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You searched for: Journal name Viruses Remove constraint Journal name: Viruses Publication year rev 7979-2021 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 7979-2021
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1. 1984—Discovery of the First Anti-HIV Drug, Suramin

Author:
Erik De Clercq
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; antiretroviral agents; suramin
Abstract:
... In 2021, we commemorate the 40th anniversary of the identification of the disease AIDS, the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a name that for the first time in history was launched in 1981 [...] ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13081646

2. The 21st Annual Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Virology Association

Author:
Laura A. St Clair; Ali L. Brehm; Shelby Cagle; Tillie Dunham; Jonathan Faris; Paul Gendler; Monica E. Graham; Sandra L. Quackenbush; Joel Rovnak; Rushika Perera
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Human alphaherpesvirus 3; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; genome assembly; interferons; monitoring; national forests; pathogenesis; prions; traditional medicine; vaccines; virology; Colorado
Abstract:
... Nestled within the Rocky Mountain National Forest, 114 scientists and students gathered at Colorado State University’s Mountain Campus for this year’s 21st annual Rocky Mountain National Virology Association meeting. This 3-day retreat consisted of 31 talks and 30 poster presentations discussing advances in research pertaining to viral and prion diseases. The keynote address provided a timely disc ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13122392

3. The 28 Ser Amino Acid of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Movement Protein Has a Role in Symptom Formation and Plasmodesmata Localization

Author:
Réka Sáray; Attila Fábián; László Palkovics; Katalin Salánki
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Chenopodium murale; Cucumber mosaic virus; Cucumis sativus; Nicotiana tabacum; amino acids; callose; cell membranes; confocal laser scanning microscopy; green fluorescent protein; horticulture; mutants; pathogenicity; plasmodesmata; post-translational modification; viruses
Abstract:
... Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, Cucumovirus, Bromoviridae) is an economically significant virus infecting important horticultural and field crops. Current knowledge regarding the specific functions of its movement protein (MP) is still incomplete. In the present study, potential post-translational modification sites of its MP were assayed with mutant viruses: MP/S28A, MP/S28D, MP/S120A and MP/S120D. S ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13020222

4. 3-Indoleacetonitrile Is Highly Effective in Treating Influenza A Virus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo

Author:
Xuejin Zhao; Lianzhong Zhao; Ya Zhao; Kun Huang; Wenxiao Gong; Ying Yang; Li Zhao; Xiaohan Xia; Zaiyun Li; Feng Sheng; Xuezhu Du; Meilin Jin
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Influenza A virus; antiviral properties; ducks; gramine; influenza; lungs; mice; mortality; viruses; weight loss
Abstract:
... Influenza A viruses are serious zoonotic pathogens that continuously cause pandemics in several animal hosts, including birds, pigs, and humans. Indole derivatives containing an indole core framework have been extensively studied and developed to prevent and/or treat viral infection. This study evaluated the anti-influenza activity of several indole derivatives, including 3-indoleacetonitrile, ind ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13081433

5. AAV-HDV: An Attractive Platform for the In Vivo Study of HDV Biology and the Mechanism of Disease Pathogenesis

Author:
Sheila Maestro; Nahia Gómez-Echarte; Gracián Camps; Carla Usai; Lester Suárez; África Vales; Cristina Olagüe; Rafael Aldabe; Gloria González-Aseguinolaza
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Hepatitis delta virus; genome; human diseases; inflammation; liver; mice; mutants; pathogenesis; viral hepatitis
Abstract:
... Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. We have recently developed an HDV mouse model based on the delivery of HDV replication-competent genomes using adeno-associated vectors (AAV), which developed a liver pathology very similar to the human disease and allowed us to perform mechanistic stud ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13050788

6. APOBEC Mutagenesis Is Concordant between Tumor and Viral Genomes in HPV-Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Author:
Daniel L. Faden; Krystle A. Lang Kuhs; Maoxuan Lin; Adam Langenbucher; Maisa Pinheiro; Meredith Yeager; Michael Cullen; Joseph F. Boland; Mia Steinberg; Sara Bass; James S. Lewis; Michael S. Lawrence; Robert L. Ferris; Lisa Mirabello
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Papillomaviridae; RNA; alleles; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; humans; mutagenesis; mutagens; squamous cell carcinoma; transcriptome; viral genome; viruses
Abstract:
... APOBEC is a mutagenic source in human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated malignancies, including HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + OPSCC), and in HPV genomes. It is unknown why APOBEC mutations predominate in HPV + OPSCC, or if the APOBEC-induced mutations observed in both human cancers and HPV genomes are directly linked. We performed sequencing of host somatic exomes, transcriptomes, ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13081666

