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1. Analysis of Pressure Transient Following Rapid Filling of a Vented Horizontal Pipe

Author:
Li, Lin; Zhu, David Z.; Huang, Biao
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
air; deformation; dynamic models; fluid mechanics; pipes; sewer systems; water supply
Abstract:
... Rapid filling/emptying of pipes is commonly encountered in water supply and sewer systems, during which pressure transients may cause unexpected large pressure and/or geyser events. In the present study, a linearized analytical model is first developed to obtain the approximate solutions of the maximum pressure and the characteristics of pressure oscillations caused by the pressurization of trappe ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111698

2. Anthropogenic Impact and Ecological Risk Assessment of Thallium and Cobalt in Poyang Lake Using the Geochemical Baseline

Author:
Li, Yanyan; Qu, Xiaodong; Zhang, Min; Peng, Wenqi; Yu, Yang; Gao, Bo
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; cobalt; environmental assessment; freshwater lakes; pollution; risk; risk assessment; sediments; soil; thallium; China
Abstract:
... As the largest freshwater lake in China, water environmental pollution in Poyang Lake is increasingly attracting attention. However, to date, the occurrence of seldom-monitored trace elements (SMTEs) (such as thallium (Tl) and cobalt (Co)) and their potential ecological influences in the Poyang Lake area remain unclear. Here, geochemical baseline concentrations (GBCs) were employed to investigate ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111703

3. Barrier-based Longitudinal Connectivity Index for Managing Urban Rivers

Author:
Li, Heying; Zhou, Demin; Hu, Shanshan; Zhang, Jianchen; Jiang, Yuemei; Zhang, Yue
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
geographic information systems; models; mountains; remote sensing; river flow; rivers; sediments; shipping; watersheds; China
Abstract:
... A large variety of barriers can affect longitudinal connectivity, which leads to shipping blocking and even flood hazard. However, few existing methods can quantify physically the river channel connectivity from the barrier’s details perspective in a watershed. This paper establishes a new model of the River Channel Connectivity Index (RCCI) to quantify the unobstructed degree of river flow ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111701

4. Capacity Building for Water Management in Peri-Urban Communities, Bangladesh: A Simulation-Gaming Approach

Author:
Gomes, Sharlene L.; Hermans, Leon M.; Islam, Kazi Faisal; Huda, Sheikh Nazmul; Hossain, ATM Zakir; Thissen, Wil A. H.
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
drinking water; game theory; groundwater; models; monitoring; problem solving; urbanization; water management; water pollution; water quality; water supply; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... Peri-urban areas in the global south are experiencing over-exploitation and contamination of water resources as a result of rapid urbanisation. These problems relate to the ineffectiveness of the underlying institutions in this dynamic, multi-actor context. Institutions need to be considered during problem solving; however, peri-urban communities have limited insight into their institutional conte ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111704

5. Hydrological Simulation and Runoff Component Analysis over a Cold Mountainous River Basin in Southwest China

Author:
Xuan, Weidong; Fu, Qiang; Qin, Guanghua; Zhu, Cong; Pan, Suli; Xu, Yue-Ping
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Soil and Water Assessment Tool model; batch systems; case studies; climate change; cold; dry season; groundwater; meteorological data; mountains; parameter uncertainty; rain; rivers; runoff; rural areas; snow; snowmelt; spring; summer; urban population; watersheds; China
Abstract:
... Assessment of water resources from mountainous catchments is crucial for the development of upstream rural areas and downstream urban communities. However, lack of data in these mountainous catchments prevents full understanding of the response of hydrology or water resources to climate change. Meanwhile, hydrological modeling is challenging due to parameter uncertainty. In this work, one tributar ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111705

6. Infiltration and Inflow (I/I) to Wastewater Systems in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland

Author:
Jenssen Sola, Kristin; Bjerkholt, Jarle Tommy; Lindholm, Oddvar Georg; Ratnaweera, Harsha
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
combined sewer systems; rain; wastewater; water utilities; Denmark; Finland; Norway; Sweden
Abstract:
... Infiltration and inflow of non-sewer water to the wastewater network (I/I-water) may have a number of both financial and environmental consequences. In Norway, there are two commonly used methods for calculating the volume of I/I-water, The Dilution method (DM) and the Water Balance Method (WBM). When comparing the methods, the WBM gives a lower value of I/I-water than the DM. Analysis shows that ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111696

7. Introduction of an Experimental Terrestrial Forecasting/Monitoring System at Regional to Continental Scales Based on the Terrestrial Systems Modeling Platform (v1.1.0)

Author:
Kollet, Stefan; Gasper, Fabian; Brdar, Slavko; Goergen, Klaus; Hendricks-Franssen, Harrie-Jan; Keune, Jessica; Kurtz, Wolfgang; Küll, Volker; Pappenberger, Florian; Poll, Stefan; Trömel, Silke; Shrestha, Prabhakar; Simmer, Clemens; Sulis, Mauro
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
air temperature; energy; global change; groundwater; groundwater recharge; hydrologic factors; models; monitoring; plant available water; river flow; water table; weather; Germany
Abstract:
... Operational weather and flood forecasting has been performed successfully for decades and is of great socioeconomic importance. Up to now, forecast products focus on atmospheric variables, such as precipitation, air temperature and, in hydrology, on river discharge. Considering the full terrestrial system from groundwater across the land surface into the atmosphere, a number of important hydrologi ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111697

