An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
epitopes; Foot-and-mouth disease virus; host-pathogen relationships; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human rhinovirus; Influenza A virus; Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus; vaccine development; antigenic variation; antigen-antibody reactions; pathogens
Abstract:
... A large number of the world's most widespread and problematic pathogens evade host immune responses by inducing strain-specific immunity to immunodominant epitopes with high mutation rates capable of altering antigenic profiles. The immune system appears to be decoyed into reacting to these immunodominant epitopes that offer little cross protection between serotypes or subtypes. For example, durin ...
hemagglutination inhibition test; Salmonella Typhimurium; Western blotting; plasmids; vaccination; oral administration; assays; antibodies; recombinant proteins; gene expression; mucosa; sampling; blood serum; antigens; serotypes; White Leghorn; hemagglutinins; immune response; chickens; protein synthesis; Influenza A virus; live vaccines; codons; avian influenza
Abstract:
... The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical protection from challenge conferred by two attenuated Salmonella enteria serovar typhimurium vaccine strains expressing the hemagglutinin (HA1) gene from a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 (A/whooper swan/Mongolia/3/2005), under control of the anaerobically inducible nir15 promoter. Two-week-old White Leghorn chickens were immunized b ...
Anne Schneeweiss; Stefan Chabierski; Mathias Salomo; Nicolas Delaroque; Samiya Al-Robaiy; Thomas Grunwald; Kurt Bürki; Uwe G. Liebert; Sebastian Ulbert
... West Nile Virus (WNV) is an emerging pathogenic flavivirus with increasing distribution worldwide. Birds are the natural host of the virus, but also mammals, including humans, can be infected. In some cases, a WNV infection can be associated with severe neurological symptoms. All currently available WNV vaccines are in the veterinary sector, and there is a need to develop safe and effective immuni ...
... Current vaccine candidates against Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) incorporate the viral structural glycoproteins as antigens, since triggering antibody responses against them usually correlates with protection. Here, we have focused solely on the nucleoprotein of RVFV as a potential target for vaccine development. Previous studies in mouse models have already demonstrated that RVFV nucleoprotein c ...
... Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen in the World and there is an urgent need for a vaccine to prevent these infections. To determine what type of adjuvant can better enhance the immunogenicity of a Chlamydia vaccine, we formulated the recombinant major outer membrane protein (Ct-rMOMP) with several ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLR) and the nucl ...
... Vibrio harveyi is a severe aquaculture pathogen that can infect a large number of fish species. In previous studies, we have identified two protective immunogens, DegQ and Vhp1, from pathogenic V. harveyi strains. In this study, we examined the potentials of DegQ and Vhp1 as monovalent and bivalent DNA vaccines in a Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) model. For this purpose, the DNA vaccin ...
... The extracellular domain of the matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza viruses is highly conserved among all influenza A subtypes, making it a suitable target for a universal influenza vaccine. In this study, we demonstrated an enhanced immune response and protection of a chimeric M2e vaccine against influenza A viruses using our newly developed vaccine platform, the norovirus P particle, to present ...
Jaya Chakravarty; Subodh Kumar; Sonali Trivedi; Vijay K. Rai; Anup Singh; Jill A. Ashman; Elsa M. Laughlin; Rhea N. Coler; Stuart J. Kahn; Anna Marie Beckmann; Karen D. Cowgill; Steven G. Reed; Shyam Sundar; Franco M. Piazza
... Healthy Indian adult volunteers, with or without a history of leishmaniasis, were evaluated for evidence of previous infection with Leishmania donovani based on the direct agglutination test (DAT). Three cohorts of 6 DAT-negative and 6 DAT-positive subjects were enrolled in an open-label, dose-escalating, uncontrolled clinical trial and received three injections of the LEISH-F1+MPL-SE vaccine (con ...
... Many racing authorities, sales companies and equestrian bodies have mandatory vaccination policies for equine influenza (EI). The consequences of lack of vaccine efficacy include clinical disease, disruption to training programmes, the cancellation of equestrian events and the introduction of virus to susceptible populations. The correlation between antibody against the virus haemagglutinin and pr ...
