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... In 2021, we commemorate the 40th anniversary of the identification of the disease AIDS, the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a name that for the first time in history was launched in 1981 [...] ...
Laura A. St Clair; Ali L. Brehm; Shelby Cagle; Tillie Dunham; Jonathan Faris; Paul Gendler; Monica E. Graham; Sandra L. Quackenbush; Joel Rovnak; Rushika Perera
Human alphaherpesvirus 3; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; genome assembly; interferons; monitoring; national forests; pathogenesis; prions; traditional medicine; vaccines; virology; Colorado
Abstract:
... Nestled within the Rocky Mountain National Forest, 114 scientists and students gathered at Colorado State University’s Mountain Campus for this year’s 21st annual Rocky Mountain National Virology Association meeting. This 3-day retreat consisted of 31 talks and 30 poster presentations discussing advances in research pertaining to viral and prion diseases. The keynote address provided a timely disc ...
... Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, Cucumovirus, Bromoviridae) is an economically significant virus infecting important horticultural and field crops. Current knowledge regarding the specific functions of its movement protein (MP) is still incomplete. In the present study, potential post-translational modification sites of its MP were assayed with mutant viruses: MP/S28A, MP/S28D, MP/S120A and MP/S120D. S ...
Influenza A virus; antiviral properties; ducks; gramine; influenza; lungs; mice; mortality; viruses; weight loss
Abstract:
... Influenza A viruses are serious zoonotic pathogens that continuously cause pandemics in several animal hosts, including birds, pigs, and humans. Indole derivatives containing an indole core framework have been extensively studied and developed to prevent and/or treat viral infection. This study evaluated the anti-influenza activity of several indole derivatives, including 3-indoleacetonitrile, ind ...
... Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. We have recently developed an HDV mouse model based on the delivery of HDV replication-competent genomes using adeno-associated vectors (AAV), which developed a liver pathology very similar to the human disease and allowed us to perform mechanistic stud ...
Daniel L. Faden; Krystle A. Lang Kuhs; Maoxuan Lin; Adam Langenbucher; Maisa Pinheiro; Meredith Yeager; Michael Cullen; Joseph F. Boland; Mia Steinberg; Sara Bass; James S. Lewis; Michael S. Lawrence; Robert L. Ferris; Lisa Mirabello
Papillomaviridae; RNA; alleles; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; humans; mutagenesis; mutagens; squamous cell carcinoma; transcriptome; viral genome; viruses
Abstract:
... APOBEC is a mutagenic source in human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated malignancies, including HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + OPSCC), and in HPV genomes. It is unknown why APOBEC mutations predominate in HPV + OPSCC, or if the APOBEC-induced mutations observed in both human cancers and HPV genomes are directly linked. We performed sequencing of host somatic exomes, transcriptomes, ...
Adam Z. Cheng; Sofia N. Moraes; Nadine M. Shaban; Elisa Fanunza; Craig J. Bierle; Peter J. Southern; Wade A. Bresnahan; Stephen A. Rice; Reuben S. Harris
DNA replication; Human gammaherpesvirus 4; apolipoprotein B; cytosine; deamination; genomics; herpes simplex; mutation; pathogenesis; pathogenicity; ribonucleotide reductase; viruses
Abstract:
... The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family of DNA cytosine deaminases provides a broad and overlapping defense against viral infections. Successful viral pathogens, by definition, have evolved strategies to escape restriction by the APOBEC enzymes of their hosts. HIV-1 and related retroviruses are thought to be the predominant natural substrates of APOBEC ...
Manuel V. Borca; Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina; Ediane Silva; Elizabeth Vuono; Ayushi Rai; Sarah Pruitt; Nallely Espinoza; Lauro Velazquez-Salinas; Cyril G. Gay; Douglas P. Gladue
African swine fever; African swine fever virus; antibodies; fever; genes; immunoglobulin G; nose; pandemic; pork industry; recombinant vaccines; swine; vaccination; virulence; Africa; Eurasia; Georgia; Western European region
Abstract:
... The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is currently causing a pandemic affecting wild and domestic swine from Western Europe to Asia. No commercial vaccines are available to prevent African swine fever (ASF), resulting in overwhelming economic losses to the swine industry. We recently developed a recombinant vaccine candidate, ASFVG-ΔI177L, by deleting the I177L gene from the genome of the highly vi ...
... Systemic symptoms have often been observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in addition to pneumonia, however, the details are still unclear due to the lack of an appropriate animal model. In this study, we investigated and compared blood coagulation abnormalities and tissue damage between male Syrian hamsters of 9 (young) and over 36 (aged) weeks old after intranasal infection ...
Ali Bektaş; Michael F. Covington; Guy Aidelberg; Anibal Arce; Tamara Matute; Isaac Núñez; Julia Walsh; David Boutboul; Constance Delaugerre; Ariel B. Lindner; Fernán Federici; Anitha D. Jayaprakash
... The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted bottlenecks in large-scale, frequent testing of populations for infections. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic tests are expensive, reliant on centralized labs, can take days to deliver results, and are prone to backlogs and supply shortages. Antigen tests that bind and detect the surface proteins of a virus are rapid a ...
... Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that Viruses maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers [...] ...
