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1. Automated width measurements of Martian dust devil tracks

Author:
Statella, Thiago; Pina, Pedro; da Silva, Erivaldo Antônio
Source:
Aeolian research 2016 v.20 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
1875-9637
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; climate; dust;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Studying dust devils is important to better understand Mars climate and resurfacing phenomena. This paper presents an automated approach to calculate the width of tracks in orbital images. The method is based on Mathematical Morphology and was applied to a set of 200 HiRISE and MOC images of five Mars quadrangles, which were Aeolis, Argyre, Noachis, Hellas and Eridania. Information obtained by our ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aeolia.2015.11.001

2. A best-fit probability distribution for the estimation of rainfall in northern regions of Pakistan

Author:
Amin, M. T.; Rizwan, M.; Alazba, A. A.
Source:
Open life sciences 2016 v.11 no.1 pp. 432-440
ISSN:
2391-5412
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; rain; Pakistan;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study was designed to find the best-fit probability distribution of annual maximum rainfall based on a twenty-four-hour sample in the northern regions of Pakistan using four probability distributions: normal, log-normal, log-Pearson type-III and Gumbel max. Based on the scores of goodness of fit tests, the normal distribution was found to be the best-fit probability distribution at the Mardan ...
DOI:
10.1515/biol-2016-0057

3. Identifying connected components in Gaussian finite mixture models for clustering

Author:
Scrucca, Luca
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2016 v.93 pp. 5-17
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; models; probability;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Model-based clustering associates each component of a finite mixture distribution to a group or cluster. Therefore, an underlying implicit assumption is that a one-to-one correspondence exists between mixture components and clusters. In applications with multivariate continuous data, finite mixtures of Gaussian distributions are typically used. Information criteria, such as BIC, are often employed ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2015.01.006

4. Solar flux density calculation for a heliostat with an elliptical Gaussian distribution source

Author:
Huang, Weidong; Sun, Lulening
Source:
Applied energy 2016 v.182 pp. 434-441
ISSN:
0306-2619
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; accuracy; mathematical models;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The calculation of solar flux density is a key work for the design and optimization of solar tower system. Because of the great amount of calculation, the source distribution is often regarded as a radial distribution, which is not consistent with the reality. This paper presents a new method to calculate the flux density distribution by a focusing heliostat with an elliptical Gaussian distributio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.082

5. Estimation and test for quantile nonlinear cointegrating regression

Author:
Li, Haiqi; Zheng, Chaowen; Guo, Yu
Source:
Economics letters 2016 v.148 pp. 27-32
ISSN:
0165-1765
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; autocorrelation; economics; models;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... In order to investigate the nonlinear relationship among economic variables at each quantile level, this paper proposes a quantile nonlinear cointegration model in which the nonlinear relationship at each quantile level is approximated by a polynomial. The parameter estimator in the proposed model is shown to follow a nonstandard distribution asymptotically due to serial correlation and endogeneit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.econlet.2016.09.014

6. Bayesian analysis of two-piece location–scale models under reference priors with partial information

Author:
Tu, Shiyi; Wang, Min; Sun, Xiaoqian
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2016 v.96 pp. 133-144
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; Bayesian theory; models;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bayesian estimators are developed and compared with the maximum likelihood estimators for the two-piece location–scale models, which contain several well-known distributions such as the asymmetric Laplace distribution, the two-piece normal distribution, and the two-piece Student-t distribution. For the validity of Bayesian analysis, it is essential to use priors that could lead to proper posterior ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2015.11.002

7. Measurements of velocity and pressure of a collapsing granular pile

Author:
Xu, Xiaorong; Sun, Qicheng; Jin, Feng; Chen, Yanpei
Source:
Powder technology 2016 v.303 pp. 147-155
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; cameras; geometry; gravity; powders; rheology;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper proposes a synchronized measurement method of analyzing collapsing granular piles using a high-speed camera and a grid-based tactile pressure sensor. The method is developed with a pressure sensor comprising 2016 individual sensels and a granular pile consisting of approximately 24,000 ceramsite spheres. Geometric, kinetic, and mechanical quantities (i.e., packing fractionϕ, mean speed ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2016.09.036

8. Variability in capsaicinoid content and Scoville heat ratings of commercially grown Jalapeño, Habanero and Bhut Jolokia peppers