Influenza A virus; amino acid sequences; antibodies; antigens; avian influenza; ferrets; human diseases; human population; mice; mortality; pandemic; vaccine development; virus-like particle vaccines; viruses
Abstract:
... Pandemic outbreaks of influenza are caused by the emergence of a pathogenic and transmissible virus to which the human population is immunologically naïve. Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) of the H5N1 subtype are of particular concern because of the high mortality rate (60% case fatality rate) and novel subtype. In order to develop a vaccine that elicits broadly reactiv ...
... Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian virus that is attenuated in primates and is a potential vaccine vector for human use. We evaluated NDV as a vector for expressing selected antigens of the Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi. A series of recombinant NDVs were generated that expressed intracellular or extracellular forms of two B. burgdorferi antigens: namely, the basic membrane prot ...
David W. Porter; Fiona M. Thompson; Tamara K. Berthoud; Claire L. Hutchings; Laura Andrews; Sumi Biswas; Ian Poulton; Eric Prieur; Simon Correa; Rosalind Rowland; Trudie Lang; Jackie Williams; Sarah C. Gilbert; Robert E. Sinden; Stephen Todryk; Adrian V.S. Hill
... We examined the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a prime-boost vaccination regime involving two poxvirus malaria subunit vaccines, FP9-PP and MVA-PP, expressing the same polyprotein consisting of six pre-erythrocytic antigens from Plasmodium falciparum. Following safety assessment of single doses, 15 volunteers received a heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime and underwent malaria spor ...
Anton P.J. Middelberg; Tania Rivera-Hernandez; Nani Wibowo; Linda H.L. Lua; Yuanyuan Fan; Graham Magor; Cindy Chang; Yap P. Chuan; Michael F. Good; Michael R. Batzloff
... Studies on a platform technology able to deliver low-cost viral capsomeres and virus-like particles are described. The technology involves expression of the VP1 structural protein from murine polyomavirus (MuPyV) in Escherichia coli, followed by purification using scaleable units and optional cell-free VLP assembly. Two insertion sites on the surface of MuPyV VP1 are exploited for the presentation ...
... An estimated 1 out of every 5 Americans is infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Efforts in developing a potent vaccine for HSV-2 have shown limited success. Here we describe a heterologous vaccination strategy for HSV-2 based on an intramuscular DNA prime followed by a liposome-encapsulated antigen boost delivered intranasally. Both portions of the vaccine express the immunogenic HSV ...
J.M. Langley; F. Aoki; B.J. Ward; A. McGeer; J.B. Angel; G. Stiver; I. Gorfinkel; D. Shu; L. White; B. Lasko; P. Dzongowski; K. Papp; M. Alexander; G. Boivin; L. Fries
... A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial of a nasally administered inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine formulated with partially purified meningococcal outer membrane proteins (OMP-TIV) was conducted in 1349 healthy adults aged 18–64 years. Subjects received either vaccine containing 15μg of haemagglutinin (HA) of each of three influenza strains for the 2003–2004 season on days 0 and ...
Orli Even-Or; Aviva Joseph; Noga Itskovitz-Cooper; Sarit Samira; Eli Rochlin; Hagit Eliyahu; Itzik Goldwaser; Shobana Balasingam; Alex J. Mann; Rob Lambkin-Williams; Eli Kedar; Yechezkel Barenholz
... We recently showed that lipid assemblies comprised of a novel polycationic sphingolipid (ceramide carbamoyl-spermine, CCS) are an effective adjuvant/carrier when complexed with cholesterol (CCS/C) for influenza and other vaccines administered parenterally and intranasally (i.n.) in mice. Here we expand these studies to ferrets, an established model of influenza infection. We also address the quest ...
... The ultimate success of cancer vaccination is dependent upon the generation of tumor-specific CTLs. In this study, we designed and evaluated a novel fusion protein comprising a cell penetrating and immunostimulatory peptide corresponding to residues 32–51 of the Limulus polyphemus protein (LALF₃₂–₅₁) linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 antigen (LALF₃₂–₅₁–E7). We demonstrated that LALF₃₂–₅₁ ...
... Neutralizing antibodies are considered an important component of protective immunity against congenital infection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a frequently cited cause of birth defects. An effective HCMV vaccine is desired to induce potent neutralizing antibodies in seronegative females, so that the viral transmission to fetus would be blocked if the women contracted HCMV infections during the ...