Tamiris Azamor; Andréa Marques Vieira da Silva; Juliana Gil Melgaço; Ana Paula dos Santos; Caroline Xavier-Carvalho; Lucia Elena Alvarado-Arnez; Leonardo Ribeiro Batista-Silva; Denise Cristina de Souza Matos; Camilla Bayma; Sotiris Missailidis; Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom; Milton Ozorio Moraes; Patrícia Cristina da Costa Neves
... The yellow fever vaccine (YF17DD) is highly effective with a single injection conferring protection for at least 10 years. The YF17DD induces polyvalent responses, with a TH1/TH2 CD4⁺ profile, robust T CD8⁺ responses, and synthesis of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), culminating in high titers of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, C-type lectin domain containing 5A (CLEC5A) has been implicated in inna ...
... Background: Every year, millions of people are hospitalized and thousands die from influenza A virus (FLUAV) infection. Most cases of hospitalizations and death occur among the elderly. Many of these elderly patients are reliant on medical treatment of underlying chronic diseases, such as arthritis, diabetes, and hypertension. We hypothesized that the commonly prescribed medicines for treatment of ...
Ray Taylor; Richard Bowen; James F. Demarest; Michael DeSpirito; Airn Hartwig; Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann; Dennis M. Walling; Amanda Mathis; Yarlagadda S. Babu
COVID-19 infection; Mesocricetus auratus; RNA; Rift Valley fever; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; animal models; antiviral agents; antiviral properties; lungs; medical treatment; public health; yellow fever
Abstract:
... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has claimed the lives of millions of people worldwide since it first emerged. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public health and the global economy has highlighted the medical need for the development of broadly acting interventions against emerging viral threats. Galidesivir is a broad-spectrum antiviral compound with demonstrated in vitro and in vivo eff ...
Guilherme B. Farias; Robert Badura; Carolina M. Conceição; André M. C. Gomes; Ana Godinho-Santos; Joel Laia; Pedro Rosmaninho; Diana F. Santos; Catarina Mota; Afonso R. M. Almeida; Susana M. Fernandes; Amelia C. Trombetta; Ana E. Sousa
HIV infections; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; T-lymphocytes; case studies; flow cytometry; immunosuppression; inflammation; monitoring; monocytes; patients; phenotype
Abstract:
... Monocytes are key modulators in acute viral infections, determining both inflammation and development of specific B- and T-cell responses. Recently, these cells were shown to be associated to different SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome. However, their role in acute HIV-1 infection remains unclear. We had the opportunity to evaluate the mononuclear cell compartment in an early hyper-acute HIV-1 patient ...
Reed F. Johnson; Lauren A. Keith; Timothy K. Cooper; Srikanth Yellayi; Nicole M. Josleyn; Krisztina B. Janosko; James D. Pettitt; David Thomasson; Katie R. Hagen; Robin Gross; John G. Bernbaum; Debbie Douglas; Jeffrey Solomon; Mark Martinez; Kurt Cooper; Marisa St. Claire; Danny R. Ragland; Peter B. Jahrling; Jens H. Kuhn; Andrew E. Arai
... Hemorrhagic smallpox, caused by variola virus (VARV), was a rare but nearly 100% lethal human disease manifestation. Hemorrhagic smallpox is frequently characterized by secondary bacterial infection, coagulopathy, and myocardial and subendocardial hemorrhages. Previous experiments have demonstrated that intravenous (IV) cowpox virus (CPXV) exposure of macaques mimics human hemorrhagic smallpox. Th ...
Geovani de Oliveira Ribeiro; Danielle Elise Gill; Edcelha Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro; Fred Julio Costa Monteiro; Vanessa S. Morais; Roberta Marcatti; Marlisson Octavio da S. Rego; Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo; Steven S. Witkin; Fabiola Villanova; Xutao Deng; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Eric Delwart; Élcio Leal; Antonio Charlys da Costa
... Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen that plagues many tropical-climate nations around the world, including Brazil. Molecular epidemiology is a growing and increasingly invaluable tool for understanding the dispersal, persistence, and diversity of this impactful virus. In this study, plasma samples (n = 824) from individuals with symptoms consistent with an arboviral febrile illn ...
Sergei N. Shchelkunov; Alexander A. Sergeev; Stanislav N. Yakubitskiy; Ksenia A. Titova; Stepan A. Pyankov; Irina V. Kolosova; Ekaterina V. Starostina; Mariya B. Borgoyakova; Alexey M. Zadorozhny; Denis N. Kisakov; Irina S. Shulgina; Larisa I. Karpenko
... Mass vaccination has played a critical role in the global eradication of smallpox. Various vaccinia virus (VACV) strains, whose origin has not been clearly documented in most cases, have been used as live vaccines in different countries. These VACV strains differed in pathogenicity towards various laboratory animals and in reactogenicity exhibited upon vaccination of humans. In this work, we studi ...
Rabies lyssavirus; antiretroviral agents; capsid; chemotypes; drug resistance; rabies
Abstract:
... The concerning increase in HIV-1 resistance argues for prioritizing the development of host-targeting antiviral drugs because such drugs can offer high genetic barriers to the selection of drug-resistant viral variants. Targeting host proteins could also yield drugs that act on viral life cycle events that have proven elusive to inhibition, such as intracellular events of HIV-1 immature capsid ass ...
... Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus of cats worldwide. High viral loads are associated with progressive infection and the death of the host, due to FeLV-associated disease. In contrast, low viral loads, an effective immune response, and a better clinical outcome can be observed in cats with regressive infection. We hypothesize that by lowering viral loads in progressively infected cats, u ...