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You searched for: Journal name Water Remove constraint Journal name: Water Subject term entropy Remove constraint Subject term: entropy
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1. Predicting Discharges in Sewer Pipes Using an Integrated Long Short-Term Memory and Entropy A-TOPSIS Modeling Framework

Author:
Lam Van Nguyen; Hoese Michel Tornyeviadzi; Dieu Tien Bui; Razak Seidu
Source:
Water 2022 v.14 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
data collection; energy; entropy; neural networks; prediction; public health; sewage; wastewater; water; Norway
Abstract:
... Predicting discharges in sewage systems play an essential role in reducing sewer overflows and impacts on the environment and public health. Choosing a suitable model to predict discharges in these systems is essential to realizing these aforementioned goals. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) has been proposed as a robust technique for predicting discharges in wastewater networks. This study explored ...
DOI:
10.3390/w14030300

2. Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherm Study of Basic Red 5 on Synthesized Silica Monolith Particles

Author:
Sultan Alam; Barkat Ullah; Muhammad Sufaid Khan; Najeeb ur Rahman; Luqman Khan; Luqman Ali Shah; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Erkata Yandri; Roy Hendroko Setyobudi; Yahya Jani; Muhammad Zahoor
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.20 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
adsorbents; adsorption; dyes; endothermy; energy; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; enthalpy; entropy; models; oxygen; porosity; silica; silicon; sorption isotherms; surface area; wastewater; water
Abstract:
... The Silica monolith particles (SMP) were prepared from Tetra-Methyl-Ortho-Silicate (TMOS) and characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and surface area analyzer. FTIR analysis showed the Si−O stretching confirming SMP formation. SEM analysis provided information about the mean diameter of SMP (1−5 µm). EDX ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13202803

3. An Integrated Assessment and Factor Analysis of Water Related Environmental Risk to Cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Author:
Xiaolin Cui; Jia Wu; Zhihui Li; Lu Peng; Zhan Shen; Jia Bi
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.16 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
entropy; environmental protection; factor analysis; infrastructure; models; people; risk; risk reduction; river deltas; sustainable development; temporal variation; urbanization; water; water analysis; Yangtze River
Abstract:
... With rapid development of the economy and urbanization, water-related environmental risk in urban areas has increased and hindered social-economic development and ecological protection. The assessment of water-related environmental risk is of vital importance to the sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). This study constructed a comprehensive assessment index system for ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13162140

4. Drought Vulnerability Assessment and Cluster Analysis of Island Areas Taking Korean Island Areas at Eup (Town) and Myeon (Subcounty) Levels as Study Targets

Author:
Intae Shim; Heejin Kim; Bongchang Hong; Jusuk An; Taemun Hwang
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.24 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
climate; cluster analysis; cultivation area; drought; entropy; factor analysis; groundwater; issues and policy; rain; risk assessment; water supply
Abstract:
... The purpose of this study is to conduct drought vulnerability assessment and cluster analysis of Korean island areas at eup (town) myeon (subcounty) level. Drought vulnerability assessment was conducted using factor analysis and entropy method, and cluster analysis was analyzed using K-means, a nonhierarchical cluster analysis method. Vulnerability consisted of climate exposure, sensitivity, and a ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13243657

5. Evaluating the Collaborative Security of Water–Energy–Food in China on the Basis of Symbiotic System Theory

Author:
Xiao Li; Cuishan Liu; Guoqing Wang; Zhenxin Bao; Yanfang Diao; Jing Liu
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
energy; entropy; humans; risk; rivers; society; sustainable development; water; China
Abstract:
... Water, energy, and food are essential resources for humanity. The growing shortages of these resources and serious deterioration of river environments are having a big impact on the sustainable development of the economy and society in China. Water, energy, and food support human life and yet coexist in different ways, and therefore it is critical to find a way for all three key elements to be sec ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13081112

6. Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Author:
Zahid Ullah; Muhammad Afnan Talib; Abdur Rashid; Junaid Ghani; Asfandyar Shahab; Muhammad Irfan; Abdur Rauf; Sami Bawazeer; Zainab M. Almarhoon; Yahia N. Mabkhot
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.23 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
arsenic; calcium; entropy; groundwater; hydrogeochemistry; ion exchange; principal component analysis; water quality; Pakistan
Abstract:
... Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking groundwater is a common environmental problem in Pakistan. Therefore, sixty-one groundwater samples were collected from various groundwater sources in District Sanghar, Sindh province, Pakistan, to understand the geochemical behavior of elevated As in groundwater. Statistical summary showed the cations and anions abundance in decreasing order of Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13233477

