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1. A metropolitan scale analysis of the impacts of future electricity mix alternatives on the water-energy nexus

Author:
Mounir, Adil; Mascaro, Giuseppe; White, Dave D.
Source:
Applied energy 2019 v.256 pp. 113870
ISSN:
0306-2619
Subject:
carbon dioxide; climate; electricity; electricity generation; fossil fuels; greenhouse gas emissions; heat; operating costs; planning; population growth; renewable energy sources; stakeholders; sustainable technology; Arizona
Abstract:
... Current population and climate trends are increasing the need to adopt holistic approaches for managing water and energy systems, especially in water-limited regions like the Southwestern U.S. In this study, we quantify the implications of future energy mix alternatives on the water-energy nexus in the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan region using the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) pl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113870

2. Ecosystem hydrologic and metabolic flashiness are shaped by plant community traits and precipitation

Author:
Potts, Daniel L.; Barron-Gafford, Greg A.; Scott, Russell L.
Source:
Agricultural and forest meteorology 2019 v.279 pp. 107674
ISSN:
0168-1923
Subject:
arid lands; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; community structure; ecosystem respiration; ecosystems; evapotranspiration; grasslands; gross primary productivity; hydrograph; plant communities; prediction; rain; rooting; savannas; shrublands; storms; streams; summer; time series analysis; Arizona
Abstract:
... Understanding the hydrologic and carbon cycling consequences of precipitation variability in dryland ecosystems requires improved appreciation and accounting of how above- and belowground biophysical processes differ in their response to rainfall. Our objective was to contrast the sensitivity of dryland ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), and ecosystem respiratio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107674

3. Testing an energy exchange and microclimate cooling hypothesis for the effect of vegetation configuration on urban heat

Author:
Yan, Jingli; Zhou, Weiqi; Jenerette, G. Darrel
Source:
Agricultural and forest meteorology 2019 v.279 pp. 107666
ISSN:
0168-1923
Subject:
cities; cooling; energy transfer; grasses; heat; land cover; landscapes; metropolitan areas; microclimate; prediction; remote sensing; surface temperature; trees; vegetation; Arizona
Abstract:
... While an effect of urban vegetation configuration on land surface temperature (LST) has been identified worldwide, the mechanism underlying configuration-LST relationships remains unclear as most urban LST data only resolve to neighborhood scales. Here we ask: does urban vegetation provide more cooling arranged in fewer and larger patches or more numerous but smaller patches in the Phoenix metropo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107666

4. Anderson and Shushan: Lichens of Western North America Fascicle VII

Author:
L. St. Clair, Larry; Leavitt, Steven D.
Source:
Evansia 2019 v.36 no.2 pp. 24-29
ISSN:
2330-9148
Subject:
lichens; Alaska; Arizona; California; Colorado; Idaho; Montana; Nevada; New Mexico; Utah
Abstract:
... Twenty-five North American lichens are issued in this exsiccat series, numbers 151-175. In this fascicle, collections were made from nine states, including: Alaska (1), Arizona (3), California (2), Colorado (6), Idaho (1), Montana (4), Nevada (2), New Mexico (4), and Utah (2). Here, Thamnolia subuliformis (Ehrh.) W. L. Culb. (No. 173) is reported as a new species record for Utah. ...
DOI:
10.1639/0747-9859-36.2.24

5. Exploiting OMI NO2 satellite observations to infer fossil-fuel CO2 emissions from U.S. megacities

Author:
Goldberg, Daniel L.; Lu, Zifeng; Oda, Tomohiro; Lamsal, Lok N.; Liu, Fei; Griffin, Debora; McLinden, Chris A.; Krotkov, Nickolay A.; Duncan, Bryan N.; Streets, David G.
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019 v.695 pp. 133805
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
carbon dioxide; cities; fossil fuels; greenhouse gas emissions; issues and policy; monitoring; nitrogen dioxide; ozone; remote sensing; satellites; statistical models; uncertainty; Arizona; California; Illinois; New York; Texas
Abstract:
... Fossil-fuel CO2 emissions and their trends in eight U.S. megacities during 2006–2017 are inferred by combining satellite-derived NOX emissions with bottom-up city-specific NOX-to-CO2 emission ratios. A statistical model is fit to a collection NO2 plumes observed from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and is used to calculate top-down NOX emissions. Decreases in OMI-derived NOX emissions are o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133805