Dubravka Grdic Eliasson; Anja Helgeby; Karin Schön; Caroline Nygren; Karim El-Bakkouri; Walter Fiers; Xavier Saelens; Karin Bengtsson Lövgren; Ida Nyström; Nils Y. Lycke
... Here we demonstrate that by using non-toxic fractions of saponin combined with CTA1-DD we can achieve a safe and above all highly efficacious mucosal adjuvant vector. We optimized the construction, tested the requirements for function and evaluated proof-of-concept in an influenza A virus challenge model. We demonstrated that the CTA1-3M2e-DD/ISCOMS vector provided 100% protection against mortalit ...
... Non-replicating protein- or DNA-based antigens generally require immune-enhancing adjuvants and delivery systems. It has been particularly difficult to raise antibodies against gp120 of HIV-1, which constitutes an important approach in HIV vaccine design. While almost all effort in adjuvant research has focused on mimicking the pathogens and the danger signals they engender in the host, relatively ...
Alexander R. Precioso; João L. Miraglia; Lúcia Maria A. Campos; Alessandra C. Goulart; Maria do Carmo S.T. Timenetsky; Maria Regina A. Cardoso; Expedito Luna; Gabriella Mondini; José da S. Guedes; Isaias Raw
... METHODS: We conducted a phase I, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-arm (10) parallel study involving healthy adults to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 non-adjuvanted and adjuvanted candidate vaccines. Subjects received two intramuscular injections of one of the candidate vaccines administered 21 days apart. Antibody responses were me ...
... Immunogenicity and tolerability of two liquid pentavalent vaccines, Pentavac® (new vaccine), and Easyfive® (available in the market) was assessed in a multicentre study in India. In all, 484 infants aged 6–8 weeks were enrolled, and their blood samples were assessed prior to the first dose and one month after the third dose. A 100% seroprotection rate was achieved with both vaccines’ antigens, exc ...
... The currently available anthrax vaccines are limited by being incompletely characterized, potentially reactogenic and have an expanded dosage schedule. Plant based vaccines offer safe alternative for vaccine production. In the present study, we expressed domain IV of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen gene [PA(dIV)] in planta (by nuclear agrobacterium and chloroplast transformation) and E. coli ...
... We constructed functional recombinant single chain Fv (scFv) against bovine herpes virus type 1 (BoHV-1), aetiological agent of respiratory and genital diseases in cattle for which available vaccines do not provide adequate protection. The scFv against BoHV-1 with 18 amino acid long flexible linker (scFv3-18L; monomeric form) recognized target antigen and, also, neutralized BoHV-1 in vitro. A comp ...
... To stably synthesize heterologous protein in an attenuated Vibrio anguillarum strain (MVAV6203) for potential multivalent live vaccine application, plasmids with different replicons were used to construct protein expression systems in this work. The gfp fragment under control of a strict low-iron-regulated promoter Pᵥᵢᵤₐ was inserted into seven plasmids with varied replicons derived from pAT153, p ...
... The adhesin known as Antigen I/II, P1 or PAc of the cariogenic dental pathogen Streptococcus mutans is a target of protective immunity and candidate vaccine antigen. Previously we demonstrated that immunization of mice with S. mutans complexed with anti-AgI/II monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) resulted in changes in the specificity, isotype and functionality of elicited anti-AgI/II antibodies in the se ...
... HpaA is a Helicobacter pylori-specific lipoprotein that has been shown to be an effective protective antigen for mucosal vaccination against H. pylori infection in mice. However, detergents are needed for the purification of full-length HpaA (HpaAfᵤₗₗ), which might confer toxicity, thus making HpaAfᵤₗₗ unsuitable for use in a human vaccine. We here describe a recombinantly produced truncated versi ...
... Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of respiratory infection in infants, and no vaccine is available. In this report, recombinant AIK-C measles vaccines, expressing the RSV G or F protein of subgroup A (MVAIK/RSV/G or F), were investigated as a RSV vaccine candidate. MVAIK/RSV/G or F had the original ts phenotype and expressed RSV/G or F protein. Cross-reactive neutralizing ...
