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1. Using Isotopic and Hydrochemical Indicators to Identify Sources of Sulfate in Karst Groundwater of the Niangziguan Spring Field, China

Author:
Tang, Chunlei; Jin, Hua; Liang, Yongping
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
acid mine drainage; carbonates; coal; drainage; groundwater; gypsum; hydrochemistry; karsts; oxidation; rivers; sewage; spring; sulfates; water supply; China
Abstract:
... Karst groundwater in the Niangziguan spring fields is the main source to supply domestic and industrial water demands in Yangquan City, China. However, the safety of water supply in this region has recently suffered from deteriorating quality levels. Therefore, identifying pollution sources and causes is crucial for maintaining a reliable water supply. In this study, a systematic sample collection ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030390

2. Did the Construction of the Bhumibol Dam Cause a Dramatic Reduction in Sediment Supply to the Chao Phraya River?

Author:
Namsai, Matharit; Charoenlerkthawin, Warit; Sirapojanakul, Supakorn; Burnett, William C.; Bidorn, Butsawan
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
basins; bedload; flood control; hydroelectric power; irrigation water; mountains; power generation; river deltas; rivers; saltwater intrusion; sediments; shorelines; watersheds; Thailand
Abstract:
... The Bhumibol Dam on Ping River, Thailand, was constructed in 1964 to provide water for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, flood mitigation, fisheries, and saltwater intrusion control to the Great Chao Phraya River basin. Many studies, carried out near the basin outlet, have suggested that the dam impounds significant sediment, resulting in shoreline retreat of the Chao Phraya Delta. In th ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030386

3. Influence of the Drag Force on the Average Absorbed Power of Heaving Wave Energy Converters Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

Author:
Quartier, Nicolas; Ropero-Giralda, Pablo; M. Domínguez, José; Stratigaki, Vasiliki; Troch, Peter
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
computer software; drag coefficient; energy conversion; equations; hydrodynamics; water; water power
Abstract:
... In this paper, we investigated how the added mass, the hydrodynamic damping and the drag coefficient of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) can be calculated using DualSPHysics. DualSPHysics is a software application that applies the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, a Lagrangian meshless method used in a growing range of applications within the field of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). F ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030384

4. Neural Network Approach to Retrieving Ocean Subsurface Temperatures from Surface Parameters Observed by Satellites

Author:
Cheng, Hao; Sun, Liang; Li, Jiagen
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
advection; data collection; models; salinity; satellites; surface water temperature; water; wind; Pacific Ocean
Abstract:
... The extraction of physical information about the subsurface ocean from surface information obtained from satellite measurements is both important and challenging. We introduce a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) method to determine the subsurface temperature of the North Pacific Ocean by selecting the optimum input combination of sea surface parameters obtained from satellite measurements. In ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030388

5. Physicochemical Interactions in Systems C.I. Direct Yellow 50—Weakly Basic Resins: Kinetic, Equilibrium, and Auxiliaries Addition Aspects

Author:
Wawrzkiewicz, Monika; Polska-Adach, Ewelina
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
adsorption; aquatic environment; dyes; fabrics; models; paper; pollution; polystyrenes; sorbents; sorption isotherms; toxicity; wastewater treatment; water
Abstract:
... Intensive development of many industries, including textile, paper or plastic, which consume large amounts of water and generate huge amounts of wastewater-containing toxic dyes, contribute to pollution of the aquatic environment. Among many known methods of wastewater treatment, adsorption techniques are considered the most effective. In the present study, the weakly basic anion exchangers such a ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030385

6. Plasticity in Reproductive Traits, Condition and Energy Allocation of the Non-Native Pyrenean Gudgeon Gobio lozanoi in a Highly Regulated Mediterranean River Basin

Author:
Amat-Trigo, Fátima; Torralva, Mar; González-Silvera, Daniel; Martínez-López, Francisco Javier; Oliva-Paterna, Francisco José
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
; Gobio; autumn; base flow; capital; colonizing ability; energy; fecundity; fish; income; life history; lipids; liver; muscles; oocytes; rivers; seasonal variation; sex ratio; spring; water; watersheds; Iberian Peninsula
Abstract:
... The invasion success of non-native fish, such as Pyrenean gudgeon Gobio lozanoi in several Iberian rivers, is often explained by the expression of its life history traits. This study provides the first insights into the reproductive traits, fish condition, and energy allocation (protein and lipid contents of tissues) of this species, along a longitudinal gradient in one of the most regulated river ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030387

7. Structural Changes in French VF Treatment Wetland Porous Media during the Rest Period: An Ex Situ Study Using X-ray Tomography