6. Case reports of envenomation and venom composition differences between two Arizona populations of the Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake, Crotalus pyrrhus (Cope, 1867)

Author:
Cochran, Chip; Hax, Scott; Hayes, William K.
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.171 pp. 29-34
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
Crotalus; amputation; antivenoms; case studies; drug therapy; geographical variation; pain; patients; reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography; snake bites; thrombocytopenia; venoms; Arizona
Abstract:
... Envenomations by the Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake (Crotalus pyrrhus) are fairly rare. Previous descriptions in the literature do not include locality, an important factor in the clinical symptoms or syndromes of snakebites resulting from geographic variation in venom composition. Here, we describe two cases of envenoming by C. pyrrhus from two Arizona localities (Tinajas Altas Mountains, Yuma ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.022

7. Automating land parcel classification for neighborhood-scale urban analysis

Author:
Ye, Xinyue; Turner, V. Kelly; She, Bing
Source:
International journal of digital earth 2019 v.12 no.12 pp. 1396-1405
ISSN:
1753-8955
Subject:
homeowners; land management; landscapes; spatial data; Arizona
Abstract:
... Homeowners’ Associations (HOAs) dictate landscape structure and management through legally enforceable land covenants at the neighborhood scale in the USA. Determining the location and spatial extent of HOAs is critical for examining its influence. However, such analysis is confounded by the lack of spatial data at the appropriate unit for such analysis. The purpose of this paper is to develop and ...
DOI:
10.1080/17538947.2018.1502370

8. Laboratory investigation of aerosol coating and capillarity effects on particle ice nucleation in deposition and condensation modes

Author:
Belosi, F.; Santachiara, G.
Source:
Atmospheric research 2019 v.230 pp. 104633
ISSN:
0169-8095
Subject:
aerosols; air temperature; atomization; capillarity; cellulose; coatings; droplets; dust; evaporation; filters; ice; ice nucleation; nitrates; relative humidity; silica gel; sodium chloride; storage conditions; Arizona
Abstract:
... In this work, the ice nucleating effectiveness of Arizona Test Dust (ATD), bare and coated with NaCl, not examined in previous published papers, was investigated. The ATD, NaCl coated ATD, and NaCl aerosols were generated by nebulizing water suspensions of bare ATD, ATD-NaCl and NaCl solution. Dried aerosols were sampled on black-gridded cellulose nitrate membrane filters for ice nuclei assessment ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104633

9. Timing of Invasion by Africanized Bees Coincides with Local Extinction of a Specialized Pollinator of a Rare Poppy in Utah, USA

Author:
Tripodi, Amber D.; Tepedino, Vincent J.; Portman, Zachary M.
Source:
Journal of apicultural science 2019 v.63 no.2 pp. 281-288
ISSN:
2299-4831
Subject:
Africanized honey bees; Perdita meconis; ancestry; extinction; genetic markers; indigenous species; introduced species; museums; mutualism; pollinators; Arizona; Nevada; New Mexico; Utah
Abstract:
... The introduction of exotic species can have profound impacts on mutualisms between native species in invaded areas. However, determining whether a new invader has impacted native species depends on accurately reconstructing the invasion timing. The arrival of Africanized honey bees (AHB) in southern Utah at some point between 1994 and 2011 has recently been implicated in the local extinction of Pe ...
DOI:
10.2478/jas-2019-0019

10. A high-throughput quantification of resin and rubber contents in Parthenium argentatum using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy

Author:
Luo, Zinan; Thorp, Kelly R.; Abdel-Haleem, Hussein
Source:
Plant methods 2019 v.15 no.1 pp. 154
ISSN:
1746-4811
Subject:
Parthenium argentatum; cultivars; germplasm conservation; guayule; irrigation; least squares; models; near-infrared spectroscopy; prediction; rapid methods; resins; rubber; semiarid zones; wavelengths; Arizona
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray), a plant native to semi-arid regions of northern Mexico and southern Texas in the United States, is an alternative source for natural rubber (NR). Rapid screening tools are needed to replace the current labor-intensive and cost-inefficient method for quantifying rubber and resin contents. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a promising technique ...
Handle:
10113/6788270
DOI:
10.1186/s13007-019-0544-3
PubMed:
31889978
PubMed Central:
PMC6916029

11. A spectral weighting function for abiotic photodegradation based on photochemical emission of CO2 from leaf litter in sunlight

