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- Author:
- Li, Lin; Zhu, David Z.; Huang, Biao
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- air; deformation; dynamic models; fluid mechanics; pipes; sewer systems; water supply
- Abstract:
- ... Rapid filling/emptying of pipes is commonly encountered in water supply and sewer systems, during which pressure transients may cause unexpected large pressure and/or geyser events. In the present study, a linearized analytical model is first developed to obtain the approximate solutions of the maximum pressure and the characteristics of pressure oscillations caused by the pressurization of trappe ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111698
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111698
- Author:
- Li, Yanyan; Qu, Xiaodong; Zhang, Min; Peng, Wenqi; Yu, Yang; Gao, Bo
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- anthropogenic activities; cobalt; environmental assessment; freshwater lakes; pollution; risk; risk assessment; sediments; soil; thallium; China
- Abstract:
- ... As the largest freshwater lake in China, water environmental pollution in Poyang Lake is increasingly attracting attention. However, to date, the occurrence of seldom-monitored trace elements (SMTEs) (such as thallium (Tl) and cobalt (Co)) and their potential ecological influences in the Poyang Lake area remain unclear. Here, geochemical baseline concentrations (GBCs) were employed to investigate ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111703
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111703
- Author:
- Li, Heying; Zhou, Demin; Hu, Shanshan; Zhang, Jianchen; Jiang, Yuemei; Zhang, Yue
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- geographic information systems; models; mountains; remote sensing; river flow; rivers; sediments; shipping; watersheds; China
- Abstract:
- ... A large variety of barriers can affect longitudinal connectivity, which leads to shipping blocking and even flood hazard. However, few existing methods can quantify physically the river channel connectivity from the barrier’s details perspective in a watershed. This paper establishes a new model of the River Channel Connectivity Index (RCCI) to quantify the unobstructed degree of river flow ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111701
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111701
- Author:
- Gomes, Sharlene L.; Hermans, Leon M.; Islam, Kazi Faisal; Huda, Sheikh Nazmul; Hossain, ATM Zakir; Thissen, Wil A. H.
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- drinking water; game theory; groundwater; models; monitoring; problem solving; urbanization; water management; water pollution; water quality; water supply; Bangladesh
- Abstract:
- ... Peri-urban areas in the global south are experiencing over-exploitation and contamination of water resources as a result of rapid urbanisation. These problems relate to the ineffectiveness of the underlying institutions in this dynamic, multi-actor context. Institutions need to be considered during problem solving; however, peri-urban communities have limited insight into their institutional conte ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111704
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111704
- Author:
- Xuan, Weidong; Fu, Qiang; Qin, Guanghua; Zhu, Cong; Pan, Suli; Xu, Yue-Ping
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- Soil and Water Assessment Tool model; batch systems; case studies; climate change; cold; dry season; groundwater; meteorological data; mountains; parameter uncertainty; rain; rivers; runoff; rural areas; snow; snowmelt; spring; summer; urban population; watersheds; China
- Abstract:
- ... Assessment of water resources from mountainous catchments is crucial for the development of upstream rural areas and downstream urban communities. However, lack of data in these mountainous catchments prevents full understanding of the response of hydrology or water resources to climate change. Meanwhile, hydrological modeling is challenging due to parameter uncertainty. In this work, one tributar ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111705
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111705
- Author:
- Jenssen Sola, Kristin; Bjerkholt, Jarle Tommy; Lindholm, Oddvar Georg; Ratnaweera, Harsha
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- combined sewer systems; rain; wastewater; water utilities; Denmark; Finland; Norway; Sweden
- Abstract:
- ... Infiltration and inflow of non-sewer water to the wastewater network (I/I-water) may have a number of both financial and environmental consequences. In Norway, there are two commonly used methods for calculating the volume of I/I-water, The Dilution method (DM) and the Water Balance Method (WBM). When comparing the methods, the WBM gives a lower value of I/I-water than the DM. Analysis shows that ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111696
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111696
- Author:
- Kollet, Stefan; Gasper, Fabian; Brdar, Slavko; Goergen, Klaus; Hendricks-Franssen, Harrie-Jan; Keune, Jessica; Kurtz, Wolfgang; Küll, Volker; Pappenberger, Florian; Poll, Stefan; Trömel, Silke; Shrestha, Prabhakar; Simmer, Clemens; Sulis, Mauro
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- air temperature; energy; global change; groundwater; groundwater recharge; hydrologic factors; models; monitoring; plant available water; river flow; water table; weather; Germany
- Abstract:
- ... Operational weather and flood forecasting has been performed successfully for decades and is of great socioeconomic importance. Up to now, forecast products focus on atmospheric variables, such as precipitation, air temperature and, in hydrology, on river discharge. Considering the full terrestrial system from groundwater across the land surface into the atmosphere, a number of important hydrologi ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111697
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111697
- Author:
- Garcia, Juan T.; Castillo, Luis G.; Haro, Patricia L.; Carrillo, Jose M.
