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Weed science
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7998-2002
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2002 v.50 no.3
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- Author:
- Askew Shawn D.; Wilcut John W.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 293-298
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- Arachis hypogaea; Datura stramonium; Gossypium hirsutum; Senna obtusifolia; absorption; cotton; foliar application; half life; herbicides; leaves; meristems; metabolism; metabolites; peanuts; sodium; weeds
- Abstract:
- ... Studies were conducted to evaluate absorption, translocation, and metabolism of ¹⁴C-CGA 362622 when foliar applied to cotton, peanut, jimsonweed, and sicklepod. Differential metabolism is the basis for tolerance in cotton and jimsonweed. In addition, cotton absorbs less herbicide compared with the other three species, thus aiding in tolerance. Only jimsonweed translocated appreciable herbicide (25 ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0293:ATAMOF]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0293:ATAMOF]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Cumming John P.; Doyle Richard B.; Brown Philip H.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 405-409
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- clay; clomazone; crops; desorption; equations; field experimentation; half life; hysteresis; sand; silt; soil types; weed science
- Abstract:
- ... Clomazone dissipation was examined in four soils in field experiments. Field half-lives were 6 to 59 d (average of four field sites was 35 d) for ferrosol (clay loam), kurosol (loamy sand), sodosol (silt loam), and vertosol (light clay). The Hoerl equation provided a better fit to the measured field concentration at all four sites than did a first-order equation. The order of clomazone dissipation ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0405:CDIFTT]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0405:CDIFTT]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Amador-Ramirez Mario D.; Wilson Robert G.; Martin Alex R.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 370-377
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale; Phaseolus vulgaris; Solanum physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum; Solanum sarrachoides; canopy; disturbed soils; dry beans; equations; ethalfluralin; field experimentation; growing season; heat sums; hoeing; in-row tillage; seedling emergence; seedlings; weeds
- Abstract:
- ... Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to evaluate the effect of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbamothioate) plus ethalfluralin at 2.4 plus 0.83 kg ai ha⁻⁻¹, rotary hoeing, in-row cultivation, rotary hoeing plus in-row cultivation, and dry bean canopy on weed seedling emergence. Cumulative weed emergence in 1996 and 1997 was similar in cropped and noncropped areas. Herbicides were more effec ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0370:EOIRCH]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0370:EOIRCH]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Hirase Kangetsu; Molin William T.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 386-391
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- seed germination; interspecific variation; seedling growth; application timing; phytotoxicity; Gossypium hirsutum; Oryza sativa; herbicides; plant characteristics; height; plant density; Sesbania exaltata; application rate; metabolites
- Abstract:
- ... The effects of MT-101 and its herbicidally active form, NOP, on the germination and seedling growth of hemp sesbania and rice were investigated. MT-101 decreased the germination of hemp sesbania by 57 and 90%% at 0.05 and 0.5 mM, respectively, 1 d after treatment (DAT) in petri dishes. The germination, however, recovered such that there was no significant difference between treatments 4 to 6 DAT. ...
- Handle:
- 10113/14485
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0386:EOMANO]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0386:EOMANO]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Murphy Cheryl A.; Lindquist John L.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 364-369
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- Abutilon theophrasti; Zea mays; application rate; corn; crop yield; dicamba; field experimentation; flumiclorac; halosulfuron; integrated weed management; leaf area index; leaves; mechanism of action; mortality; pesticide application; postemergent weed control; weeds
- Abstract:
- ... Knowledge of how reduction in the rate of herbicide application or rotation of their mode of action influences weed growth will provide insight into how successful these practices will be in an integrated weed management program. Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to quantify velvetleaf growth response to three postemergence herbicides, each with a different mode of action. A monocu ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0364:GROVTT]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0364:GROVTT]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Williams Bill J.; Harvey R. Gordon
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 340-343
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- Glycine max; Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale; Zea mays; buried seeds; corn; field experimentation; seed dispersal; soil; soybeans; spring; weed science
- Abstract:
- ... A field experiment was conducted between 1988 and 1993 to determine the number of wild-proso millet seed that could be returned to the soil without increasing future soil seed bank populations. The first seed bank (1988) was 15,300 seed m⁻⁻² and ranged from 14,000 to 21,000 seed m⁻⁻², which represented a high seed population for the area. Seed rain treatments of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48%% of the 19 ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0340:IOSSRO]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0340:IOSSRO]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Patzoldt William L.; Tranel Patrick J.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 299-305
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- Ambrosia trifida; Arabidopsis thaliana; DNA; acetolactate synthase; alleles; amino acid substitution; chlorimuron; cloransulam; commercialization; cross resistance; imazethapyr; leaves; leucine; tryptophan; weed science; Indiana
- Abstract:
- ... A population of giant ragweed not controlled by cloransulam was identified near Seymour, IN, during the first year of that herbicide's commercialization in 1998. Results from acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity assays performed by Dow AgroSciences showed that resistance was caused by an altered ALS. Studies were conducted to define more precisely the molecular basis of resistance and to determine ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0299:MAOCRI]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0299:MAOCRI]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Askew Shawn D.; Wilcut John W.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 357-363
