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1. An evaluation of the health benefits achieved at the time of an air quality intervention in three Israeli cities

Author:
Yinon, Lital; Thurston, George
Source:
Environment international 2017
ISSN:
0160-4120
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; air; air pollution; air quality; cities; combustion; emissions; fuels; human health; meta-analysis; morbidity; mortality; pollution control; regression analysis; risk; sulfur; time series analysis; Israel;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... The statistical association between increased exposure to air pollution and increased risk of morbidity and mortality is well established. However, documentation of the health benefits of lowering air pollution levels, which would support the biological plausibility of those past statistical associations, are not as well developed. A better understanding of the aftereffects of interventions to red ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.025
PubMed:
28237065
PubMed Central:
PMC5771478

2. Automated assay and differential model of western honey bee (apis mellifera) autogrooming using digital image processing

Author:
Giuffre, Carl; Lubkin, Sharon R.; Tarpy, David R.
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2017
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; Apis mellifera; animals; automation; bioassays; data collection; digital images; flour; genotype; grooming (animal behavior); honey bees; hygiene; image analysis; immunity; models; parasites; phenotype; worker bees;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... In animals, self-grooming is an important component of their overall hygiene because it reduces the risk of disease and parasites. The European honey bee (Apis mellifera) exhibits hygienic behavior, which refers to the ability of the members of a colony to remove diseased or dead brood from the hive. Individual grooming behavior, however, is when a bee grooms itself to remove parasites. While both ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2017.02.003
Chorus Open Access:
10.1016/j.compag.2017.02.003

3. Measuring the impacts of adaptation strategies to drought stress: The case of drought tolerant maize varieties

Author:
Wossen, Tesfamicheal; Abdoulaye, Tahirou; Alene, Arega; Feleke, Shiferaw; Menkir, Abebe; Manyong, Victor
Source:
Journal of environmental management 2017
ISSN:
0301-4797
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; corn; crop yield; drought; drought tolerance; issues and policy; poverty; risk; variance; water stress; Nigeria;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study measured the impacts of drought tolerant maize varieties (DTMVs) on productivity, welfare, and risk exposure using household and plot-level data from rural Nigeria. The study employed an endogenous switching regression approach to control for both observed and unobserved sources of heterogeneity between adopters and non-adopters. Our results showed that adoption of DTMVs increased maize ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.058
PubMed:
28779600
PubMed Central:
PMC5607453

4. An immobilized liquid interface prevents device associated bacterial infection in vivo

Author:
Chen, Jiaxuan; Howell, Caitlin; Haller, Carolyn A.; Patel, Madhukar S.; Ayala, Perla; Moravec, Katherine A.; Dai, Erbin; Liu, Liying; Sotiri, Irini; Aizenberg, Michael; Aizenberg, Joanna; Chaikof, Elliot L.
Source:
Biomaterials 2017 v.113 pp. 80-92
ISSN:
0142-9612
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; adhesion; bacterial infections; biocompatible materials; biofilm; cytokines; health care costs; macrophages; morbidity; patients; perfluorocarbons; phagocytosis; polytetrafluoroethylene; viability;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Virtually all biomaterials are susceptible to biofilm formation and, as a consequence, device-associated infection. The concept of an immobilized liquid surface, termed slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS), represents a new framework for creating a stable, dynamic, omniphobic surface that displays ultralow adhesion and limits bacterial biofilm formation. A widely used biomaterial in cli ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.028
PubMed:
27810644
PubMed Central:
PMC5121025

5. Economic analysis of adaptive strategies for flood risk management under climate change

Author:
van der Pol, Thomas D.; van Ierland, Ekko C.; Gabbert, Silke
Source:
Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 2017 v.22 no.2 pp. 267-285
ISSN:
1381-2386
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; climate; climate change; cost benefit analysis; decision support systems; hydrometeorology; learning; uncertainty;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Climate change requires reconsideration of flood risk management strategies. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA), an economic decision-support tool, has been widely applied to assess these strategies. This paper aims to describe and discuss probabilistic extensions of CBA to identify welfare-maximising flood risk management strategies under climate change. First, uncertainty about the changes in return pe ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11027-015-9637-0
PubMed:
30197565
PubMed Central:
PMC6108003

6. Salmonella Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices: A Survey of Backyard Poultry Owners Residing in Seattle, Washington and the Surrounding Metropolitan Area

