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You searched for: Journal name Viruses Remove constraint Journal name: Viruses Publication year rev 7979-2021 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 7979-2021 Source 2021 v.13 no.3 Remove constraint Source: 2021 v.13 no.3
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1. A Comparison of Porphyrin Photosensitizers in Photodynamic Inactivation of RNA and DNA Bacteriophages

Author:
Joe Heffron; Matthew Bork; Brooke K. Mayer; Troy Skwor
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
DNA; RNA; aqueous solutions; bacteriophages; blue light; disinfection; dissolved oxygen; hydrophobicity; metalloporphyrins; palladium; phosphates; reactive oxygen species; therapeutics; vertebrate viruses
Abstract:
... Effective broad-spectrum antiviral treatments are in dire need as disinfectants and therapeutic alternatives. One such method of disinfection is photodynamic inactivation, which involves the production of reactive oxygen species from dissolved oxygen in response to light-stimulated photosensitizers. This study evaluated the efficacy of functionalized porphyrin compounds for photodynamic inactivati ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030530

2. A Reduced Dose Whole Virion Aluminum Adjuvanted Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Is Immunogenic, Safe, and Well Tolerated in Pediatric Patients

Author:
Zoltan Vajo; Gergely Balaton; Peter Vajo; Peter Torzsa
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
adolescents; aluminum; aluminum phosphate; clinical trials; elderly; hemagglutination; hemagglutinins; immunogenicity; influenza vaccination; influenza vaccines; seroconversion; seroprevalence; virion; viruses; Hungary
Abstract:
... Background: Data suggest that pediatric patients might react differently to influenza vaccination, both in terms of immunity and side effects. We have recently shown that using a whole virion vaccine with aluminum phosphate adjuvants, reduced dose vaccines containing 6 µg of viral hemagglutinin (HA) per strain are immunogenic, and well tolerated in adult and elderly patients. Here we show the resu ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030500

3. Addressing Antiretroviral Drug Resistance with Host-Targeting Drugs—First Steps towards Developing a Host-Targeting HIV-1 Assembly Inhibitor

Author:
Jaisri R. Lingappa; Vishwanath R. Lingappa; Jonathan C. Reed
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Rabies lyssavirus; antiretroviral agents; capsid; chemotypes; drug resistance; rabies
Abstract:
... The concerning increase in HIV-1 resistance argues for prioritizing the development of host-targeting antiviral drugs because such drugs can offer high genetic barriers to the selection of drug-resistant viral variants. Targeting host proteins could also yield drugs that act on viral life cycle events that have proven elusive to inhibition, such as intracellular events of HIV-1 immature capsid ass ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030451

4. Analysis of Different Types of Interferon-Associated Retinopathy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Treated with Pegylated Interferon Plus Ribavirin

Author:
Chia-Min Wu; Fu-Hsiung Su; Chih-Hsin Muo; Jou-Chen Huang; Meei-Maan Wu; Chih-Ching Yeh
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Hepatitis C virus; chronic hepatitis C; cohort studies; confidence interval; databases; hazard ratio; health insurance; hemorrhage; interferons; retinal diseases; risk; therapeutics; Taiwan
Abstract:
... This retrospective cohort study aims to investigate interferon (IFN)-associated retinopathy incidence in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection treated with pegylated interferon (PegIFN) plus ribavirin (RBV). We selected 1688 patients undergoing PegIFN/RBV therapy for HCV (HCV-treated cohort), 3376 patients not receiving HCV treatment (HCV-untreated cohort) and 16,880 controls wit ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030475

5. Antibody Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Subjects with Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Author:
Federico Gobbi; Dora Buonfrate; Lucia Moro; Paola Rodari; Chiara Piubelli; Sara Caldrer; Silvia Riccetti; Alessandro Sinigaglia; Luisa Barzon
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; antibody formation; health services; immunologic memory; pain; vaccines
Abstract:
... Although antibody levels progressively decrease following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the immune memory persists for months. Thus, individuals who naturally contracted SARS-CoV-2 are expected to develop a more rapid and sustained response to COVID-19 vaccines than naïve individuals. In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of the antibody response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in six healthcare w ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030422

