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1. Molecular characterization of a novel reassortment Mammalian orthoreovirus type 2 isolated from a Florida white-tailed deer fawn

Author:
Ahasan, Mohammad Shamim; Subramaniam, Kuttichantran; Sayler, Katherine A.; Loeb, Julia C.; Popov, Vsevolod L.; Lednicky, John A.; Wisely, Samantha M.; Campos Krauer, Juan M.; Waltzek, Thomas B.
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.270 pp. 197642
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Mammalian orthoreovirus; Odocoileus virginianus; Panthera leo; RNA; cDNA libraries; capsid; cytopathogenicity; cytoplasm; diarrhea; digestive system diseases; fawns; genes; glutaraldehyde; heart; humans; liver; mink; monitoring; necropsy; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); spleen; tissues; transmission electron microscopy; urine; virion; wildlife; China; Florida; Japan
Abstract:
... Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) is the type species of the genus Orthoreovirus and causes a range of significant respiratory, nervous or enteric diseases in humans and animals. In 2016 a farmed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn became ill, displaying clinical signs of lethargy, dehydration, and profuse foul-smelling diarrhea. A necropsy was performed after the three-week-old fawn died ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197642

2. Molecular variability of apple hammerhead viroid from Italian apple varieties supports the relevance in vivo of its branched conformation stabilized by a kissing loop interaction

Author:
Chiumenti, Michela; Navarro, Beatriz; Venerito, Pasquale; Civita, Francesco; Minafra, Angelantonio; Di Serio, Francesco
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.270 pp. 197644
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Malus domestica; RNA; Rosa; apples; cultivars; genetic variation; mutation; pathogenicity; sequence analysis; Italy
Abstract:
... In the absence of protein-coding ability, viroid RNAs rely on direct interactions with host factors for their infectivity. RNA structural elements are likely involved in these interactions. Therefore, preservation of a structural element, despite the sequence variability existing between the variants of a viroid population, is considered a solid evidence of its relevant role in vivo. In this study ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197644

3. Amino acid changes in HA and determinants of pathogenicity associated with influenza virus A H1N1pdm09 during the winter seasons 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 in Mexico

Author:
Joel Armando, Vázquez-Pérez; Daniela, De La Rosa-Zamboni; Emmanuel, Vega-Sánchez Ángel; Horacio, Gutiérrez-González Luis; Norma Angélica, Téllez-Navarrete; Fernando, Campos; Cristóbal, Guadarrama-Pérez; Luis, Sandoval José; Manuel, Castillejos-López; Rodolfo Norberto, Jiménez-Juárez; José Luis, Sánchez-Huerta; Brenda Berenice, Pérez-Méndez; Rogelio, Pérez-Padilla
Source:
Virus research 2019
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Influenza A virus; RNA; amino acids; glycosylation; hemagglutinins; pandemic; pathogenicity; patients; phylogeny; respiratory system; respiratory tract diseases; vaccines; viruses; winter; Canada; Europe; Mexico; United States
Abstract:
... Biennial H1N1pdm09 influenza A virus (IAV) epidemics have been associated with major severity of respiratory disease in Mexico. Atypically and in contrast with what happened in USA, Canada and Europe during 2017, an increase of infections due to the H1N1pdm09 pandemic virus instead of H3N2 was observed. In order to determine the viral contribution to severe acute respiratory disease, we characteri ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197731

4. High prevalence of hepatitis E virus in raw sewage in Southern Italy

Author:
Di Profio, Federica; Melegari, Irene; Palombieri, Andrea; Sarchese, Vittorio; Arbuatti, Alessio; Fruci, Paola; Marsilio, Fulvio; Martella, Vito; Di Martino, Barbara
Source:
Virus research 2019
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Hepatitis E virus; RNA; genes; geographical variation; hepatitis E; hosts; humans; monitoring; sequence analysis; seroprevalence; sewage; wastewater treatment; Italy
Abstract:
... Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections constitute a significant health problem worldwide. The burden of hepatitis E in Italy seems low when compared with other European countries. In recent years, improved surveillance activities in Italy have revealed marked geographical differences in HEV epidemiology, with some regions characterised by higher seroprevalence rates. Abruzzo Region (Southern Italy) is ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197710