7. APOBECs and Herpesviruses

Author:
Adam Z. Cheng; Sofia N. Moraes; Nadine M. Shaban; Elisa Fanunza; Craig J. Bierle; Peter J. Southern; Wade A. Bresnahan; Stephen A. Rice; Reuben S. Harris
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
DNA replication; Human gammaherpesvirus 4; apolipoprotein B; cytosine; deamination; genomics; herpes simplex; mutation; pathogenesis; pathogenicity; ribonucleotide reductase; viruses
Abstract:
... The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family of DNA cytosine deaminases provides a broad and overlapping defense against viral infections. Successful viral pathogens, by definition, have evolved strategies to escape restriction by the APOBEC enzymes of their hosts. HIV-1 and related retroviruses are thought to be the predominant natural substrates of APOBEC ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030390

8. ASFV-G-∆I177L as an Effective Oral Nasal Vaccine against the Eurasia Strain of Africa Swine Fever

Author:
Manuel V. Borca; Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina; Ediane Silva; Elizabeth Vuono; Ayushi Rai; Sarah Pruitt; Nallely Espinoza; Lauro Velazquez-Salinas; Cyril G. Gay; Douglas P. Gladue
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
African swine fever; African swine fever virus; antibodies; fever; genes; immunoglobulin G; nose; pandemic; pork industry; recombinant vaccines; swine; vaccination; virulence; Africa; Eurasia; Georgia; Western European region
Abstract:
... The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is currently causing a pandemic affecting wild and domestic swine from Western Europe to Asia. No commercial vaccines are available to prevent African swine fever (ASF), resulting in overwhelming economic losses to the swine industry. We recently developed a recombinant vaccine candidate, ASFVG-ΔI177L, by deleting the I177L gene from the genome of the highly vi ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13050765

9. Abnormal Blood Coagulation and Kidney Damage in Aged Hamsters Infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Author:
Marumi Ohno; Michihito Sasaki; Yasuko Orba; Toshiki Sekiya; Md. Abdul Masum; Osamu Ichii; Tatsuya Sawamura; Akemi Kakino; Yasuhiko Suzuki; Hiroshi Kida; Hirofumi Sawa; Masashi Shingai
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.11 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; animal models; blood coagulation; coagulation; elderly; hamsters; humans; kidneys; males; mortality; pathogenesis; pneumonia; prothrombin; virus replication
Abstract:
... Systemic symptoms have often been observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in addition to pneumonia, however, the details are still unclear due to the lack of an appropriate animal model. In this study, we investigated and compared blood coagulation abnormalities and tissue damage between male Syrian hamsters of 9 (young) and over 36 (aged) weeks old after intranasal infection ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13112137

10. Accessible LAMP-Enabled Rapid Test (ALERT) for Detecting SARS-CoV-2

Author:
Ali Bektaş; Michael F. Covington; Guy Aidelberg; Anibal Arce; Tamara Matute; Isaac Núñez; Julia Walsh; David Boutboul; Constance Delaugerre; Ariel B. Lindner; Fernán Federici; Anitha D. Jayaprakash
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; ambient temperature; antigens; influenza; liquids; magnetism; nose; pandemic; polymerase chain reaction; quality control; rapid methods; reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification; saliva; shelf life; viruses
Abstract:
... The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted bottlenecks in large-scale, frequent testing of populations for infections. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic tests are expensive, reliant on centralized labs, can take days to deliver results, and are prone to backlogs and supply shortages. Antigen tests that bind and detect the surface proteins of a virus are rapid a ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13050742

11. Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Viruses in 2020

Author:
Viruses Editorial Office
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
journals; peers; viruses
Abstract:
... Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that Viruses maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers [...] ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13010098

