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You searched for: Journal name Veterinary immunology and immunopathology Remove constraint Journal name: Veterinary immunology and immunopathology Publication year rev 7998-2002 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 7998-2002 Text availability Citation in PubAg Remove constraint Text availability: Citation in PubAg
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1. A novel model for equine recurrent airway obstruction

Author:
Bowles, K.S.; Beadle, R.E.; Mouch, S.; Pourciau, S.S.; Littlefield-Chabaud, M.A.; Le Blanc, C.; Mistric, L.; Fermaglich, D.; Horohov, D.W.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 385-389
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
aerosols; antigens; horses; hypersensitivity; interleukin-13; interleukin-4; lymphocytes; messenger RNA; models; neutrophils; pastures; polystyrenes; respiratory tract diseases; summer
Abstract:
... Equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO; a term combining both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and summer pasture associated obstructive pulmonary disease (SPAOPD)) is one of the most common equine respiratory diseases with up to 50% of horses affected worldwide. The etiopathogenesis of RAO is unknown although pulmonary hypersensitivity to inhaled mold antigens may be involved. Recen ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00081-8

2. A novel transcutaneous plasmid–dimethylsulfoxide delivery technique for avian nucleic acid immunization

Author:
Heckert, R.A.; Elankumaran,S.; Oshop, G.L.; Vakharia, V.N.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.89 no.1-2 pp. 67-81
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
chickens; green fluorescent protein; immunoglobulin M; messenger RNA; blood serum; vaccination; dimethyl sulfoxide; macrophages; mucosal immunity; plasmids; immunoglobulin A; Avian orthoavulavirus 1; bone marrow; tears; transfection; Infectious bursal disease virus; immune response; recombinant vaccines; reporter genes; virulence
Abstract:
... In this report, we show that dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) enhances liposome-mediated transfection of nucleic acid in chicken macrophage cells and that this could be exploited for the transcutaneous delivery of naked DNA through the intact skin of chickens. We found that DMSO enhanced transfection efficiencies of lipofectamine and polyethyleneimine in HD-11 chicken macrophage cells. Based on this princ ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00186-1

3. A rapid and simple method for the separation of pure lymphocytes from horse blood

Author:
Zizzadoro, Claudia; Belloli, Chiara; Badino, Paola; Ormas, Paolo
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.89 no.1-2 pp. 99-104
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
anticoagulants; centrifugation; erythrocytes; horses; lymphocytes; neutrophils; sodium citrate; temperature; viability
Abstract:
... A method for the separation of pure and viable lymphocytes and granulocytes from the same blood sample in horses was reported. By centrifuging equine heparinized blood at 100×g for 10 min at room temperature (r.t.), the resulting supernatant plasma was an almost pure (97.71±0.30%; n=15) suspension of highly viable (98.72±0.28%) lymphocytes. When sodium citrate was used as an anticoagulant, lymphoc ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00185-X

4. A sub-population of circulating porcine γδ T cells can act as professional antigen presenting cells

Author:
Takamatsu, H.H.; Denyer, M.S.; Wileman,T.E.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 223-224
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; antigen presentation; antigen-presenting cells; chloroquine; monoclonal antibodies; ovalbumin; pretreatment; surface antigens; swine
Abstract:
... A sub-population of circulating porcine γδ T cells express cell surface antigens associated with antigen presenting cells (APCs), and are able to take up soluble antigen very effectively. Functional antigen presentation by γδ T cells to memory helper T cells was studied by inbred pig lymphocytes immunised with ovalbumin (OVA). After removing all conventional APCs from the peripheral blood of immun ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00083-1

5. Activation of bovine peripheral blood γδ T cells for cell division and IFN-γ production

Author:
Baldwin, C.L.; Sathiyaseelan, T.; Naiman, B.; White, A.M.; Brown, R.; Blumerman, S.; Rogers, A.; Black, S.J.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 251-259
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; cattle; cell division; concanavalin A; flow cytometry; interferon-gamma; interleukin-12; monoclonal antibodies; monocytes; vaccines
Abstract:
... Bovine peripheral blood γδ T cells have been evaluated for effector function (IFN-γ production) and clonal expansion in a variety of systems including following activation by mitogens, IL-12, and stimulation, through the T cell receptor (TCR) with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb), a cell-bound molecule and a soluble antigenic extract. To evaluate cell division, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl es ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00091-0

6. Allergic pulmonary and ocular tissue responses in the absence of serum IgE antibodies (IgE) in an allergic dog model

Author:
Zemann, B.; Griot-Wenk, M.; Marti, E.; Mayer, P.; Eder, C.; Nefzger, M.; Schneider, H.; Weck, A. de; Liehl, E.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 373-378
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Beagle; antibodies; blood serum; compliance; detection limit; dogs; eosinophilia; hypersensitivity; immunoglobulin E; lungs; models; ovalbumin
Abstract:
... Allergen-specific serum IgE may be insensitive as a marker for IgE-mediated reactions at the mucosal level. Five of six atopic beagle dogs developed high ovalbumin (OVA)-specific serum IgE levels after sensitization. This study aimed to show that these dogs still express allergen-specific IgE at the pulmonary and ocular mucosal levels and in the skin even when corresponding serum IgE was below the ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00071-5

