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You searched for: Journal name Water Remove constraint Journal name: Water Publication year rev 7983-2017 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 7983-2017
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1. A Comparative Study of Potential Evapotranspiration Estimation by Eight Methods with FAO Penman–Monteith Method in Southwestern China

Author:
Dengxiao Lang; Jiangkun Zheng; Jiaqi Shi; Feng Liao; Xing Ma; Wenwu Wang; Xuli Chen; Mingfang Zhang
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Food and Agriculture Organization; autumn; basins; comparative study; evapotranspiration; meteorological data; meteorology; river valleys; summer; water resources; China
Abstract:
... Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is crucial for water resources assessment. In this regard, the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)–Penman–Monteith method (PM) is commonly recognized as a standard method for PET estimation. However, due to requirement of detailed meteorological data, the application of PM is often constrained in many regions. Under such circumstances, an alternative method w ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9100734

2. A Comparison of Preference Handling Techniques in Multi-Objective Optimisation for Water Distribution Systems

Author:
Gilberto Reynoso-Meza; Victor Henrique Alves Ribeiro; Elizabeth Pauline Carreño-Alvarado
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
algorithms; hydraulic engineering; system optimization; water distribution
Abstract:
... Dealing with real world engineering problems, often comes with facing multiple and conflicting objectives and requirements. Water distributions systems (WDS) are not exempt from this: while cost and hydraulic performance are usually conflicting objectives, several requirements related with environmental issues in water sources might be in conflict as well. Commonly, optimisation statements are def ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9120996

3. A Keystone Methylobacterium Strain in Biofilm Formation in Drinking Water

Author:
Erifyli Tsagkari; Ciara Keating; Jillian M. Couto; William T. Sloan
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Methylobacterium; bacteria; bacterial communities; biofilm; coculture; drinking water; fluorescence in situ hybridization; laminar flow; turbulent flow
Abstract:
... The structure of biofilms in drinking water systems is influenced by the interplay between biological and physical processes. Bacterial aggregates in bulk fluid are important in seeding biofilm formation on surfaces. In simple pure and co-cultures, certain bacteria, including Methylobacterium, are implicated in the formation of aggregates. However, it is unclear whether they help to form aggregate ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9100778

4. A New Device for Pressure Control and Energy Recovery in Water Distribution Networks

Author:
Marco Sinagra; Vincenzo Sammartano; Gabriele Morreale; Tullio Tucciarelli
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
cost benefit analysis; energy recovery; potential energy; tanks; water distribution; water power; Italy
Abstract:
... The potential energy of the water in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) usually exceeds the amount needed for delivery and consumption and, at the present time, it is mainly dissipated through Pressure Reducing Valves (PRVs) or Open Water Tanks. The present study suggests the use of a new energy-producing device, a Cross-flow turbine with positive outlet pressure named PRS (Power Recovery System), ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9050309

5. A Percolation‐Based Approach to Scaling Infiltration and Evapotranspiration

Author:
Allen G. Hunt; Ran Holtzman; Behzad Ghanbarian
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Richards' equation; evapotranspiration; growing season; hydraulic conductivity; mathematical theory; plant height; porosity; root growth; root tips; saturated conditions; topology; transient flow; transpiration; vegetation
Abstract:
... Optimal flow paths obtained from percolation theory provide a powerful tool that can be used to characterize properties associated with flow such as soil hydraulic conductivity, as well as other properties influenced by flow connectivity and topology. A recently proposed scaling theory for vegetation growth appeals to the tortuosity of optimal paths from percolation theory to define the spatio‐tem ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9020104

6. A Physical Pre-Treatment Method (Vertical Weir Curtain) for Mitigating Cyanobacteria and Some of Their Metabolites in a Drinking Water Reservoir

Author:
Chae-Hong Park; Myung-Hwan Park; Keun-Hee Kim; Nan-Young Kim; Young-Hyo Kim; Eun-Mi Gwon; Baik-Ho Kim; Byung-Jin Lim; Soon-Jin Hwang
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
2-methylisoborneol; Cyanobacteria; algae; algal blooms; drinking water; geosmin; metabolites; microcystin-LR; polypropylenes; porosity; water reservoirs; water supply
Abstract:
... Harmful cyanobacteria and their metabolites often contaminate drinking water resources, and effective control remains challenging. Here, we developed a physical algal pre-treatment method, the vertical weir curtain (VWC), to mitigate cyanobacteria and some of their metabolites (geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), and microcystins) in situ and evaluated its performance in a raw water reservoir use ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9100775

