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1. Annual and multiannual production of different artichoke cultivars in northern Spain

Author:
Macua, J. I.; Lahoz, I.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 171-176
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
annuals; artichokes; autumn; coasts; cultivars; early development; fresh market; plantations; planting date; prices; propagation materials; spring; winter; Spain
Abstract:
... Artichoke production in Spain is almost exclusively based on the clonal propagating cultivar 'Blanca de Tudela'. In Navarre, the cradle of the 'Blanca de Tudela', planting is most commonly carried out during the first ten days of August, with the plants spending the winter in a rosette shape with no head production, although early planting in July is becoming increasingly common, with the aim of o ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.25

2. Artichoke: an uncivilized crop rich of diversity to be preserved and valorized

Author:
Pagnotta, M. A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 243-256
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Cynara cardunculus; Mediterranean diet; artichokes; beverages; biodiesel; biomass; cultivars; domestication; energy; fuel production; functional foods; heterozygosity; horticultural crops; human diseases; lignocellulose; paper pulp; phenotype; phylogeny; seed oils; France; Italy; Spain
Abstract:
... Cynara cardunculus L., particularly artichoke, is an important horticultural crop in Italy as well as in France and Spain. Agronomic management of this crop is challenging as traditional cultivars typically consist of heterogeneous populations. Cynara domestication has been started in Roman age, but due to: (a) its breeding system, (b) its phylogeny, including three interfertile sub species, (c) i ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.35

3. Assessment of artichoke hybrids under USA and Italian conditions and the hereditability of some important traits

Author:
Pagnotta, M. A.; Rey, N. A.; Mondini, L.; Aringoli, A.; Jordan, R.; Saccardo, F.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 257-264
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
artichokes; bracts; color; crossing; early development; environmental factors; genetic distance; genetic markers; hybrids; inbreeding depression; industry; parents; regression analysis; spring; California
Abstract:
... Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus) hybrids are not Mendelian F1 with the consequent uniformity postulated by Mendel. This is due to the fact that hybrids are not originated from crosses between two pure lines; in fact, globe artichoke suffers strong inbreeding depression. Hence, the hybrid uniformity is one of the most important characteristics together with their improved cha ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.36

4. A successful strategy to obtain artichoke hybrids

Author:
Rey, N. A.; Jordan, R.; Saccardo, F.; Pagnotta, M. A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 357-368
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
artichokes; clones; crops; crossing; cultivars; early development; fresh market; fungicides; heterosis; hybrids; industry; male fertility; males; markets; meristems; open pollination; plant growth; Italy
Abstract:
... In the last half century the world population has doubled to 7 billion, while the land under cultivation increased just by 12%, from 1.37 to 1.53 billion ha. In what manner, then, did agricultural production triple? By increasing productivity, with a combination of improved agronomical practices and improved crops. In this context the exploitation of plant heterosis has been an effective approach ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.50

5. Biochemical evaluation of artichoke cultivars propagated by seed

Author:
Di Venere, D.; Pieralice, M.; Linsalata, V.; Gatto, M. A.; Sergio, L.; Calabrese, N.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 89-94
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
antioxidant activity; artichokes; buds; cultivars; high performance liquid chromatography; hybrids; inulin; markets; phenols
Abstract:
... Artichoke hybrids propagated by seed have been recently introduced on markets and often represent a valid alternative to traditional vegetatively propagated cultivars. This paper deals with the biochemical evaluation of five artichoke hybrids propagated by seed ('Opera', 'Opal', 'Symphony', 'Madrigal', and 'Romolo') compared to the rooted offshoot propagated 'Violetto di Provenza'. On the edible p ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.13

6. Characterization of a MADS Flowering Locus C – like (MFL) in Cynara cardunculus var. altilis under different sowing and planting density