5. Host-specific loss of sequences of an alfalfa mosaic virus isolate during systemic infection

Author:
Calderón-Pérez, Berenice; Piedra-Ibarra, Elías; de la Torre-Almaráz, Rodolfo; Xoconostle-Cázares, Beatriz; Ruiz-Medrano, Roberto
Source:
Virus research 2019
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Alfalfa mosaic virus; Leonotis; Northern blotting; RNA; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; coat proteins; cultivars; genes; genomics; host specificity; indicator species; leaves; pathogenicity; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; tomatoes; viruses
Abstract:
... Infectivity of an alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) isolate from Leonotis nepetaefolia in different tomato cultivars was analyzed. Symptoms typical of AMV infection were observed in indicator plants, but not in Flora Dade and Rio Grande tomato cultivars; however, mild symptoms were observed in cv. Rutgers. Furthermore, at least 1 kb of the 3´ segment of RNA 2 and the coat protein gene were missing in sys ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197703

6. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor X1 restricts porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 replication by interacting with viral Nsp9

Author:
Jing, Huiyuan; Song, Tao; Cao, Sufang; Sun, Yanting; Wang, Jinhe; Dong, Wang; Zhang, Yan; Ding, Zhen; Wang, Ting; Xing, Zhao; Bao, Wenqi
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.268 pp. 18-26
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; RNA; RNA-directed RNA polymerase; antiviral properties; genes; macrophages; mutagens; oligomerization; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome; swine; viral nonstructural proteins
Abstract:
... Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes one of the most economically important diseases of swine worldwide. Current antiviral strategies provide only limited protection. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) X1 is unique among NLR proteins in its functions as a pro-viral or antiviral factor to different viral infections. To date, the impact of NLR ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.05.011

7. Functional insights into the role of C-terminal disordered domain of Sesbania mosaic virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the coat protein in viral replication in vivo

Author:
Bakshi, Arindam; Savithri, Handanahal Subbarao
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.267 pp. 26-35
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Cyamopsis; RNA; RNA-directed RNA polymerase; Sesbania mosaic virus; agroinfiltration; coat proteins; complementary DNA; genomics; mutants; mutation; progeny; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; start codon; transfection; tyrosine; virus replication
Abstract:
... The C-terminal disordered domain of sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) interacts with the viral protein P10. The functional significance of this interaction in viral replication was examined by a comparative analysis of genomic and sub-genomic RNA levels (obtained by quantitative real time PCR) in the total RNA extracted from Cyamopsis plants agro-infiltrated with wil ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.05.003

8. Infectivity of GII.4 human norovirus does not differ between T-B-NK+ severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and non-SCID gnotobiotic pigs, implicating the role of NK cells in mediation of human norovirus infection

Author:
Annamalai, Thavamathi; Lu, Zhongyan; Jung, Kwonil; Langel, Stephanie N.; Tuggle, Christopher K.; Dekkers, Jack C.M.; Waide, Emily H.; Kandasamy, Sukumar; Saif, Linda J.
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.267 pp. 21-25
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Norovirus; RNA; cytotoxicity; diarrhea; euthanasia; flow cytometry; gastroenteritis; genomics; germ-free animals; histopathology; ileum; innate immunity; natural killer cells; pathogenesis; pathogenicity; patients; severe combined immunodeficiency; swine; toxicity testing
Abstract:
... Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. It is unclear which arm of the immune system regulates resistance to HuNoV infection. Thus, we studied the pathogenesis of human norovirus (HuNoV) in T−B−NK+ Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) gnotobiotic pigs to investigate the role of innate (especially, natural killer (NK) cells) immunity in HuNoV infection. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.05.002

9. Kinetics of infectious virus and viral RNA copy number in the blood of olive flounder infected with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV)

Author:
Kim, Soo-Jin; Qadiri, Syed Shariq Nazir; Kim, Jae-Ok; Oh, Myung-Joo
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.267 pp. 16-20
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Paralichthys olivaceus; RNA; Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus; blood; blood sampling; cell culture; diagnostic techniques; fish; genes; kidneys; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; septicemia; spleen; temperature; viral load; viruses; water
Abstract:
... Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is a cold-water disease caused by viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) at an optimal temperature of 9 °C–15 °C. VHSV isolation and detection have been accomplished by using a number of diagnostic methods such as cell culture and qRT-PCR. Spleen and kidney have been reported as the main target organs of VHSV-infection; however, how VHSV spreads throughout the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.05.001