7. Land Use and Land Cover Change Assessment in the Context of Flood Hazard in Lagos State, Nigeria

Author:
Dorcas Idowu; Wendy Zhou
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
entropy; land cover; land use and land cover maps; urbanization; water; wetlands; Nigeria
Abstract:
... Incessant flooding is a major hazard in Lagos State, Nigeria, occurring concurrently with increased urbanization and urban expansion rate. Consequently, there is a need for an assessment of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes over time in the context of flood hazard mapping to evaluate the possible causes of flood increment in the State. Four major land cover types (water, wetland, vegetation, ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13081105

8. Preparation of Pd–Ni Nanoparticles Supported on Activated Carbon for Efficient Removal of Basic Blue 3 from Water

Author:
Sultan Alam; Muhammad Sufaid Khan; Ali Umar; Rozina Khattak; Najeeb ur Rahman; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Sergio S. dC Rubin; Makarand Madhao Ghangrekar; Gourav Dhar Bhowmick; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Abbas Khan; Muhammad Zahoor
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Gibbs free energy; X-ray diffraction; activated carbon; adsorbents; adsorption; azo dyes; crystal structure; electron microscopy; elemental composition; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; enthalpy; entropy; ethanol; heat production; kinetics; models; pH; particle size; sodium hydroxide; sorption isotherms; surface area; temperature; water
Abstract:
... Pd–Ni nanoparticles supported on activated carbon (Pd–Ni/AC) were prepared using a phase transfer method. The purpose of synthesizing ternary composites was to enhance the surface area of synthesized Pd–Ni nanoparticles, as they have a low surface area. The resulting composite was characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscop ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13091211

9. Spatial-Temporal Change of Land Use and Its Impact on Water Quality of East-Liao River Basin from 2000 to 2020

Author:
Mingxi Zhang; Guangzhi Rong; Aru Han; Dao Riao; Xingpeng Liu; Jiquan Zhang; Zhijun Tong
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.14 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
entropy; fields; forest land; grasslands; gravity; land use change; nonpoint source pollution; river water; rivers; runoff; surface water; water quality; watersheds
Abstract:
... Land use change is an important driving force factor affecting the river water environment and directly affecting water quality. To analyze the impact of land use change on water quality change, this study first analyzed the land use change index of the study area. Then, the study area was divided into three subzones based on surface runoff. The relationship between the characteristics of land use ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13141955

10. Study on Health Evaluation of an Ecological Irrigation District in Helan County, China

Author:
Qian Zhang; Yanfang Diao; Guiyu Yang; Zhigong Peng; Gang Wang; Peng Zhang; Jieyu Pan
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.23 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
agricultural land; ecology; entropy; environmental health; fuzzy logic; irrigation; irrigation water; modernization; salt content; soil salts; sustainable development; water conservation; water salinity; water table; China; Yellow River
Abstract:
... The construction of ecological irrigation districts is of great significance to protect the Yellow River ecology and achieve sustainable development of the local ecological economy. Taking the ecological irrigation district of Helan County as the study area, a health evaluation index system of the irrigation district was established, including three primary indexes of ecological environment, moder ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13233325

11. A Study on the Friction Factor and Reynolds Number Relationship for Flow in Smooth and Rough Channels

Author:
Yeon-Moon Choo; Jong-Gu Kim; Sang-Ho Park
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Reynolds number; energy; entropy; equations; friction; friction velocity; water
Abstract:
... The shear velocity and friction coefficient for representing the resistance of flow are key factors to determine the flow characteristics of the open-channel flow. Various studies have been conducted in the open-channel flow, but many controversies remain over the form of equation and estimation methods. This is because the equations developed based on theory have not fully interpreted the frictio ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13121714

12. Activated Ailanthusaltissima Sawdust as Adsorbent for Removal of Acid Yellow 29 from Wastewater: Kinetics Approach

Author:
Najeeb ur Rahman; Ihsan Ullah; Sultan Alam; Muhammad Sufaid Khan; Luqman Ali Shah; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Zane Vincevica-Gaile; Yahya Jani; Mohammad Zahoor
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.15 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Ailanthus altissima; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gibbs free energy; adsorbents; adsorption; azo dyes; energy; enthalpy; entropy; heat production; kinetics; models; sawdust; surface area; wastewater; water
Abstract:
... In this study, Ailanthus altissima sawdust was chemically activated and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X rays (EDX), and surface area analyzer. The sawdust was used as an adsorbent for the removal of azo dye; Acid Yellow 29 (AY 29) from wastewater. Different kinetic and equilibrium models were used to calculate the adsorpti ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13152136

