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1. Ancient DNA reveals complexity in the evolutionary history and taxonomy of the endangered Australian brush-tailed bettongs (Bettongia: Marsupialia: Macropodidae: Potoroinae)

Author:
Haouchar, Dalal; Pacioni, Carlo; Haile, James; McDowell, Matthew C.; Baynes, Alexander; Phillips, Matthew J.; Austin, Jeremy J.; Pope, Lisa C.; Bunce, Michael
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 2907-2927
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
Bettongia; Diplopoda; Macropodidae; bones; breeding; cytochrome b; data collection; dry environmental conditions; ecosystem engineers; fossils; genes; genetic markers; genetic variation; genotyping; habitat destruction; microsatellite repeats; mitochondrial DNA; nuclear genome; phylogeny; predators; seed germination; single nucleotide polymorphism; soil quality; taxonomy; Queensland; Tasmania; Western Australia
Abstract:
... The three surviving ‘brush-tailed’ bettong species—Bettongia gaimardi (Tasmania), B. tropica (Queensland) and B. penicillata (Western Australia), are all classified as threatened or endangered. These macropodids are prolific diggers and are recognised as important ‘ecosystem engineers’ that improve soil quality and increase seed germination success. However, a combination of introduced predators, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-016-1210-y

2. Books on biodiversity and conservation

Author:
Hawksworth, David L.
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 3097-3115
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
biodiversity; habitat conservation; phylogeny; soil
Abstract:
... Reviews and notices are provided on 21 books, all but two published in 2015 or 2016. These are concerned with diverse aspects of biodiversity and conservation, including phylogenetic diversity, conservation law, habitat management, soils, and regional works. This is the sixth of a series of cumulative reviews and book notices, which generally appear annually in the journal. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-016-1249-9

3. Diatom flora in Mediterranean streams: flow intermittency threatens endangered species

Author:
Falasco, Elisa; Piano, Elena; Bona, Francesca
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 2965-2986
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; biodiversity; drought; endangered species; flora; freshwater; habitat fragmentation; macrophytes; microhabitats; plankton; refuge habitats; rivers; statistical models; stream channels; summer; water shortages
Abstract:
... In the context of global environmental changes, Mediterranean rivers are considered highly endangered. Temporal and spatial increases of the dry stretches during the summer lead to the loss of river tridimensional connectivity, which represents a major threat for freshwater biodiversity. In this study, we aimed at exploring the response of diatom communities to summer droughts by analyzing taxonom ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-016-1213-8

4. Ecological impacts of non-native Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and management measures for protected areas in Europe

Author:
Herbert, Roger J. H.; Humphreys, John; Davies, Clare. J.; Roberts, Caroline; Fletcher, Steve; Crowe, Tasman. P.
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 2835-2865
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
Crassostrea gigas; aquatic invertebrates; biodiversity; community structure; conservation areas; decision making; ecosystems; environmental impact; fisheries; habitats; indigenous species; issues and policy; livelihood; mariculture; mollusc culture; oysters; risk; socioeconomics; stakeholders; Europe
Abstract:
... Pacific oysters are now one of the most ‘globalised’ marine invertebrates. They dominate bivalve aquaculture production in many regions and wild populations are increasingly becoming established, with potential to displace native species and modify habitats and ecosystems. While some fishing communities may benefit from wild populations, there is now a tension between the continued production of P ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-016-1209-4

5. Exploring the spatiotemporal dynamics of habitat suitability to improve conservation management of a vulnerable plant species

Author:
Gonçalves, João; Alves, Paulo; Pôças, Isabel; Marcos, Bruno; Sousa-Silva, Rita; Lomba, Ângela; Honrado, João Pradinho
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 2867-2888
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
Veronica; biodiversity; biogeography; climatic factors; evapotranspiration; habitats; land cover; landscapes; models; monitoring; phenology; prediction; primary productivity; remote sensing; satellites; soil; time series analysis; vegetation; wildfires
Abstract:
... Ongoing declines in biodiversity caused by global environmental changes call for adaptive conservation management, including the assessment of habitat suitability spatiotemporal dynamics potentially affecting species persistence. Remote sensing (RS) provides a wide-range of satellite-based environmental variables that can be fed into species distribution models (SDMs) to investigate species-enviro ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-016-1206-7