Author:
Sweat, Ken G.; Broatch, Jennifer; Borror, Connie; Hagan, Kyle; Cahill, Thomas M.
Source:
Food chemistry 2016 v.210 pp. 606-612
ISSN:
0308-8146
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; capsaicin; pepper; peppers; varieties;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The variability of capsaicinoid content of three common, commercially-available hot pepper varieties, namely Jalapeño, Habanero and Bhut Jolokia, was investigated. For each variety tested, ten peppers were acquired from each of ten different suppliers resulting in 100 peppers per variety that were individually analyzed. The results showed that different pepper varieties had different distribution ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.135

9. A flexible approach to inference in semiparametric regression models with correlated errors using Gaussian processes

Author:
He, Heping; Severini, Thomas A.
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2016 v.103 pp. 316-329
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; covariance; models; regression analysis;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Consider a semiparametric regression model in which the mean function depends on a finite-dimensional regression parameter as the parameter of interest and an unknown function as a nuisance parameter. A method of inference in such models is proposed, using a type of integrated likelihood in which the unknown function is eliminated by averaging with respect to a given distribution, which we take to ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2016.05.010

10. Functional regression approximate Bayesian computation for Gaussian process density estimation

Author:
Rodrigues, G.S.; Nott, David J.; Sisson, S.A.
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2016 v.103 pp. 229-241
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; Bayesian theory; models; Brazil;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... A novel Bayesian nonparametric method is proposed for hierarchical modelling on a set of related density functions, where grouped data in the form of samples from each density function are available. Borrowing strength across the groups is a major challenge in this context. To address this problem, a hierarchically structured prior, defined over a set of univariate density functions using convenie ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2016.05.009

11. Identifiability of Normal and Normal Mixture Models with Nonignorable Missing Data

Author:
Miao, Wang; Ding, Peng; Geng, Zhi
Source:
Journal of the American Statistical Association 2016 v.111 no.516 pp. 1673-1683
ISSN:
1537-274X
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; data collection; equations; models;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Missing data problems arise in many applied research studies. They may jeopardize statistical inference of the model of interest, if the missing mechanism is nonignorable, that is, the missing mechanism depends on the missing values themselves even conditional on the observed data. With a nonignorable missing mechanism, the model of interest is often not identifiable without imposing further assum ...
DOI:
10.1080/01621459.2015.1105808

12. An asymmetric re-weighting method for the precision combined bundle adjustment of aerial oblique images

Author:
Xie, Linfu; Hu, Han; Wang, Jingxue; Zhu, Qing; Chen, Min
Source:
ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing 2016 v.117 pp. 92-107
ISSN:
0924-2716
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; cameras; data collection; models;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Combined bundle adjustment is a fundamental step in the processing of massive oblique images. Traditional bundle adjustment designed for nadir images gives identical weights to different parts of image point observations made from different directions, due to the assumption that the errors in the observations follow the same Gaussian distribution. However, because of their large tilt angles, aeria ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.03.017

13. A Novel Approach for Estimating the Recurrence Intervals of Channel-Forming Discharges

Author:
Ward, Andy; Moran, Molly
Source:
Water 2016 v.8 no.7
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; estimation; watersheds; United States;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Channel-forming discharges typically are associated with recurrence intervals less than five years and usually less than two years. However, the actual frequency of occurrence of these discharges is often several times more frequent than the statistical expectation. This result was confirmed by using the Log-Pearson Type 3 statistical method to analyze measured annual series of instantaneous peaks ...
DOI:
10.3390/w8070269

14. Optimizing and real-time control of biofilm formation, growth and renewal in denitrifying biofilter

Author:
Liu, Xiuhong; Wang, Hongchen; Long, Feng; Qi, Lu; Fan, Haitao
Source:
Bioresource technology 2016 v.209 pp. 326-332
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; biofilm; biofilters; carbon; denitrification; turbidity;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... A pilot-scale denitrifying biofilter (DNBF) with a treatment capacity of 600m3/d was used to study real-time control of biofilm formation, removal and renewal. The results showed biofilm formation, growth and removal can be well controlled using on-line monitored turbidity. The status of filter layer condition can be well indicated by Turb break points on turbidity profile. There was a very good l ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.095