8. Occlusion in Bottom Intakes with Circular Bars by Flow with Gravel-Sized Sediment. An Experimental Study

Author:
Garcia, Juan T.; Castillo, Luis G.; Haro, Patricia L.; Carrillo, Jose M.
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
gravel; labor; sediment transport
Abstract:
... Obstruction of the racks in bottom intakes due to sediment wedged in the slit of the bars can significantly reduce diverted flow. Notwithstanding the design recommendations that are found in the literature, the problem of rack occlusion continues to occur in built structures. This work focuses on the clogging effects in the circular bars of a bottom rack system using gravels whose median diameter, ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111699

9. Synthetic Impacts of Internal Climate Variability and Anthropogenic Change on Future Meteorological Droughts over China

Author:
Gu, Lei; Chen, Jie; Xu, Chong-Yu; Wang, Hui-Min; Zhang, LiPing
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; climate; climate change; drought; model uncertainty; models; China
Abstract:
... The climate change impacts on droughts have received widespread attention in many recent studies. However, previous studies mainly attribute the changes in future droughts to human-induced climate change, while the impacts of internal climate variability (ICV) have not been addressed adequately. In order to specifically consider the ICV in drought impacts, this study investigates the changes in me ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111702

10. Waters from the Djiboutian Afar: A Review of Strontium Isotopic Composition and a Comparison with Ethiopian Waters and Red Sea Brines

Author:
Boschetti, Tiziano; Awaleh, Mohamed Osman; Barbieri, Maurizio
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
aquifers; arid zones; coasts; drinking water; electricity; fossils; freshwater; groundwater; hot springs; saline water; saltwater intrusion; stable isotopes; strontium; weathering; Djibouti; Red Sea
Abstract:
... Drinking water is scarce in Djibouti because of the hot desert climate. Moreover, seawater intrusion or fossil saltwater contamination of the limited number of freshwater aquifers due to groundwater overexploitation affect those who live close to the coastline (~80% of the population). Despite this, the geothermal potential of the country’s plentiful hot springs could resolve the increasing ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111700

11. Agroindustrial Wastewater Treatment with Simultaneous Biodiesel Production in Attached Growth Systems Using a Mixed Microbial Culture

Author:
Tsolcha, Olga N.; Tekerlekopoulou, Athanasia G.; Akratos, Christos S.; Aggelis, George; Genitsaris, Savvas; Moustaka-Gouni, Maria; Vayenas, Dimitrios V.
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Leptolyngbya; biodiesel; biomass production; bioremediation; feedstocks; fuel production; lipid content; microbial biomass; microbial culture; monounsaturated fatty acids; nutrients; oils; operating costs; oxygen; photobioreactors; pollutants; wastewater; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... The use of cyanobacteria in biological wastewater treatment technologies can greatly reduce operation costs by combining wastewater bioremediation and production of lipid suitable as biodiesel feedstock. In this work, an attached growth system was employed to achieve the above-mentioned dual objective using a mixed microbial culture dominated by Leptolyngbya and Limnothrix species in diverse heter ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111693

12. Analysis of Precipitation Extremes in the Source Region of the Yangtze River during 1960–2016

Author:
Zhou, Baojia; Liang, Chuan; Zhao, Peng; Dai, Qiong
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
atmospheric precipitation; data collection; dry season; global warming; least squares; temperature; wet season; China; Yangtze River
Abstract:
... The source region of the Yangtze River (SRYR) on the central Tibetan Plateau has seen one of the most significant increases in temperature in the world. Climate warming has altered the temporal and spatial characteristics of precipitation in the SRYR. In this study, we analyzed the temporal trends and spatial distributions of extreme precipitation in the SRYR during 1960–2016 using 11 extrem ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111691

13. An Automatic Irrigation Control System for Soilless Culture of Lettuce

Author:
Liu, Zhigang; Xu, Qinchao
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
computer software; developmental stages; drainage; evapotranspiration; irrigation management; irrigation water; lettuce; models; rhizosphere; soilless culture; spring; summer; water conservation; water content; water use efficiency
Abstract:
... To achieve precise measurement of moisture content in the substrate and intelligent water-saving irrigation, a simple and low cost automatic irrigation control system based on ZigBee wireless network has been developed. A software with irrigation strategy was proposed based on the models of substrate wetting pattern, lettuce root zone and the evapotranspiration. The system could detect substrate m ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111692

