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You searched for: Journal name Water Remove constraint Journal name: Water Publication year rev 7982-2018 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 7982-2018 Source 2018 v.10 no.6 Remove constraint Source: 2018 v.10 no.6
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1. The 1987–1989 Phytoplankton Bloom in Kaneohe Bay

Author:
Edward Laws; Satoru Taguchi
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
algal blooms; chlorophyll; drawdown; municipal wastewater; nitrates; phosphates; phytoplankton; rain; runoff; sewage treatment; silicates; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... A remarkable bloom of phytoplankton occurred in the southeast sector (SE) of Kaneohe Bay from 1987 through 1989. During the bloom, concentrations of chlorophyll a at the former site of the Kaneohe municipal wastewater treatment plant outfall averaged a little more than 2 mg m–3 for a period of 40 months. The increase of chl a was accompanied by a roughly twofold increase in the percentage of ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060747

2. Adaptation Strategies of the Hydrosocial Cycles in the Mediterranean Region

Author:
Ana Arahuetes; María Hernández; Antonio M. Rico
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
business enterprises; cities; climate change; climatic factors; desalination; dry environmental conditions; population growth; stakeholders; wastewater treatment; water resources; Mediterranean region; Spain
Abstract:
... The Spanish Mediterranean region has been affected by several factors over the years (climatic conditions of aridity, high water demands, rapid and intense urban and population growth, climate change), that have generated a negative water balance whereby water resources are unable to meet the demand. Diversifying supply sources by resorting to new resources has been a necessity that has stimulated ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060790

3. Analysis of the Erosion Law of Karst Groundwater Using Hydrogeochemical Theory in Liulin Spring Area, North China

Author:
Xiuqing Zheng; Kai Wang; Fei Zhang; Junfeng Chen; Aimin Li; Yanping Chen
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
calcite; carbonate rocks; computer simulation; computer software; corrosion; dolomite; groundwater; gypsum; hydrogeochemistry; hydrogeology; karsts; models; reaction kinetics; sediments; solubility; springs (water); sulfates; thermodynamics; China
Abstract:
... The comprehensive geological, hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical model of the Liulin karstic spring area in the eastern limb of the Ordos syncline was established by a combination of chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics and hydrogeology. The study area was divided into four zones based on the saturation indices of calcite, dolomite and gypsum, which were computed by the groundwater-chemica ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060674

4. Application of Klebsiella oxytoca Biomass in the Biosorptive Treatment of PAH-Bearing Wastewater: Effect of PAH Hydrophobicity and Implications for Prediction

Author:
Dong Zhang; Li Lu; Hongting Zhao; Meiqing Jin; Ting Lü; Jun Lin
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Klebsiella oxytoca; anthracenes; aqueous solutions; biocompatible materials; biomass; biosorption; fluorenes; heat production; hydrophobicity; kinetics; naphthalene; octanol; phenanthrenes; prediction; temperature; wastewater; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Biosorption has been widely recognized as a promising method to treat wastewater. However, few studies have investigated the impact of pollutants’ properties on wastewater treatment, as well as the underlying mechanisms and future predictions. In this study, the effects of pollutants’ hydrophobicity on the biosorptive removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were evaluated. T ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060675

5. Application of Terrestrial Laser Scanning to Tree Trunk Bark Structure Characteristics Evaluation and Analysis of Their Effect on the Flow Resistance Coefficient

Author:
Tomasz Kałuża; Mariusz Sojka; Paweł Strzeliński; Rafał Wróżyński
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Pinus sylvestris; Quercus robur; bark; computer software; data collection; flow resistance; foil; geographic information systems; laboratory experimentation; models; scanners; tree trunk
Abstract:
... The paper presents an original method for the evaluation of bark structure characteristics of tree trunks on the basis of terrestrial laser scanning data. Measurements testing the method proposed were performed in laboratory conditions for trunks of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.). The laser scanner used was a FARO Focus 3D. The scanning was carried out in two variants for na ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060753

6. Applying the Theory of Reliability to the Assessment of Hazard, Risk and Safety in a Hydrologic System: A Case Study in the Upper Sola River Catchment, Poland

Author:
Bogdan Ozga-Zielinski; Jan Adamowski; Maurycy Ciupak
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
case studies; engineering; financial economics; flood control; hydrology; protocols; risk; risk assessment; risk management; rivers; watersheds; Poland
Abstract:
... River basin safety issues and hazards arising from extreme hydrological and meteorological events pose significant risks to human life and can entail economic and financial losses. In this study, the practical aspects of reliability theory linked to reliability engineering, and the associated mathematical tools used to describe technical systems, were applied to explore the structural reliability ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060723

7. Assessing Environmental Flow Targets Using Pre-Settlement Land Cover: A SWAT Modeling Application

Author:
Sean J. Zeiger; Jason A. Hubbart
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Soil and Water Assessment Tool model; agricultural development; aquatic ecosystems; environmental health; land cover; land use; soil; stream flow; watersheds
Abstract:
... Determining environmental flow requirements to sustain aquatic ecosystem health remains a challenge. The purpose of this research was to quantify the extent of current flow alterations relative to baseline hydrologic conditions of a simulated historic flow regime prior to anthropogenic flow disturbance (i.e., pre-settlement flows). Results allowed assessment of the efficacy of environmental flow t ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060791