7. Altered expression of cellular genes in neutrophils of periparturient dairy cows

Author:
Madsen, Sally A.; Weber, Patty S.D.; Burton, Jeanne L.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.86 no.3-4 pp. 159-175
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
DNA-binding proteins; Northern blotting; animal health; blood serum; complementary DNA; cytochrome b; dairy cows; estradiol; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; immune response; mastitis; messenger RNA; metabolism; neutrophils; nucleic acid hybridization; nucleotide sequences; parturition; progesterone; radioimmunoassays; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; screening; sequence homology; steroid hormones; tricarboxylic acid cycle
Abstract:
... The periparturient dairy cow undergoes a plethora of physiological changes, including changes in the immune system that lead to profound effects on animal health. Of the immune cells affected at parturition, the neutrophil has been of particular interest due to its primary role in innate immune defense against mastitis. Immune functions of bovine neutrophils are known to be depressed around partur ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00020-X

8. Analysis of the repertoire of cattle CD4+ T cells reactive with bovine viral diarrhoea virus

Author:
Collen, T.; Carr, V.; Parsons, K.; Charleston, B.; Morrison, W.I.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 235-238
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
epitopes; recombinant antigens; alleles; synthetic peptides; Hepatitis C virus; cattle; cell-mediated immunity; Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1; CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; homozygosity; glycoproteins; CD8-positive T-lymphocytes
Abstract:
... Cell-mediated immunity and CD4+ cells in particular are important for the resolution of acute infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). CD4+ T cells were shown to recognise virus-infected and non-infectious-protein-pulsed APCs, whereas CD8+ T cells recognised only virus-infected APCs. T cell recognition was strain cross-reactive and MHC-restricted. Using native and recombi ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00088-0

9. Antibodies as effectors

Author:
Corbeil, L.B.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 169-175
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
antibodies; antigens; autoimmune diseases; cattle; pathogens
Abstract:
... Antibodies are critical in protection against extracellular microbial pathogens. Although antibodies also play a role in transplant/tumor rejection and in autoimmune disease, this paper focuses on defense against bovine infections. Effector mechanisms of different bovine isotypes, subisotypes and allotypes are discussed. The importance of antigen specificity is also stressed. ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00048-X

10. Antigen delivery systems and immunostimulation

Author:
Schijns, Virgil E.J.C.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 195-198
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
T-lymphocytes; antibodies; antigens; cytokines; immune response; lymph nodes; microorganisms; pathogens; vaccination; vaccine adjuvants; vaccine development; vaccines; virulence
Abstract:
... The immune system evolved to free the host from invading noxious pathogens. Vaccines are inoculated as a prophylactic measure in order to program the immune system for accelerated recognition and elimination of specific pathogens. During vaccination the immune system is exposed to attenuated or inactivated microorganisms, or their fragments. The immune response to these structures, in contrast to ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00072-7

11. B cell development and VDJ rearrangement in the fetal pig

Author:
Šinkora, Marek; Šinkorova, Jana; Butler, John E.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 341-346
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
B-lymphocytes; bone marrow; flow cytometry; liver; ontogeny; phenotype; pregnancy; swine; yolk sac
Abstract:
... Hematopoietic activity of the swine has been documented in three phases during fetal ontogeny. The hematopoietic system develops first in the yolk sac, then in fetal liver and finally in the bone marrow. Using flow cytometry (FCM) and molecular biological techniques we show that B-cell lymphogenesis and the appearance of B cells follows a pattern. First, VDJ rearrangement occurs at the 20th day of ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00062-4

12. B cell development in gut associated lymphoid tissues

Author:
Ratcliffe, Michael J.H.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 337-340
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
B-lymphocytes; bone marrow; bursa of Fabricius; chickens; embryogenesis; ileum; immunoglobulins; rodents; sheep; skeletal development
Abstract:
... B lymphocyte development can occur in a variety of anatomical sites. While typically considered to be a process that occurs in the bone marrow throughout life, it is becoming clear that gut associates sites of B cell development are critically important in many species of veterinary importance. Among these sites, the bursa of Fabricius in chickens and the ileal Peyer’s patches of sheep are among t ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00061-2

13. Bioinformatics and high throughput approach to create genomic resources for the study of bovine immunobiology

Author:
Coussens, Paul M.; Nobis, William
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.86 no.3-4 pp. 229-244
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
infectious diseases; concanavalin A; complementary DNA; humans; microarray technology; cattle; bioinformatics; expressed sequence tags; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; gene expression; mice; pets; immune response; mononuclear leukocytes; RNA
Abstract:
... The advent of technologies such as real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cDNA microarrays herald a new era in the study of biological systems. In immunobiology, these advances have begun to impact studies of infectious diseases, inflammatory processes, and immune cell function. However, a lack of genetic reagents for domestic and companion animals has precluded wid ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00005-3