15. Regression correlation coefficient for a Poisson regression model

Author:
Takahashi, Akihito; Kurosawa, Takeshi
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2016 v.98 pp. 71-78
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; linear models; regression analysis;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study examines measures of predictive power for a generalized linear model (GLM). Although many measures of predictive power for GLMs have been proposed, most have limitations. Hence, we focus on the regression correlation coefficient (RCC) (Zheng and Agresti, 2000), which satisfies the four requirements of (i) interpretability, (ii) applicability, (iii) consistency, and (iv) affinity. The RC ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2015.12.012

16. Snow-melt flood frequency analysis by means of copula based 2D probability distributions for the Narew River in Poland

Author:
Ozga-Zielinski, Bogdan; Ciupak, Maurycy; Adamowski, Jan; Khalil, Bahaa; Malard, Julien
Source:
Journal of hydrology 2016 v.6 pp. 26-51
ISSN:
2214-5818
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; floods; models; rivers; snowmelt; Poland;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Narew River in Northeastern Poland.Three methods for frequency analysis of snowmelt floods were compared. Two dimensional (2D) normal distribution and copula-based 2D probability distributions were applied to statistically describe floods with two parameters (flood peak Qmax,f and flood volume Vf). Two copula functions from different classes ⿿ the elliptical Gaussian copula and Archimedean 1-param ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ejrh.2016.02.001

17. Dynamics of chiral molecules in gaseous environments: validity of the Magnus effect in microscale systems

Author:
Chen, Hong-Fei; Zhong, Wei-Rong
Source:
RSC advances 2016 v.6 no.42 pp. 35785-35791
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; optical isomerism; probability; temperature;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Dynamics and separation of chiral C60 were numerically investigated in a gaseous environment with a linear velocity. We have found that the probability of location of center-of-mass coordinates of C60 in the Y direction was affected by chirality of C60, angular velocity of C60, temperature of gaseous environment, pressure of gaseous environment and particle species. When angular velocity was zero, ...
DOI:
10.1039/c6ra02102f

18. Laplace mixture of linear experts

Author:
Nguyen, Hien D.; McLachlan, Geoffrey J.
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2016 v.93 pp. 177-191
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; algorithms; climate; data collection; models;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mixture of Linear Experts (MoLE) models provide a popular framework for modeling nonlinear regression data. The majority of applications of MoLE models utilizes a Gaussian distribution for regression error. Such assumptions are known to be sensitive to outliers. The use of a Laplace distributed error is investigated. This model is named the Laplace MoLE (LMoLE). Links are drawn between the Laplace ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2014.10.016

19. Visualization of hydraulic conditions inside the feed channel of Reverse Osmosis: A practical comparison of velocity between empty and spacer-filled channel

Author:
Haidari, A.H.; Heijman, S.G.J.; van der Meer, W.G.J.
Source:
Water research 2016 v.106 pp. 232-241
ISSN:
0043-1354
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; feeds; fouling; particle image velocimetry; reverse osmosis;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... It is widely accepted that our understanding about the membrane process increases by investigation of the hydraulic conditions of membranes. While numerical studies have been broadly used for this purpose, the experimental studies of a comparable resolution are scarce. In this study, we compared the pressure drop, the temporal and the spatial velocity maps of a spacer-filled channel and an empty c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.012

20. Bayesian estimation of the tail index of a heavy tailed distribution under random censoring

Author:
Ameraoui, Abdelkader; Boukhetala, Kamal; Dupuy, Jean-François
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2016 v.104 pp. 148-168
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; Bayesian theory; Monte Carlo method; data collection;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bayesian estimation of the tail index of a heavy-tailed distribution is addressed when data are randomly right-censored. Maximum a posteriori and mean posterior estimators are constructed for various prior distributions of the tail index. Convergence of the posterior distribution of the tail index to a Gaussian distribution is established. Finite-sample properties of the proposed estimators are in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2016.06.009

21. First steps toward standardizing dynamic light regimes for the quantitative study of light-controlled growth in shade-limiting water columns

