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Karina M. Borges; W. Rodney Cooper; Stephen F. Garczynski; Jenita Thinakaran; Andy S. Jensen; David R. Horton; Joseph E. Munyaneza; Isabel Cueva; Nina M. Barcenas
... The psyllid Bactericera maculipennis (Crawford) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) often cohabits field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis, Solanales: Convolvulaceae) and other plants with the congeneric psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc), in the Pacific Northwestern United States. Bactericera cockerelli is a vector of “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum,” the pathogen associated with zebra chip disease of ...
biodiversity; data collection; ornithology; taxonomy; California
Abstract:
... Online systems for observation reporting by citizen scientists have been operating for many years. iNaturalist (California Academy of Sciences 2016), eBird (Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2016) and Observado (Observation International 2016) are well-known international systems, Artportalen (Swedish Species Information Centre 2016) and Artsobservasjoner (Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre 2016) ...
alternative medicine; consciousness; focus groups; interviews; musculoskeletal system; patients; placebos
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Complementary therapists spend considerable time with their patients, especially in the first consultation. The communication between patients and their therapists is important for raising consciousness and activation of the patient’s self-healing power. Thus, the aims in this study were to delineate what complementary therapists regard as essential in patient consultations, their view ...
electricity; embodied energy; energy costs; infrastructure
Abstract:
... Attempts to assess the possibility of deriving all energy from renewable sources typically deal only with the aggregate amount of energy required, and do not consider the implications and difficulties arising from the need for differing forms of energy. In a 100% renewable system some of these forms will have to be provided by conversion from others, mostly from electricity. Conversion involves in ...
... On the vine, phosphorus deficiency causes a reduction in the development of the root system and growth retardation. This study aimed to define the best option in phosphorus fertilization of vines 'Chardonnay' as well of the quality of grape must. The experiments it was carried out by for the Core for Study, Research and Extension in Enology (NEPE2)/UNIPAMPA - Campus Dom Pedrito, RS, Brazil, with g ...
... The non-climacteric ripening characteristics, including delayed peel coloration and pulp softening, of 'Jen-Ju Bar' ('JJB') guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a result of a reduction in the usually massive amount of ethylene produced during the ripening stage. To elucidate the underlying physiological mechanism, four cDNA clones of ACC synthase (PgACS1 and PgACS2) and ACC oxidase (PgACO1 and PgACO2), t ...
breeding; breeding programs; brix; cultivars; flavor; growers; markets; retail marketing; shelf life; strawberries; vigor; Northern European region; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Since 1988, the strawberry breeding programme at East Malling has successfully released 43 cultivars primarily for the Northern European market. The latest cultivar release, 'Malling Centenary', represents the first mainstream cultivar developed under the direction of East Malling Strawberry Breeding Club (EMSBC) which was formed in 2008 to continue the development of new strawberry cultivars at E ...
... In spring 2006 sweet cherry cultivar ʻReginaʼ was planted on Gisela 3, Gisela 5 and Weiroot 72 at three tree spacings 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 m in several locations of Alpe Adria region in Europe. After the sixth leaf results for tree vigour, productivity and fruit weight were evaluated. Tree vigour was affected by location, rootstock and rootstock × location combination. Trees in Maribor and Sondrio wer ...
... In the history of strawberry breeding, selection for aroma was mainly conducted to avoid untypical flavor notes. The depleted aroma patterns of modern cultivars resulted from fixation on breeding goals like high yield, large, firm and optically attractive fruit. Genetic erosion was clearly demonstrated in comparative studies using old and modern cultivars. Wild species introgression can serve to i ...
Garcinia atroviridis; Garcinia gummi-guta; active ingredients; body weight; common names; cultivars; dried fruit; flavor; fruits; growers; home gardens; income; leaves; mountains; orchards; seedlings; soups; taste; villages; Thailand
Abstract:
... 'Som Kandarn', the local name of a cultivar of Garcinia atroviridis Griff., was found many years ago in Kiriwong village, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand. Growers have planted a few 'Som Kandarn' seedlings in mixed-fruit-cropping orchards in the mountains, especially in low-fertility areas. 'Som Kandarn' has been known in the village as an easy-to-grow fruit tree. Mainly the fruit ...