6. Blood Counts, Biochemical Parameters, Inflammatory, and Immune Responses in Pigs Infected Experimentally with the African Swine Fever Virus Isolate Pol18_28298_O111

Author:
Marek Walczak; Magdalena Wasiak; Katarzyna Dudek; Anna Kycko; Ewelina Szacawa; Małgorzata Olech; Grzegorz Woźniakowski; Anna Szczotka-Bochniarz
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
African swine fever virus; C-reactive protein; aspartate transaminase; blood; creatine kinase; creatinine; death; flow cytometry; genotype; inflammation; leukopenia; thrombocytopenia; urea; virulence; Poland
Abstract:
... This study aimed to indicate the influence of infection caused by genotype II African swine fever virus (ASFV)–isolate Pol18_28298_O111, currently circulating in Poland, on blood counts, biochemical parameters, as well as inflammatory and immune responses. Blood and sera collected from 21 domestic pigs infected intranasally with different doses of virulent ASFV were analysed. The infection led to ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030521

7. Caprine MAVS Is a RIG-I Interacting Type I Interferon Inducer Downregulated by Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection

Author:
Qiuhong Miao; Ruibing Qi; Chunchun Meng; Jie Zhu; Aoxing Tang; Dandan Dong; Hongyuan Guo; Monique M. van Oers; Gorben P. Pijlman; Guangqing Liu
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
amino acids; confocal microscopy; endometrium; epithelium; genes; goats; immune evasion; innate immunity; mitochondria; precipitin tests; proteasome inhibitors; sheep
Abstract:
... The mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS, also known as VISA, IPS-1, or CARDIF) plays an essential role in the type I interferon (IFN) response and in retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) mediated antiviral innate immunity in mammals. In this study, the caprine MAVS gene (caMAVS, 1566 bp) was identified and cloned. The caMAVS shares the highest amino acid similarity (98.1%) with the p ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030409

8. Circulation and Molecular Epidemiology of Enteroviruses in Paralyzed, Immunodeficient and Healthy Individuals in Tunisia, a Country with a Polio-Free Status for Decades

Author:
Anissa Chouikha; Dorra Rezig; Nadia Driss; Ichrak Abdelkhalek; Ahlem Ben Yahia; Henda Touzi; Zina Meddeb; Essia Ben Farhat; Mahrez Yahyaoui; Henda Triki
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Enterovirus C; World Health Organization; immunosuppression; molecular epidemiology; paralysis; serotypes; Tunisia
Abstract:
... This report is an overview of enterovirus (EV) detection in Tunisian polio-suspected paralytic cases (acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases), healthy contacts and patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) during an 11-year period. A total of 2735 clinical samples were analyzed for EV isolation and type identification, according to the recommended protocols of the World Health Organization. Thre ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030380

9. Conserved Structural Motifs of Two Distant IAV Subtypes in Genomic Segment 5 RNA

Author:
Paula Michalak; Julita Piasecka; Barbara Szutkowska; Ryszard Kierzek; Ewa Biala; Walter N. Moss; Elzbieta Kierzek
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Influenza A virus; RNA; bioinformatics; genome assembly; genomics; models; probability
Abstract:
... The functionality of RNA is fully dependent on its structure. For the influenza A virus (IAV), there are confirmed structural motifs mediating processes which are important for the viral replication cycle, including genome assembly and viral packaging. Although the RNA of strains originating from distant IAV subtypes might fold differently, some structural motifs are conserved, and thus, are funct ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030525

10. Construction and Immunological Evaluation of an Adenoviral Vector-Based Vaccine Candidate for Lassa Fever

Author:
Meirong Wang; Ruihua Li; Yaohui Li; Changming Yu; Xiangyang Chi; Shipo Wu; Shulin Liu; Junjie Xu; Wei Chen
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Adenoviridae; Lassa mammarenavirus; Lassa virus fever; Pseudovirus; bioluminescence; disease severity; fever; glycoproteins; immunogenicity; mice; therapeutics; vaccines
Abstract:
... Lassa virus (LASV) is a rodent-borne arenavirus circulating in West African regions that causes Lassa fever (LF). LF is normally asymptomatic at the initial infection stage, but can progress to severe disease with multiorgan collapse and hemorrhagic fever. To date, the therapeutic choices are limited, and there is no approved vaccine for avoiding LASV infection. Adenoviral vector-based vaccines re ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030484