6. Giant panda reintroduction: factors affecting public support

Author:
Ma, Kai; Liu, Dingzhen; Wei, Rongping; Zhang, Guiquan; Xie, Hao; Huang, Yan; Li, Desheng; Zhang, Hemin; Xu, Haigen
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 2987-3004
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca; accountability; animals; attitudes and opinions; biodiversity conservation; carnivores; educational status; endangered species; interviews; residential areas; wildlife; willingness to pay; China
Abstract:
... Reintroducing captive-born individuals of some extirpated flagship animal species is a helpful and remedy measure for promoting biodiversity conservation, and a successful reintroduction relies heavily on public support. However, little information is available on the factors affecting the public support for reintroduction of large carnivore species. In order to evaluate public support and willing ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-016-1215-6

7. Hybrid ecosystems can contribute to local biodiversity conservation

Author:
Kasari, Liis; Saar, Liina; de Bello, Francesco; Takkis, Krista; Helm, Aveliina
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 3023-3041
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
biodiversity conservation; chalk grasslands; ecosystems; environmental factors; functional diversity; habitats; indigenous species; land use change; landscapes; phylogeny; species diversity; Europe
Abstract:
... Calcareous grasslands have become severely threatened habitats in Europe. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in plant species richness, and functional and phylogenetic diversity in northern Estonian calcareous (alvar) grasslands resampled after 90 years of land-use change. Functional traits characterizing species that have benefited most from decreased habitat area and altered en ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-016-1218-3

8. Potential conflict between future development of natural resources and high-value wildlife habitats in boreal landscapes

Author:
Suzuki, Nobuya; Parker, Katherine L.
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 3043-3073
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
Alces alces; Rangifer tarandus; Ursus arctos; case studies; elks; forest resources; forests; geographic information systems; growing season; habitat destruction; landscapes; minerals; oils; planning; resource management; roads; sheep; wildlife; wildlife habitats; wind power; winter; wolves; British Columbia
Abstract:
... We used the Muskwa-Kechika Management Area in northeast British Columbia, Canada as a case study to determine potential conflicts between future resource development and high-value habitats of large mammals in an undeveloped boreal landscape. More than 50 % of high-value habitats for caribou, moose, elk, wolves and grizzly bears were located in Special Resource Management Zones, where natural reso ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-016-1219-2

9. Putting indigenous conservation policy into practice delivers biodiversity and cultural benefits

Author:
Ens, Emilie; Scott, Mitchell. L.; Rangers, Yugul Mangi; Moritz, Craig; Pirzl, Rebecca
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 2889-2906
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; genetic variation; indigenous knowledge; indigenous peoples; issues and policy; land management; languages; program planning; resource management; Australia
Abstract:
... In the midst of global species loss, Indigenous languages and culture are experiencing similar declines. Current international policies and programs advocate the involvement of local and Indigenous people in sustaining biodiversity and culture, but the anticipated benefits are not always realized or assessed. This paper draws on three objectives of current international and Australian policy to ex ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-016-1207-6

10. Restoration of semi-natural grasslands, a success for phytophagous beetles (Curculionidae)

Author:
Steiner, Magdalena; Öckinger, Erik; Karrer, Gerhard; Winsa, Marie; Jonsell, Mats
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 3005-3022
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
Curculionidae; animal communities; birds; community structure; grasslands; grazing; landscapes; pasture management; pastures; shrubs; species diversity; trees; understory; vascular plants; woody plants; Sweden
Abstract:
... Semi-natural pastures have rich plant and animal communities of high conservation value which depend on extensive management. As the area of such land decreases, abandoned semi-natural grasslands have been restored to re-establish biodiversity. Restoration schemes, which include thinning of woody plants and reintroduction of grazing, are mainly designed according to the responses of well-studied g ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-016-1217-4