13. Adsorption Characteristics and Molecular Simulation of Malachite Green onto Modified Distillers’ Grains

Author:
Chengtao Li; Deyi Kong; Xiaolong Yao; Xiaotao Ma; Chunhui Wei; Hong Wang
Source:
Water 2022 v.14 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
adsorbents; adsorption; endothermy; entropy; equations; kinetics; malachite green; molecular dynamics; sorption isotherms; water; zeta potential
Abstract:
... Adsorbent material was prepared using distillers’ grains (DG), which is a waste product of distilleries. The DG was pre-treated with NaOH and esterification-modified with CS2, which is a commonly used anionic modifier. The structure and morphology of the adsorbent was characterized by FTIR, XRD, EDS, SEM, BET, and zeta potential. The related mechanism of adsorption of malachite green (MG) onto mod ...
DOI:
10.3390/w14020171

14. Discharge Estimation Using Tsallis and Shannon Entropy Theory in Natural Channels

Author:
Jitendra Kumar Vyas; Muthiah Perumal; Tommaso Moramarco
Source:
Water 2020 v.12 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
area; data collection; entropy; estimation; floods; flow; geometry; measurement; monitoring; overland flow; river flow; rivers; stream flow; technology; velocity; water; Italy
Abstract:
... Streamflow measurements during high floods is a challenge for which the World Meteorological Organization fosters the development of innovative technologies for achieving an accurate estimation of the discharge. The use of non-contact sensors for monitoring surface flow velocities is of interest to turn these observed values into a cross-sectional mean flow velocity, and subsequently, into dischar ...
DOI:
10.3390/w12061786

15. Effects of Soil Water Deficit at Different Growth Stages on Maize Growth, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency under Alternate Partial Root-Zone Irrigation

Author:
Minghui Cheng; Haidong Wang; Junliang Fan; Fucang Zhang; Xiukang Wang
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
carotenoids; chlorophyll; corn; deficit irrigation; entropy; field capacity; grain yield; harvest index; irrigation water; rain; root zone drying; seedlings; soil water deficit; water use efficiency
Abstract:
... To investigate the effects of alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI) and water deficit at different growth stages on maize growth, physiological characteristics, the grain yield, and the water use efficiency (WUE), a pot experiment was conducted under a mobile automatic rain shelter. There were two irrigation methods, i.e., conventional irrigation (CI) and APRI; two irrigation levels, i.e., ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13020148

16. Entropy-Based Research on Precipitation Variability in the Source Region of China’s Yellow River

Author:
Henan Gu; Zhongbo Yu; Guofang Li; Jian Luo; Qin Ju; Yan Huang; Xiaolei Fu
Source:
Water 2020 v.12 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
altitude; atmospheric precipitation; basins; climate change; entropy; exhibitions; freeze-thaw cycles; glaciers; humans; hydrologic cycle; latitude; monsoon season; plateaus; research; spatial distribution; supply; topographic slope; variability; water; water budget; wet season; wetlands; China; Yellow River
Abstract:
... The headwater regions in the Tibetan Plateau play an essential role in the hydrological cycle, however the variation characteristics in the long-term precipitation and throughout-the-year apportionment remain ambiguous. To investigate the spatio-temporal variability of precipitation in the source region of the Yellow River (SRYR), different time scale data during 1979–2015 were studied based on Sh ...
DOI:
10.3390/w12092486

17. Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Guiyang City

Author:
Li Ren; Jiachen Gao; Shuping Song; Zhuoman Li; Jianjun Ni
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.16 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
entropy; models; water
Abstract:
... Based on the situation of Guiyang’s water resources, society, economy, ecology, etc., a comprehensive evaluation index system of Guiyang’s water resources carrying capacity is established by selecting appropriate indexes. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy method, an evaluation model of Guiyang’s water resources carrying capacity is constructed. The results showed that t ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13162155

18. Groundwater Quality Evaluation of the Dawu Water Source Area Based on Water Quality Index (WQI): Comparison between Delphi Method and Multivariate Statistical Analysis Method

Author:
Zhizheng Liu; Henghua Zhu; Xiaowei Cui; Wei Wang; Xiaoyu Luan; Lu Chen; Zhaojie Cui; Long Zhang
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Delphi method; arsenic; chromium; electrical conductivity; entropy; groundwater; multivariate analysis; pH; water quality
Abstract:
... Water quality in the Dawu water source area is primarily studied through the traditional water quality assessment method that measures the chemical parameters of water against the existing standards, which is simple but cannot accurately describe the water quality. Although the water quality index (WQI) proposed by Horton is widely used for comprehensive water quality evaluation, parameter selecti ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13081127

19. Risk Assessment of Agricultural Drought Disaster on the Huaibei Plain of China Based on the Improved Connection Number and Entropy Information Diffusion Method