... Over the last 30 years, (±)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate ((±)-FLEC) was used as a chiral derivatizing agent in various analytical applications involving a wide range of endogenous, pharmaceutical and environmentally relevant molecules.This comprehensive review aims to present all the significant aspects related to the state of the art in FLEC labeling and subsequent chiral separation of the ...
apoptosis; bark; chemical structure; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; spectral analysis
Abstract:
... Four new compounds, (+)- and (−)-ecarlottone (1), (±)-fislatifolione (5), (±)-isofislatifolione (6), and (±)-fislatifolic acid (7), and the known desmethoxyyangonin (2), didymocarpin-A (3), and dehydrodidymocarpin-A (4) were isolated from the stem bark of Fissistigma latifolium, by means of bioassay-guided purification using an in vitro affinity displacement assay based on the modulation of Bcl-xL ...
... (+)-Meyeniins A–C (1–3), a novel class of sulfur-containing hexahydroimidazo[1,5-c]thiazole derivatives, were isolated from the tubers of Lepidium meyenii (maca) cultivated in Lijiang, Yunnan province, China. Guided by their biosynthetic hypothesis, a stereocontrolled biomimetic synthesis of meyeniins A–C and their individual enantiomers was efficiently accomplished by a combination of a condensat ...
Chen Wei-Lun; Ren Yulin; Ren Jinhong; Erxleben Christian; Johnson Michael E.; Gentile Saverio; Kinghorn A. Douglas; Swanson Steven M.; Burdette Joanna E.
... (+)-Strebloside, a cardiac glycoside isolated from the stem bark of Streblus asper collected in Vietnam, has shown some potential for further investigation as an antineoplastic agent. A mechanistic study using an in vitro assay and molecular docking analysis indicated that (+)-strebloside binds and inhibits Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in a similar manner to digitoxin. Inhibition of growth of different high-grad ...
Arabidopsis thaliana; X-ray diffraction; biosynthesis; chemical structure; derivatization; genes; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; organic compounds
Abstract:
... Two GFPPS linked (+)-thalianatriene (1) and (−)-retigeranin B (2) sesterterpene synthase genes were identified from the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. 1 possesses an unprecedented 11–6–5 tricyclic ring system, while 2 contains a characteristic 5–5–5–6–5 pentacyclic ring system. Their structures were determined by extensive NMR spectroscopy, chemical derivatization, and X-ray crystallography. The ...
... Endothelial inflammation is an increasingly prevalent condition in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. (-)-7(S)-hydroxymatairesinol (7-HMR), a naturally occurring plant lignan, possesses both antioxidant and anti-cancer properties and therefore would be a good strategy to suppress tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-mediated inflammation in vascular endothelial cells (VECs).: The objecti ...
cytosol; dephosphorylation; genetic markers; green tea; muscle development; muscles; myosin heavy chains; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Muscle loss is a typical process of aging. Green tea consumption is known to slow down the progress of aging. Their underlying mechanisms, however, remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic compound of green tea, on myogenic differentiation and found that EGCG significantly increases myogenic differentiation. After EG ...
active sites; carbon dioxide; catalysts; composite materials; electrochemistry; graphene; graphene oxide; hydrogen production; nanoflowers; surface area
Abstract:
... A new composite material consisting of 0D MoS2 nanodots and 3D MoS2 nano-flowers grown on porous reduced graphene oxide (P-rGO) was synthesized via a two-step process. The P-rGO with a surface area of 759 m2 g−1 was obtained by CO2 activation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) at 800 °C. MoS2 was then grown on the P-rGO under hydrothermal conditions. Compared to the nonactivated rGO, P-rGO has functi ...
... Tin disulfide is considered to be a promising anode material for Li ion batteries because of its high theoretical capacity as well as its natural abundance of sulfur and tin. Practical implementation of tin disulfide is, however, strongly hindered by inferior rate performance and poor cycling stability of unoptimized material. In this work, carbon-encapsulated tin disulfide nanoplates with a (101) ...