8. Assessing Urban Water Management Sustainability of a Megacity: Case Study of Seoul, South Korea

Author:
Hyowon Kim; Jaewoo Son; Seockheon Lee; Stef Koop; Kees van Leeuwen; Young June Choi; Jeryang Park
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
case studies; cities; climate change; governance; hydrologic cycle; infrastructure; operating costs; risk; sanitation; stormwater; urbanization; waste utilization; wastewater; water management; willingness to pay; South Korea
Abstract:
... Many cities are facing various water-related challenges caused by rapid urbanization and climate change. Moreover, a megacity may pose a greater risk due to its scale and complexity for coping with impending challenges. Infrastructure and governance also differ by the level of development of a city which indicates that the analysis of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and water governan ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060682

9. Assessment of Nutrient Leaching in Flooded Paddy Rice Field Experiment Using Hydrus-1D

Author:
Abdikani Abdullahi Mo’allim; Md Rowshon Kamal; Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed; Mohd Amin Mohd Soom; Mohamed Azwan b. Mohamed Zawawi; Aimrun Wayayok; Hasfalina bt. Che Man
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Oryza sativa; ammonium; field experimentation; growing season; irrigation management; leachates; leaching; mathematical models; nitrification; nitrogen; paddies; pollution; rhizosphere; rice; roots; runoff; soil depth; solutes; topsoil; volatilization; water flow
Abstract:
... Solute runoff and leaching are two direct pathways of nutrient pollution from paddy fields into water systems. Due to the dynamic nature of paddy fields, solute transport and transformation processes are complex and difficult to understand. Therefore, in this study, nitrogen (N) transport in flooded paddy rice fields with conventional irrigation (flooding irrigation) in the Tanjung Karang Rice Irr ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060785

10. Assessment of Rainfall Variability and Its Relationship to ENSO in a Sub-Andean Watershed in Central Bolivia

Author:
Andres Gonzales Amaya; Mauricio F. Villazon; Patrick Willems
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
El Nino; basins; climate; climate change; decision making; farmers; groundwater; rain; temporal variation; water resources; water table; watersheds; Bolivia
Abstract:
... Climate change and variability are likely to increase in most parts of the world, leading to more extreme events, which may increase the stress on already threatened water resources. This study focuses on the effects of the El Niño Southern Oscillation in the rainfall of Pucara basin and in the groundwater levels of the Punata alluvial fan in the Bolivian sub-Andes. Climate change and varia ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060701

11. An Assessment of the Vertical Movement of Water in a Flooded Paddy Rice Field Experiment Using Hydrus-1D

Author:
Abdikani Abdullahi Mo’allim; Md Rowshon Kamal; Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed; Nasehir Khan E. M. Yahaya; Mohamed Azwan b. Mohamed Zawawe; Hasfalina bt. Che Man; Aimrun Wayayok
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
drainage water; evapotranspiration; field experimentation; growing season; irrigation management; irrigation water; mathematical models; paddies; rain; rice; soil water balance; water flow
Abstract:
... A quantitative estimation of the major components of the field water balance provides management decisions on how the scheme ought to be operated to ensure better distribution of irrigation water and increased delivery performance. Therefore, in this study, the water balance component in transplanted and broadcasted rice fields with conventional irrigation (flooding irrigation) in the Tanjung Kara ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060783

12. Calculating the Economic Level of Friction in Pressurized Water Systems

Author:
Enrique Cabrera; Elena Gómez; Javier Soriano
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
capital; energy efficiency; friction; mathematical models; pipes; prediction; prices
Abstract:
... In this paper, an algebraic expression is presented to determine the optimum hydraulic gradient (J0) in a pressurized water system. J0 represents the economic level of friction losses (ELF), which is dependent on the network’s behavior as well as other parameters, including energy and the pipe costs. As these have prices changed over time, so has the value of J0
DOI:
10.3390/w10060763

13. Calibration Parameter Selection and Watershed Hydrology Model Evaluation in Time and Frequency Domains

Author:
Karthik Kumarasamy; Patrick Belmont
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Soil and Water Assessment Tool model; decision making; model validation; water quality; watershed hydrology; watersheds; wavelet; Minnesota
Abstract:
... Watershed scale models simulating hydrological and water quality processes have advanced rapidly in sophistication, process representation, flexibility in model structure, and input data. With calibration being an inevitable step prior to any model application, there is need for a simple procedure to assess whether or not a parameter should be adjusted for calibration. We provide a rationale for a ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060710
CHORUS:
10.3390/w10060710