Author:
Menglu Chen; Shaowei Ning; Juliang Jin; Yi Cui; Chengguo Wu; Yuliang Zhou
Source:
Water 2020 v.12 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
algorithms; area; cities; diffusion; drought; dynamics; entropy; frequency; information; irrigation water; models; planting; risk; risk assessment; risk management; China
Abstract:
... In recent years, drought disaster has occurred frequently in China, causing significant agricultural losses. It is increasingly important to assess the risk of agricultural drought disaster (ADD) and to develop a targeted risk management approach. In this study, an ADD risk assessment model was established. First, an improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on an accelerated genetic algorit ...
DOI:
10.3390/w12041089

20. Taxonomic and Functional Responses of Species-Poor Riverine Fish Assemblages to the Interplay of Human-Induced Stressors

Author:
Nicole Colin; Evelyn Habit; Aliro Manosalva; Alberto Maceda-Veiga; Konrad Górski
Source:
Water 2022 v.14 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
entropy; experimental design; fish; functional diversity; pollution; riparian areas; rivers; seasonal variation; species diversity; water; watersheds
Abstract:
... The effects of human-induced stressors on riverine fish assemblages are still poorly understood, especially in species-poor assemblages such as those of temperate South American rivers. In this study we evaluated the effects of human-induced stressors on the taxonomic and functional facets of fish assemblages of two central-southern Chilean rivers: the Biobío River (flow regulated by multiple dams ...
DOI:
10.3390/w14030355

21. The Trend of Permeability of Loess in Yili, China, under Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Its Microscopic Mechanism

Author:
Qianli Lv; Zizhao Zhang; Tiandong Zhang; Ruihua Hao; Zezhou Guo; Xuebang Huang; Jianhua Zhu; Tianchao Liu
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.22 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
entropy; fractal dimensions; freeze-thaw cycles; loess; micropores; microstructure; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; permeability; porosity; probability; soil micromorphology; water; China
Abstract:
... Loess landslides induced by the freeze–thaw effect frequently occur in Yili, China. Freeze–thaw cycles cause indelible changes in the soil microstructure, affecting its permeability. This study investigated the impacts of freeze–thaw cycles on the permeability of Yili loess using permeability tests on undisturbed (virgin, in situ) and remolded loess samples taken before and after freeze–thaw cycle ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13223257

22. Using Remote Sensing and Multivariate Statistics in Analyzing the Relationship between Land Use Pattern and Water Quality in Tien Giang Province, Vietnam

Author:
Nguyen Thanh Giao; Nguyen Van Cong; Huynh Thi Hong Nhien
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
ammonium; aquaculture; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; chlorides; cluster analysis; coliform bacteria; dry season; electrical conductivity; entropy; land use; multivariate analysis; nitrates; nitrites; orthophosphates; oxygen; pH; principal component analysis; rice; spatial data; sulfates; surface water; temperature; total nitrogen; total phosphorus; water quality; Vietnam
Abstract:
... This study was carried out to understand how land use patterns influence surface water quality in Tien Giang Province using remote sensing and statistical approaches. Surface water quality data were collected at 34 locations with the frequency of four times (March, June, September, and November) in 2019. Water quality parameters were used in the analysis, including pH, temperature, electrical cond ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13081093

23. A Case Study of Flood Risk Evaluation Based on Emergy Theory and Cloud Model in Anyang Region, China

Author:
Zening Wu; Yuhai Cui; Yuan Guo
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
case studies; climate; climate change; drainage; emergy; entropy; flood control; models; monsoon season; rain; risk; risk assessment; uncertainty; urbanization; water; China
Abstract:
... With the progression of climate change, the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall have increased in many parts of the world, while the continuous acceleration of urbanization has made cities more vulnerable to floods. In order to effectively estimate and assess the risks brought by flood disasters, this paper proposes a regional flood disaster risk assessment model combining emergy theory an ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13040420

24. A Normal Cloud Model-Based Method for Risk Assessment of Water Inrush and Its Application in a Super-Long Tunnel Constructed by a Tunnel Boring Machine in the Arid Area of Northwest China

Author:
Xin Wang; Kebin Shi; Quan Shi; Hanwei Dong; Ming Chen
Source:
Water 2020 v.12 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
accuracy; algorithms; area; entropy; geology; mathematical theory; models; monitoring; research; risk; risk assessment process; water; weight; China
Abstract:
... Tunnel water inrush is complex, fuzzy, and random, and it is affected by many factors, such as hydrology, geology, and construction. However, few papers have considered the impact of dynamic monitoring on water inrush in previous research. In this study, considering geological, hydrological, and construction factors, as well as dynamic monitoring, a new multi-index evaluation method is proposed to ...
DOI:
10.3390/w12030644

25. Application of a New Improved Weighting Method, ESO Method Combined with Fuzzy Synthetic Method, in Water Quality Evaluation of Chagan Lake

