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1. Simple and rapid quantification of brominated vegetable oil in commercial soft drinks by LC–MS

Author:
Chitranshi, Priyanka; Gamboa da Costa, Gonçalo
Source:
Food chemistry 2016 v.213 pp. 567-570
ISSN:
0308-8146
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; derivatization; hydrolysis; ionization; markets; mass spectrometry; rapid methods; soft drinks; vegetable oil; United States
Abstract:
... We report here a simple and rapid method for the quantification of brominated vegetable oil (BVO) in soft drinks based upon liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Unlike previously reported methods, this novel method does not require hydrolysis, extraction or derivatization steps, but rather a simple “dilute and shoot” sample preparation. The quantification is conducted b ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.110
PubMed:
27451219
PubMed Central:
PMC5009762

2. Antiviral activity of micafungin against enterovirus 71

Author:
Kim, Chonsaeng; Kang, Hyunju; Kim, Dong-eun; Song, Jae-Hyoung; Choi, Miri; Kang, Mingu; Lee, Kyungjin; Kim, Hae Soo; Shin, Jin Soo; Jeong, Hyejeong; Jung, Sunhee; Han, Sang-Bae; Kim, Jong Heon; Ko, Hyun-Jeong; Lee, Chong-Kyo; Kim, Meehyein; Cho, Sungchan
Source:
Virology journal 2016 v.13 no.1 pp. 99
ISSN:
1743-422X
Subject:
Enterovirus A; Food and Drug Administration; antifungal agents; antiviral properties; children; drugs; hand, foot and mouth disease; inhibitory concentration 50; micafungin; polyproteins; replicon; therapeutics
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major causative agent of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and also causes severe neurological complications, leading to fatality in young children. However, no effective therapy is currently available for the treatment of this infection. METHODS: We identified small-molecule inhibitors of EV71 from a screen of 968 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved dru ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12985-016-0557-8
PubMed:
27296985
PubMed Central:
PMC4907259

3. Effects of Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule on neurovascular functions assessed by quantitative multiparametric MRI in a rat model of permanent cerebral ischemia

Author:
Zhang, Jian; Zou, Haiyan; Zhang, Qiuxia; Wang, Lei; Lei, Jianfeng; Wang, Yali; Ouyang, Junyao; Zhang, Yi; Zhao, Hui
Source:
BMC complementary and alternative medicine 2016 v.16 no.1 pp. 198
ISSN:
1472-6882
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; Oriental traditional medicine; alternative medicine; angiography; animal models; arteries; astrocytes; blood; blood flow; drugs; edema; fluorescent antibody technique; histopathology; image analysis; immunohistochemistry; infarction; ischemia; magnetic resonance imaging; magnetism; metabolism; metabolites; nerve fibers; oral administration; protective effect; spectroscopy; staining; stroke; transmission electron microscopy; China
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula for treating stroke-induced disability. Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule (XSECC), derived from the formula BYHWD, is a drug approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for stroke management. To further investigate the potential protective effects of XSECC on neurovascular functions, we endeavo ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12906-016-1184-z
PubMed:
27391841
PubMed Central:
PMC4938911

4. Long-term adaptive evolution of Leuconostoc mesenteroides for enhancement of lactic acid tolerance and production

Author:
Ju, Si Yeon; Kim, Jin Ho; Lee, Pyung Cheon
Source:
Biotechnology for biofuels 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 240
ISSN:
1754-6834
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; GRAS substances; Lactobacillus; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; acid tolerance; adenosinetriphosphatase; ammonia; cell growth; cosmetics; evolutionary adaptation; food industry; gene expression regulation; growth retardation; lactic acid; lactic acid bacteria; mutants; mutation; pH; plastics; proteomics; protons; viability
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Lactic acid has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) and is commonly used in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Applications of lactic acid have also emerged in the plastics industry. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus, are widely used as lactic acid producers for food-relate ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13068-016-0662-3
PubMed:
27843489
PubMed Central:
PMC5103595

