PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Publication Year 2018 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2018 Source 2018 v.47 no.4 Remove constraint Source: 2018 v.47 no.4 Text Availability Citation in PubAg Remove constraint Text Availability: Citation in PubAg
Start Over

Search

151  Search Results

« Previous | 1 - 20 of 151 |
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. A century and a half of research on the evolution of insect flight

Author:
Alexander, David E.
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 322-327
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Devonian period; Plecoptera; arthropods; evolution; flight; fossils; gills; insect flight; insects; models; wings
Abstract:
... The gill and paranotal lobe theories of insect wing evolution were both proposed in the 1870s. For most of the 20th century, the paranotal lobe theory was more widely accepted, probably due to the fundamentally terrestrial tracheal respiratory system; in the 1970s, some researchers advocated for an elaborated gill (“pleural appendage”) theory. Lacking transition fossils, neither theory could be de ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2017.11.007

2. A Field-Scale Approach to Estimate Nitrate Loading to Groundwater

Author:
Malekani, Farzin; Ryan, M. Cathryn; Zebarth, Bernie J.; Loo, Shawn E.; Suchy, Martin; Cey, Edwin E.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 795-804
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Rubus idaeus; agricultural land; autumn; groundwater; hydraulic conductivity; mass transfer; monitoring; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; pollution load; raspberries; samplers; water pollution; water quality
Abstract:
... The quantification of groundwater NO₃ loading associated with a specific field or set of management practices so that groundwater quality improvements can be objectively assessed is a major challenge. The magnitude and timing of NO₃ export from a single agricultural field under raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) production were investigated by combining high-resolution groundwater NO₃ concentration profi ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.09.0369

3. A Global Meta-Analysis of Grazing Impacts on Soil Health Indicators

Author:
Byrnes, Ryan C.; Eastburn, Danny J.; Tate, Kenneth W.; Roche, Leslie M.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 758-765
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
bulk density; carbon nitrogen ratio; climate change; continuous grazing; dry environmental conditions; grazing intensity; grazing lands; grazing management; guidelines; issues and policy; livelihood; livestock; meta-analysis; rotational grazing; soil; soil compaction; soil organic carbon; soil quality; subhumid zones; total nitrogen
Abstract:
... Grazing lands support the livelihoods of millions of people across nearly one-half of the globe. Soils are the backbone of stability and resilience in these systems. To determine livestock grazing impacts on soil health, we conducted a global meta-analysis of soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, C/N ratio, and bulk density responses to grazing strategies (continuous, rotational, and no grazing) and ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.08.0313

4. A Life Table for Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in a Temperate Zone of Northeast Egypt With Key Factor Analysis

Author:
Bayoumy, Mohamed H; Awadalla, Hager S; Michaud, J P; Ramadan, Marwa M
Source:
Environmental entomology 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 1047-1056
ISSN:
1938-2936
Subject:
Diglyphus isaea; Halticoptera; Liriomyza trifolii; Opius; Vicia faba; abnormal development; adults; biological control; crops; environmental factors; faba beans; factor analysis; larvae; leafminers; life tables; mortality; parasitism; parasitoids; predation; pupae; temperate zones; Egypt; Mediterranean region
Abstract:
... The American serpentine leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), is a perennial pest of leguminous crops in the Mediterranean region. A life table was constructed for L. trifolii infesting broad bean, Vicia faba L., in northern Egypt. Key factor analysis was used to rank sources of immature mortality over two seasons. Leaf miners had three successive generations, and a part ...
DOI:
10.1093/ee/nvy086

5. Ammonia Emissions from Subalpine Forest and Mountain Grassland Soils in Rocky Mountain National Park

Author:
Stratton, Joshua J.; Ham, Jay; Borch, Thomas
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 778-785
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
air temperature; airshed; ammonia; ammonium; ammonium nitrogen; ecosystems; emissions; eutrophication; forest soils; forests; grassland soils; grasslands; isotopes; mechanistic models; national parks; wet deposition; Colorado
Abstract:
... Atmospheric deposition of NH₃ and NH₄⁺ contributes to eutrophication within sensitive subalpine ecosystems of Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) in the United States. However, little is known about the local contribution of NH₃ from soils within the park. Thus, the goal of this study was to quantify and compare NH₃ emissions from intact soil cores sampled from a subalpine grassland and forest wit ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2018.01.0023