12. Activation of an Effective Immune Response after Yellow Fever Vaccination Is Associated with the Genetic Background and Early Response of IFN-γ and CLEC5A

Author:
Tamiris Azamor; Andréa Marques Vieira da Silva; Juliana Gil Melgaço; Ana Paula dos Santos; Caroline Xavier-Carvalho; Lucia Elena Alvarado-Arnez; Leonardo Ribeiro Batista-Silva; Denise Cristina de Souza Matos; Camilla Bayma; Sotiris Missailidis; Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom; Milton Ozorio Moraes; Patrícia Cristina da Costa Neves
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
gene expression; genetic background; humoral immunity; immune response; interferon-gamma; lectins; monocytes; vaccination; vaccines; yellow fever
Abstract:
... The yellow fever vaccine (YF17DD) is highly effective with a single injection conferring protection for at least 10 years. The YF17DD induces polyvalent responses, with a TH1/TH2 CD4⁺ profile, robust T CD8⁺ responses, and synthesis of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), culminating in high titers of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, C-type lectin domain containing 5A (CLEC5A) has been implicated in inna ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13010096

13. Active Components of Commonly Prescribed Medicines Affect Influenza A Virus–Host Cell Interaction: A Pilot Study

Author:
Aleksandr Ianevski; Rouan Yao; Eva Zusinaite; Hilde Lysvand; Valentyn Oksenych; Tanel Tenson; Magnar Bjørås; Denis Kainov
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Influenza A virus; arthritis; atorvastatin; computer simulation; death; diabetes; elderly; epithelium; humans; hypertension; influenza; medical treatment; metabolism; morbidity; mortality; viability; viruses
Abstract:
... Background: Every year, millions of people are hospitalized and thousands die from influenza A virus (FLUAV) infection. Most cases of hospitalizations and death occur among the elderly. Many of these elderly patients are reliant on medical treatment of underlying chronic diseases, such as arthritis, diabetes, and hypertension. We hypothesized that the commonly prescribed medicines for treatment of ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13081537

14. Activity of Galidesivir in a Hamster Model of SARS-CoV-2

Author:
Ray Taylor; Richard Bowen; James F. Demarest; Michael DeSpirito; Airn Hartwig; Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann; Dennis M. Walling; Amanda Mathis; Yarlagadda S. Babu
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.14 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; Mesocricetus auratus; RNA; Rift Valley fever; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; animal models; antiviral agents; antiviral properties; lungs; medical treatment; public health; yellow fever
Abstract:
... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has claimed the lives of millions of people worldwide since it first emerged. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public health and the global economy has highlighted the medical need for the development of broadly acting interventions against emerging viral threats. Galidesivir is a broad-spectrum antiviral compound with demonstrated in vitro and in vivo eff ...
DOI:
10.3390/v14010008

15. Acute HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 Infections Share Slan+ Monocyte Depletion—Evidence from an Hyperacute HIV-1 Case Report

Author:
Guilherme B. Farias; Robert Badura; Carolina M. Conceição; André M. C. Gomes; Ana Godinho-Santos; Joel Laia; Pedro Rosmaninho; Diana F. Santos; Catarina Mota; Afonso R. M. Almeida; Susana M. Fernandes; Amelia C. Trombetta; Ana E. Sousa
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
HIV infections; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; T-lymphocytes; case studies; flow cytometry; immunosuppression; inflammation; monitoring; monocytes; patients; phenotype
Abstract:
... Monocytes are key modulators in acute viral infections, determining both inflammation and development of specific B- and T-cell responses. Recently, these cells were shown to be associated to different SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome. However, their role in acute HIV-1 infection remains unclear. We had the opportunity to evaluate the mononuclear cell compartment in an early hyper-acute HIV-1 patient ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13091805