14. Blood lymphocyte subsets in pigs vaccinated and challenged with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Author:
Appleyard, G.D.; Furesz, S.E.; Wilkie, B.N.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.86 no.3-4 pp. 221-228
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; B-lymphocytes; CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; aerosols; antibodies; antigens; immunization; immunoglobulin M; phenotype; primary contact; secondary contact; swine
Abstract:
... Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae bacterins do not induce protection in pigs while infection with low doses of the CM5 strain of A. pleuropneumoniae given by aerosol induces complete protection. To evaluate possible correlates of protection in blood lymphocyte subset phenotypes, pigs were treated with a commercial bacterin given intramuscularly, low dose (10(5) cfu/ml) aerosol infection with CM5 or ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00002-8

15. Bluetongue virus-induced activation of primary bovine lung microvascular endothelial cells

Author:
DeMaula, Christopher D.; Leutenegger, Christian M.; Jutila, Mark A.; MacLachlan, N. James
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.86 no.3-4 pp. 147-157
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Bluetongue virus; apoptosis; blood coagulation; bluetongue; cattle; endothelial cells; genes; inducible nitric oxide synthase; interleukin-1; interleukin-6; interleukin-8; messenger RNA; pathogenesis; prostaglandin synthase; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; sheep
Abstract:
... Bluetongue is an insect-transmitted viral disease of sheep and some species of wild ruminants. Infection of lung microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) is central to the pathogenesis of bluetongue virus (BTV) infection of ruminants, but it is uncertain as to why cattle are resistant to BTV-induced microvascular injury and bluetongue disease. Thus, in order to better understand the pathogenesis of B ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00012-0

16. CXCL8(3-73)K11R/G31P antagonizes the neutrophil chemoattractants present in pasteurellosis and mastitis lesions and abrogates neutrophil influx into intradermal endotoxin challenge sites in vivo

Author:
Li, Fang; Zhang, Xiaobei; Mizzi, Chris; Gordon, John R.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.90 no.1-2 pp. 65-77
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
CXCR1 receptor; CXCR2 receptor; antagonists; bacterial pneumonia; cattle; chemoattractants; chemotaxis; endotoxins; inflammation; interleukin-8; mastitis; neutrophils; pasteurellosis
Abstract:
... The ELR+ CXC chemokines are critical for protective neutrophil responses to most bacterial infections, but nevertheless can contribute importantly to the pathogenic effects of many inflammatory responses. We recently engineered a series of high affinity CXCL8/IL-8 antagonists, one of which, CXCL8(3–73)K11R/G31P, binds very strongly to neutrophils via the CXCR1 and CXCR2. Herein we show in competit ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00223-4

17. Candidate genes for resistance to Salmonella enteritidis colonization in chickens as detected in a novel genetic cross

Author:
Lamont, S.J.; Kaiser, M.G.; Liu, W.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 423-428
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Salmonella Enteritidis; alleles; animal production; antibodies; backcrossing; chickens; chicks; disease resistance; esophagus; exposure pathways; food safety; gene interaction; heterozygosity; inbred lines; microsatellite repeats; mucosal immunity; salmonellosis; sires; spleen; vaccines; zoonoses; Iowa
Abstract:
... Salmonellosis is a zoonotic disease that is problematic for both animal production and food safety. A novel genetic cross, named the Iowa Salmonella response resource population (ISRRP), was established to elucidate the genetic control of resistance to Salmonella enteritidis (SE) colonization in young chicks, to characterize unique resistance alleles, and to estimate gene interaction effects. Outb ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00064-8

18. Cellular and molecular characterisation of the ovine rectal mucosal environment

Author:
Sedgmen, Bradley J.; Lofthouse, Shari A.; Scheerlinck, Jean-Pierre Y.; Meeusen, Els N.T.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.86 no.3-4 pp. 215-220
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
interleukin-2; interleukin-4; interleukin-8; messenger RNA; mucosa; phenotype; plasma cells; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; sheep; transforming growth factor beta; vaccines
Abstract:
... Immunohistological characterisation of ovine rectal tissue has revealed the presence of lymphoid follicles, predominantly in the submucosa, that closely resemble those found in intestinal Peyer’s patches (PPs). Distinct T (CD4+, CD8+, γδ-TCR+) and B (CD21+, CD45R+) lymphocyte staining patterns were observed within and around follicles of the rectal mucosa. In addition, IgA+ and IgE+ cells were als ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00011-9

19. Changes in macrophages in spleen and lymph nodes during acute African swine fever: expression of cytokines

Author:
Salguero, F.J.; Ruiz-Villamor, E.; Bautista, M.J.; Sánchez-Cordón, P.J.; Carrasco, L.; Gómez-Villamandos, J.C.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.90 no.1-2 pp. 11-22
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
African swine fever; apoptosis; blood serum; immunohistochemistry; interleukin-1beta; lymph nodes; lymphocytes; macrophages; pathogenesis; piglets; space and time; spleen; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; virulence; viruses
Abstract:
... To gain further insight into the pathogenesis of African swine fever (ASF), the cytokine expression by macrophages in spleen and lymph nodes were examined. Twenty-one piglets were inoculated with the highly virulent isolate Spain-70 of ASF virus and killed in groups at 1–7 post-inoculation days (pid). An increase in the immunohistochemical detection of proinflammatory monokines in spleen and renal ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00225-8