6. A Modeling Framework to Evaluate the Impacts of Future Climate on Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics

Author:
Chu, Maria; Guzman, Jorge; Villamil, Maria
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 596-606
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Glycine max; Zea mays; agroecosystems; air temperature; climate models; climatic factors; corn; crop rotation; data collection; nitrogen; simulation models; soil; soil organic carbon; uncertainty; Illinois
Abstract:
... Soil organic C (SOC) is significantly affected by changes in climate that control the physical, chemical, and biological processes in the soil. Simulating the impacts of future climate on SOC is challenging due to the limited availability of soil and climate variables required to properly simulate future SOC dynamics. The main objective of this study was to develop a modeling framework to quantify ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.07.0295

7. A morphometric and stereological study on cervical spinal cord segment of goose

Author:
Çakmak, Gamze; Karadağ, Hüseyin; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Yildirim, Serkan; Yilmaz, Osman
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 346-357
ISSN:
0340-2096
Subject:
adults; cervical spine; eosin; formaldehyde; geese; morphometry; spinal cord
Abstract:
... In this study, volume density of white matter and grey matter areas of cervical segment of spinal cord in adult geese weighing 3–4 kg was examined using stereological methods. 10 geese were used as material without sex discrimination. All animals underwent perfusion with 10% buffered formaldehyde. Following the perfusion, animals were kept in 10% formaldehyde for 1 week. Geese were then dissected. ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12360

8. A Multiple-Choice Bioassay Approach for Rapid Screening of Key Attractant Volatiles

Author:
Cha, Dong H; Loeb, Gregory M; Linn, Charles E; Hesler, Stephen P; Landolt, Peter J
Source:
Environmental entomology 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 946-950
ISSN:
1938-2936
Subject:
Drosophila suzukii; acetic acid; acetoin; attractants; bioassays; ethanol; fermentation; field experimentation; insects; integrated pest management; odors; rapid methods; screening; vinegars; wines
Abstract:
... Fermentation volatiles attract a wide variety of insects and are used for integrated pest management. However, identification of the key behavior modifying chemicals has often been challenging due to the time consuming nature of thorough behavioral tests and unexpected discrepancies between laboratory and field results. Thus we report on a multiple-choice bioassay approach that may expedite the pr ...
DOI:
10.1093/ee/nvy054

9. An Assessment of the Physiological Costs of Autogenous Defenses in Native and Introduced Lady Beetles

Author:
Lee, Benjamin W; Ugine, Todd A; Losey, John E
Source:
Environmental entomology 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 1030-1038
ISSN:
1938-2936
Subject:
Aphidoidea; Coccinella septempunctata; Harmonia axyridis; antipredatory behavior; blood; defensive behavior; eggs; fecundity; females; hemorrhage; imagos; indigenous species; introduced species; invasive species; viability
Abstract:
... Many lady beetles expel an autogenously produced alkaloid-rich ‘reflex blood’ as an antipredator defense. We conducted an experiment to determine whether there was a measurable fitness cost associated with the daily induction of this defensive behavior, and whether costs differed between native (Coccinella novemnotata Herbst (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)) and invasive species (Coccinella septempunct ...
DOI:
10.1093/ee/nvy068

10. A New Species of Pararrhopalites Bonet & Tellez (Collembola, Symphypleona, Sminthuridae) from Iron Caves in Brazil

Author:
Zeppelini, D; Lima, EC A; Brito, RA; Soares, GA
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 492-501
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Sminthuridae; caves; iron; new species; taxonomic keys; Brazil
Abstract:
... A second species of the genus Pararrhopalites is described from caves inserted in iron ore lithology. Both species present a particular sensory organ in the interantennal region. The new species, Pararrhopalites ubiquum n.sp., has a wider distribution and it is not restricted to a single cave, as it is the case of Pararrhopalites sideroicus Zeppelini & Brito, in Fla Entomol 97(4):1733–1744, 2014, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-017-0569-0

11. An Integrated Approach to Identify Critical Source Areas of Agricultural Nonpoint-Source Pollution at the Watershed Scale

