spring wheat; hard white wheat; multivariate analysis; population; rough rice; sensors (equipment); soft white wheat; soybeans; water content; winter
Abstract:
... A shielded parallel-plate moisture sensor was designed, calibrated, and verified to sense the wet-basis moisture content of wheat (hard red winter, hard red spring, soft red winter, hard white, soft white, and durum), yellow-dent field corn, long- and medium-grain rough rice, and soybeans. The sensor uses complex reflection coefficient measurements and sample weight to predict the moisture content ...

32. Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions Evaluation of Biodiesel Blends Using a Cummins L10E Engine

Author:
Schumacher, L.G.; Clark, N.N.; Lyons, D.W.; Marshall, W.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1461-1464
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
biodiesel; diesel engines; diesel fuel; emissions; long chain fatty acids; mixing; petroleum; sulfur
Abstract:
... Biodiesel, the mono alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable lipid resources was evaluated for use as a blending agent with heavy alkylates and low sulfur petroleum diesel fuel. The engine selected for testing was a 1992 L10E Cummins diesel engine. The regulated EPA exhaust emissions of the engine were evaluated before and after retarding the injection timing of the engine by 3 ...

33. A Dynamic A Dynamic Simulation Model for Seedling Growth Simulation Model for Seedling Growth

Author:
Hsieh, K.W.; Chen, S.; Chang, W.H.; Lee, M.T.; Chen, C.T.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1949-1954
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
algorithms; cabbage; databases; dynamic models; environmental factors; environmental quality; growth models; neural networks; prediction; quality control; seedling growth; seedlings; simulation models; temperature; water supply
Abstract:
... This study presents a dynamic growth model applicable to automated seedling cultivation. Experiments on the influence of environmental conditions on cabbage seedling quality during three growth stages were conducted in a phytotron, and a growth database was established. An error back propagation neural network was used to analyze experimental data and develop strategies for a dynamic growth model ...

34. Effect of Temperature and Moisture on Dynamic Viscoelastic Properties of Soybeans

Author:
Singh, P.P.; Maier, D.E.; Campanella, O.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1713-1719
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
ambient temperature; cotyledons; crushing; energy; flaking; glass transition; glass transition temperature; industry; oils; soybeans; viscoelasticity; water content
Abstract:
... The soybean crushing industry utilizes conditioning in the temperature range of 60-90 ° C and moisture range of 9-12% to modify the viscoelastic properties of cracked soybeans in order to make them more deformable and to produce thin flakes for oil extraction. Viscoelastic properties of soybean cotyledons, namely G' and tan d in the temperature range of 30-120 ° C and moisture range or 9.5-12.8% w ...

35. Effects of Alternative Process Gases on the Thermochemical Conversion Process of Swine Manure

Author:
He, B.J.; Zhang, Y.; Yin, Y.; Funk, T.L.; Riskowski, G.L.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1873-1880
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
air; chemical oxygen demand; oils; pig manure; temperature; waste reduction; water vapor
Abstract:
... A thermochemical conversion (TCC) process was developed to convert swine manure into an oil product in a high temperature and pressure environment. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of different process gases, including CO, H 2 , CO 2 , N 2 , and compressed air, on the efficiencies of oil production and waste reduction, and to explore the possibility of replacing costly reduci ...

36. Energy Efficiency of a New Heat Pump System for Drying Grain

Author:
Wang, D.; Chang, C.S.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1745-1750
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
air; air flow; corn; dryers; drying; energy efficiency; energy transfer; grain sorghum; harvest date; heat exchangers; heat pumps; temperature; water content
Abstract:
... An experimental closed-loop heat pump grain drying system was designed and evaluated for energy performance while drying shelled corn and grain sorghum. The system was designed based on an estimated heat pump coefficient of performance (COP) of 4.0, an air-to-air exchanger efficiency of 80%, and a fan efficiency of 50%. The objective of this research was to develop and evaluate a closed-loop heat- ...