11. Detection and Genome Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in a Domestic Cat with Respiratory Signs in Switzerland

Author:
Julia Klaus; Marina L. Meli; Barbara Willi; Sarah Nadeau; Christian Beisel; Tanja Stadler; ETH SARS-CoV-2 Sequencing Team; Herman Egberink; Shan Zhao; Hans Lutz; Barbara Riond; Nina Rösinger; Hanspeter Stalder; Sandra Renzullo; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; RNA; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; antibodies; cats; fur; humans; hygiene; nose; nucleotide sequences; respiratory tract diseases; single nucleotide polymorphism; viral genome; Switzerland
Abstract:
... Since the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in late 2019, domestic cats have been demonstrated to be susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) under natural and experimental conditions. As pet cats often live in very close contact with their owners, it is essential to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infections in cats in a One-Health context. This study reports t ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030496

12. Detection of Genotype-Specific Antibody Responses to Glycoproteins B and H in Primary and Non-Primary Human Cytomegalovirus Infections by Peptide-Based ELISA

Author:
Federica Zavaglio; Loretta Fiorina; Nicolás M. Suárez; Chiara Fornara; Marica De Cicco; Daniela Cirasola; Andrew J. Davison; Giuseppe Gerna; Daniele Lilleri
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Human betaherpesvirus 5; antibodies; diagnostic techniques; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; glycoproteins; peptides; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; viral genome
Abstract:
... Background: Strain-specific antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoproteins B and H (gB and gH) have been proposed as a potential diagnostic tool for identifying reinfection. We investigated genotype-specific IgG antibody responses in parallel with defining the gB and gH genotypes of the infecting viral strains. Methods: Subjects with primary (n = 20) or non-primary (n = 25) HCMV infectio ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030399

13. Dogs as Sentinels for Flavivirus Exposure in Urban, Peri-Urban and Rural Hanoi, Vietnam

Author:
Long Pham-Thanh; Thang Nguyen-Tien; Ulf Magnusson; Vuong Bui-Nghia; Anh Bui-Ngoc; Duy Le-Thanh; Åke Lundkvist; Minh Can-Xuan; Thuy Nguyen-Thi Thu; Hau Vu-Thi Bich; Hu Suk Lee; Hung Nguyen-Viet; Johanna Lindahl
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
West Nile virus; blood serum; cross reaction; cross-sectional studies; dengue; dogs; encephalitis; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; larvicides; mosquito control; mosquito-borne diseases; risk reduction; seroprevalence; Vietnam
Abstract:
... Diseases caused by flaviviruses, including dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis, are major health problems in Vietnam. This cross-sectional study explored the feasibility of domestic dogs as sentinels to better understand risks of mosquito-borne diseases in Hanoi city. A total of 475 dogs serum samples from 221 households in six districts of Hanoi were analyzed by a competitive enzyme-linked imm ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030507

14. Early-Transmitted Variants and Their Evolution in a HIV-1 Positive Couple: NGS and Phylogenetic Analyses

Author:
Alessia Lai; Vania Giacomet; Annalisa Bergna; Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti; Gianguglielmo Zehender; Mario Clerici; Daria Trabattoni; Claudio Fenizia
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Bayesian theory; antiretroviral agents; blood; phylogeny; sexual behavior; therapeutics; trees; vaccine development
Abstract:
... We had access to both components of a couple who became infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 through sexual behavior during the early initial phase of infection and before initiation of therapy. We analyzed blood samples obtained at the time of diagnosis and after six months of combined antiretroviral therapy. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and phylogenetic analyses were used to in ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030513