14. Hydrodynamic Performance Analysis of the Vertical Axis Twin-Rotor Tidal Current Turbine

Author:
Ma, Yong; Hu, Chao; Li, Yulong; Li, Lei; Deng, Rui; Jiang, Dapeng
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
computer software; hydrodynamics; power plants; rotors; tides; turbines; water power
Abstract:
... The goal of this manuscript is to investigate the influence of relative distance between the twin rotors on the hydrodynamic performance of the vertical axis twin-rotor tidal current turbine. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations based on commercial software ANSYS-CFX have been performed to enhance the understanding of interactions between the twin-rotors. The interactions between the twi ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111694

15. Impacts of Sea Level Rise and Groundwater Extraction Scenarios on Fresh Groundwater Resources in the Nile Delta Governorates, Egypt

Author:
Mabrouk, Marmar; Jonoski, Andreja; H. P. Oude Essink, Gualbert; Uhlenbrook, Stefan
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; aquifers; freshwater; groundwater; groundwater extraction; groundwater flow; models; population growth; prognosis; river deltas; saline water; saltwater intrusion; sea level; water quality; water salinization; Egypt
Abstract:
... As Egypt’s population increases, the demand for fresh groundwater extraction will intensify. Consequently, the groundwater quality will deteriorate, including an increase in salinization. On the other hand, salinization caused by saltwater intrusion in the coastal Nile Delta Aquifer (NDA) is also threatening the groundwater resources. The aim of this article is to assess the situation in 201 ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111690

16. Modeling Summer Hypoxia Spatial Distribution and Fish Habitat Volume in Artificial Estuarine Waterway

Author:
Chong, Suna; Park, Chunhong; Lee, Ka Ram; An, Kwang-Guk
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Mugil cephalus; dissolved oxygen; estuaries; fish; freshwater; habitats; hydrodynamics; hydrologic models; salinity; seawater; summer; tides
Abstract:
... This study analyzes the dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion or hypoxia formation affecting the ecological vulnerability of Gyeongin-Ara Waterway (GAW), an artificial estuarine waterway. The physical, chemical, and biochemical factors affecting the summer hypoxia dynamics and distribution are simulated and the habitat volumes of major fish species are calculated. CE-QUAL-W2, a two-dimensional hydrodyna ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111695

17. Assessing the Use of Satellite-Based Estimates and High-Resolution Precipitation Datasets for the Study of Extreme Precipitation Events over the Iberian Peninsula

Author:
Hénin, Riccardo; Liberato, Margarida L. R.; Ramos, Alexandre M.; Gouveia, Célia M.
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
data collection; latitude; rain; satellites; weather forecasting; winter; Iberian Peninsula
Abstract:
... An assessment of daily accumulated precipitation during extreme precipitation events (EPEs) occurring over the period 2000–2008 in the Iberian Peninsula (IP) is presented. Different sources for precipitation data, namely ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111688

18. Automated Geospatial Models of Varying Complexities for Pine Forest Evapotranspiration Estimation with Advanced Data Mining

Author:
Panda, Sudhanshu; Amatya, Devendra M.; Jackson, Rhett; Sun, Ge; Noormets, Asko
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Landsat; Pinus; automation; computer software; coniferous forests; eddy covariance; evapotranspiration; geographic information systems; neural networks; remote sensing
Abstract:
... The study goal was to develop automated user-friendly remote-sensing based evapotranspiration (ET) estimation tools: (i) artificial neural network (ANN) based models, (ii) ArcGIS-based automated geospatial model, and (iii) executable software to predict pine forest daily ET flux on a pixel- or plot average-scale. Study site has had long-term eddy-flux towers for ET measurements since 2006. Cloud-f ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111687

19. Changes of Grassland Rain Use Efficiency and NDVI in Northwestern China from 1982 to 2013 and Its Response to Climate Change

Author:
Chang, Juan; Tian, Jiaxi; Zhang, Zengxin; Chen, Xi; Chen, Yizhao; Chen, Sheng; Duan, Zheng
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
air temperature; climate change; ecological restoration; ecosystems; grasslands; normalized difference vegetation index; rain; semiarid zones; sustainable development; temporal variation; China
Abstract:
... The grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions rely heavily on the use of rain, thus, improving rain use efficiency (RUE) is essential for securing sustainable development of grassland ecosystems in these areas with limited rainfall. In this study, the spatial and temporal variabilities of RUE for grassland ecosystems over Northwestern China during 1982–2013 were analyzed using the normalized ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111689

20. Review of Constructed Wetlands for Acid Mine Drainage Treatment

Author:
Pat-Espadas, Aurora M.; Loredo Portales, Rene; Amabilis-Sosa, Leonel E.; Gómez, Gloria; Vidal, Gladys
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
acid mine drainage; acidity; adsorption; biofilm; constructed wetlands; experimental design; gravel; heavy metals; microorganisms; mining; operating costs; plants (botany); remediation; surface water; symbiosis; synergism; toxicity
Abstract:
... The mining industry is the major producer of acid mine drainage (AMD). The problem of AMD concerns at active and abandoned mine sites. Acid mine drainage needs to be treated since it can contaminate surface water. Constructed wetlands (CW), a passive treatment technology, combines naturally-occurring biogeochemical, geochemical, and physical processes. This technology can be used for the long-term ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10111685