Author:
Hewes, Christopher D.; Hewes, Sebastian O.
Source:
Journal of applied phycology 2016 v.28 no.6 pp. 3225-3234
ISSN:
0921-8971
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; Bacillariophyceae; Thalassiosira; algae; light intensity; models; photons; photoperiod;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The diurnal solar cycle is the single most common influential variable for algae growing in a natural environment. In spite of its importance, relatively few laboratory studies have been directed towards photophysiological responses to dynamic irradiance regimes. Further, most of these studies have utilized optically thin cultures. However, phycological technologies utilize optically dense culture ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10811-016-0901-9

22. A Dynamic Time Warping based covariance function for Gaussian Processes signature identification

Author:
Silversides, Katherine L.; Melkumyan, Arman
Source:
Computers & geosciences 2016 v.96 pp. 69-76
ISSN:
0098-3004
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; computers; covariance; iron; models; Western Australia;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Modelling stratiform deposits requires a detailed knowledge of the stratigraphic boundaries. In Banded Iron Formation (BIF) hosted ores of the Hamersley Group in Western Australia these boundaries are often identified using marker shales. Both Gaussian Processes (GP) and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) have been previously proposed as methods to automatically identify marker shales in natural gamma log ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cageo.2016.08.001

23. A new model for the automatic relative radiometric normalization of multiple images with pseudo-invariant features

Author:
Zhou, Huizhen; Liu, Shaomin; He, Jianjun; Wen, Qiang; Song, Lisheng; Ma, Yanfei
Source:
International journal of remote sensing 2016 v.37 no.19 pp. 4554-4573
ISSN:
1366-5901
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; land cover; models; radiometry; remote sensing;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Relative radiometric normalization (RRN) with multi-sensor images is required for land-cover change detection. However, there are only a few RRN studies using multiple sensors. This article presents a new method for normalizing multiple images with pseudo-invariant features (PIFs) (MIPIF), which includes automatic selection and step-by-step optimization of PIFs. The normalized difference water ind ...
DOI:
10.1080/01431161.2016.1213922

24. Bayesian nonparametric multiple testing

Author:
Cipolli III, William; Hanson, Timothy; McLain, Alexander C.
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2016 v.101 pp. 64-79
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; Bayesian theory; DNA microarrays; Internet; computer software; models;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Multiple testing, or multiplicity problems often require testing several means with the assumption of rejecting infrequently, as motivated by the need to analyze DNA microarray data. The goal is to keep the combined rate of false discoveries and non-discoveries as small as possible. A discrete approximation to a Polya tree prior that enjoys fast, conjugate updating, centered at the usual Gaussian ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2016.02.016

25. Detecting spatial structures in throughfall data: The effect of extent, sample size, sampling design, and variogram estimation method

Author:
Voss, Sebastian; Zimmermann, Beate; Zimmermann, Alexander
Source:
Journal of hydrology 2016 v.540 pp. 527-537
ISSN:
0022-1694
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; geostatistics; hydrologic data; prediction; throughfall; uncertainty;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... In the last decades, an increasing number of studies analyzed spatial patterns in throughfall by means of variograms. The estimation of the variogram from sample data requires an appropriate sampling scheme: most importantly, a large sample and a layout of sampling locations that often has to serve both variogram estimation and geostatistical prediction. While some recommendations on these aspects ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.042

26. Establishment of a fibrinogen reference interval in ornate box turtles (terrapene ornata ornata)

Author:
Parkinson, Lily; Olea-Popelka, Francisco; Klaphake, Eric; Dadone, Liza; Johnston, Matthew
Source:
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 2016 v.47 no.3 pp. 754-759
ISSN:
1042-7260
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; Terrapene; blood; clinical examination; confidence interval; fibrinogen; turtles;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study sought to establish a reference interval for fibrinogen in healthy ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata ornata). A total of 48 turtles were enrolled, with 42 turtles deemed to be noninflammatory and thus fitting the inclusion criteria and utilized to estimate a fibrinogen reference interval. Turtles were excluded based upon physical examination and blood work abnormalities. A Shapiro-Wi ...
DOI:
10.1638/2015-0225.1

27. Analysis of the non Isothermal Distributed Activation Energy Model for Biomass Pyrolysis by Fuzzy Gaussian Distribution