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- gravel; labor; sediment transport
- Abstract:
- ... Obstruction of the racks in bottom intakes due to sediment wedged in the slit of the bars can significantly reduce diverted flow. Notwithstanding the design recommendations that are found in the literature, the problem of rack occlusion continues to occur in built structures. This work focuses on the clogging effects in the circular bars of a bottom rack system using gravels whose median diameter, ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111699
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111699
- Author:
- Gu, Lei; Chen, Jie; Xu, Chong-Yu; Wang, Hui-Min; Zhang, LiPing
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- anthropogenic activities; climate; climate change; drought; model uncertainty; models; China
- Abstract:
- ... The climate change impacts on droughts have received widespread attention in many recent studies. However, previous studies mainly attribute the changes in future droughts to human-induced climate change, while the impacts of internal climate variability (ICV) have not been addressed adequately. In order to specifically consider the ICV in drought impacts, this study investigates the changes in me ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111702
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111702
- Author:
- Boschetti, Tiziano; Awaleh, Mohamed Osman; Barbieri, Maurizio
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- aquifers; arid zones; coasts; drinking water; electricity; fossils; freshwater; groundwater; hot springs; saline water; saltwater intrusion; stable isotopes; strontium; weathering; Djibouti; Red Sea
- Abstract:
- ... Drinking water is scarce in Djibouti because of the hot desert climate. Moreover, seawater intrusion or fossil saltwater contamination of the limited number of freshwater aquifers due to groundwater overexploitation affect those who live close to the coastline (~80% of the population). Despite this, the geothermal potential of the country’s plentiful hot springs could resolve the increasing ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111700
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111700
- Author:
- Tsolcha, Olga N.; Tekerlekopoulou, Athanasia G.; Akratos, Christos S.; Aggelis, George; Genitsaris, Savvas; Moustaka-Gouni, Maria; Vayenas, Dimitrios V.
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- Leptolyngbya; biodiesel; biomass production; bioremediation; feedstocks; fuel production; lipid content; microbial biomass; microbial culture; monounsaturated fatty acids; nutrients; oils; operating costs; oxygen; photobioreactors; pollutants; wastewater; wastewater treatment
- Abstract:
- ... The use of cyanobacteria in biological wastewater treatment technologies can greatly reduce operation costs by combining wastewater bioremediation and production of lipid suitable as biodiesel feedstock. In this work, an attached growth system was employed to achieve the above-mentioned dual objective using a mixed microbial culture dominated by Leptolyngbya and Limnothrix species in diverse heter ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111693
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111693
- Author:
- Zhou, Baojia; Liang, Chuan; Zhao, Peng; Dai, Qiong
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- atmospheric precipitation; data collection; dry season; global warming; least squares; temperature; wet season; China; Yangtze River
- Abstract:
- ... The source region of the Yangtze River (SRYR) on the central Tibetan Plateau has seen one of the most significant increases in temperature in the world. Climate warming has altered the temporal and spatial characteristics of precipitation in the SRYR. In this study, we analyzed the temporal trends and spatial distributions of extreme precipitation in the SRYR during 1960–2016 using 11 extrem ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111691
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111691
- Author:
- Liu, Zhigang; Xu, Qinchao
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- computer software; developmental stages; drainage; evapotranspiration; irrigation management; irrigation water; lettuce; models; rhizosphere; soilless culture; spring; summer; water conservation; water content; water use efficiency
- Abstract:
- ... To achieve precise measurement of moisture content in the substrate and intelligent water-saving irrigation, a simple and low cost automatic irrigation control system based on ZigBee wireless network has been developed. A software with irrigation strategy was proposed based on the models of substrate wetting pattern, lettuce root zone and the evapotranspiration. The system could detect substrate m ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111692
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111692
- Author:
- Ma, Yong; Hu, Chao; Li, Yulong; Li, Lei; Deng, Rui; Jiang, Dapeng
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- computer software; hydrodynamics; power plants; rotors; tides; turbines; water power
- Abstract:
- ... The goal of this manuscript is to investigate the influence of relative distance between the twin rotors on the hydrodynamic performance of the vertical axis twin-rotor tidal current turbine. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations based on commercial software ANSYS-CFX have been performed to enhance the understanding of interactions between the twin-rotors. The interactions between the twi ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111694
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111694
- Author:
- Mabrouk, Marmar; Jonoski, Andreja; H. P. Oude Essink, Gualbert; Uhlenbrook, Stefan
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; aquifers; freshwater; groundwater; groundwater extraction; groundwater flow; models; population growth; prognosis; river deltas; saline water; saltwater intrusion; sea level; water quality; water salinization; Egypt
- Abstract:
- ... As Egypt’s population increases, the demand for fresh groundwater extraction will intensify. Consequently, the groundwater quality will deteriorate, including an increase in salinization. On the other hand, salinization caused by saltwater intrusion in the coastal Nile Delta Aquifer (NDA) is also threatening the groundwater resources. The aim of this article is to assess the situation in 201 ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111690
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111690
- Author:
- Chong, Suna; Park, Chunhong; Lee, Ka Ram; An, Kwang-Guk
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- Mugil cephalus; dissolved oxygen; estuaries; fish; freshwater; habitats; hydrodynamics; hydrologic models; salinity; seawater; summer; tides
- Abstract:
- ... This study analyzes the dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion or hypoxia formation affecting the ecological vulnerability of Gyeongin-Ara Waterway (GAW), an artificial estuarine waterway. The physical, chemical, and biochemical factors affecting the summer hypoxia dynamics and distribution are simulated and the habitat volumes of major fish species are calculated. CE-QUAL-W2, a two-dimensional hydrodyna ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111695
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111695
- Author:
- Hénin, Riccardo; Liberato, Margarida L. R.; Ramos, Alexandre M.; Gouveia, Célia M.
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- data collection; latitude; rain; satellites; weather forecasting; winter; Iberian Peninsula
- Abstract:
- ... An assessment of daily accumulated precipitation during extreme precipitation events (EPEs) occurring over the period 2000–2008 in the Iberian Peninsula (IP) is presented. Different sources for precipitation data, namely ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111688
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111688
- Author:
- Panda, Sudhanshu; Amatya, Devendra M.; Jackson, Rhett; Sun, Ge; Noormets, Asko
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- Landsat; Pinus; automation; computer software; coniferous forests; eddy covariance; evapotranspiration; geographic information systems; neural networks; remote sensing
- Abstract:
- ... The study goal was to develop automated user-friendly remote-sensing based evapotranspiration (ET) estimation tools: (i) artificial neural network (ANN) based models, (ii) ArcGIS-based automated geospatial model, and (iii) executable software to predict pine forest daily ET flux on a pixel- or plot average-scale. Study site has had long-term eddy-flux towers for ET measurements since 2006. Cloud-f ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111687
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111687
- Author:
- Chang, Juan; Tian, Jiaxi; Zhang, Zengxin; Chen, Xi; Chen, Yizhao; Chen, Sheng; Duan, Zheng
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- air temperature; climate change; ecological restoration; ecosystems; grasslands; normalized difference vegetation index; rain; semiarid zones; sustainable development; temporal variation; China
- Abstract:
- ... The grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions rely heavily on the use of rain, thus, improving rain use efficiency (RUE) is essential for securing sustainable development of grassland ecosystems in these areas with limited rainfall. In this study, the spatial and temporal variabilities of RUE for grassland ecosystems over Northwestern China during 1982–2013 were analyzed using the normalized ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111689
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111689
- Author:
- Pat-Espadas, Aurora M.; Loredo Portales, Rene; Amabilis-Sosa, Leonel E.; Gómez, Gloria; Vidal, Gladys
- Source:
- Water 2018 v.10 no.11
- ISSN:
- 2073-4441
- Subject:
- acid mine drainage; acidity; adsorption; biofilm; constructed wetlands; experimental design; gravel; heavy metals; microorganisms; mining; operating costs; plants (botany); remediation; surface water; symbiosis; synergism; toxicity
- Abstract:
- ... The mining industry is the major producer of acid mine drainage (AMD). The problem of AMD concerns at active and abandoned mine sites. Acid mine drainage needs to be treated since it can contaminate surface water. Constructed wetlands (CW), a passive treatment technology, combines naturally-occurring biogeochemical, geochemical, and physical processes. This technology can be used for the long-term ...
- DOI:
- 10.3390/w10111685
-
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111685