20. Changes in the leucocyte subpopulations of the palatine tonsillar crypt epithelium of pigs in response to Streptococcus suis type 2 infection

Author:
Salles, M.W.S.; Perez-Casal, J.; Willson, P.; Middleton, D.M.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.1-2 pp. 51-63
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Streptococcus suis; T-lymphocytes; arthritis; epithelial cells; epithelium; innate immunity; macrophages; major histocompatibility complex; meningitis; monoclonal antibodies; neutrophils; pathogenesis; pathogens; septicemia; swine; tonsils; vaccination
Abstract:
... The tonsils are portal of entry and a site of multiplication and persistence for a variety of pathogens, including Streptococcus suis (S. suis), which is a common cause of meningitis, septicemia and arthritis in pigs. Understanding the early changes that occur in the first barrier of the tonsil, i.e. the crypt epithelium, in response to S. suis infection is critical in clarifying the pathogenesis ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00040-5

21. Characterisation of a resource population of pigs screened for resistance to salmonellosis

Author:
Van Diemen, P.M.; Kreukniet, M.B.; Galina, L.; Bumstead, N.; Wallis, T.S.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.88 no.3-4 pp. 183-196
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Salmonella enterica; antibodies; boars; breeding; genes; liver; lymphocytes; neutrophils; piglets; progeny; salmonellosis; spleen; survival rate
Abstract:
... The degree of resistance to Salmonella choleraesuis infection in a reference family purposely bred to map resistance genes was assessed. Aspects of the innate and specific immune system were studied to find a parameter that might predict the resistance of pigs to salmonellosis. The family was bred from commercial full-sister pairs of F1-gilts and four boars. One boar (G398) was identified as breed ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00165-4

22. Characterisation of antisera to recombinant IgA of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)

Author:
Rawson, Renee R.; Belov, Katherine; Gidley-Baird, A. Angus; Cooper, Desmond W.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.88 no.1-2 pp. 89-95
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Macropus eugenii; Macropus giganteus; Phascolarctos cinereus; Trichosurus vulpecula; Western blotting; antiserum; blood serum; cross reaction; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin G; mucosal immunity; possums; recombinant proteins
Abstract:
... One of the limiting factors in understanding immune responses in marsupials is the scarcity of marsupial specific immunological reagents. This paper describes the characterisation of an antiserum raised against a recombinant protein of the constant region of the heavy chain of IgA (Cα) of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). The availability of a marsupial specific anti-IgA provide ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00126-5

23. Characterization and functional analysis of skin-derived dendritic cells from swine without a requirement for in vitro propagation

Author:
Bautista, Elida M.; Gregg, Douglas; Golde, William T.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.88 no.3-4 pp. 131-148
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
antigens; dendritic cells; endocytosis; explants; functional properties; immune response; lymphocytes; macrophages; models; monocytes; polystyrenes; swine
Abstract:
... A low-density cell population was isolated from skin explants of pigs and characterized as a highly enriched dendritic cell (DC) population based on phenotypical and functional properties. The skin-derived DCs were identified by their characteristic ultrastructural properties as well as by consistent co-expression of the CD1 and SWC3a antigens that clearly differentiate them from other porcine leu ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00152-6

24. Characterization of mitogen-stimulated porcine lymphocytes using a stable fluorescent dye (PKH2) and multicolor flow cytometry

Author:
Dorn, A.D.; Waters, W.R.; Byers, V.M.; Pesch, B.A.; Wannemuehler, M.J.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.1-2 pp. 1-10
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Phytolacca americana; antigens; cell membranes; concanavalin A; flow cytometry; fluorescence; lymphocyte proliferation; lymphocytes; phytohemagglutinin; swine
Abstract:
... Stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation using mitogens or specific antigens is a method that is used frequently to assess immune responsiveness. While useful, lymphocyte blastogenesis, or [3H]-thymidine incorporation, provides little information regarding the response of specific subsets to the stimulant. Here, we report that the fluorescent cell membrane probe, PKH2, is a useful tool for measurin ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00022-3

25. Chemokines in health and disease

Author:
Gangur, Venu; Birmingham, Neil P.; Thanesvorakul, Sirinart
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.86 no.3-4 pp. 127-136
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
antagonists; anti-inflammatory agents; arthritis; cattle; chemokine CCL2; chemokine CXCL10; chemokine receptors; dogs; encephalitis; endotoxemia; goats; horses; humans; interleukin-8; luteolysis; mastitis; mice; monocytes; neutrophils; pathogens; pathophysiology; sheep; viruses
Abstract:
... Chemokines belong to a large family of structurally related proteins that play a pivotal role in immune system development and deployment. While a large number of chemokines (∼50) and their receptors (∼20) have been identified from humans or mice, only a few are known in domestic veterinary species. Recent data implicate CXCL8 (old name, IL-8), CXCL10 (old name, IP-10) (both CXC chemokines) and CC ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00018-1