Author:
Martinez-Carvajal, German Dario; Oxarango, Laurent; Adrien, Jérôme; Molle, Pascal; Forquet, Nicolas
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
X-radiation; biosolids; computed tomography; gravel; surface area; water; wetlands
Abstract:
... Clogging constitutes a major operational issue for treatment wetlands. The rest period is a key feature of French Vertical Flow (VF) treatment wetlands and serves to mitigate clogging. An ex-situ drying experiment was performed to mimic the rest period and record structural changes in the porous media using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). Samples containing the deposit and gravel layers of a first ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030389

8. Classification and Prediction of Natural Streamflow Regimes in Arid Regions of the USA

Author:
Merritt, Angela M.; Lane, Belize; Hawkins, Charles P.
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
ecosystems; prediction; stream flow; streams; water; Arizona
Abstract:
... Understanding how natural variation in flow regimes influences stream ecosystem structure and function is critical to the development of effective stream management policies. Spatial variation in flow regimes among streams is reasonably well understood for streams in mesic regions, but a more robust characterization of flow regimes in arid regions is needed, especially to support biological monito ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030380

9. Evaluation of Rainfall Erosivity Factor Estimation Using Machine and Deep Learning Models

Author:
Lee, Jimin; Lee, Seoro; Hong, Jiyeong; Lee, Dongjun; Bae, Joo Hyun; Yang, Jae E.; Kim, Jonggun; Lim, Kyoung Jae
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Universal Soil Loss Equation; decision support systems; meteorological data; model validation; neural networks; prediction; rain; rain intensity; risk; runoff; soil; soil conservation; soil erosion; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Rainfall erosivity factor (R-factor) is one of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) input parameters that account for impacts of rainfall intensity in estimating soil loss. Although many studies have calculated the R-factor using various empirical methods or the USLE method, these methods are time-consuming and require specialized knowledge for the user. The purpose of this study is to develop ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030382

10. Flood Suspended Sediment Transport: Combined Modelling from Dilute to Hyper-Concentrated Flow

Author:
Pu, Jaan H.; Wallwork, Joseph T.; Khan, Md. Amir; Pandey, Manish; Pourshahbaz, Hanif; Satyanaga, Alfrendo; Hanmaiahgari, Prashanth R.; Gough, Tim
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
bedload; models; sediment transport; sediments; suspended sediment; water
Abstract:
... During flooding, the suspended sediment transport usually experiences a wide-range of dilute to hyper-concentrated suspended sediment transport depending on the local flow and ground conditions. This paper assesses the distribution of sediment for a variety of hyper-concentrated and dilute flows. Due to the differences between hyper-concentrated and dilute flows, a linear-power coupled model is pr ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030379

11. Hydrological and Hydro-Meteorological Extremes and Related Risk and Uncertainty

Author:
Loukas, Athanasios; Garrote, Luis; Vasiliades, Lampros
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
hydrometeorology; risk; uncertainty; water
Abstract:
... Natural hazards have caused significant damages to natural and manmade environments during the last few decades [...] ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030377

12. Optimization of the Groundwater Remediation Process Using a Coupled Genetic Algorithm-Finite Difference Method

Author:
Seyedpour, S. M.; Valizadeh, I.; Kirmizakis, P.; Doherty, R.; Ricken, T.
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
algorithms; groundwater; groundwater contamination; groundwater flow; hydraulic conductivity; models; oxidants; oxidation; remediation
Abstract:
... In situ chemical oxidation using permanganate as an oxidant is a remediation technique often used to treat contaminated groundwater. In this paper, groundwater flow with a full hydraulic conductivity tensor and remediation process through in situ chemical oxidation are simulated. The numerical approach was verified with a physical sandbox experiment and analytical solution for 2D advection-diffusi ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030383

13. Wet Meadow Plant Communities of the Alliance Trifolion pallidi on the Southeastern Margin of the Pannonian Plain

Author:
Čarni, Andraž; Ćuk, Mirjana; Zelnik, Igor; Franjić, Jozo; Igić, Ružica; Ilić, Miloš; Krstonošić, Daniel; Vukov, Dragana; Škvorc, Željko
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Mediterranean climate; databases; geographical distribution; habitats; meadows; water
Abstract:
... The article deals with wet meadow plant communities of the alliance Trifolion pallidi that appear on the periodically inundated or waterlogged sites on the riverside terraces or gentle slopes along watercourses. These plant communities are often endangered by inappropriate hydrological interventions or management practices. All available vegetation plots representing this vegetation type were coll ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030381