37. Enhanced animal waste management through application of surfactants to soil material: laboratory feasibility testing

Author:
Allred, B.; Brown, G.O.; Brandvold, L.A.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.3 pp. 513-524
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
surfactants; sandy loam soils; hydraulic conductivity; diffusivity; soil water movement; waste treatment; soil management; animal manures; excreta
Abstract:
... Laboratory testing was conducted to determine the feasibility of using surfactants to enhance soil performance with regard to animal waste management at feedlot and dairy sites. Three surfactants, one anionic (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) and two cationic (polyoxypropylene methyl diethyl ammonium chloride and tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide), were tested on a sandy loam. The best surfac ...
Handle:
10113/26647

38. Enhancing Dairy Lagoon Performance with High-Rate Anaerobic Digesters

Author:
Hawkins, G.l.; Raman, D.R.; Burns, R.T.; Yoder, R.E.; Cross, T.L.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1825-1831
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
acetic acid; anaerobic digesters; biodegradation; chemical oxygen demand; dairy manure; filters; organic matter; volatile fatty acids
Abstract:
... In a two-stage study, the possibility of using high-rate anaerobic digesters to enhance the performance of dairy lagoons was explored. Four anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBR) and four downflow anaerobic filters (DFAF) were tested, with two of each type operated at 25°C, and the other two at 35°C. The first stage of the experiment explored using the high-rate digesters on liquid effluent fr ...

39. Erosion of fractured materials

Author:
Robinson, K.M.; Hanson, G.J.; Cook, K.R.; Kadavy, K.C.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.4 pp. 819-823
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
gully erosion; soil parent materials; erodibility
Abstract:
... The natural fracture patterns that often exist in soil and rock materials are believed to have a major influence on how these materials erode. Material that normally would not be expected to erode when exposed to flowing water can fail along existing fracture planes. Conventional strength testing does not necessarily account for these potential failure surfaces. The objective of this study was to ...
Handle:
10113/26641

40. Estimation of Drop Size and Kinetic Energy from a Rotating Spray-Plate Sprinkler

Author:
DeBoer, D.W.; Monnens, M.J.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1571-1580
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
computer simulation; energy flow; irrigation water; sprinkler irrigation; sprinklers
Abstract:
... Procedures for detecting drop sizes and associated kinetic energies for irrigation sprinklers are time-consuming and/or capital intensive. A quick, inexpensive, and reasonably accurate procedure was developed for the estimation of d 50 drop size and energy flux density (specific power) changes with distance for two rotating spray-plate irrigation sprinklers. Results from a single-leg irrigation sp ...

41. Estimation of Interrill Soil Erosion on Steep Slopes

Author:
Fan, J.C.; Wu, M.F.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1471-1477
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
clay fraction; equations; rain; rain intensity; rainfall simulation; shear strength; soil erosion; soil sampling; soil types; topographic slope; Taiwan
Abstract:
... The relationships between interrill soil erosion rate and several environmental characteristics including slope steepness, soil shear strength, median particle diameter, clay content, and rainfall intensity were evaluated in this study. A programmable rainfall simulator was modified and applied for artificial rainfall simulation. Soil samples collected from six representative Taiwan sites were sie ...

42. Estrus Detection with a Progesterone Biosensor

Author:
Delwiche, M.; Tang, X.; BonDurant R.; Munro, C.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 2003-2008
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
biosensors; cows; decision making; estrus; estrus detection; herds; lactation; milk; progesterone; radioimmunoassays
Abstract:
... The objectives of this research were to demonstrate the ability of a biosensor to track the bovine estrous cycle by on-line measurement of milk progesterone and to evaluate the potential for detection of ovulatory events as compared with standard estrus detection methods. Daily measurements were made at the UC Davis research dairy on 11 nonpregnant cows, 17 to 57 days post-partum, over a period of ...

43. Evaluation of AnnAGNPS on Mississippi Delta MSEA watersheds

Author:
Yuan, Y.; Bingner, R.L.; Rebich, R.A.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.5 pp. 1183-1190
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
watersheds; crop production; crop management; cover crops; winter; pollution control; water pollution; erosion control; water erosion; sediment yield; simulation models; agricultural land; losses from soil; runoff; prediction; best management practices; nonpoint source pollution; Mississippi
Abstract:
... Sediment and its associated pollutants entering a water body can be very destructive to the health of that system. Best Management Practices (BMPs) can be used to reduce these pollutants, but understanding the most effective practices is very difficult. Watershed models are the most cost-effective tools to aid in the decision-making process of selecting the BMP that is most effective in reducing t ...
Handle:
10113/26652

44. Evaluation of percent flow captured by a small in-field runoff collector

Author:
Franklin, D.H.; Cabrera, M.L.; Steiner, J.L.; Endale, D.M.; Miller, W.P.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.3 pp. 551-554
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
runoff; surface water; land management; water quality; water pollution; pollution load; nutrient management
Abstract:
... Increased environmental concern about nutrient loadings in runoff and surface water has heightened the need for evaluation of management practices at the field scale. Thus, there is a need for small in-field runoff collectors to assess nutrient migration at the field scale on various land management systems. A runoff sampler previously designed for the relatively flat terrain of the Coastal Plain ...
Handle:
10113/13353