7. A Short-Term Water Demand Forecasting Model Using a Moving Window on Previously Observed Data

Author:
Elena Pacchin; Stefano Alvisi; Marco Franchini
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
coefficient of relationship; econometric models; economic forecasting; supply balance; time series analysis; water management
Abstract:
... In this article, a model for forecasting water demands over a 24-h time window using solely a pair of coefficients whose value is updated at every forecasting step is presented. The first coefficient expresses the ratio between the average water demand over the 24 h that follow the time the forecast is made and the average water demand over the 24 h that precede it. The second coefficient expresse ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9030172

8. A Stepwise-Cluster Inference Model for Phenanthrene Immobilization at the Aqueous/Modified Palygorskite Interface

Author:
Shan Zhao; Guohe Huang; Guanhui Cheng; Wei Sun; Qian Su; Zeyu Tao; Shuguang Wang
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
environmental factors; humic acids; ionic strength; pH; palygorskite; phenanthrenes; prediction; sorption; statistical analysis; temperature
Abstract:
... A stepwise-cluster inference (SI) model was established through introducing stepwise-cluster analysis (SCA) into the phenanthrene immobilization process at the aqueous/modified palygorskite interface. SCA has the advantages of tackling the nonlinear relationships among environmental factors and the phenanthrene sorption amount in the immobilization process. The essence of SCA is to form a tree-bas ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9080590

9. A Theoretical Model to Predict the Critical Hydraulic Gradient for Soil Particle Movement under Two-Dimensional Seepage Flow

Author:
Zhe Huang; Yuchuan Bai; Haijue Xu; Yufen Cao; Xiao Hu
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.11 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
model validation; probability; qualitative analysis; riparian areas; rolling; sediment transport; sediments; seepage; soil; theoretical models
Abstract:
... The soil particle movement under seepage flow is one of the predominant mechanisms responsible for incidents and failures of dams and streambanks. However, little attention has been paid to the critical hydraulic gradient under two-dimensional (2-D) seepage flow. In this study, a theoretical model was established under 2-D seepage flow to predict the critical hydraulic gradients for soil particle ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9110828

10. Accounting for the Assimilative Capacity of Water Systems in Scotland

Author:
Paula Novo
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
arsenic; databases; ecosystem services; ecosystems; greywater; land management; lead; mercury; nutrients; pollutants; water footprint; water treatment; Scotland
Abstract:
... A key methodological challenge in understanding the relationship between the economy and the underlying ecosystem base resides in how to account for the ecosystem’s degradation and the decline of associated ecosystem services. In this study, we use information on nutrients and metals concentrations from the Environmental Change Network (ECN) database and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9080559

11. Achieving Resilience through Water Recycling in Peri-Urban Agriculture

Author:
Roger Attwater; Chris Derry
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
agricultural products; case studies; ecosystem services; hydrologic cycle; industrial ecology; landscape ecology; livelihood; risk management; social benefit; social environment; urban agriculture; wastewater; water harvesting; water reuse; Australia
Abstract:
... Pressures on urban, peri-urban and rural water and agricultural systems are increasingly complex with multiple interacting stresses and impacts. As a way of addressing these issues there has been increasing consideration as to how to build and manage resilience in these complex social-ecological systems. This paper presents a case study of the role of water recycling for agricultural use within th ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9030223

12. Actual and Reference Evapotranspiration in a Cornfield in the Zhangye Oasis, Northwestern China

Author:
Lianglei Gu; Zeyong Hu; Jimin Yao; Genhou Sun
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Food and Agriculture Organization; air temperature; autumn; canopy; crop coefficient; ecosystems; eddy covariance; energy balance; evapotranspiration; heading; hydrologic cycle; irrigation; maturity stage; net radiation; oases; rain; seasonal variation; seedlings; semiarid zones; specific humidity; spring; summer; wind speed; winter; China
Abstract:
... Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the surface energy balance and water cycle, especially in arid and semiarid regions. The characteristics of the actual evapotranspiration (ETa), which was calculated using the eddy covariance method, and the reference evapotranspiration (ET0), which was estimated using the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Penman–Mont ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9070499

13. Adapting to Variable Water Supply in the Truckee-Carson River System, Western USA

Author:
Kelley Sterle; Loretta Singletary
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
arid zones; case studies; climatic factors; drought; hydrologic models; infrastructure; interviews; managers; rivers; snowmelt; snowpack; soil water content; stream flow; temperature; uncertainty; water allocation; water shortages; water table; winter; Western United States
Abstract:
... In snow-fed inland river systems in the western United States, water supply depends upon timing, form, and amount of precipitation. In recent years, this region has experienced unprecedented drought conditions due to decreased snowpack, exacerbated by exceptionally warmer winter temperatures averaging 3–4 °C above normal. In the snow-fed Truckee-Carson River System, two sets of interviews were con ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9100768