11. Squeezed out: the consequences of riparian zone modification for specialist invertebrates

Author:
Sinnadurai, Paul; Jones, T. H.; Ormerod, S. J.
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 3075-3092
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
Bembidion; biodiversity; climate change; community structure; ecosystems; ecotones; ground vegetation; habitats; invertebrates; land use; models; riparian areas; rivers; sediments; summer; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... While anthropogenic biodiversity loss in fresh waters is among the most rapid of all ecosystems, impacts on the conservation of associated riparian zones are less well documented. Riverine ecotones are particularly vulnerable to the combined ‘squeeze’ between land-use encroachment, discharge regulation and climate change. Over a 3-year period of persistent low discharge in a regulated, temperate r ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-016-1220-9

12. Succession changes in diversity and assemblages composition of planthoppers and leafhoppers in natural ancient peat bogs in Belarus

Author:
Sushko, Gennadi G.
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 2947-2963
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
Cicadellidae; Fulgoroidea; environmental factors; eurytopic species; insects; linear models; peatlands; shrubs; species diversity; terrestrial ecosystems; vegetation; Belarus; Central European region
Abstract:
... Succession has a strong influence on species diversity and composition of terrestrial ecosystems. Peat bogs are among them. They have a large area in Belarus compared to other Central European countries. While in several studies have analyzed the effects of succession on vegetation in peat bog ecosystems, the response of peatland insects to succession has not been investigated yet. To address this ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-016-1212-9

13. Who owns sturgeon in the Caspian? New theoretical model of social responses towards state conservation policy

Author:
Ermolin, Ilya; Svolkinas, Linas
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 2929-2945
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii; coasts; fisheries; fishermen; issues and policy; models; river deltas; sturgeon; Caspian Sea; Russia
Abstract:
... This article explores responses to the implementation of Russian sturgeon conservation policy in three fishing communities (in Dagestan, Kalmykia and the Volga River delta areas), along the Western and Northern coasts of the Caspian Sea. Enforcement of regulatory measures has led to complex socio-cultural responses. We show how social responses to conservation policy generate various forms of poac ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-016-1211-x

14. Adaptation to climate through flowering phenology: a case study in Medicago truncatula

Author:
Burgarella, Concetta; Chantret, Nathalie; Gay, Laurène; Prosperi, Jean‐Marie; Bonhomme, Maxime; Tiffin, Peter; Young, Nevin D.; Ronfort, Joelle
Source:
Molecular ecology 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 3397-3415
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Medicago truncatula; altitude; atmospheric precipitation; case studies; chromosomes; climatic factors; flowering; genes; genetic variation; latitude; longitude; phenology; phenotype; quantitative trait loci; temperature
Abstract:
... Local climatic conditions likely constitute an important selective pressure on genes underlying important fitness‐related traits such as flowering time, and in many species, flowering phenology and climatic gradients strongly covary. To test whether climate shapes the genetic variation on flowering time genes and to identify candidate flowering genes involved in the adaptation to environmental het ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.13683

15. Ancient DNA from the extinct South American giant glyptodont Doedicurus sp. (Xenarthra: Glyptodontidae) reveals that glyptodonts evolved from Eocene armadillos

Author:
Mitchell, Kieren J.; Scanferla, Agustin; Soibelzon, Esteban; Bonini, Ricardo; Ochoa, Javier; Cooper, Alan
Source:
Molecular ecology 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 3499-3508
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Cingulata; DNA; Dasypodidae; burrowing; fauna; forests; grasslands; grazing; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; mammals; mitochondrial genome; nucleic acid hybridization; phylogeny; temperature; woodlands; South America
Abstract:
... Glyptodonts were giant (some of them up to ~2400 kg), heavily armoured relatives of living armadillos, which became extinct during the Late Pleistocene/early Holocene alongside much of the South American megafauna. Although glyptodonts were an important component of Cenozoic South American faunas, their early evolution and phylogenetic affinities within the order Cingulata (armoured New World plac ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.13695