15. Endogenization of a Prosimian Retrovirus during Lemur Evolution

Author:
Kathleen Apakupakul; Sharon L. Deem; Rabia Maqsood; Peeti Sithiyopasakul; David Wang; Efrem S. Lim
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Betaretrovirus; Lemur; animal and human health; fossils; genes; germ cells; phylogeny; terminal repeat sequences; vertebrates
Abstract:
... Studies of viruses that coevolved with lemurs provide an opportunity to understand the basal traits of primate viruses and provide an evolutionary context for host-virus interactions. Germline integration of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are fossil evidence of past infections. Hence, characterization of novel ERVs provides insight into the ancient precursors of extant viruses and the evolutionary ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030383

16. Endogenously Produced SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG Antibodies May Have a Limited Impact on Clearing Nasal Shedding of Virus during Primary Infection in Humans

Author:
Shuyi Yang; Keith R. Jerome; Alexander L. Greninger; Joshua T. Schiffer; Ashish Goyal
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; disease severity; immunity; neutralization; people; vaccination; viruses
Abstract:
... While SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies have been developed for therapeutic purposes, the specific viral triggers that drive the generation of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgM antibodies remain only partially characterized. Moreover, it is unknown whether endogenously derived antibodies drive viral clearance that might result in mitigation of clinical severity during natural infection. We ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030516

17. Foamy Viruses, Bet, and APOBEC3 Restriction

Author:
Ananda Ayyappan Jaguva Vasudevan; Daniel Becker; Tom Luedde; Holger Gohlke; Carsten Münk
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
bushmeat; regulatory proteins; zoonoses
Abstract:
... Non-human primates (NHP) are an important source of viruses that can spillover to humans and, after adaptation, spread through the host population. Whereas HIV-1 and HTLV-1 emerged as retroviral pathogens in humans, a unique class of retroviruses called foamy viruses (FV) with zoonotic potential are occasionally detected in bushmeat hunters or zookeepers. Various FVs are endemic in numerous mammal ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030504

18. From Capsids to Complexes: Expanding the Role of TRIM5α in the Restriction of Divergent RNA Viruses and Elements

Author:
Kevin M. Rose; Stephanie J. Spada; Rebecca Broeckel; Kristin L. McNally; Vanessa M. Hirsch; Sonja M. Best; Fadila Bouamr
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Flaviviridae; RNA; capsid; human population; humans; people; viruses
Abstract:
... An evolutionary arms race has been ongoing between retroviruses and their primate hosts for millions of years. Within the last century, a zoonotic transmission introduced the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1), a retrovirus, to the human population that has claimed the lives of millions of individuals and is still infecting over a million people every year. To counteract retroviruses such as thi ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030446

19. Genetic Association of Hepatitis C-Related Mixed Cryoglobulinemia: A 10-Year Prospective Study of Asians Treated with Antivirals

Author:
Ming-Ling Chang; Su-Wei Chang; Shiang-Chi Chen; Rong-Nan Chien; Chia-Lin Hsu; Ming-Yu Chang; Cathy S. J. Fann
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Hepatitis C virus; RNA; alleles; antiviral agents; females; hepatitis; immune response; males; prospective studies; therapeutics
Abstract:
... Genetic profiles of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) in Asians remain elusive. A 10-year prospective cohort study was conducted with 1043 consecutive HCV Ab-positive Taiwanese surveyed with 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Of 1043, 589 (56.5%) had baseline MC, 934 (89.5%) had positive HCV RNA, 796 completed anti-HCV therapy, and 715 had sustained virological ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030464

20. Genetic Characteristics of Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Wild Birds in South Korea, 2019–2020

Author:
Eun-Jee Na; Young-Sik Kim; Sook-Young Lee; Yoon-Ji Kim; Jun-Soo Park; Jae-Ku Oem
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Anseriformes; Influenza A virus; amino acids; avian influenza; genes; histopathology; lungs; monitoring; pathogenicity; phylogeny; poultry; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); wild birds; South Korea
Abstract:
... Wild aquatic birds, a natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), transmit AIVs to poultry farms, causing huge economic losses. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of AIVs isolated from wild birds in South Korea from October 2019 to March 2020 were investigated and analyzed. Fresh avian fecal samples (3256) were collected by active monitoring of 11 wild bird habitats. Tw ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030381