Author:
Wenbin Zhao; Changlai Xiao; Yunxu Chai; Xiaoya Feng; Xiujuan Liang; Zhang Fang
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
entropy; lakes; pollution; time series analysis; water; water quality; wetlands
Abstract:
... The existing weighting methods mainly comprise subjective and objective weighting and have a certain degree of subjectivity, with certain requirements for the professional ability of the users and unstable results. Therefore, an improved weighting method based on the entropy weight, over-standard multiple, and single-factor evaluation methods, referred to as the ESO method, is proposed. The advant ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13101424

26. Block-Greedy and CNN Based Underwater Image Dehazing for Novel Depth Estimation and Optimal Ambient Light

Author:
Fayadh Alenezi; Ammar Armghan; Sachi Nandan Mohanty; Rutvij H. Jhaveri; Prayag Tiwari
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.23 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
algorithms; color; energy; entropy; neural networks; probabilistic models; variance; water
Abstract:
... A lack of adequate consideration of underwater image enhancement gives room for more research into the field. The global background light has not been adequately addressed amid the presence of backscattering. This paper presents a technique based on pixel differences between global and local patches in scene depth estimation. The pixel variance is based on green and red, green and blue, and red an ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13233470

27. Effects of Spur Dikes on Water Flow Diversity and Fish Aggregation

Author:
Tingjie Huang; Yan Lu; Huaixiang Liu
Source:
Water 2019 v.11 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
aggregation behavior; aquatic habitat; entropy; fish; geomorphology; hydraulic flumes; hydroacoustics; hydrodynamics; rivers; stream channels; water flow; Yangtze River
Abstract:
... As a typical waterway modification, the spur dike narrows the water cross section, which increases the flow velocity and flushes the riverbed. Meanwhile, it also protects ecological diversity and improves river habitat. Different types of spur dikes could greatly impact the interaction between flow structure and local geomorphology, which in turn affects the evolution of river aquatic habitats. Fo ...
DOI:
10.3390/w11091822

28. Groundwater Quality and Potential Human Health Risk Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes: A Case Study in the Semiarid Region of North China

Author:
Feifei Chen; Leihua Yao; Gang Mei; Yinsheng Shang; Fansheng Xiong; Zhenbin Ding
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
basins; case studies; entropy; groundwater; groundwater contamination; health effects assessments; human health; humans; hydrochemistry; irrigation; public health; salinity; semiarid zones; sodium; sodium adsorption ratio; sodium carbonate; statistical analysis; water quality; China
Abstract:
... Groundwater is a valuable water source for drinking and irrigation purposes in semiarid regions. Groundwater pollution may affect human health if it is not pretreated and provided for human use. This study investigated the hydrochemical characteristics driving groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes and potential human health risks in the Xinzhou Basin, Shanxi Province, North Chin ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13060783

29. Growth and Collapse Dynamics of a Vapor Bubble near or at a Wall

Author:
Huigang Wang; Chengyu Zhang; Hongbing Xiong
Source:
Water 2020 v.13 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
energy conversion; entropy; hydrodynamics; liquids; temperature; van der Waals forces; vapors; water
Abstract:
... This study investigated the dynamics of vapor bubble growth and collapse for a laser-induced bubble. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was utilized, considering the liquid and vapor phases as the van der Waals (VDW) fluid and the solid wall as a boundary. We compared our numerical results with analytical solutions of bubble density distribution and radius curve slope near a wall and ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13010012

30. Hydrological Similarity-Based Parameter Regionalization under Different Climate and Underlying Surfaces in Ungauged Basins

Author:
Huaijun Wang; Lei Cao; Ru Feng
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.18 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
basins; climatic factors; entropy; hydrologic models; prediction; principal component analysis; regression analysis; runoff; snowmelt; spring; temperature; watersheds
Abstract:
... Hydrological similarity-based parameter regionalization is the dominant method used for runoff prediction in ungauged basin. However, the application of this approach depends on assessing hydrological similarity between basins. This study used data for runoff, climate, and the underlying surface of the Hulan River Basin and Poyang Lake Basin to construct a novel physical hydrological similarity in ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13182508

31. Information Entropy for Evaluation of Wastewater Composition

Author:
Petr Praus
Source:
Water 2020 v.12 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
ammonium; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; cyanides; entropy; information; models; multivariate analysis; normal distribution; pH; phenol; phosphates; sampling; total nitrogen; total phosphorus; total suspended solids; wastewater; water
Abstract:
... The composition of wastewaters collected during one year was evaluated based on the Shannon information entropy. Eleven physico-chemical parameters, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved salts (TDS), pH, ammonium, phosphate, cyanide and phenol, were determined for their characterizati ...
DOI:
10.3390/w12041095

32. Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Different GIS-Based Bivariate Models