Author:
Kauber, K.; Fowler, H.; Lipton, B.; Meschke, J. S.; Rabinowitz, P.
Source:
Zoonoses and public health 2017 v.64 no.1 pp. 21-28
ISSN:
1863-1959
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Salmonella; animal care; attitudes and opinions; birds; clothing; descriptive studies; drinking; education; eggs; face; flocks; harvesting; humans; hygiene; metropolitan areas; outreach; poultry; risk; salmonellosis; surveys; zoonoses; Washington (state);     Show all 24 Subjects
Abstract:
... Raising poultry flocks in urban backyard settings is becoming increasingly popular across the United States, but carries a risk of zoonotic infection. In the United States from 1990 to 2014, 53 outbreaks of human salmonellosis linked to live poultry have been documented resulting in 2611 known illnesses, 387 known hospitalizations and five known deaths (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2 ...
DOI:
10.1111/zph.12274
PubMed:
27329695
PubMed Central:
PMC5179318

7. The apicoplast: now you see it, now you don’t

Author:
McFadden, Geoffrey Ian; Yeh, Ellen
Source:
International journal for parasitology 2017 v.47 no.2-3 pp. 137-144
ISSN:
0020-7519
Subject:
chemical reduction,   etc   ; Plasmodium; RNA; Toxoplasma; algae; ancestry; biochemical pathways; biogenesis; chloroplasts; genome; malaria; parasites; proteins;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Parasites such as Plasmodium and Toxoplasma possess a vestigial plastid homologous to the chloroplasts of algae and plants. The plastid (known as the apicoplast; for apicomplexan plastid) is non-photosynthetic and very much reduced, but has clear endosymbiotic ancestry including a circular genome that encodes RNAs and proteins and a suite of bacterial biosynthetic pathways. Here we review the init ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.08.005
PubMed:
27773518
PubMed Central:
PMC5406208

8. Indicators of improved water access in the context of schistosomiasis transmission in rural Eastern Region, Ghana

Author:
Kulinkina, Alexandra V.; Kosinski, Karen C.; Plummer, Jeanine D.; Durant, John L.; Bosompem, Kwabena M.; Adjei, Michael N.; Griffiths, Jeffrey K.; Gute, David M.; Naumova, Elena N.
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2017 v.579 pp. 1745-1755
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; hygiene; infrastructure; rural communities; sanitation; schistosomiasis; surface water; surveys; towns; water distribution; water quality; Ghana;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Populations with poor access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure are disproportionately affected by the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). As a result, WASH has gained increasing prominence in integrated control and elimination of NTDs, including schistosomiasis. In order to identify underserved populations, relevant measures of access to WASH infrastructure at sub–national or ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.140
PubMed:
27939198
PubMed Central:
PMC5226254

9. Crowded skies: Conflicts between expanding goose populations and aviation safety

Author:
Bradbeer, David R.; Rosenquist, Camilla; Christensen, Thomas Kjær; Fox, Anthony D.
Source:
Ambio 2017 v.46 no.Supplement 2 pp. 290-300
ISSN:
0044-7447
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; aircraft; airports; aviation; geese; habitat conservation; habitat preferences; habitats; population dynamics; radar; risk; stakeholders;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... We here review the collision risks posed by large-bodied, flocking geese to aircraft, exacerbated by recent major increases in northern hemisphere goose populations and air traffic volume. Mitigation of goose–aircraft strike risks requires knowledge of local goose movements, global goose population dynamics and ecology. Airports can minimise goose strikes by managing habitats within the airport pr ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13280-017-0901-2
PubMed:
28215013
PubMed Central:
PMC5316332

10. Metagenomic reconstruction of nitrogen cycling pathways in a CO2-enriched grassland ecosystem

Author:
Tu, Qichao; He, Zhili; Wu, Liyou; Xue, Kai; Xie, Gary; Chain, Patrick; Reich, Peter B.; Hobbie, Sarah E.; Zhou, Jizhong
Source:
Soil biology & biochemistry 2017 v.106 pp. 99-108
ISSN:
0038-0717
Subject:
nitrate reduction,   etc   ; anaerobic ammonium oxidation; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide enrichment; genes; glutamine; grasslands; metabolism; metagenomics; microbial communities; nitrogen; nitrogen cycle; nitrogen fixation; polymerase chain reaction; soil; soil microorganisms; soil sampling; terrestrial ecosystems;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... The nitrogen (N) cycle is a collection of important biogeochemical pathways mediated by microbial communities and is an important constraint in response to elevated CO2 in many terrestrial ecosystems. Previous studies attempting to relate soil N cycling to microbial genetic data mainly focused on a few gene families by PCR, protein assays and functional gene arrays, leaving the taxonomic and funct ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.12.017
Chorus Open Access:
10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.12.017