Author:
Day, Thomas A.; Bliss, Michael S.
Source:
Biogeochemistry 2019 v.146 no.2 pp. 173-190
ISSN:
0168-2563
Subject:
carbon dioxide; dissolved organic matter; filters; greenhouse gas emissions; lakes; latitude; least squares; light intensity; ozone; photobleaching; photolysis; plant litter; solar radiation; stratosphere; ultraviolet radiation; wavelengths; Arizona
Abstract:
... Photodegradation can be a significant driver of leaf litter decomposition although the spectral effectiveness of sunlight in driving this process is not well characterized. We developed spectral weighting functions (WFs) for the photochemical emission of CO₂ from three leaf litter types using 10 cutoff filters that provided contrasting polychromatic sunlight under clear skies in Tempe, AZ, USA. An ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10533-019-00616-y

12. Evidence of genetic erosion in a peripheral population of a North American game bird: the Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae)

Author:
Mathur, Samarth; Tomeček, John M.; Heniff, Ashlyn; Luna, Ryan; DeWoody, J. Andrew
Source:
Conservation genetics 2019 v.20 no.6 pp. 1369-1381
ISSN:
1566-0621
Subject:
Cyrtonyx montezumae; anthropogenic activities; at-risk population; conservation status; deserts; effective population size; game birds; gene flow; genes; genetic erosion; genetic markers; genetic rescue; genetic variation; genomics; genotyping; heterozygosity; monitoring; natural selection; population structure; single nucleotide polymorphism; Arizona; New Mexico; Texas
Abstract:
... Population extirpations are often precursors to species extinctions. Anthropogenic activities often lead to smaller populations that are more prone to extirpations and advocates for active conservation management have recently called for the preservation and monitoring of genetic diversity, particularly with regard to the adaptive potential of vulnerable populations. We used genomics and curated a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10592-019-01218-9

13. Large, high-severity burn patches limit fungal recovery 13 years after wildfire in a ponderosa pine forest

Author:
Owen, Suzanne M.; Patterson, Adair M.; Gehring, Catherine A.; Sieg, Carolyn H.; Baggett, L. Scott; Fulé, Peter Z.
Source:
Soil biology & biochemistry 2019 v.139 pp. 107616
ISSN:
0038-0717
Subject:
Pinus ponderosa; burn severity; community structure; coniferous forests; ectomycorrhizae; edge effects; fire severity; fruiting bodies; fungal communities; fungi; plant communities; root tips; saprotrophs; seedlings; species richness; tree mortality; trees; wildfires; wood; Arizona
Abstract:
... Over the past three decades, wildfires in southwestern US ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson) forests have increased in size and severity. These wildfires can remove large, contiguous patches of mature forests, alter dominant plant communities and increase woody debris, potentially altering fungal community composition. Additionally, post-fire conditions may shift dominant fungal f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107616

14. Managing networked landscapes: conservation in a fragmented, regionally connected world

Author:
Baggio, Jacopo A.; Schoon, Michael L.; Valury, Sechindra
Source:
Regional environmental change 2019 v.19 no.8 pp. 2551-2562
ISSN:
1436-3798
Subject:
biodiversity; case studies; climate; decision making; fences; landowners; landscape management; landscapes; learning; models; politics; risk reduction; viability; Arizona; Southern Africa
Abstract:
... Ecological fragmentation coupled with changes in climate affects the viability of species and is likely to pose a serious threat for maintaining biodiversity, especially as biodiversity often depends on species ability to migrate between different ecological areas spanning multiple sociopolitical jurisdictions. To reduce the risk to biodiversity, there is a need for connected, interjurisdictional ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10113-019-01567-8

15. Modeling intrinsic vulnerability of complex karst aquifers: modifying the COP method to account for sinkhole density and fault location

Author:
Jones, Natalie A.; Hansen, Jered; Springer, Abraham E.; Valle, Cynthia; Tobin, Benjamin W.
Source:
Hydrogeology journal 2019 v.27 no.8 pp. 2857-2868
ISSN:
1431-2174
Subject:
aquifers; carbonates; karsts; models; remote sensing; risk assessment; rocks; watersheds; Arizona
Abstract:
... This study investigates a method of karst-aquifer vulnerability modeling that modifies the concentration-overburden-precipitation (COP) method to better account for structural recharge pathways through noncarbonate rocks, and applies advancements in remote-sensing sinkhole identification. Karst aquifers are important resources for human and agricultural needs worldwide, yet they are often highly c ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10040-019-02056-2