5. Complete Molecular Weight Profiling of Low-Molecular Weight Heparins Using Size Exclusion Chromatography-Ion Suppressor-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Author:
Zaia, Joseph; Khatri, Kshitij; Klein, Joshua; Shao, Chun; Sheng, Yuewei; Viner, Rosa
Source:
Analytical chemistry 2016 v.88 no.21 pp. 10654-10660
ISSN:
1520-6882
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; blood coagulation disorders; depolymerization; drugs; engineering; gel chromatography; heparin; mass spectrometry; molecular weight
Abstract:
... Low-molecular weight heparins (LMWH) prepared by partial depolymerization of unfractionated heparin are used globally to treat coagulation disorders on an outpatient basis. Patent protection for several LMWH has expired and abbreviated new drug applications have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. As a result, reverse engineering of LMWH for biosimilar LMWH has become an active glob ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03081
PubMed:
27709905
PubMed Central:
PMC5111364

6. Urinary Excretion of the β-Adrenergic Feed Additives Ractopamine and Zilpaterol in Breast and Lung Cancer Patients

Author:
Cheng, Ting-Yuan David; Shelver, Weilin L.; Hong, Chi-Chen; McCann, Susan E.; Davis, Warren; Zhang, Yali; Ambrosone, Christine B.; Smith, David J.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2016 v.64 no.40 pp. 7632-7639
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; United States; zilpaterol hydrochloride; urine; red meat; ractopamine; poultry; patients; muscles; meat consumption; lung neoplasms; humans; food frequency questionnaires; food animals; feed additives; excretion; breast neoplasms; agonists; drug residues; liquid chromatography; processed meat; tandem mass spectrometry; toxicity; urinalysis
Abstract:
... β₂-Adrenergic agonists (β-agonists) have been legally used in the U.S. for almost two decades to increase lean muscle mass in meat animals. Despite a cardiotoxic effect after high-dose exposure, there has been limited research on human β-agonist exposures related to meat consumption. We quantified urinary concentrations of ractopamine and zilpaterol, two FDA-approved β-agonist feed additives, and ...
Handle:
10113/5509863
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02723
PubMed:
27641640
PubMed Central:
PMC5510757

7. Comparison of 2 methods for estimating the prevalences of inadequate and excessive iodine intakes

Author:
Juan, WenYen; Trumbo, Paula R; Spungen, Judith H; Dwyer, Johanna T; Carriquiry, Alicia L; Zimmerman, Thea P; Swanson, Christine A; Murphy, Suzanne P
Source:
TheAmerican journal of clinical nutrition 2016 v.104 no.suppl_3 pp. 888S-897S
ISSN:
1938-3207
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Total Diet Study; children; dietary recommendations; females; food intake; foods; ingredients; iodine; population distribution; United States
Abstract:
... Background: Prevalences of iodine inadequacy and excess are usually evaluated by comparing the population distribution of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in spot samples with established UIC cutoffs. To our knowledge, until now, dietary intake data have not been assessed for this purpose. Objective: Our objective was to compare 2 methods for evaluating the prevalence of iodine inadequacy and ex ...
DOI:
10.3945/ajcn.115.110346
PubMed:
27534630
PubMed Central:
PMC5004496

8. FDA regulations regarding iodine addition to foods and labeling of foods containing added iodine

Author:
Trumbo, Paula R
Source:
TheAmerican journal of clinical nutrition 2016 v.104 no.suppl_3 pp. 864S-867S
ISSN:
1938-3207
Subject:
Codex Alimentarius; Daily Values; Food and Agriculture Organization; Food and Drug Administration; World Health Organization; dietary supplements; energy content; food law; infant formulas; ingredients; iodine; issues and policy; nutrient deficiencies; potassium iodide; public health; table salt
Abstract:
... The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the addition of iodine to infant formulas, the iodization of salt, and the addition of salt and iodine to foods. The required amount of iodine in infant formulas is based on caloric content, and the label must provide the iodine content per 100 kcal. Cuprous iodide and potassium iodide may be added to table salt as a source of dietary iodine at a ...
DOI:
10.3945/ajcn.115.110338
PubMed:
27534626
PubMed Central:
PMC5004497