14. A Cautionary Note on the Reproduction of Dependencies through Linear Stochastic Models with Non-Gaussian White Noise

Author:
Ioannis Tsoukalas; Simon Michael Papalexiou; Andreas Efstratiadis; Christos Makropoulos
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
hydrometeorology; models; reproduction; statistical analysis; stochastic processes; time series analysis
Abstract:
... Since the prime days of stochastic hydrology back in 1960s, autoregressive (AR) and moving average (MA) models (as well as their extensions) have been widely used to simulate hydrometeorological processes. Initially, AR(1) or Markovian models with Gaussian noise prevailed due to their conceptual and mathematical simplicity. However, the ubiquitous skewed behavior of most hydrometeorological proces ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060771

15. Characterizing the Flash Flooding Risks from 2011 to 2016 over China

Author:
Meihong Ma; Bingshun He; Jinhong Wan; Pengfei Jia; Xirong Guo; Liang Gao; Lane W. Maguire; Yang Hong
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
children; databases; disasters; early warning systems; elderly; flooded conditions; floods; monitoring; rain; risk; rivers; watersheds; China
Abstract:
... Flash floods induced by heavy rainfall occur frequently in China, which cause severe damages or even casualties every year. Flash floods generally occur in small catchments, and therefore were poorly documented. A Database including 963 flash flood events in China is compiled and studied in this study. Analytical results (a) indicate flash flood condition in China; (b) shed light on the spatial-te ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060704

16. Clock Hand Lateral, A New Layout for Semi-Permanent Sprinkler Irrigation System

Author:
Lei Gan; Saeed Rad; Xiaobing Chen; Rongjie Fang; Lei Yan; Shihua Su
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
capital; cost effectiveness; farms; hands; pipes; sprinkler irrigation; systems engineering; China
Abstract:
... The experiment was done based on a new layout for a semi-permanent set-move sprinkler irrigation system with a lower capital and annual cost requirement. In this work, a center-pivot system layout was applied to set up a semi-permanent system with a hand-move lateral. The clock hand lateral (CHL) sprinkler irrigation system was implemented using a shorter mainline length with a smaller diameter, l ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060767

17. Coastal Aquifer Contamination and Geochemical Processes Evaluation in Tugela Catchment, South Africa—Geochemical and Statistical Approaches

Author:
Badana Ntanganedzeni; Vetrimurugan Elumalai; Natarajan Rajmohan
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
World Health Organization; anthropogenic activities; aquifers; bicarbonates; calcium; carbonates; coarse-textured soils; coasts; crops; drainage water; drinking water; electrical conductivity; geochemistry; groundwater; groundwater contamination; hydrochemistry; ion exchange; irrigation; magnesium; prediction; principal component analysis; rivers; salt tolerance; septic systems; sewage; sodium; total dissolved solids; wastewater; water quality; watersheds; wells; South Africa
Abstract:
... Assessment of groundwater quality, contamination sources and geochemical processes in the coastal aquifer of Tugela Catchment, South Africa were carried out by the geochemical and statistical approach using major ion chemistry of 36 groundwater samples. Results suggest that the spatial distribution pattern of EC, TDS, Na, Mg, Cl and SO4 are homogenous and elevated concentrations are obs ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060687

18. A Comparative Study of Groundwater Level Forecasting Using Data-Driven Models Based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition

Author:
Yicheng Gong; Zhongjing Wang; Guoyin Xu; Zixiong Zhang
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
comparative study; guidelines; lakes; neural networks; prediction; support vector machines; time series analysis; water table; water use efficiency; wells; Florida
Abstract:
... The reliable and accurate prediction of groundwater levels is important to improve water-use efficiency in the development and management of water resources. Three nonlinear time-series intelligence hybrid models were proposed to predict groundwater level fluctuations through a combination of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and data-driven models (i.e., artificial neural networks (ANN ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060730

19. Comparison of Time Nonlocal Transport Models for Characterizing Non-Fickian Transport: From Mathematical Interpretation to Laboratory Application

Author:
Bingqing Lu; Yong Zhang; Chunmiao Zheng; Christopher T. Green; Charles O’Neill; Hong-Guang Sun; Jiazhong Qian
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
dispersibility; equations; field experimentation; hydrology; mass transfer; models; tracer techniques
Abstract:
... Non-Fickian diffusion has been increasingly documented in hydrology and modeled by promising time nonlocal transport models. While previous studies showed that most of the time nonlocal models are identical with correlated parameters, fundamental challenges remain in real-world applications regarding model selection and parameter definition. This study compared three popular time nonlocal transpor ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060778

20. Compound Extremes in Hydroclimatology: A Review

Author:
Zengchao Hao; Vijay P. Singh; Fanghua Hao
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Markov chain; cold; drought; ecosystems; environmental impact; heat; rain; regression analysis; simulation models; statistical models
Abstract:
... Extreme events, such as drought, heat wave, cold wave, flood, and extreme rainfall, have received increasing attention in recent decades due to their wide impacts on society and ecosystems. Meanwhile, the compound extremes (i.e., the simultaneous or sequential occurrence of multiple extremes at single or multiple locations) may exert even larger impacts on society or the environment. Thus, the pas ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10060718