14. Addressing Groundwater Declines with Precision Agriculture: An Economic Comparison of Monitoring Methods for Variable-Rate Irrigation

Author:
Grant H. West; Kent Kovacs
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
aquifers; cost effectiveness; costs and returns; farmers; groundwater; groundwater extraction; irrigation management; markets; monitoring; precision agriculture; rowcrops; soil water; unmanned aerial vehicles; Arkansas; Mississippi Delta region
Abstract:
... Irrigated row-crop agriculture is contributing to declining groundwater in areas such as the Mississippi Delta region of eastern Arkansas. There is a need to move toward sustainable levels of groundwater withdrawal. Recent improvements in remote monitoring technologies such as wireless soil moisture sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles offer the potential for farmers to effectively practice site-s ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9010028

15. An Analysis of Terrestrial and Aquatic Environmental Controls of Riverine Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Conterminous United States

Author:
Qichun Yang; Xuesong Zhang; Xingya Xu; Ghassem R. Asrar
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
United States Geological Survey; carbon cycle; cropland; dams (hydrology); dissolved organic carbon; environmental factors; forests; phosphorus; rivers; sand fraction; shrublands; soil organic matter; soil water; soil water content; standard deviation; streams; surface water; uncertainty; urban areas; watersheds; Mississippi River; Southeastern United States; Western United States
Abstract:
... Analyses of environmental controls on riverine carbon fluxes are critical for improved understanding of the mechanisms regulating carbon cycling along the terrestrial-aquatic continuum. Here, we compile and analyze riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration data from 1402 United States Geological Survey (USGS) gauge stations to examine the spatial variability and environmental controls ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9060383

16. An EMD-Based Chaotic Least Squares Support Vector Machine Hybrid Model for Annual Runoff Forecasting

Author:
Xuehua Zhao; Xu Chen; Yongxin Xu; Dongjie Xi; Yongbo Zhang; Xiuqing Zheng
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
least squares; prediction; runoff; support vector machines; water management
Abstract:
... Accurate forecasting of annual runoff is necessary for water resources management. However, a runoff series consists of complex nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics, which makes forecasting difficult. To contribute towards improved prediction accuracy, a novel hybrid model based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for annual runoff forecasting is proposed and applied in this paper. F ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9030153

17. An Economic Assessment of the Global Potential for Seawater Desalination to 2050

Author:
Lu Gao; Sayaka Yoshikawa; Yoshihiko Iseri; Shinichiro Fujimori; Shinjiro Kanae
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
climate; desalination; economic feasibility; prices; production costs; seawater; water shortages
Abstract:
... Seawater desalination is a promising approach to satisfying water demand in coastal countries suffering from water scarcity. To clarify its potential future global scale, we perform a detailed investigation of the economic feasibility of desalination development for different countries using a feasibility index (Fi) that reflects a comparison between the price of water and the cost of p ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9100763

18. An Investigation into Sub-Basin Rainfall Losses in Different Underlying Surface Conditions Using HEC-HMS: A Case Study of a Loess Hilly Region in Gedong Basin in the Western Shanxi Province of China

Author:
Juanhui Ren; Xiuqing Zheng; Pan Chen; Xuehua Zhao; Yanping Chen; Yu Shen
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.11 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
basins; case studies; disasters; forest land; loess; prediction; rain; China
Abstract:
... Basins located in loess hilly–gully regions often suffer flood disasters during the flood season. Meanwhile, the underlying surface of the region can increase the rainfall losses, thereby reducing the flood volume. Therefore, the prediction of rainfall losses on the underlying surface is necessary for scientifically and reasonably forecasting the flood volume. The relationship between the rainfall ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9110870

19. Analysing the Effects of Forest Cover and Irrigation Farm Dams on Streamflows of Water-Scarce Catchments in South Australia through the SWAT Model

Author:
Hong Hanh Nguyen; Friedrich Recknagel; Wayne Meyer; Jacqueline Frizenschaf
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Eucalyptus; Soil and Water Assessment Tool model; base flow; dams (hydrology); drought; evapotranspiration; farms; forest plantations; forests; hydrologic cycle; irrigation; land use planning; orchards; overland flow; pastures; vineyards; water yield; watersheds; South Australia
Abstract:
... To assist water resource managers with future land use planning efforts, the eco-hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to three catchments in South Australia that experience extreme low flow conditions. Particular land uses and management issues of interest included forest covers, known to affect water yields, and farm dams, known to intercept and change the hydrolog ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9010033