9. Iodine in food- and dietary supplement–composition databases

Author:
Pehrsson, Pamela R; Patterson, Kristine Y; Spungen, Judith H; Wirtz, Mark S; Andrews, Karen W; Dwyer, Johanna T; Swanson, Christine A
Source:
TheAmerican journal of clinical nutrition 2016 v.104 no.suppl_3 pp. 868S-876S
ISSN:
1938-3207
Subject:
Agricultural Research Service; Food and Drug Administration; Total Diet Study; atomic absorption spectrometry; colorimetry; databases; dietary minerals; dietary nutrient sources; dietary supplements; foods; ingredients; iodine; United States
Abstract:
... The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) of the USDA Agricultural Research Service have worked independently on determining the iodine content of foods and dietary supplements and are now harmonizing their efforts. The objective of the current article is to describe the harmonization plan and the results of initial iodine analyses accomplished under that pla ...
DOI:
10.3945/ajcn.115.110064
PubMed:
27534627
PubMed Central:
PMC5004500
CHORUS:
10.3945/ajcn.115.110064

10. Clinical Safety of a High Dose of Phycocyanin-Enriched Aqueous Extract from Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study with a Focus on Anticoagulant Activity and Platelet Activation

Author:
Jensen, Gitte S.; Drapeau, Cassandra; Lenninger, Miki; Benson, Kathleen F.
Source:
Journal of medicinal food 2016 v.19 no.7 pp. 645-653
ISSN:
1557-7600
Subject:
Arthrospira; Food and Drug Administration; GRAS substances; Spirulina; alanine transaminase; anticoagulant activity; aspartate transaminase; blood serum; fibrinogen; liver function; men; metabolism; pain; phycocyanin; placebos; platelet activation; thrombin; thromboplastin; women; United States
Abstract:
... The goal for this study was to evaluate safety regarding anticoagulant activity and platelet activation during daily consumption of an aqueous cyanophyta extract (ACE), containing a high dose of phycocyanin. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study design, 24 men and women were enrolled after informed consent, and consumed either ACE (2.3 g/day) or placebo daily for 2 weeks. The ...
DOI:
10.1089/jmf.2015.0143
PubMed:
27362442
PubMed Central:
PMC4948198

11. DrugE-Rank: improving drug–target interaction prediction of new candidate drugs or targets by ensemble learning to rank

Author:
Yuan, Qingjun; Gao, Junning; Wu, Dongliang; Zhang, Shihua; Mamitsuka, Hiroshi; Zhu, Shanfeng
Source:
Bioinformatics 2016 v.32 no.12 pp. i18
ISSN:
1460-2059
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; artificial intelligence; bioinformatics; genomics; new drugs; prediction
Abstract:
... Motivation: Identifying drug–target interactions is an important task in drug discovery. To reduce heavy time and financial cost in experimental way, many computational approaches have been proposed. Although these approaches have used many different principles, their performance is far from satisfactory, especially in predicting drug–target interactions of new candidate drugs or targets. Methods: ...
DOI:
10.1093/bioinformatics/btw244
PubMed:
27307615
PubMed Central:
PMC4908328

12. Is There a Role for the Enteral Administration of Serum-Derived Immunoglobulins in Human Gastrointestinal Disease and Pediatric Critical Care Nutrition?