Author:
Puglia, G.; Raccuia, S. A.; Pappalardo, H.; Genovese, C.; Argento, S.; Melilli, M. G.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 301-308
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Cynara cardunculus; energy crops; flowering; genes; loci; models; oilseeds; plant density; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; sowing date; temperature; transcription (genetics); transcription factors
Abstract:
... Cynara cardunculus var. altilis has recently gained increasing importance as a valuable energy crop also mainly for oil seed production. The development of flowers is a key event in the life cycle of higher plants and a comprehensive understanding of this process can influence total yield in many fruit-bearing crops. The molecular genetic control of flower development has been well studied in some ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.42

7. Development of genetic maps and QTL analyses in Cynara cardunculus L.: state of the art

Author:
Martin, E. A.; Portis, E.; Acquadro, A.; Cravero, V. P.; Cointry, E. L.; Mauromicale, G.; Lanteri, S.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 197-208
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Cynara cardunculus; agronomic traits; artichokes; basins; cardoons; flow cytometry; genome; quantitative trait loci; surveys
Abstract:
... Cynara cardunculus (2n=2x=34) is a member of the Asteraceae family, which is the largest and one of the most ecologically successful botanical families, and possesses a medium-sized genome (flow cytometry estimation = 1.07 Gb). The species is native to the Mediterranean Basin and, in addition to globe artichoke (var. scolymus L), it includes the cultivated cardoon (var. altilis DC) and the wild ca ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.29

8. Dormancy-related genes isolation in Cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris

Author:
Raccuia, S. A.; Puglia, G.; Pappalardo, H.; Argento, S.; Leonardi, C.; Calderaro, P.; Melilli, M. G.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 315-322
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Cynara cardunculus; abscisic acid; dormancy; fruits; genes; germination; gibberellins; seeds; sequence analysis; temperature
Abstract:
... Seed physiological dormancy (PD) has been widely described as an inhibiting mechanism of germination completion of an intact viable seed under favourable conditions. Cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris germination is reported to be principally under control of temperature. Hereby we report the effect of fluctuating temperatures on C. cardunculus var. sylvestris germination behaviour with respect to ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.44

9. Effect of Cynara extracts on multiple myeloma cell lines

Author:
Genovese, C.; Brundo, M. V.; Toscano, V.; Tibullo, D.; Puglisi, F.; Raccuia, S. A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 113-118
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Cynara cardunculus; adverse effects; antineoplastic activity; antineoplastic agents; artichokes; bioactive compounds; blood; breasts; cardoons; cell culture; chemical elements; colorectal neoplasms; death; drug therapy; genotype; humans; leaves; myeloma
Abstract:
... Cancer is the main cause of death in the world. Breast, prostate, colon cancer are the most common types of neoplasia. Haematological cancer represents, also, a recurring cancer type. Today, a large number of chemotherapeutic drugs are used for cancer treatment, but researchers are looking for new possible therapies characterized by a greater efficacy and reduced side effects. There is an increasi ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.16

10. Effect of gibberellic acid application on the content of active compounds in leaves and bracts of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)

Author:
Garcia, S. M.; Rotondo, R.; Lopez Anido, F. S.; Cointry, E. L.; Santa Cruz, P.; Furlan, R.; Escalante, A. M.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 103-112
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Cynara cardunculus subsp. cardunculus; active ingredients; antioxidants; artichokes; bracts; chlorogenic acid; crop management; detectors; developmental stages; freezers; functional foods; genotype; gibberellic acid; high performance liquid chromatography; leaves; mass spectrometry; phenols; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; vegetative growth; Argentina
Abstract:
... The artichoke is considered as a “functional food” by containing antioxidant compounds, particularly phenols. The content of these active principles depends on the stage of development, genotype, crop management and the portion of the plant under study. The aim was to determine the concentration of cynarin and chlorogenic acid in leaves and bracts in vegetative and reproductive stages of the plant ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.15