Ferrisia virgata; adults; alcohols; arthropods; bioassays; carboxylic esters; enantiomers; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; greenhouses; high performance liquid chromatography; insecticidal properties; insects; males; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; pyrethrins; sex pheromones; trapping
Abstract:
... Derivatives of 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (chrysanthemic acid) are classic natural pyrethroids discovered in pyrethrum plants and show insecticidal activity. Chrysanthemic acid, with two asymmetric carbons, has four possible stereoisomers, and most natural pyrethroids have the (1R,3R)-trans configuration. Interestingly, chrysanthemic acid–related structures are ...
alkenes; chemical reactions; chemical structure; organic chemistry; salts
Abstract:
... Cationic 1-aza-2-azoniaallene salts react with structurally constrained alkenes in intramolecular reactions by C–H insertion at the allylic position, or by (2+1)-cycloaddition with the alkene followed by ring opening. The latter reaction gives further evidence of the nitrenium-like character of 1-aza-2-azoniaallene salts. DFT calculations show that alkene addition is intrinsically more favorable, ...
... An increasing body of evidence suggests that the volatile pheromones of cerambycid beetles are much more diverse in structure than previously hypothesized. Here, we describe the identification, synthesis, and field testing of (2E,6Z,9Z)-2,6,9-pentadecatrienal as a male-produced aggregation-sex pheromone of the cerambycid Elaphidion mucronatum (Say) (subfamily Cerambycinae, tribe Elaphidiini). This ...
Acharya Suresh; Stark Timo D.; Oh Seung Tack; Jeon Songhee; Pak Sok Cheon; Kim Mina; Hur Jinyoung; Matsutomo Toshiaki; Hofmann Thomas; Hill Rodney A.; Balemba Onesmo B.
... We investigated the antioxidative properties of (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-manniflavanone (MF) using in vitro assays and examined its effects on myogenesis and lactate-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 cells. MF was purified from Garcinia buchananii stem bark. H₂O₂ and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays demonstrated that MF is a powerful antioxidant. This finding was supported by diphenylpicrylhydrazi ...
... Three prenylflavanones, (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-8-(3″,3″-dimethylallyl)flavanone (3), (2S)-5,4′-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-6-(3″,3″-dimethylallyl)flavanone (6), 8-prenylnaringenin (11), and a new epimeric pair (2″S/2″R)-(2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-6-(2″-hydroxy-3″-methylbut-3″-enyl)flavanones (4a/4b) were isolated together with taraxerone, taraxerol, epitaraxerol, β-sitosterol, oleanolic acid, 1- ...
catalysts; chemical elements; chemical reactions; chemical structure; organic compounds; solvents; stereochemistry
Abstract:
... Four novel chiral imidazolium tagged molecules derived from dipeptide (2S,4R)-Hyp-(S)-Phe-OMe were prepared and evaluated as organocatalysts in the asymmetric aldol reaction using water as solvent. It was found that catalysts incorporating the hexanoyl linker are active down to 5 mol% and afford aldol products with up to 94% yield, up to 98:2 dr and up to 97:3 er. This chiral imidazolium catalyst ...
carbon; chemical reactions; chemical structure; organic compounds
Abstract:
... A strategy for the synthesis of multisubstituted hydrocarbazoles has been developed through (3 + 2)-annulation of p-quinamines and arynes. In this way, new analogs of hydrocarbazoles with quaternary carbon center can be synthesized in satisfactory yield under mild conditions. Furthermore, this (3 + 2)-annulation can be easily scaled-up, and the products can be modified through simple transformatio ...
... We evaluate (4-methoxy)-phenoxy pentafluorocyclotriphosphazene (4-MPPFPP) as a novel flame retardant and overcharge protection additive for lithium-ion batteries. The flammability of electrolytes containing 4-MPPFPP was studied by measuring the self-extinguishing time of the electrolytes. We found that 4-MPPFPP suppresses the flammability of the electrolyte. Moreover, 4-MPPFPP can be electrochemic ...
... Many uncommon non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids (NMI FA) are present in limpet gonads, but their biological properties remain unknown. To investigate new biological effects of naturally occurring NMI FA in eukaryotic cells, the biological activities of structurally analogous (4Z,15Z)-octadecadienoic acid (1), (9Z,20Z)-tricosadienoic acid (2), and (12Z,23Z)-hexacosadienoic acid (3) were examine ...