Author:
Van Arsdall, Melissa; Haque, Ikram; Liu, Yuying; Rhoads, J Marc
Source:
Advances in nutrition 2016 v.7 no.3 pp. 535-543
ISSN:
2156-5376
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; Human immunodeficiency virus; World Health Organization; adults; adverse effects; antibodies; blood serum; bovine spongiform encephalopathy; cattle; chickens; childhood; children; coatings; diarrhea; diet therapy; disease control; encephalitis; enterocolitis; immunoglobulins; immunosuppression; inflammation; intestines; irritable bowel syndrome; malnutrition; medical foods; new products; nutrition; risk perception; United States
Abstract:
... Twenty years ago, there was profound, international interest in developing oral human, bovine, or chicken egg–derived immunoglobulin (Ig) for the prevention and nutritional treatment of childhood malnutrition and gastrointestinal disease, including acute diarrhea and necrotizing enterocolitis. Although such Ig products were shown to be effective, with both nutritional and antidiarrheal benefits, i ...
DOI:
10.3945/an.115.011924
PubMed:
27184280
PubMed Central:
PMC4863275

13. A Summary of the United States Food and Drug Administrations’ Food Safety Program for Imported Seafood; One Country’s Approach

Author:
Koonse, Brett
Source:
Foods 2016 v.5 no.2
ISSN:
2304-8158
Subject:
European Union; Food and Drug Administration; developed countries; developing countries; drugs; exports; food safety; imports; laws and regulations; seafoods; United States
Abstract:
... It is well known that the vast majority of seafood is captured or farmed in emerging countries and exported to developed countries. This has resulted in seafood being the number one traded food commodity in the world. Food safety is essential to this trade. Exporting countries should understand the regulatory food safety programs of the countries they ship to in order to comply with their applicab ...
DOI:
10.3390/foods5020031
PubMed:
28231127
PubMed Central:
PMC5302356

14. Characteristics of U.S. Adults with Usual Daily Folic Acid Intake above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2010

Author:
Orozco, Angela M.; Yeung, Lorraine F.; Guo, Jing; Carriquiry, Alicia; Berry, Robert J.
Source:
Nutrients 2016 v.8 no.4
ISSN:
2072-6643
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Tolerable Upper Intake Level; Whites; adults; females; folic acid; grain products; medicine; neural tube defects; women; United States
Abstract:
... The Food and Drug Administration mandated that by 1998, all enriched cereal grain products (ECGP) be fortified with folic acid in order to prevent the occurrence of neural tube defects. The Institute of Medicine established the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for folic acid (1000 µg/day for adults) in 1998. We characterized U.S. adults with usual daily folic acid intake exceeding the UL. Using N ...
DOI:
10.3390/nu8040195
PubMed:
27043623
PubMed Central:
PMC4848664

15. ICG-Conjugated magnetic graphene oxide for dual photothermal and photodynamic therapy

Author:
Ocsoy, Ismail; Isiklan, Nuran; Cansiz, Sena; Özdemir, Nalan; Tan, Weihong
Source:
RSC advances 2016 v.6 no.36 pp. 30285-30292
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; cell lines; drugs; dyes; endocytosis; graphene oxide; heat; irradiation; ligands; magnetic properties; magnetism; near infrared radiation; near-infrared spectroscopy; neoplasm cells; neoplasms; oligonucleotides; photochemotherapy; photothermotherapy; singlet oxygen; toxicity
Abstract:
... Aptamer-functionalized magnetic graphene oxide conjugates loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) dye, or Apt@ICG@mGO, have been successfully developed for dual-targeted photothermal and photodynamic therapy. In general, a drug or its carrier or their dosage can be important issues in terms of toxicity. However, in this system, each component used is quite safe, biocompatible and clean. For instance, ...
DOI:
10.1039/c6ra06798k
PubMed:
27774142
PubMed Central:
PMC5070673