Author:
Dhaundiyal, Alok; Singh, Suraj B.
Source:
Rural Sustainability Research 2016 v.35 no.330 pp. 32-41
ISSN:
2256-0939
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; activation energy; biomass; models; pyrolysis; variance;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The main aim of this paper is to fuzzify the kinetic parameters, which have crisp nature, in order to obtain the realistic and accurate results. In the present study, the variance, upper limit of ‘dE’ and the frequency factor are assumed to be fuzzy numbers. The Gaussian distribution is considered as the distribution function, f (E), of Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM). The membership an ...
DOI:
10.1515/plua-2016-0005

28. A Simplified Form of the Psychometric Function for the m‐Alternative Forced Choice (mAFC) Method

Author:
Bi, Jian; Kuesten, Carla
Source:
Journal of sensory studies 2016 v.31 no.4 pp. 360-368
ISSN:
0887-8250
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; cumulative distribution; decision making; geometry; probability; variance;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The m‐Alternative Forced Choice (mAFC), including the 2AFC, 3AFC, and mAFC where m > 3, are a type of widely used sensory discrimination method. This article offers an interesting finding for the psychometric function for the mAFC. The conventional general psychometric function for the mAFC, which is based on m independent normal distributions with one signal and m−1 noise observations, can be exp ...
DOI:
10.1111/joss.12219

29. Smoothed quantile regression for panel data

Author:
Galvao, Antonio F.; Kato, Kengo
Source:
Journal of econometrics 2016 v.193 no.1 pp. 92-112
ISSN:
0304-4076
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; econometric models; economic analysis; economic theory; regression analysis;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper studies fixed effects estimation of quantile regression models for panel data. Under an asymptotic framework where both the numbers of individuals and time periods grow at the same rate, we show that the fixed-effects estimator for the smoothed objective function has a limiting normal distribution with a bias in the mean, and provide the analytic form of the asymptotic bias. We propose ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jeconom.2016.01.008

30. Decision support systems using models of fruit quality variability

Author:
Jordan, R. B.; Loeffen, M. P. F.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2016 no.1119 pp. 289-296
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; decision support systems; markets; models; uncertainty;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Decision support systems to assist the management of fruit through harvest, storage and distribution often rely on models of key fruit property dynamics. Because market and harvest specifications generally describe fractions of a fruit population that must meet a specification, the underpinning models must also describe that variability. Traditional models of fruit properties over time describe th ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1119.40

31. Synonymy relationship and stochastic processes in determination of flow equations in ecological models

Author:
Nescolarde-Selva, Josué-Antonio; Usó-Doménech, Josep-Lluis; Lloret-Climent, Miguel; Fan, Meng
Source:
Ecological complexity 2016 v.26 pp. 79-88
ISSN:
1476-945X
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; Cistus albidus; equations; fruits; models; stochastic processes;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... A flow equation obtained through multiple linear regressions is a static concept fixed for a time t. However, experience says that the temporal component makes the information obtained from the flow equation in terms of coefficients of determination. In this paper we show that a 1-degree variation in such coefficients behaves like a Wiener process based on the Gaussian distribution. As an applicat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecocom.2016.03.004

32. Development of accumulated heat stress index based on time-weighted function

Author:
Lee, Ji-Sun; Byun, Hi-Ryong; Kim, Do-Woo
Source:
Theoretical and applied climatology 2016 v.124 no.3-4 pp. 541-554
ISSN:
0177-798X
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; Weibull statistics; heat; heat stress; humans; temperature; weather;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Heat stress accumulates in the human body when a person is exposed to a thermal condition for a long time. Considering this fact, we have defined the accumulated heat stress (AH) and have developed the accumulated heat stress index (AHI) to quantify the strength of heat stress. AH represents the heat stress accumulated in a 72-h period calculated by the use of a time-weighted function, and the AHI ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00704-015-1434-x

33. Measurements of pressure drop and particle velocity in a pseudo 2-D rectangular bed with Geldart Group D particles

Author:
Gopalan, Balaji; Shahnam, Mehrdad; Panday, Rupen; Tucker, Jonathan; Shaffer, Frank; Shadle, Lawrence; Mei, Joseph; Rogers, William; Guenther, Chris; Syamlal, Madhava
Source:
Powder technology 2016 v.291 pp. 299-310
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; nylon; particle image velocimetry; powders; temperature;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... A small scale pseudo 2-D bed of dimension 0.075m×0.23m×1.22m was utilized to measure the pressure drop and velocity statistics of Geldart Group D nylon beads. The pressure drop was measured using a fast-response pressure transducer and the particle velocities were measured with high speed particle image velocimetry, with particle tracking, in a slugging flow regime for three different superficial ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2015.12.040