10. Viral sequences required for efficient viral infection differ between two Chinese pepper mild mottle virus isolates

Author:
Yu, Man; Liu, He; Zheng, Hongying; Yan, Fei; Zhao, Xiuxiang; Xia, Zihao; An, Mengnan; Wu, Yuanhua
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.267 pp. 9-15
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Capsicum annuum; Nicotiana benthamiana; Northern blotting; Pepper mild mottle virus; RNA; abnormal development; coat proteins; fruits; human health; leaves; mutants; nucleotide sequences; pathogenesis; peppers; virion; viruses; China
Abstract:
... Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) causes mosaic symptoms and malformation on both leaf and fruit of pepper, reduces considerable economical yields and poses threats to human health. In this study, infectious clone of PMMoV Huludao (HLD) isolate (pCB-PMMoV-HLD) was constructed and its infectious ablility in Nicotiana benthamiana was confirmed by virions observation and Northern blot analysis. The mu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.04.007

11. Beta vulgaris mitovirus 1 in diverse cultivars of beet and chard

Author:
Vong, Minh; Manny, Austin R.; Smith, Kathryn L.; Gao, William; Nibert, Max L.
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.265 pp. 80-87
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris; Mitovirus; RNA; ancestry; beets; breeding lines; chard; cultivars; cytoplasmic male sterility; fungi; humans; mitochondria; monophyly; phytobiome; sugar beet; viruses
Abstract:
... Recent results indicate that mitoviruses, which replicate persistently in host mitochondria, are not restricted to fungi, but instead are found also in plants. Beta vulgaris mitovirus 1 (BevuMV1) is an example first discovered in sugar beet cultivars. For the current study, complete coding sequences of 42 BevuMV1 strains were newly determined, derived from not only sugar beet but also fodder beet, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.02.008

12. Extracellular vesicles: Vehicles of en bloc viral transmission

Author:
Altan-Bonnet, Nihal; Perales, Celia; Domingo, Esteban
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.265 pp. 143-149
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
DNA viruses; RNA; RNA viruses; genome; hosts; mutagenesis; mutants; virion; virulence; virus transmission; viruses
Abstract:
... En Bloc transmission of viruses allow multiple genomes to collectivelly penetrate and initiate infection in the same cell, often resulting in enhanced infectivity. Given the quasispecies (mutant cloud) nature of RNA viruses and many DNA viruses, en bloc transmission of multiple genomes provides different starting points in sequence space to initiate adaptive walks, and has implications for modulat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.023

13. Identification of hepatitis E virus subtype 4f in blood donors in Shanghai, China

Author:
Chen, Xiangxiang; Gong, Ping; Wagner, Abram L.; Li, Yixuan; Wang, Guanhong; Lu, Yihan
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.265 pp. 30-33
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Orthohepevirus A; risk; immunoglobulin G; immunoglobulin M; men; screening; seroprevalence; alanine transaminase; antibodies; phylogeny; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; blood donors; genotype; genotyping; RNA; blood; China
Abstract:
... Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been divided into eight genotypes and approximately thirty subtypes. Past studies of blood donors have revealed a substantial prevalence of HEV infection. We examined anti-HEV antibodies and HEV RNA in Chinese voluntary blood donors (VBDs). Blood specimens were collected during 2010–2011, 2014–2015, and 2018, and tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies. HEV RNA was t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.001

14. Redefining the medicago sativa alphapartitiviruses genome sequences

Author:
Bejerman, Nicolás; Debat, Humberto; Nome, Claudia; Cabrera-Mederos, Dariel; Trucco, Verónica; de Breuil, Soledad; Lenardon, Sergio; Giolitti, Fabián
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.265 pp. 156-161
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Medicago sativa; RNA; RNA-directed RNA polymerase; alfalfa; amino acids; coat proteins; cultivars; data collection; genes; nucleotide sequences; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; viruses
Abstract:
... In alfalfa samples analyzed by hightroughput sequencing, four de novo assembled contigs encoding gene products showing identities to alphapartitiviruses proteins were found based on BlastX analysis. The predicted amino acid (aa) sequences of two contigs presented 99–100% identity to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and the capsid protein (CP) of the recently reported medicago sativa alphapa ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.021

15. To assemble or not to assemble: The changing rules of pneumovirus transmission

Author:
Cifuentes-Muñoz, Nicolás; Ellis Dutch, Rebecca
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.265 pp. 68-73
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Human metapneumovirus; Pneumovirus; RNA; Respiratory syncytial virus; genome; genomics; giant cells; immune response; inclusion bodies; microfilaments; nucleocapsid; organelles; pathogens; public health; risk; virion; virus transmission; viruses
Abstract:
... Pneumoviruses represent a major public health burden across the world. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV), two of the most recognizable pediatric infectious agents, belong to this family. These viruses are enveloped with a non-segmented negative-sense RNA genome, and their replication occurs in specialized cytosolic organelles named inclusion bodies (IB). The critic ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.002