16. Potential economic losses to the US corn industry from aflatoxin contamination

Author:
Mitchell, Nicole J.; Bowers, Erin; Hurburgh, Charles; Wu, Felicia
Source:
Food additives & contaminants 2016 v.33 no.3 pp. 540-550
ISSN:
1944-0057
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; aflatoxins; climate; climate change; corn; crop production; economic analysis; financial economics; food crops; fungi; industry; markets; models; probability; summer; Corn Belt region; Midwestern United States
Abstract:
... Mycotoxins, toxins produced by fungi that colonise food crops, can pose a heavy economic burden to the US corn industry. In terms of economic burden, aflatoxins are the most problematic mycotoxins in US agriculture. Estimates of their market impacts are important in determining the benefits of implementing mitigation strategies within the US corn industry, and the value of strategies to mitigate m ...
DOI:
10.1080/19440049.2016.1138545
PubMed:
26807606
PubMed Central:
PMC4815912
CHORUS:
10.1080/19440049.2016.1138545

17. Nutrient reference value: non-communicable disease endpoints—a conference report

Author:
Lupton, J. R.; Blumberg, J. B.; L’Abbe, M.; LeDoux, M.; Rice, H. B.; von Schacky, C.; Yaktine, A.; Griffiths, J. C.
Source:
European journal of nutrition 2016 v.55 no.Supplement 1 pp. 1-10
ISSN:
1436-6207
Subject:
Adequate Intakes; Codex Alimentarius; Estimated Average Requirement; Food and Drug Administration; National Institutes of Health; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Tolerable Upper Intake Level; amino acids; chronic diseases; committees; death; dietary fiber; dietary supplements; disease prevention; docosahexaenoic acid; educational institutions; eicosapentaenoic acid; experts; food intake; functional foods; health promotion; health status; humans; issues and policy; mechanism of action; minerals; normal values; nutrients; nutrition labeling; omega-3 fatty acids; purchasing; risk; risk reduction; vitamins; Germany; United States
Abstract:
... Nutrition is complex—and seemingly getting more complicated. Most consumers are familiar with “essential nutrients,” e.g., vitamins and minerals, and more recently protein and important amino acids. These essential nutrients have nutrient reference values, referred to as dietary reference intakes (DRIs) developed by consensus committees of scientific experts convened by the Institute of Medicine o ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00394-016-1195-z
PubMed:
26983608
PubMed Central:
PMC4819601

18. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the preterm infant: a case study in developmentally sensitive nutrient needs in the United States–

Author:
Brenna, J Thomas
Source:
TheAmerican journal of clinical nutrition 2016 v.103 no.2 pp. 606S-615S
ISSN:
1938-3207
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; arachidonic acid; attitudes and opinions; case studies; clinical trials; docosahexaenoic acid; infant formulas; long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; nutrients; nutrition; omega-3 fatty acids; premature birth; skin lesions; vegetable oil; United States
Abstract:
... The vast majority of infant formulas in the United States contain the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n–3) and arachidonic acid (20:4n–6), which were first permitted by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2001. As a scientific case study, preclinical animal studies of these nutrients definitively influenced the design and interpretation of human clinical ...
DOI:
10.3945/ajcn.114.103994
PubMed:
26791188
PubMed Central:
PMC4733252

19. Frequency and Severity of Neutropenia Associated with Food and Drug Administration Approved and Compounded Formulations of Lomustine in Dogs with Cancer

Author:
Burton, J.H.; Stanley, S.D.; Knych, H.K.; Rodriguez, C.O.; Skorupski, K.A.; Rebhun, R.B.
Source:
Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2016 v.30 no.1 pp. 242-246
ISSN:
0891-6640
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; dogs; drug therapy; drugs; high performance liquid chromatography; neutropenia; neutrophils; patients
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Compounded lomustine is used commonly in veterinary patients. However, the potential variability in these formulations is unknown and concern exists that compounded formulations of drugs may differ in potency from Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved products. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: The initial objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of neutropenia in ...
DOI:
10.1111/jvim.13805
PubMed:
26682700
PubMed Central:
PMC4913625