26. Cloning and expression of the ovine CD40 molecule and the inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction by the ovine CD40e–EGFP fusion protein

Author:
Zawitkowski, Madelyn; Russ, Graeme; Krishnan, Ravi
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.89 no.1-2 pp. 37-45
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Chinese hamsters; T-lymphocytes; animal ovaries; antigens; bioactive properties; cattle; complementary DNA; cysteine; dendritic cells; drainage; fibroblasts; glycosylation; green fluorescent protein; humans; messenger RNA; mice; monoclonal antibodies; precipitin tests; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; sheep; transfection
Abstract:
... The CD40 molecule is a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-like supergene family and plays a major role as a co-stimulatory molecule in the activation of T cells in response to antigens presented by dendritic cells. In this study, reverse transcription–PCR cloning was used to derive the sequence encoding ovine CD40. The ovine CD40 sequence demonstrated a similarity of 97, 76 and 6 ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00182-4

27. Cloning of bovine CD69

Author:
Ahn, J.S.; Hamilton, M.J.; Davis, W.C.; Park, Y.H.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.88 no.1-2 pp. 43-48
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
amino acid sequences; antigens; casein; cattle; complementary DNA; humans; lectins; lymphocytes; mice; nucleotide sequences; phosphorylation; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... CD69 is rapidly inducible on various hematopoietic cells upon stimulation and is detectable as an early activation antigen. Although CD69 is well characterized in human and mouse, no information is available on bovine CD69. We report here that, bovine CD69 was cloned from a cDNA expression library prepared from activated peripheral blood lymphocytes. The full-length cDNA contained an 80 bp 5′ untr ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00125-3

28. Cloning, expression, purification, and biological activity of five feline type I interferons

Author:
Wonderling, Ramani; Powell, Tim; Baldwin, Susan; Morales,Tony; Snyder, Scott; Keiser, Kathy; Hunter, Shirley; Best, Elaine; McDermott, Martin J.; Milhausen, Michael
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.89 no.1-2 pp. 13-27
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
sequence analysis; interferon-alpha; antiviral properties; Komagataella pastoris; complementary DNA; cats; cell culture; glycosylation; humans; recombinant proteins; yeasts; Western blotting; amino acid sequences; amino acids; clones; genes; viruses; immune response
Abstract:
... Type I interferons (IFN) are important mediators of the host defense against viral infections in mammals. In humans multiple subtypes of IFN-α exist, most of which possess antiviral activity. Little is known about the type I IFN genes in cats and the role they may play in feline immunological responses to viruses. We have isolated cDNAs encoding five feline IFN-α (feIFN) subtypes that share from 9 ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00188-5

29. Co-stimulation and modulation of the ensuing immune response

Author:
Howard, C.J.; Hope, J.C.; Stephens, S.A.; Gliddon, D.R.; Brooke, G.P.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 123-130
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
CD8-positive T-lymphocytes; antigen presentation; cattle; chemokines; crosslinking; dendritic cells; enzyme activity; humans; immune response; interleukin-10; interleukin-12; interleukin-1alpha; long term effects; lymph; models; rodents; secretion; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; tyrosine
Abstract:
... As a consequence of the central role of dendritic cells (DC) in stimulating primary immune responses any bias in the response introduced by the DC has the potential for having a long-term effect on immunity. Examination and analysis of ruminant afferent lymph dendritic cells derived by cannulation allows studies on the properties of ex vivo DC that is not possible in humans and rodents and informa ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00043-0

30. Cytokine expression during the outcome of canine experimental infection by Leishmania infantum

Author:
Santos-Gomes, Gabriela M; Rosa, Ricardo; Leandro, Clara; Cortes, Sofia; Romao, Pedro; Silveira, Henrique
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.88 no.1-2 pp. 21-30
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Beagle; Leishmania infantum; amastigotes; antibodies; blood serum; bone marrow; concanavalin A; cultured cells; disease control; disease severity; dogs; humoral immunity; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; interleukin-12; interleukin-2; interleukin-6; lymph nodes; messenger RNA; mononuclear leukocytes; parasites
Abstract:
... In this study, the cytokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12 p40, IL-6 and IL-10, expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 13 beagle dogs inoculated with Leishmania infantum amastigotes, were analysed during a period of up to 23 months. The course of infection was monitored through clinical and parasitological examinations, haematological alterations and serum anti ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00134-4

31. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to Marek’s disease herpesvirus-encoded glycoproteins

Author:
Markowski-Grimsrud, Carrie J.; Schat, Karel, A.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.90 no.3-4 pp. 133-144
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Mardivirus; T-lymphocytes; antigens; cell-mediated immunity; chickens; cytotoxicity; epithelium; feathers; glycoproteins; major histocompatibility complex; reticuloendotheliosis; splenocytes; viral proteins
Abstract:
... Cell-mediated immune responses are important for protective immunity to Marek’s disease (MD), especially because MD herpesvirus (MDV) infection is strictly cell-associated in chickens with the exception of the feather follicle epithelium. A system previously developed using reticuloendotheliosis (REV)-transformed cell lines stably expressing individual MDV genes allows the determination of relevan ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00229-5