34. A Novel Strategy of the Data Characteristics Test for Selecting a Process Monitoring Method Automatically

Author:
Zhang, Shumei; Wang, Fuli; Zhao, Luping; Wang, Shu; Chang, Yuqing
Source:
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2016 v.55 no.6 pp. 1642-1654
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; annealing; case studies; chemistry; furnaces; process monitoring;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Process monitoring of industrial processes has attracted broad attention in recent years. Many approaches, such as PCA, KICA, and so forth, have been proposed and successfully applied in many fields. However, the assumption of data characteristics for each method has significantly limited its application. PCA is more suitable for Gaussian processes, whereas ICA is always used in non-Gaussian proce ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03525

35. Bayes estimates as an approximation to maximum likelihood estimates

Author:
Yamamura, Kohji
Source:
Population ecology 2016 v.58 no.1 pp. 45-52
ISSN:
1438-3896
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; Bayesian theory; data analysis; objectives; population ecology;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ronald A. Fisher, who is the founder of maximum likelihood estimation (ML estimation), criticized the Bayes estimation of using a uniform prior distribution, because we can create estimates arbitrarily if we use Bayes estimation by changing the transformation used before the analysis. Thus, the Bayes estimates lack the scientific objectivity, especially when the amount of data is small. However, w ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10144-015-0526-x

36. Clustering with the multivariate normal inverse Gaussian distribution

Author:
O’Hagan, Adrian; Murphy, Thomas Brendan; Gormley, Isobel Claire; McNicholas, Paul D.; Karlis, Dimitris
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2016 v.93 pp. 18-30
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; Bayesian theory; covariance; data collection; models;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Many model-based clustering methods are based on a finite Gaussian mixture model. The Gaussian mixture model implies that the data scatter within each group is elliptically shaped. Hence non-elliptical groups are often modeled by more than one component, resulting in model over-fitting. An alternative is to use a mean–variance mixture of multivariate normal distributions with an inverse Gaussian m ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2014.09.006

37. Modelling receiver operating characteristic curves using Gaussian mixtures

Author:
Cheam, Amay S.M.; McNicholas, Paul D.
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2016 v.93 pp. 192-208
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; Monte Carlo method; diagnostic techniques; graphs; models;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is widely applied in measuring the performance of diagnostic tests. Many direct and indirect approaches have been proposed for modelling the ROC curve and, because of its tractability, the Gaussian distribution has typically been used to model both diseased and non-diseased populations. Using a Gaussian mixture model leads to a more flexible approa ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2015.04.010

38. A study on thermal damage during hyperthermia treatment based on DPL model for multilayer tissues using finite element Legendre wavelet Galerkin approach

Author:
Kumar, Dinesh; Rai, K.N.
Source:
Journal of thermal biology 2016 v.62 pp. 170-180
ISSN:
0306-4565
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; fever; finite element analysis; heat transfer; mathematical models; tissues; wavelet;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hyperthermia is a process that uses heat from the spatial heat source to kill cancerous cells without damaging the surrounding healthy tissues. Efficacy of hyperthermia technique is related to achieve temperature at the infected cells during the treatment process. A mathematical model on heat transfer in multilayer tissues in finite domain is proposed to predict the control temperature profile at ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.06.020

39. Testing for Multivariate Normality in Mass Spectrometry Imaging Data: A Robust Statistical Approach for Clustering Evaluation and the Generation of Synthetic Mass Spectrometry Imaging Data Sets

Author:
Dexter, Alex; Race, Alan M.; Styles, Iain B.; Bunch, Josephine
Source:
Analytical chemistry 2016 v.88 no.22 pp. 10893-10899
ISSN:
1520-6882
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; algorithms; brain; data collection; image analysis; mass spectrometry; mice; principal component analysis; statistical models;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Spatial clustering is a powerful tool in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and has been demonstrated to be capable of differentiating tumor types, visualizing intratumor heterogeneity, and segmenting anatomical structures. Several clustering methods have been applied to mass spectrometry imaging data, but a principled comparison and evaluation of different clustering techniques presents a significan ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02139