11. Effect of nitrogen management on wild and domestic genotypes of cardoon for agro-energy purpose

Author:
Boari, F.; Schiattone, M. I.; Calabrese, N.; Montesano, F. F.; Cantore, V.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 15-22
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Cynara cardunculus; Trifolium subterraneum subsp. brachycalycinum; biomass; cardoons; drought; energy crops; experimental design; food crops; genotype; grain yield; growing season; intercropping; irrigation; landraces; nitrogen; nitrogen fixation; renewable energy sources; seed yield; Italy; Mediterranean region
Abstract:
... In the last decade, among the species proposed for the production of renewable energy, a growing interest has been directed toward the cardoon, due to the high biomass that can be obtained even in marginal environments without irrigation and with low input nitrogen. Studies carried out in Italy and in other Mediterranean countries demonstrated the high variability of the cardoon response in terms ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.3

12. Effect of plant density on biomass yield of Cynara cardunculus

Author:
Sanz, M.; Mauri, P. V.; Curt, M. D.; Sanchez, J.; Garcia-Muller, M.; Plaza, A.; Fernandez, J.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 385-392
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Cynara cardunculus; Mediterranean climate; autumn; biofuels; biomass production; dry matter content; energy crops; leaves; nitrogen content; plant density; rain; sowing; stems; summer; Spain
Abstract:
... Cynara cardunculus L. is a perennial herb that has been proposed as an energy crop in Mediterranean environments because of its adaptation to dry and hot summers. Plant density is an important factor for biomass production but it is related to water availability; therefore, in water-constrained conditions it should be optimized. In this work the effect of plant density on the production of C. card ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.54

13. Effects of heavy metals on seedlings germination and growth in different cardoon genotypes

Author:
Pappalardo, H.; Leonardi, C.; Genovese, C.; Toscano, V.; Melilli, M. G.; Raccuia, S. A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 281-288
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Cynara cardunculus; Mediterranean climate; agar; arsenic; autumn; cadmium; cardoons; environmental factors; genotype; growth chambers; heavy metals; phytoremediation; polluted soils; ripening; seed germination; seedling emergence; seedling growth; seedlings; seeds; summer; winter
Abstract:
... Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a perennial crop, particularly adapted to the Mediterranean environment with a very intensive growth in autumn and winter and seed ripening in summer. The crop is able to accumulate heavy metals from polluted soils and thus it seems to tolerate this stress. Up to now, there are no studies on seed germination and emergence of cardoon seedlings under heavy metal st ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.39

14. Effects of kaolin on gas exchange, yield and head atrophy of artichoke, Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus (L.) Hayek

Author:
Cantore, V.; Schiattone, M. I.; Calabrese, N.; Boari, F.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 35-42
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
air temperature; antitranspirants; artichokes; atrophy; calcium; climatic factors; early development; evaporative demand; gas exchange; kaolin; leaves; photosynthesis; relative humidity; sap flow; transpiration; water use efficiency; Italy
Abstract:
... Environmental stress, as high air temperature and low relative humidity, increases the evaporative demand of the atmosphere, drives the sap flow mainly towards the leaves and causes a calcium deficiency in the artichoke heads that often promotes the formation of atrophic heads. The hypothesis is that conditions leading to a reduction of leaf temperature and transpiration can contribute to reduce t ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.5

15. Effects of mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and quality of artichoke

Author:
Colonna, E.; Rouphael, Y.; De Pascale, S.; Barbieri, G.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 43-50
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Azospirillum brasilense; Azotobacter chroococcum; Bacillus megaterium; Cynara cardunculus subsp. cardunculus; Pseudomonas fluorescens; antioxidant activity; artichokes; beneficial microorganisms; bracts; buds; cultivars; gallic acid; hydrophilicity; inoculum; micropropagation; mycorrhizae; mycorrhizal fungi; nitrates; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; spores; yield components
Abstract:
... In the last two decades, increased interest in sustainable agricultural practices has seen the growing development and use of commercial microbial inoculants for increasing crop productivity and resource use efficiency. Microbial inoculants mainly include free-living bacteria, fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The aim of the current experiment was to assess the effect of two commercial ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.6