32. DNA vaccination in the avian

Author:
Oshop, G.L.; Elankumaran, S.; Heckert, R.A.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.89 no.1-2 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
DNA; birds; maternal immunity; poultry; poultry industry; recombinant vaccines; vaccination
Abstract:
... Inoculation of naked DNA represents a novel approach to vaccine and immune therapeutic development. DNA vaccines or genetic immunization offers several advantages over the conventional vaccines for specific immune activation. Although a large number of vaccines have been made and are being used in the poultry industry, there have been no major advances in vaccine technology for this animal industr ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00189-7

33. Delayed anti-kappa response in kappa-deficient mice after neonatal, oral immunization with kappa-containing IgG

Author:
Bengtsson, Otti; Daggfeldt, Annika; Andersson, Jan; Grönvik, Kjell-Olov
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 331-336
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
antibodies; blood serum; females; heterozygosity; homozygosity; immune response; immunization; immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin G; males; mice; progeny
Abstract:
... Antibody responses to kappa (κ)-light (L) chain are absent in normal (Cκ+/+) animals because of tolerance due to the abundance of κ-L chains expressed on more than 95% of all B cells and serum Ig. When heterozygous κ-sufficient (Cκ+/−) females are bred with homozygous κ-deficient (Cκ−/−) males, half of their offspring will become κ-deficient but have received κ-L chain containing maternal Ig, main ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00060-0

34. Detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection and production of interleukin-2 by in vitro stimulation of badger lymphocytes

Author:
Southey, A.; Costello, E.; Gormley, E.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.1-2 pp. 73-78
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Meles meles; Mycobacterium bovis; badgers; cattle; herds; humans; immune response; interleukin-2; lymphocyte proliferation; lymphocytes; tuberculin; tuberculosis; wildlife; Ireland
Abstract:
... The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) is considered to be an important wildlife reservoir for Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle in Ireland and in GB. However, rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis in live badgers has been constrained through a lack of suitable immuno-diagnostic reagents for detection of M. bovis-infected animals. To date, there have been no reports of cytokine activity in badgers that ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00129-0

35. Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to chicken interleukin-15

Author:
Min, Wongi; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Li, Guangxing; Sohn, Eun J.; Miyamoto, Tadashi
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.88 no.1-2 pp. 49-56
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
T-lymphocytes; Western blotting; cell growth; chickens; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; genes; interleukin-15; interleukin-2; monoclonal antibodies; polypeptides
Abstract:
... The chicken IL-15 gene was recently cloned and shown to encode a polypeptide with T cell growth factor activity similar to IL-2. To further characterize the chemical and biological properties of chicken IL-15, we generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies against bacterially expressed protein and characterized their binding specificities. All antibodies were reactive by ELISA with recombinant IL-1 ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00123-X

36. Development of a baculovirus expression system for soluble porcine tumor necrosis factor receptor type I and soluble porcine tumor necrosis factor receptor type I-IgG fusion protein

Author:
Mwangi, Simon Musyoka; Stabel, Thomas J.; Kehrli, Marcus E. Jr.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.86 no.3-4 pp. 251-254
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Salmonella enterica; affinity chromatography; antibodies; cell culture; culture media; cytotoxicity; fibrosarcoma; immunoglobulin G; in vitro studies; inflammation; insects; mice; salmonellosis; sepsis (infection); swine; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a key mediator of inflammatory responses and gram-negative bacterial sepsis, but the role that it plays during Salmonella enterica species bacterial infections in swine has not yet been elucidated. To facilitate studies on the role of TNF-α on the pathology associated with Salmonella infections in pigs, recombinant soluble porcine TNF receptor type I (rspTNF-RI) ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00034-X

37. Development of a canine trypsin-like immunoreactivity assay system using monoclonal antibodies

Author:
Waritani, Takaki; Okuno, Yoko; Ashida, Yoshinori; Hisasue, Masaharu; Tsuchiya, Ryo; Kobayashi, Kosaku; Yamada, Takatsugu
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.1-2 pp. 41-49
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
blood serum; correlation; dogs; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; immunoaffinity chromatography; monoclonal antibodies; pancreatitis; radioimmunoassays; variance; veterinary clinics
Abstract:
... The radioimmunoassay (RIA) for trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) is one of the most sensitive and specific tests for detecting exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). An abnormally low serum TLI concentration (<2.5 ng/ml) indicates end-stage EPI. Although RIA methods can be used to detect canine serum TLI, these procedures are beyond the capabilities of most veterinary clinics and general labor ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00120-4

38. Does cortisol bias cytokine production in cultured porcine splenocytes to a Th2 phenotype

Author:
Skjolaas, K.A.; Minton, J.E.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 451-458
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
T-lymphocytes; blood serum; concanavalin A; cortisol; dexamethasone; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; interleukin-2; macrophage migration inhibitory factors; messenger RNA; mineralocorticoid receptors; phenotype; splenocytes; swine; synthetic glucocorticoids
Abstract:
... Glucocorticoids are reported to bias the production of cytokines from a type 1 to a type 2 phenotype. However, this dogma has been advanced largely from studies utilizing potent glucocorticoid analogs, particularly dexamethasone (DEX). Although studies utilizing DEX certainly have clinical and pharmacological relevance, DEX is probably not the best glucocorticoid for studies designed to evaluate t ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00073-9