20. Analysis of Changes in Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Drought across South Korea

Author:
Seung Jin Maeng; Muhammad Azam; Hyung San Kim; Ju Ha Hwang
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
coasts; drought; hydrometeorology; probability distribution; risk management; South Korea
Abstract:
... Since the climatic features of South Korea are highly complex and time variable, spatio-temporal-based drought frequency analysis is a prerequisite for drought risk management. The spatial extent of drought risk analysis in a bivariate framework has scarcely been applied in South Korea before. In this study, the spatio-temporal changes in drought events are investigated at 55 stations across South ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9090679

21. Analysis of Dynamic Spatiotemporal Changes in Actual Evapotranspiration and Its Associated Factors in the Pearl River Basin Based on MOD16

Author:
Tao Zhang; Yangbo Chen
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.11 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
basins; climate; data collection; energy balance; environmental factors; evapotranspiration; hydrologic cycle; meteorological data; relative humidity; remote sensing; rivers; spatial variation; temperature; watersheds; wind speed
Abstract:
... Evapotranspiration is an important part of the hydrological cycle, surface energy balance and global climate system. Due to spatial heterogeneity, the trends in actual evapotranspiration (ET) and its associated factors vary in different regions. Because direct measurements of ET are limited over large areas, remote sensing provides an efficient method of ET spatial analysis, and standard data prod ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9110832

22. Anomalous Features of Water Vapor Transport during Severe Summer and Early Fall Droughts in Southwest China

Author:
Zhenchen Liu; Guihua Lu; Hai He; Zhiyong Wu; Jian He
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
autumn; drought; summer; thermodynamics; water vapor; China; Somalia
Abstract:
... Water vapor transport (WVT) is an important element in drought development. In this study, we examined the geographical and vertical anomalies of WVT during severe summer and early fall drought processes and their occurrence, persistence and recovery phases in Southwest China (SWC) by using the method of standardized anomalies (SA) and composite analysis. The SA-based indices of WVT were built up ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9040244

23. Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Genotyping of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Collected from an Urban River Basin in the Provincial City of Miyazaki, Japan

Author:
Masateru Nishiyama; Yoshitoshi Ogura; Tetsuya Hayashi; Yoshihiro Suzuki
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Enterococcus; agar; antibiotic resistance; ciprofloxacin; erythromycin; genes; genotype; genotyping; polymerase chain reaction; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; rivers; tetracycline; watersheds; Japan
Abstract:
... The distribution characteristics of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and the resistance of enterococcus isolates to various antibiotics were investigated in Yae River, which flows through Miyazaki city, Japan. The prevalence of VRE among specimens collected from the urban river basin using mEI agar was 0.9% (2 of 226 enterococcal isolates). In the 333 enterococcal isolates obtained using mEI ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9020079

24. Applicability of Zero-Inflated Models to Fit the Torrential Rainfall Count Data with Extra Zeros in South Korea

Author:
Cheol-Eung Lee; Sang Ug Kim
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Poisson distribution; climate; disasters; floods; frequency distribution; landslides; meteorological data; models; rain; rain gauges; water management; South Korea
Abstract:
... Several natural disasters occur because of torrential rainfalls. The change in global climate most likely increases the occurrences of such downpours. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of the torrential rainfall events in order to introduce effective measures for mitigating disasters such as urban floods and landslides. However, one of the major problems is evaluating the n ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9020123

25. Application of a Hybrid Interpolation Method Based on Support Vector Machine in the Precipitation Spatial Interpolation of Basins

Author:
Xiaoxiao Zhang; Guodong Liu; Hantao Wang; Xiaodong Li
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
atmospheric precipitation; basins; equations; kriging; latitude; models; regression analysis; remote sensing; satellites; support vector machines
Abstract:
... In this paper, we applied the support vector machine (SVM) to the spatial interpolation of the multi-year average annual precipitation in the Three Gorges Region basin. By combining it with the inverse distance weighting and ordinary kriging method, we constructed the SVM residual inverse distance weighting, as well as the SVM residual kriging precipitation interpolation model and compared them wi ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9100760

26. Applications of Coupled Explicit–Implicit Solution of SWEs for Unsteady Flow in Yangtze River

Author:
Yufei Ding; Yong Liu; Xingnian Liu; Ridong Chen; Songdong Shao
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
algorithms; dams (hydrology); equations; hydrologic data; mathematical models; prototypes; rivers; transient flow; water power; waterways; China; Yangtze River
Abstract:
... In engineering practice, the unsteady flows generated from the operation of hydropower station in the upstream region could significantly change the navigation system of waterways located in the middle-lower reaches of the river. In order to study the complex propagation, convergence and superposition characteristics of unsteady flows in a long channel with flow confluence, a numerical model based ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9030091