16. Acute Late-Stage Myocarditis in the Crab-Eating Macaque Model of Hemorrhagic Smallpox

Author:
Reed F. Johnson; Lauren A. Keith; Timothy K. Cooper; Srikanth Yellayi; Nicole M. Josleyn; Krisztina B. Janosko; James D. Pettitt; David Thomasson; Katie R. Hagen; Robin Gross; John G. Bernbaum; Debbie Douglas; Jeffrey Solomon; Mark Martinez; Kurt Cooper; Marisa St. Claire; Danny R. Ragland; Peter B. Jahrling; Jens H. Kuhn; Andrew E. Arai
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Cowpox virus; Variola virus; bacterial infections; human diseases; humans; intravenous injection; models; myocarditis; smallpox
Abstract:
... Hemorrhagic smallpox, caused by variola virus (VARV), was a rare but nearly 100% lethal human disease manifestation. Hemorrhagic smallpox is frequently characterized by secondary bacterial infection, coagulopathy, and myocardial and subendocardial hemorrhages. Previous experiments have demonstrated that intravenous (IV) cowpox virus (CPXV) exposure of macaques mimics human hemorrhagic smallpox. Th ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13081571

17. Adaptive Evolution of New Variants of Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Genotype V Circulating in the Brazilian Amazon

Author:
Geovani de Oliveira Ribeiro; Danielle Elise Gill; Edcelha Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro; Fred Julio Costa Monteiro; Vanessa S. Morais; Roberta Marcatti; Marlisson Octavio da S. Rego; Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo; Steven S. Witkin; Fabiola Villanova; Xutao Deng; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Eric Delwart; Élcio Leal; Antonio Charlys da Costa
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Dengue virus; dengue; evolutionary adaptation; genome; genotype; molecular epidemiology; pathogens; phylogeny; viruses; Amazonia; Brazil
Abstract:
... Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen that plagues many tropical-climate nations around the world, including Brazil. Molecular epidemiology is a growing and increasingly invaluable tool for understanding the dispersal, persistence, and diversity of this impactful virus. In this study, plasma samples (n = 824) from individuals with symptoms consistent with an arboviral febrile illn ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13040689

18. Adaptive Immune Response to Vaccinia Virus LIVP Infection of BALB/c Mice and Protection against Lethal Reinfection with Cowpox Virus

Author:
Sergei N. Shchelkunov; Alexander A. Sergeev; Stanislav N. Yakubitskiy; Ksenia A. Titova; Stepan A. Pyankov; Irina V. Kolosova; Ekaterina V. Starostina; Mariya B. Borgoyakova; Alexey M. Zadorozhny; Denis N. Kisakov; Irina S. Shulgina; Larisa I. Karpenko
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Cowpox virus; Russia; T-lymphocytes; Vaccinia virus; humoral immunity; mice; pathogenicity; smallpox; spleen; vaccination
Abstract:
... Mass vaccination has played a critical role in the global eradication of smallpox. Various vaccinia virus (VACV) strains, whose origin has not been clearly documented in most cases, have been used as live vaccines in different countries. These VACV strains differed in pathogenicity towards various laboratory animals and in reactogenicity exhibited upon vaccination of humans. In this work, we studi ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13081631

19. Addressing Antiretroviral Drug Resistance with Host-Targeting Drugs—First Steps towards Developing a Host-Targeting HIV-1 Assembly Inhibitor

Author:
Jaisri R. Lingappa; Vishwanath R. Lingappa; Jonathan C. Reed
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Rabies lyssavirus; antiretroviral agents; capsid; chemotypes; drug resistance; rabies
Abstract:
... The concerning increase in HIV-1 resistance argues for prioritizing the development of host-targeting antiviral drugs because such drugs can offer high genetic barriers to the selection of drug-resistant viral variants. Targeting host proteins could also yield drugs that act on viral life cycle events that have proven elusive to inhibition, such as intracellular events of HIV-1 immature capsid ass ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030451

20. Adeno-Associated Vector-Delivered CRISPR/SaCas9 System Reduces Feline Leukemia Virus Production In Vitro

Author:
A. Katrin Helfer-Hungerbuehler; Jimit Shah; Theres Meili; Eva Boenzli; Pengfei Li; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Feline leukemia virus; ancestry; antigens; cats; computer simulation; death; gene therapy; genes; hybrids; immune response; immune system; proviruses; serotypes
Abstract:
... Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus of cats worldwide. High viral loads are associated with progressive infection and the death of the host, due to FeLV-associated disease. In contrast, low viral loads, an effective immune response, and a better clinical outcome can be observed in cats with regressive infection. We hypothesize that by lowering viral loads in progressively infected cats, u ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13081636