16. Predator-prey interactions and venom composition in a high elevation lizard specialist, Crotalus pricei (Twin-spotted Rattlesnake)

Author:
Grabowsky, Emily R.; Mackessy, Stephen P.
Source:
Toxicon 2019 v.170 pp. 29-40
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
Crotalus; Sceloporus jarrovii; altitude; analytical methods; geographical variation; habitats; lizards; phenotype; predator-prey relationships; prey species; snakes; toxicity; toxicity testing; venoms; Arizona; Mexico
Abstract:
... The Twin-spotted Rattlesnake (Crotalus pricei) is a small lizard specialist restricted to higher montane habitat in the Sky Islands of Arizona and México. Though this species is restricted to high elevations and dispersal between mountaintops is impossible, few studies have investigated venom composition or the predator-prey relationship between C. p. pricei and its primary prey source, Yarrow's S ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.011

17. The impact of forest restoration on agriculture in the Verde River watershed, Arizona, USA

Author:
Zhao, Xiaobing; Du, Ding; Xiong, Jun; Springer, Abraham; Masek Lopez, Sharon R.; Winkler, Blake; Hubler, Kenedy
Source:
Forest policy and economics 2019 v.109 pp. 101999
ISSN:
1389-9341
Subject:
Pinus ponderosa; USDA Forest Service; coniferous forests; drought; econometrics; farm income; financial economics; forest restoration; planning; regression analysis; rivers; time series analysis; water yield; watersheds; Arizona
Abstract:
... Known as the Four Forest Restoration Initiative (4FRI), the US Forest Service is planning a large-scale restoration of ponderosa pine forests in the Verde River watershed in central Arizona, USA. This paper uses a reduced-form econometric regression model with 1969–2010 time-series data to estimate the economic benefits of the increased water yield due to planned forest restoration of the first ph ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forpol.2019.101999

18. Phenology Patterns Indicate Recovery Trajectories of Ponderosa Pine Forests After High-Severity Fires

Author:
Walker, Jessica J.; Soulard, Christopher E.
Source:
Remote Sensing 2019 v.11 no.23
ISSN:
2072-4292
Subject:
Internet; Landsat; Pinus ponderosa; coniferous forests; deciduous forests; ecological succession; filters; forest fires; grasslands; landscapes; normalized difference vegetation index; phenology; plant communities; remote sensing; shrublands; shrubs; thematic maps; time series analysis; Arizona; New Mexico
Abstract:
... Post-fire recovery trajectories in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) forests of the southwestern United States are increasingly shifting away from pre-burn vegetation communities. This study investigated whether phenological metrics derived from a multi-decade remotely sensed imagery time-series could differentiate among grass, evergreen shrub, deciduous, or conifer-dominated replacement path ...
DOI:
10.3390/rs11232782

19. Shifts in Climate–Growth Relationships of Sky Island Pines

Author:
Marquardt, Paula E.; Miranda, Brian R.; Telewski, Frank W.
Source:
Forests 2019 v.10 no.11
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Pinus ponderosa; altitude; climate; climate change; coniferous forests; mountains; plant response; reproduction; spring; summer; sympatry; temperature; topographic slope; tree growth; winter; Arizona
Abstract:
... Rising temperatures and changes in precipitation may affect plant responses, and mountainous regions in particular are sensitive to the impacts of climate change. The Santa Catalina Mountains, near Tucson, Arizona, USA, are among the best known Madrean Sky Islands, which are defined by pine-oak forests. We compared the sensitivity and temporal stability of climate–growth relationships to qua ...
DOI:
10.3390/f10111011

20. Optimizing Fungicide Inputs for Management of Lettuce Drop Caused by Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum

Author:
Matheron, Michael E.; Porchas, Martin
Source:
Plant health progress 2019 v.20 no.4 pp. 238-243
ISSN:
1535-1025
Subject:
Coniothyrium minitans; Sclerotinia minor; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; boscalid; disease control; fluopyram; iprodione; lettuce; pathogens; pyraclostrobin; soil; soil fungi; soil treatment; sowing; trifloxystrobin; Arizona
Abstract:
... Lettuce drop, caused by the soilborne fungi Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum, continues to be an important disease on this crop in Arizona. Trials were conducted over a 5-year period to compare different fungicides as well as the number, timing, and method of application. Compared with nontreated plots, disease reduction ranging from 49.6 to 61.0% was achieved on lettuce beds containing S. mi ...
DOI:
10.1094/PHP-08-19-0053-RS