45. Feasibility of Detecting Soil Nitrate Content Using a Mid-Infrared Technique

Author:
Ehsani, M.R.; Upadhyaya, S.K.; Fawcett, W.R.; Protsailo, L.V.; Slaughter, D.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1931-1940
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; absorbance; absorption; calcium nitrate; prediction; rapid methods; reflectance; reflectance spectroscopy; soil; soil sampling; spectral analysis; wavelet
Abstract:
... The long-range goal of this study was to develop a portable, soil nitrate sensor to determine soil nitrate content in-situ. The immediate objective of this study was to develop a rapid technique to determine soil nitrate content using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (MIR) range. A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer was used to determine the MIR response of var ...

46. Fuzzy Control of Electrohydraulic Steering Systems for Agricultural Vehicles

Author:
Qiu, H.; Zhang, Q.; Reid, J.F.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1397-1402
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
controllers; models; steering systems; tractors
Abstract:
... This paper presents the development of a fuzzy steering controller for wheel–type agricultural vehicles with an electrohydraulic (E/H) steering system. The fuzzy controller,which consisted of a variable fuzzifier, an inference engine with a steering control rulebase, and a control signal defuzzifier, was developed based on a common–sense model of agricultural vehicle steering. The controller imple ...

47. Heat and Moisture Production of Poultry and Their Housing Systems: Broilers

Author:
Xin, H.; Berry, I.L.; Tabler, G.T.; Costello, T.A.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1851-1857
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
broiler chickens; equations; flocks; heat; males; nipple drinkers; photoperiod; poultry housing; poultry production; relative humidity; temperature; ventilation systems
Abstract:
... Heat and moisture production rates (HP, MP) of modern broiler chickens (Cobb strain males) raised on litter in commercial production housing were determined from extensive environmental and production data of 20 house-flocks. The flock size was 18,800 birds, with a typical growth period of 56 days. Regression equations were established that predict total, sensible and latent HP of the broiler hous ...

48. Hyperspectral reflectance and fluorescence imaging system for food quality and safety

Author:
Kim, M.S.; Chen, Y.R.; Mehl, P.M.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.3 pp. 721-729
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
image analysis; apples; fluorescence; food contamination; food quality; rapid methods; reflectance
Abstract:
... This article presents a laboratory-based hyperspectral imaging system designed and developed by the Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland. The spectral range is from 430 to 930 nm with spectral resolution of approximately 10 nm (full width at half maximum) and spatial resolution better than 1 mm. Our system is capable of reflectance and fluore ...
Handle:
10113/26654

49. Improved Biosensor for Measurement of Progesterone in Bovine Milk

Author:
Delwiche, M.; Tang, X.; BonDurant, R.; Munro, C.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1997-2002
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
absorbance; antibodies; antigens; biosensors; chemistry; computers; confidence interval; cows; immunoassays; milk; milking; progesterone
Abstract:
... A biosensor for on-line measurement of progesterone was designed and calibrated. The objectives were to develop an improved immunoassay sensitive enough to measure progesterone in milk at follicular phase concentrations in real-time, and to design a biosensor for implementation of the detection chemistry. Anti-progesterone antibody was coated on small disks of nitrocellulose membrane, which were i ...

50. An Inhalation Dose Model for Assessing Dust-Borne VOC-Odor Exposure from Feeding in Swine Buildings

Author:
Liao, C.M.; Chen, J.W.; Huang, M.Y.; Chen, J.S.; Chang, T.J.
Source:
Transactions of the ASAE 2001 v.44 no.6 pp. 1813-1824
ISSN:
0001-2351
Subject:
adsorption; aerosols; barns; breathing; farms; lognormal distribution; odors; particle size; particle size distribution; simulation models; swine; swine feeding; swine housing; volatile organic compounds; Taiwan
Abstract:
... A dynamic, size-dependent integrated inhalation dose model for quantifying worker/animal exposure to dust-borne odor causing volatile organic compounds (VOC-odor) in swine buildings during and after feeding was developed. The exposure of dust-borne VOC-odor observed in pig barns can be characterized by adsorption and deposition of airborne dust. The airborne dust particle size, aerosol profile, en ...