27. Applications of Hydro-Chemical and Isotopic Tools to Improve Definitions of Groundwater Catchment Zones in a Karstic Aquifer: A Case Study

Author:
Alberto Jiménez-Madrid; Silvino Castaño; Iñaki Vadillo; Carlos Martinez; Francisco Carrasco; Albert Soler
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
European Union; alluvial aquifer; carbonates; case studies; dissolved sulfates; groundwater; livestock; pollution; stable isotopes; tritium; water shortages; watersheds; Spain
Abstract:
... Some researchers have proposed the groundwater protection zone (GPZ) method as a methodological framework for defining safeguard zones of groundwater bodies. Its goal is to protect the quality of water intended for human consumption and to facilitate a common implementation of this method in all European Union member states. One of the criteria used to establish GPZs is to define contributing catc ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9080595

28. Applying a Simple Analytical Solution to Modelling Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling of Two-Layered Fluid at the Head of Tokyo Bay, Japan

Author:
Zhongfan Zhu; Xiaomei Bai; Jie Dou; Pengfei Hei
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
death; financial economics; fisheries; hydrologic models; mixing; observational studies; seawater; shellfish; solar radiation; sulfur; surface water; tides; wind; Japan
Abstract:
... Blue tides at the head of Tokyo Bay are a hydro-environmental phenomenon where seawater appears to be milky blue because of the reflection of the sunlight off surface water containing large amounts of sulphur particles. Its appearance is due to the coastal upwelling of bottom oxygen-depleted water induced by northeasterly wind-driven circulation. Blue tides cause the death of many shellfish and ot ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9100744

29. Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on Water Quantity and Quality in an Urban Watershed Using a Calibrated Stormwater Model

Author:
Nasrin Alamdari; David J. Sample; Peter Steinberg; Andrew C. Ross; Zachary M. Easton
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
climate change; pollution load; prediction; stormwater; stormwater management; total nitrogen; total phosphorus; total suspended solids; urban development; water quality; water quantity; watersheds; Virginia
Abstract:
... Assessing climate change (CC) impacts on urban watersheds is difficult due to differences in model spatial and temporal scales, making prediction of hydrologic restoration a challenge. A methodology was developed using an autocalibration tool to calibrate a previously developed Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of Difficult Run in Fairfax, Virginia. Calibration was assisted by use of multi-objec ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9070464

30. Assessing the Uncertainty of Multiple Input Datasets in the Prediction of Water Resource Components

Author:
Bahareh Kamali; Karim C. Abbaspour; Hong Yang
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Soil and Water Assessment Tool model; climate; crops; data collection; databases; land use; prediction; rivers; soil water; uncertainty; watersheds; Iran
Abstract:
... A large number of local and global databases for soil, land use, crops, and climate are now available from different sources, which often differ, even when addressing the same spatial and temporal resolutions. As the correct database is unknown, their impact on estimating water resource components (WRC) has mostly been ignored. Here, we study the uncertainty stemming from the use of multiple datab ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9090709

31. Assessment of Flood Frequency Alteration by Dam Construction via SWAT Simulation

Author:
Jeong Eun Lee; Jun-Haeng Heo; Jeongwoo Lee; Nam Won Kim
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Soil and Water Assessment Tool model; basins; dams (hydrology); floods; stream flow; watersheds; South Korea
Abstract:
... The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impacts of the upstream Soyanggang and Chungju multi-purpose dams on the frequency of downstream floods in the Han River basin, South Korea. A continuous hydrological model, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), was used to individually simulate regulated and unregulated daily streamflows entering the Paldang Dam, which is located at the outlet of the ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9040264

32. Assessment of Hydrologic Alterations in Elbe and Rhine Rivers, Germany

Author:
Madlene Pfeiffer; Monica Ionita
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
climate change; environmental impact; rivers; stream flow; Germany; Rhine River
Abstract:
... In light of recent anthropogenic-induced climate change, a burning question at present is how these changes influence the water regime of rivers, which are of vital importance for humans as well as for biota. In this study, we investigate the changes in the hydrologic regime of two major German rivers, Elbe and Rhine, after the middle of the 20th century. Here, we use the widely adopted Range of V ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9090684

33. Assessment of Nitrogen Inputs into Hunt River by Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems via SWAT Simulation