16. Eight artichoke accessions show differences in cynarin content and Cshct and Cshqt gene expression during the growing season

Author:
Pino, M. T.; Zamora, O.; Aguayo, F.; Saavedra, G.; Tobar, G.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 289-296
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Cynara cardunculus subsp. cardunculus; DNA; artichokes; bracts; cholesterol; gene expression; growing season; high performance liquid chromatography; industry; irrigation; leaves; metabolites; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; spring; vegetative growth; wavelengths
Abstract:
... In order to add-value to artichoke production for industry and fresh purposes, different artichoke accessions were evaluated in term of cynarin content (1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid), a metabolite associated to breakdown fat, bile-stimulating effects, and reduced cholesterol production. During 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 seasons, cynarin, Cshct and Cshqt gene expression were evaluated in artichoke access ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.40

17. Electromagnetic treatments of cardoon seeds affect plant growth and linoleic acid content

Author:
Sharaf-Eldin, M. A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 399-406
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Cynara cardunculus; adventitious shoots; cardoons; field experimentation; leaves; linoleic acid; magnetic fields; plant growth; seeds
Abstract:
... The cardoon plant (Cynara cardunculus L.) is suitable for cultivation in the reclaimed desert lands. A field experiment was carried out during two successive seasons to study the effect of magnetic fields (MF) on cardoon growth and its linoleic acid content. A 75 mT (millitesla) MF was used as follows: MF0 (control) not exposed to the magnetic field, three different MF exposure durations studied a ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.56

18. Evaluation of cardoon seeds presscake for animal feeding

Author:
Genovese, C.; Platania, C.; Venticinque, M.; Calderaro, P.; Argento, S.; Scandurra, S.; Raccuia, S. A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 323-328
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Cynara cardunculus; animal feeding; animal nutrition; bioactive compounds; biorefining; byproducts; caffeic acid; cardoons; catechin; chlorogenic acid; crop residues; energy; fatty acids; feeds; food processing wastes; oils; pressing; seeds; sulfur amino acids; tryptophan
Abstract:
... The research of new formulations of innovative animal feed highly healthy through the use of biologically active compounds, derived from food processing wastes and crop residues from the production of agroenergy, is increasing. The cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) seeds presscake is a by-product of the biorefinery that could be used in animal nutrition, due to its content of protein, fibre and lipi ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.45

19. Evaluation of commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculants on micropropagated early globe artichoke during the acclimatization stage

Author:
Ruta, C.; Tagarelli, A.; Vancini, C.; de Mastro, G.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 369-374
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
horticultural crops; cultivars; potassium hydroxide; survival rate; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae; plantlets; staining; artichokes; greenhouses; shoots; acclimation; inoculum; Rhizophagus intraradices; Cynara cardunculus; lactic acid; micropropagation; markets; roots; abiotic stress; fungi
Abstract:
... During the last years, mycorrhizal symbiosis has been used in many micropropagated horticultural crops in order to improve the acclimatization of in vitro plantlets. This root symbiosis, in facts, increases survival and growth rates of plants reducing the transplanting shock and biotic and abiotic stresses. Our previous results on micropropagated artichoke demonstrated the practice of mycorrhizal ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.51

20. Exploration to use of globe artichoke cell cultures as bioactive compounds production

Author:
Meneghini, M.; Pandino, G.; Lombardo, S.; Mauromicale, G.; Tavazza, R.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1147 pp. 413-420
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Cynara cardunculus subsp. cardunculus; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; artichokes; bioactive compounds; callus; cell suspension culture; chlorogenic acid; explants; flavones; food industry; functional foods; genotype; inulin; leaves; metabolites; polyphenols; prebiotics
Abstract:
... The growing interest in foods rich in nutraceutical compounds has focused the attention of researchers towards the globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus), by virtue of its high content in polyphenols (caffeoylquinic acids and flavones) and inulin, compounds with a high antioxidant capacity and prebiotic effects. The present study investigates the possibility to produce bioactive compou ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1147.58