Author:
Ebrahim Nohani; Meisam Moharrami; Samira Sharafi; Khabat Khosravi; Biswajeet Pradhan; Binh Thai Pham; Saro Lee; Assefa M. Melesse
Source:
Water 2019 v.11 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
aerial photography; databases; decision making; entropy; land use; landslides; models; normalized difference vegetation index; prediction; risk; rivers; surveys; watersheds; Iran
Abstract:
... Landslides are the most frequent phenomenon in the northern part of Iran, which cause considerable financial and life damages every year. One of the most widely used approaches to reduce these damages is preparing a landslide susceptibility map (LSM) using suitable methods and selecting the proper conditioning factors. The current study is aimed at comparing four bivariate models, namely the frequ ...
DOI:
10.3390/w11071402

33. Multiscale Complexity Analysis of Rainfall in Northeast Brazil

Author:
Antonio Samuel Alves da Silva; Ikaro Daniel de Carvalho Barreto; Moacyr Cunha-Filho; Rômulo Simões Cezar Menezes; Borko Stosic; Tatijana Stosic
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.22 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
entropy; mathematical theory; rain; time series analysis; water; Brazil
Abstract:
... In this work, we analyze the complexity of monthly rainfall temporal series recorded from 1962 to 2012, at 133 gauge stations in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. To this end, we employ the modified multiscale entropy method (MMSE), which is well suited for short time series, to analyze the rainfall regularity across a wide range of temporal scales, from one month to one year. We ident ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13223213

34. Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Water Treated under Nitrogen with Low-Temperature Glow Plasma

Author:
Jarosław Chwastowski; Katarzyna Ciesielska; Wojciech Ciesielski; Karen Khachatryan; Henryk Kołoczek; Damian Kulawik; Zdzisław Oszczęda; Piotr Tomasik; Mariusz Witczak
Source:
Water 2020 v.12 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
air; electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; entropy; nitrogen; pH; surface tension; water
Abstract:
... Water treated with low-temperature, low-pressure glow plasma (GP) in contact with air stimulates various microorganisms, the growth of various plants and provides healthy breeding of various animals. In this paper, we present water treated with GP under oxygen-free nitrogen. It is potentially suitable for breeding anaerobic microorganisms, and increasing the crops of plants utilizing atmospheric n ...
DOI:
10.3390/w12051314

35. Synthesis and Characterization of Pd-Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticles as Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Acid Orange 8 Present in Wastewater

Author:
Ali Umar; Muhammad Sufaid Khan; Sultan Alam; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs; Steven S. dC Rubin; Gourav Dhar Bhowmick; Anna Kallistova; Nikolai Pimenov; Muhammad Zahoor
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Gibbs free energy; X-ray diffraction; adsorbents; adsorption; alloys; azo dyes; carbon; ceric oxide; electron microscopy; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; enthalpy; entropy; heat production; models; sorption isotherms; wastewater; water
Abstract:
... In this study palladium-nickel (Pd-Ni) nanoparticles supported on carbon and cerium oxide (Pd-Ni/AC-CeO₂) were synthesized by a transfer phase method and characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The XRD and SEM data concluded the presence of alloy formation between Pd and Ni. The synthesized particles were used ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13081095

36. Temporal Variation of Water Environment Carrying Capacity in a Highly Urbanized Region of China

Author:
Zhiqing Xu; Shuhu Xiao; Cong Du; Qiyu Deng; Bingfei Yan; Zhiwen Zeng; Xueyu Liu
Source:
Water 2020 v.12 no.12 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
case studies; energy; entropy; population density; population growth; sustainable development; temporal variation; urbanization; water; China
Abstract:
... China has experienced an unparalleled urbanization process in recent decades, which has dramatically changed the water environment. Quantification of the water environment carrying capacity (WECC) is crucial given its importance to sustainable development. Existing studies have typically focused on the overall WECC system and lacked analysis of its internal features. In this study, the concepts, c ...
DOI:
10.3390/w12123362

37. Uncertain Analysis of Fuzzy Evaluation Model for Water Resources Carrying Capacity: A Case Study in Zanhuang County, North China Plain

Author:
Yinxin Ge; Jin Wu; Dasheng Zhang; Ruitao Jia; Haotian Yang
Source:
Water 2021 v.13 no.20 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
case studies; data quality; entropy; models; quality control; socioeconomics; sustainable development; uncertainty; water; China
Abstract:
... The scientific and accurate evaluation of water resources carrying capacity has good social, environmental and resource benefits. Reasonable selection of evaluation parameters is the key step to realize efficient and sustainable development of water resources. Taking Zanhuang County in the North China Plain as the research area, this study selected fuzzy comprehensive evaluation models with differ ...
DOI:
10.3390/w13202804

38. A Compound Approach for Monthly Runoff Forecasting Based on Multiscale Analysis and Deep Network with Sequential Structure