Author:
Wang, Feier; Sun, Zuolei; Zheng, Siyuan; Yu, Jie; Liang, Xinqiang
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 922-929
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
aquaculture; livestock farming; losses from soil; models; municipal wastewater; nitrogen; nonpoint source pollution; phosphorus; pollution control; risk; water quality; watersheds; China
Abstract:
... Nonpoint sources are difficult to control because their nutrient contribution from different parts of a watershed can vary substantially. Identifying critical source areas of nutrient loss is an important step in watershed pollution mitigation programs. This study sought to use an integrated index model to differentiate between subbasins that serve as critical source areas of N and P nonpoint sour ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.12.0469

12. Assessing the Impact of Non-Urea Ruminant Urine Nitrogen Compounds on Urine Patch Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Author:
Gardiner, Camilla A.; Clough, Timothy J.; Cameron, Keith C.; Di, Hong J.; Edwards, Grant R.; de Klein, Cecile A. M.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 812-819
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Lolium perenne; allantoin; autumn; biodegradation; creatine; creatinine; emissions factor; excretion; field experimentation; greenhouse gas emissions; hypoxanthine; isotope labeling; laboratory experimentation; nitrogen; nitrogen content; nitrous oxide; pastures; ruminants; soil; stable isotopes; urea; uric acid; urine; xanthine
Abstract:
... Urea, the dominant form of N in ruminant urine, degrades in soil to produce N₂O emissions. However, the fate of non-urea urine N compounds (NUNCs) in soil and their contribution to urine patch N₂O emissions remain unclear. This study evaluated five NUNCs: allantoin (10%), creatinine (3%), creatine (3%), uric acid (1%), and (hypo)xanthine (0.6%), where numbers in parentheses represent the average p ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2018.03.0112

13. Associational Interactions Between Urban Trees: Are Native Neighbors Better Than Non-Natives?

Author:
Clem, Carl Scott; Held, David W
Source:
Environmental entomology 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 881-889
ISSN:
1938-2936
Subject:
Acer platanoides; Acer rubrum; Dryocampa rubicunda; Lagerstroemia indica; defoliation; ecosystem services; herbivores; indigenous species; insect larvae; insects; introduced plants; landscapes; natural enemies; pests; species richness; trees; urban areas; urban forestry; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... This project investigated associational interactions (associational resistance or susceptibility) between native and non-native trees commonly found in urban landscapes in the southeastern United States. Non-native plants offer limited ecological services because few native herbivore species are capable of feeding on them. In a 2-yr field study, abundance and species richness of caterpillars, plan ...
DOI:
10.1093/ee/nvy071

14. Associative Learning of Food Odors by the European Paper Wasp, Polistes dominula Christ (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Author:
Elmquist, Dane C; Landolt, Peter J
Source:
Environmental entomology 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 960-968
ISSN:
1938-2936
Subject:
Polistes dominula; attractants; esters; eugenol; females; foraging; fruit puree; fruits; insect flight; learning; odors; paper wasps; pears; pests; sugars
Abstract:
... We investigated associative learning of food odors by the European paper wasp Polistes dominula Christ (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) because of consistent low rates of attraction to food materials in laboratory assays. We hypothesized that wasps in nature exhibit nonspecific food-finding behavior until locating a suitable food, and then respond more strongly and specifically to odors associated with tha ...
DOI:
10.1093/ee/nvy083

15. Availability of Phosphorus after Long-term Whole and Separated Slurry Application to Perennial Grass prior to Corn Silage

Author:
Zhang, H.; Bittman, S.; Hunt, D. E.; Bounaix, F.; Messiga, A. J.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 893-901
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Festuca arundinacea; Zea mays; biomass; corn; corn silage; crops; dairy manure; grain yield; leaves; liquids; mycorrhizal fungi; perennial grasses; phosphorus; phosphorus fertilizers; pollution control; pollution load; risk reduction; slurries; soil; total phosphorus
Abstract:
... Removing solids from whole dairy slurry (WS) can reduce P loading on fields. This study investigated the effects of 11 yr of applications of WS, separated liquid fraction (LF), commercial fertilizer, WS plus fertilizer, and a control on total and extractable (Kelowna) soil P in perennial grass (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and two subsequent silage corn (Zea mays L.) crops. Plots received 200 kg N ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.12.0466

16. Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbial antibiotic alternatives to enhance growth, immunity, and gut health in poultry

Author:
Grant, Ar’Quette; Gay, Cyril G.; Lillehoj, Hyun S.
Source:
Avian pathology 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 339-351
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
animal husbandry; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; antimicrobial peptides; bacteria; chickens; commercialization; flocks; food animals; foods; gastrointestinal system; growth performance; growth promotion; health promotion; immunity; intestinal microorganisms; manufacturing; mechanism of action; poultry industry; probiotics; screening
Abstract:
... The increasing occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria combined with regulatory pressure and consumer demands for foods produced without antibiotics has caused the agricultural industry to restrict its practice of using antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in food animals. The poultry industry is not immune to this trend, and has been actively seeking natural alternatives to AGP that will improve ...
Handle:
10113/5963611
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2018.1464117

17. Beyond aerodynamics: The critical roles of the circulatory and tracheal systems in maintaining insect wing functionality

Author:
Pass, Günther
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 391-407
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
aerodynamic properties; aerodynamics; arthropods; evaporation; flight; heart rate; hemolymph; insects; nutrients; oxygen; surveys; thorax; tissues; wings
Abstract:
... Insect wings consist almost entirely of lifeless cuticle; yet their veins host a complex multimodal sensory apparatus and other tissues that require a continuous supply of water, nutrients and oxygen. This review provides a survey of the various living components in insect wings, as well as the specific contribution of the circulatory and tracheal systems to provide all essential substances. In mo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2018.05.004

18. Biology of Pityophthorus pulchellus tuberculatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Lodgepole Pine in Northern Idaho

Author:
Furniss, Malcolm M; Kegley, Sandra J
Source:
Environmental entomology 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 775-780
ISSN:
1938-2936
Subject:
Curculionidae; Enoclerus lecontei; Pinus contorta var. latifolia; Pityophthorus; Pteromalidae; Spathius; Zopheridae; adults; bark; dead wood; eggs; females; hosts; instars; larvae; males; new species; niches; overwintering; parasitoids; progeny; rearing; trees; wood; Idaho
Abstract:
... The twig beetle, Pityophthorus pulchellus tuberculatus Eichhoff, infests dead branches of pines in western United States and Canada, including lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas, in northern Idaho. Adult broods overwintered in their host and emerged and colonized new hosts in late April. Males initiated galleries and were joined by up to seven females, each of which constructed an egg gallery ...
DOI:
10.1093/ee/nvy058

19. Building an Open Science Framework to Model Soil Organic Carbon

Author:
Flathers, Edward; Gessler, Paul E.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 726-734
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
computer software; funding; metadata; prediction; small cereal grains; soil organic carbon; soil properties; soil quality; statistical models; Northwestern United States
Abstract:
... As funding agencies embrace open science principles that encourage sharing data and computer code developed to produce research outputs, we must respond with new modes of publication. Furthermore, as we address the expanding reproducibility crisis in the sciences, we must work to release research materials in ways that enable reproducibility—publishing data, computer code, and research products in ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.08.0318

20. Carbon Dosing Increases Nitrate Removal Rates in Denitrifying Bioreactors at Low-Temperature High-Flow Conditions

Author:
Roser, Marta B.; Feyereisen, Gary W.; Spokas, Kurt A.; Mulla, David J.; Strock, Jeffrey S.; Gutknecht, Jessica
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 856-864
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Macadamia; acetates; biochar; bioreactors; carbon; coconuts; coir; conservation practices; corn cobs; cropland; denitrification; drainage; hardwood; improved wood; laboratory experimentation; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; nitrogen; pollution load; sodium acetate; spring; surface water; temperature; wood chips; Midwestern United States
Abstract:
... Nitrogen losses from croplands contribute to impairment of water bodies. This laboratory experiment evaluated various C sources for use in a denitrifying bioreactor, a conservation practice designed to reduce N losses. The nitrate removal efficiency of candidate treatments (corn cobs [CC], corn cobs with modified coconut coir [CC+MC], corn cobs with modified coconut coir and modified macadamia she ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2018.02.0082