40. Molecular-dynamic simulation of aliphatic alcohols distribution between the micelle of 3-methyl-1-dodecylimidazolium bromide and their aqueous surrounding A Physicochemical and engineering aspects

Author:
Belyaeva, Elena A.; Vanin, Aleksandr A.; Anufrikov, Yuri A.; Smirnova, Natalia A.
Source:
Colloids and surfaces 2016 v.508 pp. 93-100
ISSN:
0927-7757
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; additives; aqueous solutions; ethanol; ionic liquids; micelles; molecular dynamics; solubilization;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The molecular dynamics simulation of micellization of 3-methyl-1-dodecyl imidazolium bromide in its aqueous solution was carried out. Structural parameters of micelle and the degree of counterions binding were estimated. The simulation of the distribution of normal alcohols (ethanol, butanol-1, octanol-1) at various concentrations between micelle and its aqueous surrounding was carried out. The in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.08.022

41. Theoretical estimate of the effect of thermal agitation on ribosome motion generated by stochastic microswimming

Author:
González-García, José S.
Source:
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2016 v.480 pp. 13-17
ISSN:
0006-291X
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; agitation; diffusivity; messenger RNA; microorganisms; molecular motor proteins; protein synthesis; ribosomes; variance;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The effect of thermal agitation on ribosome motion is evaluated through the Péclet number, assuming that the ribosome is self-propelled along the mRNA during protein synthesis by a swimming stroke consisting of a cycle of stochastically-generated ribosome configurations involving its two subunits. The ribosome velocity probability distribution function is obtained, giving an approximately normal d ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.017

42. Linear mixed models with marginally symmetric nonparametric random effects

Author:
Nguyen, Hien D.; McLachlan, Geoffrey J.
Source:
Computational statistics & data analysis 2016 v.103 pp. 151-169
ISSN:
0167-9473
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; algorithms; longitudinal studies; models; statistical inference; variance covariance matrix;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Linear mixed models (LMMs) are used as an important tool in the data analysis of repeated measures and longitudinal studies. The most common form of LMMs utilizes a normal distribution to model the random effects. Such assumptions can often lead to misspecification errors when the random effects are not normal. One approach to remedy the misspecification errors is to utilize a point-mass distribut ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.csda.2016.05.005

43. Spatial interpolation of precipitation indexes in Sierra Nevada (Spain): comparing the performance of some interpolation methods

Author:
Pereira, Paulo; Oliva, Marc; Misiune, Ieva
Source:
Theoretical and applied climatology 2016 v.126 no.3-4 pp. 683-698
ISSN:
0177-798X
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; kriging; latitude; longitude; models; mountains; multivariate analysis; topography; South Korea; Spain;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The objective of this paper is to examine the spatial distribution of several precipitation indexes in Sierra Nevada, Spain: mean annual number of wet days (R ≥ 1 mm), mean annual number of heavy rainy days (R ≥ 10 mm) and mean annual number of very heavy precipitation days (R ≥ 20 mm) and test the performance of several interpolation methods using these variables. In total, 17 univariate and mult ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00704-015-1606-8

44. The role of randomization tests in vegetation boundary detection with moving split‐window analysis

Author:
Körmöczi, László; Bátori, Zoltán; Erdős, László; Tölgyesi, Csaba; Zalatnai, Márta; Varró, Csaba
Source:
Journal of vegetation science 2016 v.27 no.6 pp. 1288-1296
ISSN:
1100-9233
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; data collection; forest steppe; forests; habitats; municipal solid waste;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... AIM: Moving split‐window (MSW) analysis is a frequently used tool for vegetation boundary detection. The statistical test of the method is, however, not satisfactory. We aimed to identify reliable confidence limits of MSW statistics. METHODS: Multivariate transect data (representing forest, grassland and forest‐steppe habitats and some artificial data sets) were analysed using five dissimilarity f ...
DOI:
10.1111/jvs.12439

45. Teeth of early generations of Early Pleistocene elephants (Mammalia, Elephantidae) from Sinyaya Balka/Bogatyri site (Sea of Azov Region, Russia)