16. High CD8 T cell percentage and HCV replication control are common features in HIV-1 controllers and HTLV-2-co-infected patients with a history of injection drug use

Author:
Ruiz-Mateos, Ezequiel; Ruiz-León, María J.; Tarancón-Díez, Laura; Gutiérrez, Carolina; Dronda, Fernando; Domínguez-Molina, Beatriz; Pérez-Elías, María J.; Moreno, Ana; Leal, Manuel; Moreno, Santiago; Vallejo, Alejandro
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.264 pp. 40-44
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; CD8-positive T-lymphocytes; HIV infections; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Primate T-lymphotropic virus 2; RNA; adults; antibodies; controllers; cross-sectional studies; gender; genotype; hospitals; multivariate analysis; patients; virus replication
Abstract:
... HTLV-2/HIV-1-coinfected patients and HIV-infected patients with natural HIV-1 control show an immune capacity that allows some control of viral infections. These two groups of patients have showed an immune capacity that allows them to have some control over viral infections, very strong control of HIV-1 replication in the case of HIV-1 controllers. The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectiona ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.02.007

17. A new emaravirus discovered in Pistacia from Turkey

Author:
Buzkan, Nihal; Chiumenti, Michela; Massart, Sébastien; Sarpkaya, Kamil; Karadağ, Serpil; Minafra, Angelantonio
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.263 pp. 159-163
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
Emaravirus; Pistacia; RNA; RNA-directed RNA polymerase; amino acid sequences; genes; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; mites; pistachios; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; surveys; trees; virus transmission; viruses; Turkey (country)
Abstract:
... High throughput sequencing was performed on total pooled RNA from six Turkish trees of Pistacia showing different viral symptoms. The analysis produced some contigs showing similarity with RNAs of emaraviruses. Seven distinct negative–sense, single-stranded RNAs were identified as belonging to a new putative virus infecting pistachio. The amino acid sequence identity compared to homologs in the ge ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.01.012

18. Early events in rabies virus infection—Attachment, entry, and intracellular trafficking

Author:
Guo, Yidi; Duan, Ming; Wang, Xinping; Gao, Jie; Guan, Zhenhong; Zhang, Maolin
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.263 pp. 217-225
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
death; Rabies lyssavirus; public health; virion; rabies; capsid; genome; physiological transport; ribonucleoproteins; models; endocytosis; viruses; gangliosides; actin; receptors; RNA; virus replication
Abstract:
... Rabies virus (RABV), an enveloped virus with a single-stranded and negative-sense RNA genome, is the type species of the Lyssavirus Genus within the Rhabdoviridae family. As the causative agent of rabies with a nearly 100% fatality, the neurotropic RABV pose a serious threat to the global public health. Though a great effort has been made toward understanding the molecular mechanism underlying vir ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.02.006

19. Optimization of qRT-PCR assay for zika virus detection in human serum and urine

Author:
del Pilar Martinez Viedma, Maria; Puri, Vinita; Oldfield, Lauren M.; Shabman, Reed S.; Tan, Gene S.; Pickett, Brett E.
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.263 pp. 173-178
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
RNA; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; World Health Organization; Zika virus; blood serum; complementary DNA; detection limit; humans; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; urine; viruses
Abstract:
... Zika Virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global concern due to the severity of infection. This study focuses on determining the level of detection of ZIKV RNA in human serum and urine. Known amounts of Zika virus were added to uninfected human serum and urine samples. Different reverse transcriptases were compared to select the optimal en ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.01.013

20. The actin cytoskeleton is important for rotavirus internalization and RNA genome replication

Author:
Trejo-Cerro, Oscar; Aguilar-Hernández, Nayeli; Silva-Ayala, Daniela; López, Susana; Arias, Carlos F.
Source:
Virus research 2019 v.263 pp. 27-33
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
RNA; Rotavirus; genome; guanosinetriphosphatase; microfilament proteins; microfilaments; signal transduction; viruses
Abstract:
... Numerous host factors are required for the efficient replication of rotavirus, including the activation and inactivation of several cell signaling pathways. One of the cellular structures that are reorganized during rotavirus infection is the actin cytoskeleton. In this work, we report that the dynamics of the actin microfilaments are important at different stages of the virus life cycle, specific ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2019.01.003