Author:
Supria Paul; Michaela A. Cashman; Katelyn Szura; Soni M. Pradhanang
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Soil and Water Assessment Tool model; United States Geological Survey; groundwater; nitrogen; nonpoint source pollution; pollution load; rivers; stream flow; uncertainty; wastewater treatment; water pollution; watersheds; Rhode Island
Abstract:
... Nonpoint source nitrogen pollution is difficult to effectively model in groundwater systems. This study aims to elucidate anthropogenic nonpoint source pollution discharging into Potowomut Pond and ultimately Narragansett Bay. Hydrologic modeling with Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Program (SWAT-CUP) was used to simulate streamflow and nitrogen levels in ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9080610

34. Assessment of Social Vulnerability to Flood in Urban Côte d’Ivoire Using the MOVE Framework

Author:
Malan Ketcha Armand Kablan; Kouassi Dongo; Mamadou Coulibaly
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
case studies; disasters; floods; geographic information systems; risk assessment; social class; social impact; urban areas; urban development; urban population; Cote d'Ivoire; Europe
Abstract:
... Coupled with poor urban development, the increasing urban population of many Sub-Saharan African countries is subject to recurrent severe flooding episodes. In response to these flood events, while the focus is often put on slums and precarious urban settings, the social implications of these floods affect a variety of social classes. Presenting a case study of Cocody, a district of Abidjan, Côte ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9040292

35. Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on Drought Characteristics in the Hwanghae Plain, North Korea Using Time Series SPI and SPEI: 1981–2100

Author:
Sang-Hyun Lee; Seung-Hwan Yoo; Jin-Yong Choi; Seungjong Bae
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
atmospheric precipitation; climate change; drought; evapotranspiration; probability; rice; spring; summer; time series analysis; North Korea
Abstract:
... North Korea is a food-deficit nation in which climate change could have a significant impact on drought. We analyzed drought characteristics in the Hwanghae Plain, North Korea using both the multiple timescales of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) from 1981 to 2100. The probability of non-exceedance for a one-month SPEI be ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9080579

36. Atmospheric and Surface-Condition Effects on CO2 Exchange in the Liaohe Delta Wetland, China

Author:
Qingyu Jia; Wenying Yu; Li Zhou; Chenghua Liang
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
absorption; biomass; carbon dioxide; eddy covariance; emissions; environmental factors; equations; least squares; meteorology; relative humidity; salinity; soil temperature; solar radiation; summer; vegetation; water table; water temperature; wetlands; wind speed; winter; China
Abstract:
... The eddy covariance method was used to study the CO2 budget of the Liaohe Delta reed wetland in northern China during 2012–2015. The changes in environmental factors (including meteorology, vegetation, hydrology, and soil) were analyzed simultaneously. The change in the trend of the CO2 concentration in the reed wetland was similar to global changes over the four years. The a ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9100806

37. Batch Test Screening of Industrial Product/Byproduct Filter Materials for Agricultural Drainage Water Treatment

Author:
Barry J. Allred
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
aluminum; atrazine; byproducts; carbon; clay; coal; combustion; drainage water; environmental impact; iron; nitrates; phosphates; screening; surfactants; water treatment; zeolites
Abstract:
... Filter treatment may be a viable means for removing the nitrate (NO3−), phosphate (PO43−), and pesticides discharged with agricultural drainage waters that cause adverse environmental impacts within the U.S. on local, regional, and national scales. Laboratory batch test screening for agricultural drainage water treatment potential was conducted on 58 industrial product/byprod ...
Handle:
10113/5922760
DOI:
10.3390/w9100791

38. Better-Fitted Probability of Hydraulic Conductivity for a Silty Clay Site and Its Effects on Solute Transport

Author:
Chengpeng Lu; Wei Qin; Gang Zhao; Ying Zhang; Wenpeng Wang
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Monte Carlo method; Weibull statistics; clay; groundwater flow; hydraulic conductivity; lognormal distribution; permeameters; probability; saltwater intrusion; silty clay soils; solutes; China
Abstract:
... The heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity of a subsurface medium is vital to the groundwater flow and solute transport. Probability is efficient for characterizing and quantifying the field characterization of hydraulic conductivity. Compared with sandy mediums, silty clay is paid less attention to due to its low hydraulic conductivity. For long-term solute transport and seawater intrusion, the low ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9070466

39. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Littoral Zone of a Chinese Reservoir