11. Multi-Species Mating Disruption in Cranberries (Ericales: Ericaceae): Early Evidence Using a Flowable Emulsion

Author:
Steffan, Shawn A.; Chasen, Elissa M.; Deutsch, Annie E.; Mafra-Neto, Agenor
Source:
Journal of insect science 2017 v.17 no.2 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
0970-3837
Subject:
pesticide use reduction,   etc   ; Acrobasis vaccinii; Ericaceae; Rhopobota naevana; application technology; cranberries; cropping systems; emulsions; larvae; marshes; mating disruption; moths; oils; pheromones; plant pests; waxes;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Pheromone-based mating disruption has proven to be a powerful pest management tactic in many cropping systems. However, in the cranberry system, a viable mating disruption program does not yet exist. There are commercially available pheromones for several of the major pests of cranberries, including the cranberry fruitworm, Acrobasis vaccinii Riley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and blackheaded fireworm ...
Handle:
10113/5695452
DOI:
10.1093/jisesa/iex025
PubMed:
28423417
PubMed Central:
PMC5416800

12. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasmosis in Middle Java, Indonesia

Author:
Retmanasari, Annisa; Widartono, Barandi Sapta; Wijayanti, Mahardika Agus; Artama, Wayan Tunas
Source:
EcoHealth 2017 v.14 no.1 pp. 162-170
ISSN:
1612-9202
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; Toxoplasma gondii; blood sampling; cats; environmental factors; environmental health; geographic information systems; hosts; humans; lifestyle; lowlands; meat; questionnaires; raw meat; raw vegetables; risk factors; seroprevalence; toxoplasmosis; zoonoses; Indonesia;     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Risk factors include consumption of undercooked meat, raw vegetables, and unfiltered water. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of toxoplasmosis in Middle Java, Indonesia, using an EcoHealth approach, combined with geographic information system (GIS). A total of 630 participants were randomly selected fro ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10393-016-1198-5
PubMed:
27830388
PubMed Central:
PMC5357302

13. Using Qualitative Disease Risk Analysis for Herpetofauna Conservation Translocations Transgressing Ecological and Geographical Barriers

Author:
Bobadilla Suarez, Mariana; Ewen, John G.; Groombridge, Jim J.; Beckmann, K.; Shotton, J.; Masters, N.; Hopkins, T.; Sainsbury, Anthony W.
Source:
EcoHealth 2017 v.14 no.Supplement 1 pp. 47-60
ISSN:
1612-9202
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; decision making; herpetofauna; parasites; risk; United Kingdom;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Through the exploration of disease risk analysis methods employed for four different UK herpetofauna translocations, we illustrate how disease hazards can be identified, and how the risk of disease can be analysed. Where ecological or geographical barriers between source and destination sites exist, parasite populations are likely to differ in identity or strain between the two sites, elevating th ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10393-015-1086-4
PubMed:
26695615
PubMed Central:
PMC5357266

14. Modified mRNA Vaccines Protect against Zika Virus Infection

Author:
Richner, Justin M.; Himansu, Sunny; Dowd, Kimberly A.; Butler, Scott L.; Salazar, Vanessa; Fox, Julie M.; Julander, Justin G.; Tang, William W.; Shresta, Sujan; Pierson, Theodore C.; Ciaramella, Giuseppe; Diamond, Michael S.
Source:
Cell 2017 v.168 pp. 1114-1125.e10
ISSN:
0092-8674
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; Dengue virus; Zika virus; encapsulation; epitopes; immune response; lipids; messenger RNA; mice; mutation; nanoparticles; neutralizing antibodies; sterilizing; sterilizing immunity; structural genes; vaccines; virus-like particles;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... The emergence of ZIKV infection has prompted a global effort to develop safe and effective vaccines. We engineered a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulated modified mRNA vaccine encoding wild-type or variant ZIKV structural genes and tested immunogenicity and protection in mice. Two doses of modified mRNA LNPs encoding prM-E genes that produced virus-like particles resulted in high neutralizing ant ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.017
PubMed:
28222903
PubMed Central:
PMC5388441

15. Early molecular signatures of responses of wheat to Zymoseptoria tritici in compatible and incompatible interactions

Author:
Orton, E. S.; Rudd, J. J.; Brown, J. K. M.
Source:
Plant pathology 2017 v.66 no.3 pp. 450-459
ISSN:
0032-0862
Subject:
pesticide use reduction,   etc   ; Mycosphaerella graminicola; Septoria; Western blotting; cultivars; disease resistance; environmental factors; foliar diseases; fungi; fungicides; gene expression; gene-for-gene relationship; genes; genotype; issues and policy; latent period; molecular biology; pathogens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; varietal resistance; wheat;     Show all 22 Subjects
Abstract:
... Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of septoria tritici blotch, a serious foliar disease of wheat, is a necrotrophic pathogen that undergoes a long latent period. Emergence of insensitivity to fungicides, and pesticide reduction policies, mean there is a pressing need to understand septoria and control it through greater varietal resistance. Stb6 and Stb15, the most common qualitative resistanc ...
DOI:
10.1111/ppa.12633
PubMed:
28356604
PubMed Central:
PMC5349288