16. Applying landscape genetics to the microbial world

Author:
Dudaniec, Rachael Y.; Tesson, Sylvie V. M.
Source:
Molecular ecology 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 3266-3275
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
bioinformatics; ecologists; environmental factors; gene flow; genetic techniques and protocols; genetic variation; genome; genomics; landscapes; microbial genetics; microorganisms
Abstract:
... Landscape genetics, which explicitly quantifies landscape effects on gene flow and adaptation, has largely focused on macroorganisms, with little attention given to microorganisms. This is despite overwhelming evidence that microorganisms exhibit spatial genetic structuring in relation to environmental variables. The increasing accessibility of genomic data has opened up the opportunity for landsc ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.13691

17. As thick as three in a bed

Author:
Scheidegger, Christoph
Source:
Molecular ecology 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 3261-3263
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Agyriales; Lecanorales; Peltigerales; algae; climate; fertilizer analysis; fertilizer application; forest ecosystems; fruiting bodies; fungi; least squares; lichens; morphometry; nitrogen fertilizers; nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria; phylogeny; soil ecology; symbiosis; thallus
Abstract:
... During the evolution of the lichen symbiosis, shifts from one main type of photobiont to another were infrequent (Miadlikowska et al.) but some remarkable transitions from green algal to diazotrophic cyanobacterial photobionts are known from unrelated fungal clades within the ascomycetes. Cyanobacterial, including tripartite, associations (green algal and cyanobacterial photobionts in one lichen i ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.13710

18. A synthesis of genetic connectivity in deep‐sea fauna and implications for marine reserve design

Author:
Baco, Amy R.; Etter, Ron J.; Ribeiro, Pedro A.; von der Heyden, Sophie; Beerli, Peter; Kinlan, Brian P.
Source:
Molecular ecology 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 3276-3298
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
adults; anthropogenic activities; conservation areas; fauna; fish; geometry; habitats; hydrodynamics; invertebrates; larvae; life history; lifestyle
Abstract:
... With anthropogenic impacts rapidly advancing into deeper waters, there is growing interest in establishing deep‐sea marine protected areas (MPAs) or reserves. Reserve design depends on estimates of connectivity and scales of dispersal for the taxa of interest. Deep‐sea taxa are hypothesized to disperse greater distances than shallow‐water taxa, which implies that reserves would need to be larger i ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.13689

19. Escape from the cryptic species trap: lichen evolution on both sides of a cyanobacterial acquisition event

Author:
Schneider, Kevin; Resl, Philipp; Spribille, Toby
Source:
Molecular ecology 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 3453-3468
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Placopsis; adaptive radiation; fruiting bodies; fungi; least squares; lichens; morphometry; nitrogen; nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria; phenotype; phylogeny; symbionts; symbiosis; thallus
Abstract:
... Large, architecturally complex lichen symbioses arose only a few times in evolution, increasing thallus size by orders of magnitude over those from which they evolved. The innovations that enabled symbiotic assemblages to acquire and maintain large sizes are unknown. We mapped morphometric data against an eight‐locus fungal phylogeny across one of the best‐sampled thallus size transition events, t ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.13636
PubMed:
27037681
PubMed Central:
PMC5324663

20. Genetic and morphological evidence of a geographically widespread hybrid zone between two crocodile species, Crocodylus acutus and Crocodylus moreletii

Author:
Pacheco‐Sierra, Gualberto; Gompert, Zachariah; Domínguez‐Laso, Jerónimo; Vázquez‐Domínguez, Ella
Source:
Molecular ecology 2016 v.25 no.14 pp. 3484-3498
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Crocodylus acutus; Crocodylus moreletii; backcrossing; crocodiles; gene flow; geographical distribution; hybridization; hybrids; secondary contact; sympatry
Abstract:
... Hybrid zones represent natural laboratories to study gene flow, divergence and the nature of species boundaries between closely related taxa. We evaluated the level and extent of hybridization between Crocodylus moreletii and Crocodylus acutus using genetic and morphological data on 300 crocodiles from 65 localities. To our knowledge, this is the first genetic study that includes the entire histor ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.13694