Author:
Baigusheva, Vera S.; Titov, Vadim V.; Foronova, Irina V.
Source:
Quaternary international 2016 v.420 pp. 306-318
ISSN:
1040-6182
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; Elephantidae; teeth; Eastern European region; Russia; Southern European region;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Based on study of a series of early generations' teeth DP4/dp4 – M1/m1 of elephants from the Late Villafranchian–Early Galerian locality Sinyaya Balka/Bogatyri (Taman peninsula, Russia) the variability of their characteristics is established. There is no clear normal distribution of main diagnostic dental parameters in the sample. This confirms the assumption of the possible presence of two elepha ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.007

46. A risk evaluation method for ramping capability shortage in power systems

Author:
Min, C.G.; Park, J.K.; Hur, D.; Kim, M.K.
Source:
Energy 2016 v.113 pp. 1316-1324
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; case studies; models; risk; risk assessment; uncertainty; wind farms;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper describes a risk evaluation method for RC (ramping capability) shortage. Two major uncertainties in power systems are considered: failure of generating units and NLFE (net load forecast error). The failure probability of generating units is calculated using a Markov-chain-based capacity state model. The NLFE is assumed to follow a normal distribution, which is represented using a seven- ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.023

47. Constructing a new tool for assessing environmental worldviews of individuals and organizations – case environmental worldview analysis of seven political parties in Finland

Author:
Harju-Autti, Pekka; Heinikangas, Taru
Source:
Journal of integrative environmental sciences 2016 v.13 no.2-4 pp. 145-174
ISSN:
1943-8168
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; case studies; decision making; globalization; green leafy vegetables; markets; politics; principal component analysis; Finland;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Environmental disputes often encompass both a conflict over the practical issue itself and, more fundamentally, a conflict over environmental worldviews (EWVs). In this study, a new two-dimensional tool has been created for measuring prevailing EWVs in individuals and organizations. Respondent’s place on the horizontal axis shows preference on an institutional scale where environmental issues shou ...
DOI:
10.1080/1943815X.2016.1225772

48. Uncertainty analysis of daily potable water demand on the performance evaluation of rainwater harvesting systems in residential buildings

Author:
Silva, Arthur Santos; Ghisi, Enedir
Source:
Journal of environmental management 2016 v.180 pp. 82-93
ISSN:
0301-4797
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; cities; computer simulation; drinking water; rain; residential housing; uncertainty; uncertainty analysis; water harvesting; Brazil;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The objective of this paper is to perform a sensitivity analysis of design variables and an uncertainty analysis of daily potable water demand to evaluate the performance of rainwater harvesting systems in residential buildings. Eight cities in Brazil with different rainfall patterns were analysed. A numeric experiment was performed by means of computer simulation of rainwater harvesting. A sensit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.028

49. Difference in parenting in two species of burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis and Nicrophorus vespilloides

Author:
Benowitz, Kyle M.; McKinney, Elizabeth C.; Moore, Allen J.
Source:
Journal of ethology 2016 v.34 no.3 pp. 315-319
ISSN:
0289-0771
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; Nicrophorus orbicollis; Nicrophorus vespilloides; insects; parents; phenotype; progeny; variance; vertebrates;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Burying beetles (Nicrophorus) are model parents among insects, with all studied species known to regurgitate flesh from vertebrate carcasses to their offspring. However, most studies focus on a very few species, yet the interpretation of the function and importance of care is typically generalized to all burying beetles. Here we characterize subtle variation within and between individuals and sexe ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10164-016-0477-5

50. Flexible link functions in nonparametric binary regression with Gaussian process priors

Author:
Li, Dan; Wang, Xia; Lin, Lizhen; Dey, Dipak K.
Source:
Biometrics 2016 v.72 no.3 pp. 707-719
ISSN:
0006-341X
Subject:
normal distribution,   etc   ; Bayesian theory; biometry; nonlinear models; prediction; regression analysis; researchers;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... In many scientific fields, it is a common practice to collect a sequence of 0‐1 binary responses from a subject across time, space, or a collection of covariates. Researchers are interested in finding out how the expected binary outcome is related to covariates, and aim at better prediction in the future 0‐1 outcomes. Gaussian processes have been widely used to model nonlinear systems; in particul ...
DOI:
10.1111/biom.12462
PubMed:
26686333
PubMed Central:
PMC4914475