16. Associations between sheep farmer attitudes, beliefs, emotions and personality, and their barriers to uptake of best practice: The example of footrot

Author:
O’Kane, Holly; Ferguson, Eamonn; Kaler, Jasmeet; Green, Laura
Source:
Preventive veterinary medicine 2017 v.139 pp. 123-133
ISSN:
0167-5877
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; antibiotics; attitudes and opinions; behavior change; emotions; farmers; farms; flocks; footrot; lameness; livestock diseases; principal component analysis; questionnaires; regression analysis; risk; sheep; England;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... There is interest in understanding how farmers’ behaviour influences their management of livestock. We extend the theory of planned behaviour with farmers attitudes, beliefs, emotions and personality to investigate how these are associated with management of livestock disease using the example of footrot (FR) in sheep.In May 2013 a one-year retrospective questionnaire was sent to 4000 sheep farmer ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.05.009
PubMed:
27371994
PubMed Central:
PMC5409802

17. Caging and Photoactivation in Single-Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Experiments

Author:
Jazi, Atieh Aminian; Ploetz, Evelyn; Arizki, Muhamad; Dhandayuthapani, Balasubramaniam; Waclawska, Izabela; Krämer, Reinhard; Ziegler, Christine; Cordes, Thorben
Source:
Biochemistry 2017 v.56 no.14 pp. 2031-2041
ISSN:
1520-4995
Subject:
chemical reduction,   etc   ; energy transfer; fluorescence; fluorescent dyes; image analysis; nucleic acids; proteins;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Caged organic fluorophores are established tools for localization-based super-resolution imaging. Their use relies on reversible deactivation of standard organic fluorophores by chemical reduction or commercially available caged dyes with ON switching of the fluorescent signal by ultraviolet (UV) light. Here, we establish caging of cyanine fluorophores and caged rhodamine dyes, i.e., chemical deac ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00916
PubMed:
28362086
PubMed Central:
PMC5390306

18. Centrifuge separation effect on bacterial indicator reduction in dairy manure

Author:
Liu, Zong; Carroll, Zachary S.; Long, Sharon C.; Roa-Espinosa, Aicardo; Runge, Troy
Source:
Journal of environmental management 2017 v.191 pp. 268-274
ISSN:
0301-4797
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; barns; centrifugation; dairy manure; equipment; indicator species; large farms; nutrients; pathogens; polymers; slurries; soil amendments; streams;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Centrifugation is a commonly applied separation method for manure processing on large farms to separate solids and nutrients. Pathogen reduction is also an important consideration for managing manure. Appropriate treatment reduces risks from pathogen exposure when manure is used as soil amendments or the processed liquid stream is recycled to flush the barn. This study investigated the effects of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.022
Chorus Open Access:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.022

19. Nitrate reduction in a reconstructed floodplain oxbow fed by tile drainage

Author:
Schilling, Keith E.; Kult, Keegan; Wilke, Karen; Streeter, Matthew; Vogelgesang, Jason
Source:
Ecological engineering 2017 v.102 pp. 98-107
ISSN:
0925-8574
Subject:
nitrate reduction,   etc   ; agricultural land; autumn; bioreactors; buffers; conservation practices; drainage; drainage water; ecosystems; floodplains; groundwater; nitrates; seepage; summer; tile drainage; tiles; wetlands; Iowa;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... Conservation practices are needed to reduce the loss of nitrate via subsurface tile drainage systems and in this study we evaluated nitrate retention in a reconstructed oxbow in central Iowa that was engineered to receive inputs from two drainage tiles. Our objectives were to evaluate the hydrogeology and nitrate loading patterns and quantify the average and seasonal nitrate retention efficiency i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.006
Chorus Open Access:
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.006

20. Nutritional modulation of age-related changes in the immune system and risk of infection

Author:
Pae, Munkyong; Wu, Dayong
Source:
Nutrition research 2017 v.41 pp. 14-35
ISSN:
0271-5317
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; blood serum; bone metabolism; clinical trials; elderly; immune response; immune system; morbidity; mortality; nursing homes; nutrient deficiencies; nutrients; nutritional status; observational studies; respiratory tract diseases; vitamin D; vitamin E; zinc;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... The immune system undergoes some adverse alterations during aging, many of which have been implicated in the increased morbidity and mortality associated with infection in the elderly. In addition to intrinsic changes to the immune system with aging, the elderly are more likely to have poor nutritional status, which further impacts the already impaired immune function. Although the elderly often h ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.nutres.2017.02.001
Chorus Open Access:
10.1016/j.nutres.2017.02.001