... In the 1990s, a discourse emerged within global environmental change research underlining the need to go beyond previously held boundaries between science and society. While not entirely new, this discourse has however reached the highest levels of scientific cooperation embodied among others in the Future Earth (FE) platform and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Using the conc ...
climate; climate change; education programs; learning; society; students
Abstract:
... The grand challenges of the 21st century will increasingly require societies to reconsider the pathways taken thus far. Engagement with climate change is of ever-growing importance to young people. They will be confronted with the effects of climate change throughout their entire lives and, as future decision-makers, they will vitally shape societal developments. Education will thus play a crucial ...
chemistry; composite polymers; electric potential difference; solar cells; solar energy
Abstract:
... We synthesized two types of novel poly(3-alkylthiophene)-free (D)ₙ-b-(A)ₘ conjugated block copolymers: PTQI-block-PNDISs. PTQI-b-PNDIS is the fully conjugated block copolymer, in which the donor block is connected to the acceptor block via a π-conjugated unit. In addition, the donor block was connected to an acceptor block through a non-conjugated alkylene spacer, yielding PTQI-b-PNDISL, which is ...
ambient temperature; amination; chemical structure; indolizines; organic chemistry; regioselectivity
Abstract:
... (Diacetoxy)iodobenzene (PIDA)-mediated direct oxidative C–H amination for the synthesis of 3-amino substituted imidazopyridines has been achieved under metal-free conditions at room temperature in short reaction times. This methodology is also applicable for the regioselective amination of indolizines. Experimental results suggest that the reaction likely proceeds through a radical pathway. ...
... The new ansa-phosphinoborane (dicyclohexyl(2-(dimesitylboryl)phenyl)phosphine was synthesized via an one-pot protocol in 67% yield. The compound has been characterized by ¹H, ¹³C, ¹¹B and ³¹P NMR, and its solid-state structure determined by a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The ansa-phosphinoborane does not react with molecular hydrogen or water at room or elevated temperature. Accordin ...
alkenes; biphenyl; catalysts; chemical reactions; isomers; platinum
Abstract:
... (Dicyclopentadiene) platinum(II) dichloride was found to be an efficient hydrosilylation catalyst (homogeneous) upon a wide variety of functionalized alkenes and alkenes terminated with chemical moieties (diphenyl amino-, N-carbazol- and N-isoindoline-1,3-dione-). It is noteworthy that the hydrosilylation of aminated alkenes with triethoxysilane exhibited the yield of over 70% and the selectivity ...
chemical reactions; green light; optical properties; temperature; vapors
Abstract:
... Combination of excellent optical properties and ferroelectricity of hybrid materials leads to high-performance optoelectronic devices. Here we present a new organic–inorganic hybrid compound (diisopropylammonium)₂MnBr₄ (DIPA₂MnBr₄) which shows high temperature ferroelectricity accompanied by highly efficient green-light emission. DIPA₂MnBr₄ also exhibits sensitive and selective optical response to ...
construction industry; contractors; corporate social responsibility
Abstract:
... This research aims to investigate the relationship between interorganizational trust and control and their effects on the project success from the perspective of project owners. Based on relevant literature and the actual situation in the Chinese construction industry, trust was classified as calculative trust and relational trust, and control was classified as outcome control, behavior control, a ...
... A method for the stereoselective formation of enol sulfate esters from α-aryl aldehydes is described. This method involved the stereocontrolled enolization of a carbonyl group with DBU or t-BuOK followed by trapping with a reactive sulfuryl imidazolium salt, providing the corresponding styryl enol sulfate esters in good to excellent yields and stereoselectivities. This method was applied to the fi ...
Wenbo Zhang; Daniel Schröder; Tobias Arlt; Ingo Manke; Raimund Koerver; Ricardo Pinedo; Dominik A. Weber; Joachim Sann; Wolfgang G. Zeier; Jürgen Janek
... Solid-state lithium-ion batteries (SSBs) are a promising concept for future energy storage applications. Interestingly, the mechanical effects during operation of SSBs, and their correlation to the electrochemical performance, have rarely been investigated. In such systems, the rigid mechanical coupling between the active phases and the solid electrolyte will lead to more complex non-local strain ...
... The G×E concept, in which genotype × environment interactions bring about the phenotype, is widely used to describe biological phenomena. We propose to extend the initial notion of the concept, replacing G by ‘inheritance system’. This system, comprised of both genome and epigenome components, collectively interacts with the environment to shape the development of a phenotype. In the case of the h ...
Drosophila; animals; gene expression; information storage; learning; microscopy; monitoring; proteins; proteomics; support vector machines; yeasts
Abstract:
... The development of new microscopy techniques for super-resolved, long-term monitoring of cellular and subcellular dynamics in living organisms is revealing new fundamental aspects of tissue development and repair. However, new microscopy approaches present several challenges. In addition to unprecedented requirements for data storage, the analysis of high resolution, time-lapse images is too compl ...