Author:
Shi Chen; Shuning Dong; Zhiguo Cao; Junting Guo
Source:
Water 2020 v.12 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
degradation; entropy; humans; models; prediction; runoff
Abstract:
... Accurate runoff forecasting is of great significance for the optimization of water resource management and regulation. Given such a challenge, a novel compound approach combining time-varying filtering-based empirical mode decomposition (TVFEMD), sample entropy (SE)-based subseries recombination, and the newly developed deep sequential structure incorporating convolutional neural network (CNN) int ...
DOI:
10.3390/w12082274

39. Adsorption of As(V) by the Novel and Efficient Adsorbent Cerium-Manganese Modified Biochar

Author:
Ting Liang; Lianfang Li; Changxiong Zhu; Xue Liu; Hongna Li; Qianqian Su; Jing Ye; Bing Geng; Yunlong Tian; Muhammad Fahad Sardar; Xiaoya Huang; Feng Li
Source:
Water 2020 v.12 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gibbs free energy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; adsorbents; adsorption; arsenic; biochar; cerium; dosage; electrostatic interactions; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; enthalpy; entropy; environment; forces; kinetics; manganese monoxide; pH; redox reactions; remediation; scanning electron microscopy; sorption isotherms; water; water pollution; wheat
Abstract:
... Arsenic has become a global concern in water environment, and it is essential to develop efficient remediation methods. In this study, a novel adsorbent by loading cerium and manganese oxide onto wheat straw-modified biochar (MBC) was manufactured successfully aiming to remove arsenic from polluted water. Through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diff ...
DOI:
10.3390/w12102720

40. Application of Set Pair Analysis in a Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Resource Assets: A Case Study of Wuhan City, China

Author:
Jingdong Zhang; Yanan Li; Chaoyang Liu; Zhiguang Qu; Fei Li; Zhaofei Yang; Luping Jiang; Jiatian Fu
Source:
Water 2019 v.11 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
case studies; entropy; environmental protection; models; sustainable development; uncertainty; water pollution; water quality; water shortages; China
Abstract:
... With the rapid development of the social economy, China is suffering from severe water scarcity due to improper management. Evaluation of water resource value is a crucial issue for innovative management in regional water resources. In this paper, in consideration of the complexity and uncertainty of water resources, 15 indicators were selected to establish the assessment system for its value in W ...
DOI:
10.3390/w11081718

41. Comparison and Analysis of Different Discrete Methods and Entropy-Based Methods in Rain Gauge Network Design

Author:
Yanyan Huang; Hongli Zhao; Yunzhong Jiang; Xin Lu; Zhen Hao; Hao Duan
Source:
Water 2019 v.11 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
algorithms; entropy; meteorological data; monitoring; probability; rain gauges; water resources; wet season
Abstract:
... A reasonable rain gauge network layout can provide accurate regional rainfall data and effectively support the monitoring, development and utilization of water resources. Currently, an increasing number of network design methods based on entropy targets are being applied to network design. The discretization of data is a common method of obtaining the probability in calculations of information ent ...
DOI:
10.3390/w11071357

42. Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Resource Security: Case Study from Luoyang City, China

Author:
Guanghua Dong; Juqin Shen; Yizhen Jia; Fuhua Sun
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
case studies; entropy; models; socioeconomic development; water management; water resources; China
Abstract:
... The security of water resources is the core content and ultimate goal of urban water resource management agencies. The management of water resources is directly related to the needs of urban residents’ lives and the area’s socio-economic development. How to determine the effective evaluation indicators and methods is an important prerequisite to solving the water resource security prob ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10081106

43. Dip Phenomenon in High-Curved Turbulent Flows and Application of Entropy Theory

Author:
Donatella Termini; Tommaso Moramarco
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
anisotropy; entropy; models; turbulent flow
Abstract:
... The estimation of velocity profile in turbulent open channels is a difficult task due to the significant effects of the secondary flow. The present paper investigates the mechanism of the velocity-dip phenomenon, whereby the location of the maximum velocity appears to be below the free surface. Previous studies conducted in straight channels relate the mechanism of the velocity-dip phenomenon to s ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10030306

44. Effective Removal of Lead Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Nano Illite/Smectite Clay: Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Modeling of Adsorption

Author:
Juan Yin; Chaobing Deng; Zhen Yu; Xiaofei Wang; Guiping Xu
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gibbs free energy; X-ray diffraction; adsorption; aqueous solutions; clay; endothermy; enthalpy; entropy; illite; ions; kinetics; lead; montmorillonite; pH; scanning electron microscopy; smectite; sorption isotherms; temperature; thermodynamic models
Abstract:
... Illite-smectite clay is a new mixed mineral of illite and montmorillonite. The ability of nano illite/smectite clay to remove Pb(II) from slightly polluted aqueous solutions has been investigated. The effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration of Pb(II), nano illite/smectite clay dosage, and temperature on the adsorption process were studied. The nano illite/smectite clay was characterized ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10020210