14. A Highly Packed Biofilm Reactor with Cycle Cleaning for the Efficient Treatment of Rural Wastewater

Author:
Luan, Yanan; Qiu, Chen; Li, Yaoxian; Kang, Weichang; Zhang, Jianhua; Liao, Zuliang; Bi, Xuejun
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
ammonia; biofilm; biological treatment; bioreactors; chemical oxygen demand; dominant species; nitrogen; wastewater; wastewater treatment; water
Abstract:
... Biological treatment processes perform satisfactory in wastewater treatment, but the relatively high cost and complicated maintenance limit its application in rural areas. In this study, a highly packed biofilm reactor (HPBR), with a 90% packing ratio of carriers in the bioreactor, was designed for rural wastewater treatment. The results showed that the removal rates for chemical oxygen demand (CO ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030369

15. Analysis of the Arbovirosis Potential Occurrence in Dobrogea, Romania

Author:
Maftei, Carmen; Bărbulescu, Alina; Rugina, Sorin; Nastac, Cristian Dorin; Dumitru, Irina Magdalena
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Aedes albopictus; climate change; dengue; geographic information systems; geographical distribution; human health; models; water; Romania
Abstract:
... Climate change creates new challenges for preventing and protecting human health against different diseases that could appear and propagate. The Aedes albopictus mosquito species is an important vector for different diseases like dengue fever or zika. Although this species is not “indigenous” in Europe, its presence is noticed in many countries on the continent. The Ae. albopictus establishment is ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030374

16. Damage Characteristics and Mechanism of the 2017 Groundwater Inrush Accident That Occurred at Dongyu Coalmine in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

Author:
Luo, Bin; Sun, Yajun; Xu, Zhimin; Chen, Ge; Zhang, Li; Lu, Weining; Zhao, Xianming; Yuan, Huiqing
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
accidents; coal; financial economics; groundwater; lithology; mudstone; people; roads; seepage; China
Abstract:
... On 22 May 2017, a groundwater inrush accident occurred in the gob area of coal floor at Dongyu Coal Mine in Qingxu County, Shanxi Province, China. The water inrush accident caused great damage, among which six people died and the direct economic loss was about CNY 5.05 million. An elliptical permeable passage appeared at the floor of the water inrush point, and the lithology of the outburst is mai ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030368

17. Evaluating the Potential of a Water-Energy-Food Nexus Approach toward the Sustainable Development of Bangladesh

Author:
Nahidul Karim, Mohammad; Daher, Bassel
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
carbon; coal; energy; freshwater; issues and policy; quantitative analysis; sustainable development; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... In pursuit of continuous economic development, Bangladesh has undertaken long-term plans to boost its productivity in the agriculture, energy, and industrial sectors and to align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Unless these strong interconnections and cross sectoral impacts are recognized, achievement of the future policy goals and national priorities of the concerned ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030366

18. Evolution of Salinity and Water Table Level of the Phreatic Coastal Aquifer of the Emilia Romagna Region (Italy)

Author:
Giambastiani, Beatrice Maria Sole; Kidanemariam, Assaye; Dagnew, Addisu; Antonellini, Marco
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
aquifers; coasts; drainage; electrical conductivity; groundwater; humans; hydrodynamics; irrigation; permeability; rain; rivers; saline water; salinity; saltwater intrusion; sand; sea level; statistical analysis; subsidence; summer; surface water; urbanization; water quality; water salinization; water table; Italy; Mediterranean region
Abstract:
... The coastal aquifers of the Mediterranean region are highly susceptible to seawater intrusion due to a combination of challenges such as land subsidence, high aquifer permeability, urbanization, drainage, and an unsustainable use of water during the dry summer months. The present study is focused on a statistical analysis of groundwater data to evaluate the spatial changes of water level and elect ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030372

19. Jacobian Free Methods for Coupling Transport with Chemistry in Heterogenous Porous Media

Author:
Amir, Laila; Kern, Michel
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
carbon sequestration; chemical species; radioactive waste; water
Abstract:
... Reactive transport plays an important role in various subsurface applications, including carbon dioxide sequestration, nuclear waste storage, biogeochemistry and the simulation of hydro–thermal reservoirs. The model couples a set of partial differential equations, describing the transport of chemical species, to nonlinear algebraic or differential equations, describing the chemical reactions. Solu ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030370

20. Management of the Phosphorus–Cladophora Dynamic at a Site on Lake Ontario Using a Multi-Module Bioavailable P Model

Author:
Auer, Martin T.; McDonald, Cory P.; Kuczynski, Anika; Huang, Chenfu; Xue, Pengfei
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
; Cladophora; algae; bioavailability; flocculation; hydrodynamics; models; phosphorus; streams; wastewater treatment; water; Lake Ontario
Abstract:
... The filamentous green alga Cladophora grows to nuisance proportions in Lake Ontario. Stimulated by high phosphorus concentrations, nuisance growth results in the degradation of beaches and clogging of industrial water intakes with attendant loss of beneficial uses. We develop a multi-module bioavailable phosphorus model to examine the efficacy of phosphorus management strategies in mitigating nuis ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13030375