... Until recently, (methylthio)phenols as natural products had only been reported from bacteria. Now, four representatives of this class of sulfurous aromatic compounds have been discovered as semiochemicals in the orchid Caladenia crebra, which secures pollination by sexual deception. In this case, field bioassays confirmed that a 10:1 blend of 2-(methylthio)benzene-1,4-diol (1) and 4-hydroxy-3-(met ...
... In the last years, a considerable amount of experimental evidence has highlighted the association between neurodegenerative disorders (NDD) and the biology of mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum contacts (MERCs). In this review, we summarize the most recent findings on this topic. We underline that dysregulation of MERCs can contribute to the neurodegenerative process either by altering directly th ...
case studies; climate; climate change; environmental policy; risk; risk assessment; uncertainty; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Assessments of vulnerability to climate change are a key element to inform climate policy and research. Assessments based on the aggregation of indicators have a strong appeal for their simplicity but are at risk of over-simplification and uncertainty. This paper explores the non-robustness of indicators-based assessments to changes in assumptions on the degree of substitution or compensation betw ...
X-ray diffraction; chemical reactions; chemical structure; dyes; electrochemistry; fluorescence emission spectroscopy; organic chemistry; terthiophenes; thiophene; transistors; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Tetraazaperopyrenes (TAPPs) have been functionalized with thiophene and terthiophene units of different architecture resulting in a variety of organic donor–acceptor (D–A) compounds. The influence of the connection of the thiophenes to the TAPP core on their structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties has been studied in detail by a combination of X-ray crystallography, UV–vis and flu ...
... Oxidative stress is a key process in several diseases and a growing body of preclinical/clinical evidence has pushed forward the health benefits of (poly)phenols. The protective potential of Corema album and Arbutus unedo (Poly)phenol Digested Metabolites (PDM), generated after in vitro digestion was evaluated. Chemical alterations caused by the digestion led to alterations of compounds reactivity ...
chemical reactions; chemical structure; dimethyl sulfoxide; isothiocyanates
Abstract:
... A novel, simple approach to 2-(1-alkoxyprop-1-enyl)-5-ethenylidene-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazoles has been disclosed through the reaction of (propargylsulfanyl)-2-aza-1,3,5-trienes (readily available from alkoxyallenes, isothiocyanates, and propargyl bromide) with potassium or sodium tert-butoxide (1.1–1.4 equiv) under mild conditions [DMSO/THF (∼1:4–5), ca. −30 °C, 15–30 min]. The process proceeds thr ...
Melissa Van Bossuyt; Els Van Hoeck; Giuseppa Raitano; Serena Manganelli; Els Braeken; Gamze Ates; Tamara Vanhaecke; Sabine Van Miert; Emilio Benfenati; Birgit Mertens; Vera Rogiers
... Over the last years, more stringent safety requirements for an increasing number of chemicals across many regulatory fields (e.g. industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, …) have triggered the need for an efficient screening strategy to prioritize the substances of highest concern. In this context, alternative methods such as in silico (i.e. computational) techniques gain more and m ...
acute toxicity; adverse outcome pathways; chronic toxicity; data collection; ecotoxicology; mechanism of action; structure-activity relationships
Abstract:
... The current state of the art of (Quantitative) Structure–Activity Relationships ((Q)SARs) to predict environmental toxicity is assessed along with recommendations to develop these models further. The acute toxicity of compounds acting by the non-polar narcotic mechanism of action can be well predicted, however other approaches, including read-across, may be required for compounds acting by specifi ...
... The gene encoding a putative (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol dehydrogenase (bdhA) from Bacillus clausii DSM 8716T was isolated, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. The amino acid sequence of the encoded protein is only distantly related to previously studied enzymes (identity 33-43%) and exhibited some uncharted peculiarities. An N-terminally StrepII-tagged enzyme variant was purified and initially ...
climate; models; surveys; China; Germany; United States
Abstract:
... We provide a new approach for identifying a strategic use of equity arguments in international (climate) negotiations. We first develop a theoretical model of strategic delegation which accounts for both environmental as well as equity preferences. We show that the strategic use of equity arguments qualitatively depends on the extent to which environmental preferences can be misrepresented: repres ...