Sandra Morel; Arnaud Didierlaurent; Patricia Bourguignon; Sophie Delhaye; Benoît Baras; Valérie Jacob; Camille Planty; Abdelatif Elouahabi; Pol Harvengt; Harald Carlsen; Anders Kielland; Patrick Chomez; Nathalie Garçon; Marcelle Van Mechelen
... AS03 is an Adjuvant System (AS) containing α-tocopherol and squalene in an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion. AS03 has been considered for the development of pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines. Key features of AS03's mode of action were investigated in vivo in mice and ex vivo in human cells. AS03's adjuvant activity was superior to that of aluminium hydroxide and required the spatio-temporal co-l ...
... The induction of mucosal immune responses in the genital tract may be important for increasing the effectiveness of vaccines for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In this study, we asked whether direct immunization of the mouse genital tract with a non-replicating virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine could induce local mucosal as well as systemic antibody responses. Using VLPs derived fro ...
... The major antigenic component of licensed influenza vaccines, hemagglutinin (HA), elicits predominantly type-specific antibody responses, thus necessitating frequent antigenic updates to the annual vaccine. However, accumulating evidence suggests that influenza vaccines can also induce significant cross-reactive T-cell responses to highly divergent, heterosubtypic HA antigens not included in the v ...
... Emulsions have been used to boost immunogenicity of antigens since the discovery of complete Freunds adjuvant. Optimization to reduce reactogenicity of emulsion adjuvants lead to the development of oil in water emulsions based on squalene. MF59 is an oil-in-water emulsion that is a component of an approved influenza product in Europe. Currently MF59 is manufactured from squalene derived from an an ...
Markus Knuf; Anna Pantazi-Chatzikonstantinou; Ulrich Pfletschinger; Irmingard Tichmann-Schumann; Hartwig Maurer; Lothar Maurer; Thomas Fischbach; Henrike Zinke; Heidemarie Pankow-Culot; Vassiliki Papaevangelou; Veronique Bianco; Marie Van der Wielen; Jacqueline M. Miller
... Tetravalent meningococcal serogroups ACWY conjugate vaccines will provide an advantage to those at most risk of invasive meningococcal disease; namely young children. Co-administration of ACWY-TT with DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib was assessed in a randomized trial in 793 children aged 12–23 months. Pre-specified criteria for non-inferiority of immunogenicity following co-administration versus separate ACWY-TT ...
... Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), the most frequent primary antibody disorder, is characterized by hypogammaglobulinaemia and impaired antibody production. Poor vaccination response is essential for the diagnosis of CVID. Their under laying defects remain to be elucidated. Routine determination of antibody production in serum from CVID patients after vaccination and investigation of B cell ...
... A balanced or Th-1 type immune response is required for effective clearance of many pathogens such as Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. Since current acellular pertussis vaccines induce limited Th-1 type immune responses, novel vaccine formulations are needed to induce protective immunity in the infant in the earliest stages of life. Here, we developed a novel vaccine pl ...
... Natural IgG antibodies (NA) to lipids are ubiquitously distributed in sera of healthy humans and are believed to serve beneficial functions. Although NA to lipids generally exhibit germ line or near germ line binding specificities, the antibodies commonly increase transiently in the acute phases of most, if not all, infectious diseases and may serve as a first line of defense. In order to determin ...
... H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) causes widespread infections in poultry and wild birds, and has the potential to emerge as a pandemic threat to human. Antisense oligonucleotides (AS ODNs) are highly effective at inhibiting gene replication. Antibody-mediated delivery is a novel approach to target specific cells and tissues. In this study, we designed and synthesized three AS ODNs (PA4, PA492 and ...
... Anti-angiogenesis represents an indispensible strategy for cancer therapy. As a strictly endothelial-specific adhesion molecule, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin, VE-cad) is a promising anti-angiogenesis target. In this study a recombinant adenovirus vector modified with mannan was used to deliver VE-cad (AdVEC-m) and we tried to explore its feasibility as an antitumour agent in mouse ca ...
... After introduction of a mono-component vaccine, containing only pertussis toxoid (PT), the incidence of pertussis was significantly higher in the Gothenburg area among children during the period October 1, 1997 until end of 2006 compared to the Rest of Sweden where a vaccine containing PT and two other pertussis antigens was used. To investigate a possible cause of this difference, the Bordetella ...