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- Gossypium hirsutum; Persicaria lapathifolia; biomass; cotton; fruits; models; plant growth; planting; weeds; North Carolina
- Abstract:
- ... Field studies were conducted at two North Carolina locations to determine the effect of interference between pale smartweed and cotton on plant growth and productivity. Pale smartweed remained shorter than cotton until at least 70 d after cotton planting. However, pale smartweed grew over twice as tall as cotton and produced considerable dry biomass by cotton harvest. Pale smartweed biomass per pl ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0357:PSIAAP]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0357:PSIAAP]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Askew Shawn D.; Wilcut John W.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 350-356
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- plant growth; fruits; lint cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; ferns and fern allies; Persicaria pensylvanica; planting; weeds; biomass; lint yield; Pennsylvania
- Abstract:
- ... Studies were conducted to determine the effect of interference between Pennsylvania smartweed and cotton on plant growth and productivity. Pennsylvania smartweed remained shorter than cotton until at least 80 d after cotton planting. However, Pennsylvania smartweed produced considerable dry biomass by cotton harvest. Pennsylvania smartweed biomass per plant was not affected by weed density when gr ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0350:PSIAAP]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0350:PSIAAP]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Murray Bruce G.; Morrison Ian N.; Friesen Lyle F.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 321-325
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- Avena fatua; Linum usitatissimum; Triticum aestivum; acetyl-CoA carboxylase; crops; evolution; field experimentation; flax; gene flow; herbicide resistance; hills; homozygosity; hybrids; oats; outcrossing; planting; pollen; progeny; screening; seeds; sethoxydim; spring wheat; viability; weed science
- Abstract:
- ... Two separate field experiments were conducted to quantify the degree of plant-to-plant outcrossing and pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) in wild oat. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which pollen movement could contribute to the spread of herbicide resistance in this species. In both experiments, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor––resistant (R) wild oat genotype (UM1) was u ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0321:PMGFIW]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0321:PMGFIW]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Poston Daniel H.; Hirata Cecilia Mucha; Wilson Henry P.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 306-311
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- Amaranthus hybridus; acetolactate synthase; chlorimuron; cross resistance; data collection; enzyme activity; greenhouses; imazethapyr; pyrithiobac; regression analysis; thifensulfuron; weed science
- Abstract:
- ... As a follow-up to greenhouse studies, acetolactate synthase (ALS) (EC 4.1.3.18) was extracted from one imidazolinone (IMI)-susceptible (S) and three IMI-resistant (R1, R2, and R3) smooth pigweed populations, and activity was assayed in the presence of imazethapyr, chlorimuron, thifensulfuron, and pyrithiobac. ALS inhibitor concentrations, required to reduce enzyme activity by a specified percentag ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0306:ROASFI]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0306:ROASFI]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Oswald Andreas; Ransom Joel K.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 392-396
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- Striga hermonthica; Zea mays; biomass; corn; direct seeding; field experimentation; grain yield; harvest index; parasitism; seedlings; weed science
- Abstract:
- ... Striga hermonthica reduces cereal yields in large areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Recent research has shown that transplanting maize seedlings that are more than 15 d old reduced Striga emergence and improved crop yields. Field experiments were conducted in 1998 and 1999 to determine whether maize varieties with different maturity periods and susceptibility to Striga parasitism respond similarly to t ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0392:ROMVTT]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0392:ROMVTT]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Xue Qingwu; Stougaard Robert N.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 312-320
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- Avena fatua; Triticum aestivum; biomass; crop yield; cropping systems; herbicides; inflorescences; oats; profits and margins; sowing; spring wheat; weed science
- Abstract:
- ... Wild oat continues to reduce spring wheat yields and profits despite the wide spread use of herbicides. Further reductions in the occurrence of wild oat could be achieved with the development of competitive cropping systems. Field studies were conducted to investigate the effects of wheat seed size and seeding rate on wild oat demographic processes under a range of wild oat densities. Spring wheat ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0312:SWSSAS]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0312:SWSSAS]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Buhler Douglas D.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 273-280
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- control methods; cropping systems; economic impact; herbicide-resistant weeds; herbicides; integrated weed management; scientists; systems engineering
- Abstract:
- ... Despite several decades of modern weed control practices, weeds continue to be a constant threat to agricultural productivity. Herbicide-resistant weeds and weed population shifts continue to generate new challenges for agriculture. Because of weed community complexity, integrated approaches to weed management may help reduce economic effects and improve weed control practices. Integrated weed man ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0273:AIAAOF]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0273:AIAAOF]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Gronwald John W.; Plaisance Kathryn L.; Ide Donald A.; Wyse Donald L.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 397-404
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- Cirsium arvense; Glycine max; Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis; biological control agents; biological control; field experimentation; chlorophyll; leaves; shoots; application rate; application timing; Minnesota
- Abstract:
- ... Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted to assess the potential of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (Pst) as a biocontrol agent for Canada thistle. Silwet L-77, an organosilicone surfactant, was required to facilitate Pst penetration into Canada thistle leaves. Growth chamber experiments indicated that maximum Pst populations inside leaves were obtained with a Silwet L-77 concentration ...