Author:
Meng Yang; John Grace; Xuemeng Geng; Lei Guan; Yamian Zhang; Jialin Lei; Cai Lu; Guangchun Lei
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
arid lands; biomass; carbon; carbon dioxide; ecosystems; environmental impact; floodplains; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; growing season; littoral zone; methane; nitrous oxide; plant growth; spatial variation; temperature; temporal variation
Abstract:
... The continuous increase in the number of reservoirs globally has raised important questions about the environmental impact of their greenhouse gases emissions. In particular, the littoral zone may be a hotspot for production of greenhouse gases. We investigated the spatiotemporal variation of CO2 flux at the littoral zone of a Chinese reservoir along a wet-to-dry transect from permanent ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9070539

40. Challenges to Water Security along the “Emerald Coast”: A Political Ecology of Local Water Governance in Nicaragua

Author:
G. Thomas LaVanchy; Sarah T. Romano; Matthew J. Taylor
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
coasts; drought; ecology; freshwater; governance; groundwater; interviews; issues and policy; meteorological data; politics; rural communities; tourism; water quality; water security; Latin America; Nicaragua
Abstract:
... Despite being a water-rich country, Nicaragua struggles to secure clean water access for many of its residents. In addition to distributional and water quality issues, a prolonged drought affecting all regions of the country has compounded preexisting governance challenges to ensuring rural water needs. This article focuses on a rural community along the southwest Pacific Coast of Tola, Nicaragua, ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9090655

41. Chance-Constrained Dynamic Programming for Multiple Water Resources Allocation Management Associated with Risk-Aversion Analysis: A Case Study of Beijing, China

Author:
Wei Li; Kuo Jiao; Zhe Bao; Yulei Xie; Jiliang Zhen; Guohe Huang; Lingbo Fu
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
case studies; cities; decision making; dynamic programming; financial economics; planning; resource allocation; socioeconomic development; supply balance; uncertainty; urban areas; water allocation; water pollution; water shortages; China
Abstract:
... Water shortage and water pollution have become major problems hindering socio-economic development. Due to the scarcity of water resources, the conflict between water supply and demand is becoming more and more prominent, especially in urban areas. In order to ensure the safety of urban water supply, many cities have begun to build reservoirs. However, few previous studies have focused on the opti ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9080596

42. Changes in Extreme Precipitation: A Case Study in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River in China

Author:
Fengsong Pei; Changjiang Wu; Aixue Qu; Yan Xia; Kun Wang; Yi Zhou
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
atmospheric precipitation; case studies; climate; climate change; hydrologic engineering; lakes; monitoring; monsoon season; summer; topography; water power; China; Yangtze River
Abstract:
... Monitoring extreme climate events is of great importance, mainly due to increasingly severe impacts of extreme climate on nature and humanity. However, the characteristics of extreme climate events, especially extreme precipitation, frequently show complex variations in the context of climate change. Taking the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLR-YR) in China as a case study, extrem ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9120943

43. Changes in Pan Evaporation and Their Attribution to Climate Factors in the Zoige Alpine Wetland, the Eastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau (1969–2014)

Author:
Nana Zhao; Si Gou; Beibei Zhang; Yilei Yu; Songjun Han
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
aerodynamics; air temperature; climatic factors; evaporation; meteorological data; vapor pressure deficit; wetlands; wind speed; China
Abstract:
... Decreases in pan evaporation (Epan) over the last decades have been reported in many regions of the world. In this study, changes of Epan in the Zoige Plateau alpine wetland (hereinafter referred to as “Zoige wetland”) and its peripheral regions from 1969 to 2014 were investigated using the PenPan model based on the long-term meteorological data. The contribution of climate f ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9120971

44. Changes in Phytoplankton and Water Quality during Sustainable Restoration of an Urban Lake Used for Recreation and Water Supply

Author:
Anna Kozak; Ryszard Gołdyn; Renata Dondajewska; Katarzyna Kowalczewska-Madura; Tomasz Holona
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; Chlorophyta; Cyanobacteria; aeration; algae; autumn; chlorophyll; cyanobacterial toxins; eutrophication; groundwater; iron; lakes; orthophosphates; phytoplankton; recreation; rivers; spring; summer; taxonomy; urban areas; water quality; water supply; Poland
Abstract:
... Groundwater intake near Lake Głębokie, situated in the city of Szczecin in Northwestern Poland, resulted in a distinct decrease in the lake water level. Water intake from a river and a neighboring urban area led to eutrophication and a strong cyanobacterial water bloom. Both the water intake and recreation were threatened due to the possible influence of cyanobacterial toxins. The lake was subject ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9090713

45. Changes in Reference Evapotranspiration and Its Contributing Factors in Jiangsu, a Major Economic and Agricultural Province of Eastern China