39. Early development of immune system in pigs

Author:
Sinkora, J.; Rehakova, Z.; Sinkora, M.; Cukrowska, B.; Tlaskalova-Hogenova, H.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 301-306
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
T-lymphocytes; antibodies; bacteria; bone marrow; early development; flow cytometry; germ-free animals; immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin G; liver; miniature swine; phenotype; piglets; pregnancy; thymocytes; viruses; yolk sac
Abstract:
... Prenatal and early postnatal immune system development has been studied in minipigs. First leukocytes were observed in the yolk sac and fetal liver (FL) on the 17th day of gestation, the majority of them being SWC3+. The colonization of the thymus (TH) with leukocytes was observed 21 days later. Two waves of fetal TH colonization with pro-T cells were deduced from the frequency of thymocyte subset ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00056-9

40. Effect of transcutaneous immunization with co-administered antigen and cholera toxin on systemic and mucosal antibody responses in sheep

Author:
Chen, D.; Colditz, I.G.; Glenn, G.M.; Tsonis, C.G.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.86 no.3-4 pp. 177-182
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
alum; antibodies; antigens; blood serum; cats; cholera toxin; dogs; humans; immune response; immunization; immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin G; intramuscular injection; mice; sheep; tetanus
Abstract:
... Direct application of antigens to skin together with an adjuvant, a procedure called transcutaneous immunization (TCI), can induce systemic immune responses in mice, humans, cats and dogs. In previous studies we found that cholera toxin (CT) applied topically on unbroken skin induces systemic antibody and lymphocyte proliferative responses in sheep. The current study examined whether concurrent ad ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00037-5

41. Effect of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes on the expression of MHC molecules in canine transmissible venereal tumor cells

Author:
Hsiao, Ya-Wen; Liao, Kuang-Wen; Hung, Shao-Wen; Chu, Rea-Min
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.1-2 pp. 19-27
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
coculture; developmental stages; dogs; flow cytometry; heat treatment; histopathology; immune response; immunoblotting; immunocytochemistry; lymphocytes; major histocompatibility complex; mixed breeds; monitoring; neoplasm cells; remission; transmissible venereal tumors
Abstract:
... Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) can be allo-transplanted across major histocompatibility complex barriers. The expression of MHC molecules is usually low in the progression (P) stage and then greatly increases during tumor regression (R). We investigated the effects of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) on the expression of MHC molecules of CTVT cells. Isolated, viable CTVT cells were ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00026-0

42. Effects of dexamethasone on distribution and function of peripheral mononuclear blood cells in pneumonic calves

Author:
Moiré, Nathalie; Roy, Olivier; Gardey, Laure
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.87 no.3-4 pp. 459-466
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Holstein; antibiotics; calves; dexamethasone; immune response; lymphocytes; monocytes; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents; pneumonic pasteurellosis
Abstract:
... Experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis was used in 30 Holstein calves to compare the effects on the immune response of different treatments: antibiotics alone or antibiotics in combination with either steroidal (SAID) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Clinical parameters and the effect of treatments on the mitogen-induced proliferation of peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PMBCs) a ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00074-0

43. Effects of phenoxyethanol on the innate immune system of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) exposed to crowding stress

Author:
Ortuño, Jesús; Esteban, M. Angeles; Meseguer, J.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.89 no.1-2 pp. 29-36
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Sparus aurata; anesthesia; aquaculture; blood glucose; blood serum; complement; cortisol; fish; immune system; phagocytosis; sedatives; stress response
Abstract:
... Phenoxyethanol is routinely used in seabream aquaculture to minimise fish stress response despite the secondary negative effects which have been observed. In this study, two different doses (60 and 200 μl/l) of phenoxyethanol, sedative and narcotic, were tested for their ability to reduce the stress caused in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) by crowding. Blood glucose and serum cortisol concen ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00183-6

44. Effects of prenatal stress on cellular and humoral immune responses in neonatal pigs

Author:
Tuchscherer, M.; Kanitz, E.; Otten, W.; Tuchscherer, A.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.86 no.3-4 pp. 195-203
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
B-lymphocytes; Phytolacca americana; T-lymphocytes; blood serum; concanavalin A; corticotropin; cytotoxicity; disease resistance; humoral immunity; immune response; immunoglobulin G; lymphocyte proliferation; morbidity; mortality; ontogeny; piglets; pregnancy; progeny; sows; suckling
Abstract:
... In the present study, we investigated the effects of a daily 5 min restraint stress of pregnant sows in the last five gestational weeks on the development and reactivity of the immune system of the offspring. Maternal stress resulted in significant decreased serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in suckling piglets at 1 and 3 days of age. Furthermore, the stress treatment of the sows had an ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00035-1