... Traditional phosphodiester lipid vesicles (liposomes) are not stable and could be easily degraded in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We prepared a novel lipid based oral delivery system: archaeosomes, made of the polar lipid fraction E (PLFE) extracted from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, and tested their immunogenic potentials as oral vaccine delivery vehicles. Our study showed that the archaeosomes ...
Mariana R.D. Cardoso; Caroline M. Mota; Dâmaso P. Ribeiro; Fernanda M. Santiago; Julianne V. Carvalho; Ester C.B. Araujo; Neide M. Silva; Tiago W.P. Mineo; Maria C. Roque-Barreira; José R. Mineo; Deise A.O. Silva
... ArtinM and Jacalin (JAC) are lectins from the jackfruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) that have important role in modulation of immune responses to pathogens. Neospora caninum is an Apicomplexa parasite that causes neuromuscular disease in dogs and reproductive disorders in cattle, with economic impact on the livestock industry. Hence, we evaluated the adjuvant effect of ArtinM and JAC in immunization ...
... Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to be a leading cause of mortality among bacterial diseases, and the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine for human use against this disease. TB prevention and control would benefit from an improved method of BCG vaccination that simplifies logistics and eliminates dangers posed by hypodermic needles without co ...
... In this proof-of-concept study we report the use of <15nm, water soluble, inorganic nanoparticles as a vaccine delivery system for a blood stage malaria vaccine. The recombinant malarial antigen, Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (rMSP1) of Plasmodium falciparum served as the model vaccine. The rMSP1 was covalently conjugated to polymer-coated quantum dot CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles (QDs) via surface carboxy ...
... The surface-exposed antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi represent important targets for induction of protective host immune responses. BBA52 is preferentially expressed by B. burgdorferi in the feeding tick, and a targeted deletion of bba52 interferes with vector–host transitions in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that BBA52 is an outer membrane surface-exposed protein and that disulfide bridges ...
... CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to inhibit immune responses to antigens. Since, the process of antigen uptake by dendritic cells (DC) is central to induction of immune responses, we analyzed the effect of Tregs on the expression of endocytic receptors on DC and its repercussion on antigen uptake. Our results demonstrate that Tregs down-regulate the expression and uptake of antigens ...
Mauricio A. Arias; Andrew Loxley; Christy Eatmon; Griet Van Roey; David Fairhurst; Mark Mitchnick; Philip Dash; Tom Cole; Frank Wegmann; Quentin Sattentau; Robin Shattock
... Induction of humoral responses to HIV at mucosal compartments without inflammation is important for vaccine design. We developed charged wax nanoparticles that efficiently adsorb protein antigens and are internalized by DC in the absence of inflammation. HIV-gp140-adsorbed nanoparticles induced stronger in vitro T-cell proliferation responses than antigen alone. Such responses were greatly enhance ...
... The malarial protein CelTOS, for cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites, from Plasmodium berghei has been shown to mediate malarial invasion of both vertebrate and insect host cells and is required for establishing their successful infections. In the vertebrate host, Plasmodium sporozoites traverse via a complex passage through cellular barriers in the skin and the liver sinusoid to ...
... The use of dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with defined Leishmania antigens could be a potential immune intervention tool for the induction of protection against infection. In the present study, bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) pulsed ex vivo with the peptide 12–31aa portion of kinetoplastid membrane protein (KMP)-11 (KMP-11₁₂–₃₁ₐₐ peptide) acquired a semimature phenotype expressing IL-12 and IL-10, ...
... Therapeutic immunization has been proposed as an approach that might help limit the need for lifelong combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). One approach for therapeutic vaccination which has been explored during the last few years is the administration of autologous monocyte-derived DCs (MD-DCs) loaded ex vivo with a variety of antigens. It has been shown in experimental murine models as well as ...
... GMP-batches of Sabin-IPV were characterized for their antigenic and immunogenic properties. Antigenic fingerprints of Sabin-IPV reveal that the D-antigen unit is not a fixed amount of antigen but depends on antibody and assay type. Instead of the D-antigen unit we propose standardization of IPV based on a combination of protein amount for dose and D-antigenicity for quality of the vaccine. Althoug ...