Author:
Ronghao Chu; Meng Li; Shuanghe Shen; Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam; Wen Cao; Sulin Tao; Ping Gao
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
air temperature; differential equation; evaporation; evapotranspiration; hydrometeorology; meteorological data; planning; solar radiation; spatial variation; summer; vapor pressure; wind speed; winter; China
Abstract:
... Reference evapotranspiration (ETref) is a key parameter of hydro-meteorological studies as well as water resource planning. In this study, we adopted the Penman–Monteith FAO 56 model to estimate ETref and through the differential equation and detrending method to determine sensitivities and the contributions of four meteorological parameters to ETref based on daily ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9070486

46. Changes of Permeability of Nonwoven Geotextiles due to Clogging and Cyclic Water Flow in Laboratory Conditions

Author:
Anna Miszkowska; Stanislav Lenart; Eugeniusz Koda
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
computed tomography; drainage systems; filters; geotextiles; laboratory experimentation; permeability; sand; water flow
Abstract:
... The use of geotextile filters has been a common application in geo-environmental and geotechnical engineering for decades. The purpose of the present paper is to assess the influence of artificial physical clogging and cyclic water flow on the water permeability characteristics of nonwoven geotextiles used commonly in filter and drainage systems. Despite many studies examining the behavior of soil ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9090660

47. Characterisation of Hydrological Response to Rainfall at Multi Spatio-Temporal Scales in Savannas of Semi-Arid Australia

Author:
Ben Jarihani; Roy C. Sidle; Rebecca Bartley; Christian H. Roth; Scott N. Wilkinson
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
arid lands; coral reefs; data collection; ecological function; ecosystems; evapotranspiration; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; nutrients; overland flow; rain; remote sensing; riparian areas; runoff; savannas; sediments; soil water; subsurface flow; temporal variation; watersheds; wet season; Australia; Great Barrier Reef
Abstract:
... Rainfall is the main driver of hydrological processes in dryland environments and characterising the rainfall variability and processes of runoff generation are critical for understanding ecosystem function of catchments. Using remote sensing and in situ data sets, we assess the spatial and temporal variability of the rainfall, rainfall–runoff response, and effects on runoff coefficients of antece ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9070540

48. Characteristics of Bacterial Communities in Cyanobacteria-Blooming Aquaculture Wastewater Influenced by the Phytoremediation with Water Hyacinth

Author:
Qing Zhou; Ting Chen; Shiqun Han
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Acidobacteria; Actinobacteria; Chlorobi; Comamonadaceae; Cyanobacteria; Eichhornia crassipes; Oxalobacteraceae; Planctomycetes; aquaculture; bacterial communities; coliform bacteria; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; human diseases; pathogens; phytoremediation; virulent strains; wastewater; China
Abstract:
... Cyanobacterial blooms often occur in aquaculture wastewater in China. A floating plant, water hyacinth has been widely used to treat this wastewater. Little is known, however, about bacterial community characteristics and the risk of potential pathogens in cyanobacteria-blooming aquaculture wastewater remediated by water hyacinth. In wastewater treated with water hyacinth, we used culture enumerat ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9120956

49. Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in Deep Geothermal Water from Different Burial Depths Based on Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectra

Author:
Weifang Qiao; Xinyi Wang; Xiaoman Liu; Xiaoge Zhen; Jianwei Guo; Shidong Wang; Fang Yang; Guosheng Chen; Bo Zhang
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
absorption; aquifers; dissolved organic carbon; fluorescence; fluorescence emission spectroscopy; groundwater; metabolites; microbial activity
Abstract:
... Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in the chemical evolution of groundwater. Thus, in order to understand the composition and characteristics of DOM in groundwater, analyzed 31geothermal water samples from five aquifers (i.e., between 600 m and 1600 m) in the city of Kaifeng were analyzed and the results were compared in order to clarify their spatial distribution, characterist ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9040266

50. Climate Change Impacts on Flow and Suspended Sediment Yield in Headwaters of High-Latitude Regions—A Case Study in China’s Far Northeast

Author:
Yuyan Zhou; Y. Jun Xu; Weihua Xiao; Jianhua Wang; Ya Huang; Heng Yang
Source:
Water 2017 v.9 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Soil and Water Assessment Tool model; autumn; case studies; climate; climate change; latitude; runoff; sediment yield; soil; spring; summer; suspended sediment; water quality; water resources; watersheds; China
Abstract:
... Climate change is expected to have stronger effects on water resources in higher latitude regions. Despite intensive research on possible hydrological responses in those regions to a warmer environment, our knowledge on erosion and sediment yield induced by the climate change in high-latitude headwaters is still limited. In this study, we estimated suspended sediment yields from 2021 to 2050 in a ...
DOI:
10.3390/w9120966