- Handle:
- 10113/14486
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0397:AOPSPT]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0397:AOPSPT]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Clewis Scott B.; Askew Shawn D.; Wilcut John W.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 378-385
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- Arachis hypogaea; Chenopodium album; Cyperus esculentus; Eclipta prostrata; Ipomoea; Sida spinosa; acifluorfen; bentazon; clethodim; conventional tillage; crop yield; cultivars; diclosulam; dimethenamid; economic analysis; flumioxazin; grasses; management systems; peanuts; weed control; weeds; North Carolina
- Abstract:
- ... Experiments were conducted in Lewiston, NC, in 1999 and 2000 and Rocky Mount, NC, in 1999 to evaluate weed management systems in strip- and conventional-tillage peanut. The peanut cultivars grown were ‘‘NC 10C’’, ‘‘NC 12C’’, and ‘‘NC 7’’, respectively. Weed management systems consisted of different combinations of preemergence (PRE) herbicides including diclosulam and flumioxazin plus commercial p ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0378:EAODAF]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0378:EAODAF]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Gealy David R.; Tai Thomas H.; Sneller Clay H.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 333-339
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- Oryza sativa; hybridization; genetic markers; microsatellite repeats; outcrossing; genetic variation; cultivars
- Abstract:
- ... Red rice is a major weed in rice production in the southern United States. Red rice and rice intercross because they are the same species. Our objectives were to determine the genetic diversity represented by accessions of red rice and to identify DNA markers that might be useful in identifying hybrids between red and cultivated rice. Red rice accessions were collected from Arkansas and other rice ...
- Handle:
- 10113/14298
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0333:IORRRA]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0333:IORRRA]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Blackshaw Robert E.; Lemerle Deirdre; Mailer Rodney; Young Ken R.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 344-349
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- Brassica napus; Raphanus raphanistrum; annual weeds; canola; crop yield; development aid; erucic acid; field experimentation; glucosinolates; growers; radishes; New South Wales
- Abstract:
- ... Wild radish is a prevalent annual weed throughout the cropping regions of southern Australia. Field experiments were conducted at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, in 1998 and 1999 to determine the effect of various densities and emergence times of wild radish on yield and quality of canola and on wild radish seed production. As few as 4 wild radish m⁻⁻² emerging with canola reduced canola yield 9 to ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0344:IOWROY]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0344:IOWROY]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Askew Shawn D.; Wilcut John W.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 326-332
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- plant growth; lint cotton; Gossypium hirsutum; models; plant density; Persicaria maculosa; planting; weeds; biomass; lint yield
- Abstract:
- ... Studies were conducted to determine the effect of interference between ladysthumb and cotton on plant growth and productivity. Ladysthumb remained shorter than cotton until at least 70 d after cotton planting. However, ladysthumb grew over twice as tall as cotton and, depending on plant density, produced between 179 and 681 g dry biomass per plant by cotton harvest. Ladysthumb biomass per plant wa ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0326:LIASPI]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0326:LIASPI]2.0.CO;2
- Author:
- Kenkel N. C.; Derksen D. A.; Thomas A. G.; Watson P. R.
- Source:
- Weed science 2002 v.50 no.3 pp. 281-292
- ISSN:
- 0043-1745
- Subject:
- data collection; discriminant analysis; models; multivariate analysis; soil; weeds
- Abstract:
- ... Data containing many variables are often collected in weed science research, but until recently few weed scientists have used multivariate statistical methods to examine such data. Multivariate analysis can be used for both descriptive and predictive modeling. This paper provides an intuitive geometric introduction to the more commonly used and relevant multivariate methods in weed science researc ...
- DOI:
- 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0281:RMAIWS]2.0.CO;2
- https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0281:RMAIWS]2.0.CO;2