45. Efficacy of DNA vaccination by different routes of immunisation in sheep

Author:
De Rose, Robert; Tennent, Jan; McWaters, Peter; Chaplin, Paul J.; Wood, Paul R.; Kimpton, Wayne; Cahill, Ross; Scheerlinck, Jean-Pierre Y.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.90 no.1-2 pp. 55-63
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; antibodies; antigens; genes; immune response; immunoglobulin G; intramuscular injection; laboratory animals; phospholipase D; plasmids; recombinant vaccines; sheep; vaccination
Abstract:
... DNA vaccination, delivered through various routes, has been used extensively in laboratory animals. Few studies have focused on veterinary species and while results obtained in laboratory animals can often be extrapolated to veterinary species this is not always the case. In this study we have compared the effect of the route of immunisation with DNA on the induction of immune responses and protec ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00221-0

46. Evaluation of Th1, Th2 and immunosuppressive cytokine mRNA expression within the colonic mucosa of dogs with idiopathic lymphocytic–plasmacytic colitis

Author:
Ridyard, Alison E.; Nuttall, Timothy J.; Else, Rod W.; Simpson, James W.; Miller, Hugh R.P.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.86 no.3-4 pp. 205-214
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
colitis; colon; diarrhea; dogs; gene expression; histopathology; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; interleukin-2; interleukin-4; interleukin-6; lymphocytes; messenger RNA; mucosa; transforming growth factor beta; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of the immunoregulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the expression of the predominantly immunosuppressive cytokines transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and IL-10 in canine idiopathic lymphocytic–plasmacytic col ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00039-9

47. Evaluation of a specific immunochemotherapy for the treatment of canine visceral leishmaniasis

Author:
Guarga, Jose Luis; Moreno, Javier; Lucientes, Javier; Gracia, Maria Jesus; Peribanez, Miguel Angel; Castillo, Juan Antonio
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.88 no.1-2 pp. 13-20
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Leishmania infantum; Phlebotomus perniciosus; T-lymphocytes; antibodies; antigens; disease transmission; dog diseases; dogs; females; flow cytometry; fluorescent antibody technique; humoral immunity; phytohemagglutinin; therapeutics; visceral leishmaniasis
Abstract:
... The efficacy of specific immunochemotherapy against Leishmania infantum infection in dog was studied. The effects on transmission of the disease, as well as the cellular and humoral immune response were examined. The treated animals showed a significant reduction in the infection rates that were detected in Phlebotomus perniciosus females fed on the dog. The humoral immune response, assayed with a ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00128-9

48. Expression in Escherichia coli and purification of the functional feline granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Author:
Yamamoto, Akira; Iwata, Akira; Saitoh, Toshiki; Tuchiya, Kotaro; Kanai, Tomoko; Tsujimoto, Hajime; Hasegawa, Atsuhiko; Ishihama, Akira; Ueda, Susumu
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.90 no.3-4 pp. 169-177
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Escherichia coli; adverse effects; antibody formation; cats; cell proliferation; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; histidine; inclusion bodies; lymphocytes; monocytes; neutrophils; washing
Abstract:
... Feline granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with an N-terminal histidine hexamer tag was expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli. The G-CSF solubilized in 6 M guanidine solution was absorbed onto a Ni-NTA column and, after washing with decreasing concentrations of guanidine, eluted with imidazole in a soluble and apparently pure form. The activity of the recombinant feline G-CSF was 3×10 ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00259-3

49. Expression of CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) mRNA in canine atopic skin lesion

Author:
Maeda, Sadatoshi; Okayama, Taro; Omori, Keitaro; Masuda, Kenichi; Sakaguchi, Masahiro; Ohno, Koichi; Tsujimoto, Hajime
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.90 no.3-4 pp. 145-154
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
CCR4 receptor; amino acid sequences; amino acids; atopic dermatitis; chemokine CCL17; complementary DNA; dogs; guinea pigs; heart; humans; lymph nodes; messenger RNA; mice; nucleotides; open reading frames; skin lesions; small intestine; spleen; tissues
Abstract:
... CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is a G protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor that is selectively expressed on Th2 cells and plays an important role in the trafficking of Th2 cells into inflammatory sites. In this study, a full-length canine CCR4 cDNA was cloned and characterized in order to examine the potential role of CCR4 in allergic responses that produce skin lesions in canine atopic de ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00232-5

50. Expression of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA in the lymphatic organs of adult and neonatal pigs

Author:
Mikami, O.; Muneta, Y.; Mori, Y.; Yokomizo, Y.; Nakajima, Y.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2002 v.90 no.3-4 pp. 203-207
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
adults; foreign bodies; gene expression; interleukin-18; interleukin-1beta; interleukin-6; lymph nodes; messenger RNA; piglets; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; spleen; tonsils; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... Inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in the lymphatic organs of neonatal, 1-month-old and adult pigs was compared. The mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the spleen, thymus, tonsil and popliteal and mesenteric lymph nodes was investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Stronger IL-1β mRNA expression was observed in the 1-day-old and 1-month-old ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00260-X