45. GIS-Based Random Forest Weight for Rainfall-Induced Landslide Susceptibility Assessment at a Humid Region in Southern China

Author:
Peng Wang; Xiaoyan Bai; Xiaoqing Wu; Haijun Yu; Yanru Hao; Bill X. Hu
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
available water capacity; basins; case studies; entropy; humid zones; landslides; models; normalized difference vegetation index; runoff; watersheds; China
Abstract:
... Landslide susceptibility assessment is presently considered an effective tool for landslide warning and forecasting. Under the assessment procedure, a credible index weight can greatly increase the rationality of the assessment result. Using the Beijiang River Basin, China, as a case study, this paper proposes a new weight-determining method based on random forest (RF) and used the weighted linear ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10081019

46. Multi-Dimensional Interval Number Decision Model Based on Mahalanobis-Taguchi System with Grey Entropy Method and Its Application in Reservoir Operation Scheme Selection

Author:
Changming Ji; Xiaoqing Liang; Yang Peng; Yanke Zhang; Xiaoran Yan; Jiajie Wu
Source:
Water 2020 v.12 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
acceptable risk; accuracy; correlation; decision making; decision support systems; design; entropy; information; models; signal-to-noise ratio; sorting; testing; validity; water
Abstract:
... In decision-making with interval numbers, there are problems such as how to reduce the loss of decision information to improve decision accuracy and the difficulty of using interval numbers for sorting. On the basis of fully considering the subjective and objective weights of indexes, the grey entropy method (GEM) is improved by taking advantage of the Mahalanobis-Taguchi System (MTS) in which the ...
DOI:
10.3390/w12030685

47. Use of Heavy Metal Content and Modified Water Quality Index to Assess Groundwater Quality in a Semiarid Area

Author:
Ehsan Kamali Maskooni; Mehran Naseri-Rad; Ronny Berndtsson; Kei Nakagawa
Source:
Water 2020 v.12 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
World Health Organization; calcium; drinking; entropy; groundwater; heavy metals; human health; irrigation; managers; oxygen; pH; pollutants; pollution; risk; sampling; semiarid zones; water quality; water supply; wells
Abstract:
... Groundwater is a major source of drinking and agricultural water supply in arid and semiarid regions. Poor groundwater quality can be a threat to human health especially when it is combined with hazardous pollutants like heavy metals. In this study, an innovative method involving entropy weighted groundwater quality index for both physicochemical and heavy metal content was used for a semiarid reg ...
DOI:
10.3390/w12041115

48. Water Security Assessment of China’s One Belt and One Road Region

Author:
Zhaofang Zhang; Weijun He; Min An; Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu; Liang Yuan; Juqin Shen; Zaiyi Liao; Xia Wu
Source:
Water 2019 v.11 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
capital; carrying capacity; case studies; entropy; models; sustainable development; water security; water use efficiency; water utilization; China
Abstract:
... The sustainable development of socioeconomic and environmental systems are highly dependent on water capital and water utilization efficiency. Nowadays, a significant portion of the world is facing water security issues due to a combination of various factors. As a result, socioeconomic and environmental systems are threatened. China is also currently experiencing problems. Water security assessme ...
DOI:
10.3390/w11030607

49. Calculation of Water Resource Value in Nanjing Based on a Fuzzy Mathematical Model

Author:
Yizhen Jia; Juqin Shen; Han Wang
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
entropy; income; mathematical models; mathematics; prices; socioeconomic status; sustainable development; uncertainty; water quality; water resources; water use efficiency
Abstract:
... In view of the complexity and uncertainty of water resources, this paper chooses an evaluation index system of 13 indicators based on the fuzzy mathematics model in three aspects: water resources, water quality and socioeconomic status. The entropy method was used to determine the weight of the index, and the water resource value of Nanjing in 2011–2015 was dynamically evaluated. The results ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10070920

50. Cloud-Model-Based Method for Risk Assessment of Mountain Torrent Disasters

Author:
Shengmei Yang; Xianquan Han; Bo Cao; Bo Li; Fei Yan
Source:
Water 2018 v.10 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
basins; disasters; entropy; floods; fuzzy logic; guidelines; information science; landscapes; mountains; multi-criteria decision making; risk assessment; risk management; uncertainty
Abstract:
... Mountain torrent disasters are common natural hazards that occur in mountainous terrains. The risk assessment of mountain torrent disasters entails a multi-criteria decision-making process and involves a transformation between qualitative and quantitative uncertainties. By incorporating probability statistics and fuzzy set theories, cloud model derived from information science, can aid the require ...
DOI:
10.3390/w10070830