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Blattodea; Coleoptera; Tettigoniidae; antipredatory behavior; bioacoustics; detection; diet; ears; feces; foraging; foxes; fruits; hearing; insectivores; insects; invertebrates; landscapes; lizards; nestlings; predation; predators; pressure; risk; small mammals; sounds; surveys; South Africa
Abstract:
... The bat-eared fox is an insectivorous, nocturnal predator that uses its characteristic large ears to detect sounds made by invertebrate prey. Behavioural observations of the bat-eared fox emphasize the significant role hearing plays in insect prey detection and localization. In turn, katydids are nocturnal insects that risk attracting predators by producing conspicuous signals for mate attraction ...
... We measured the concentrations of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as parent and halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs and HPAHs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in indoor dust (ID) and indoor cockroach samples collected from Shenzhen, South China. Biota-dust accumulation factors (BDAFs) were computed and utilized to quantify targeted pollutant bioaccumula ...
Blattodea; new species; Brazil; French Guiana; Guyana; Suriname; Venezuela
Abstract:
... Here we provide a checklist of cockroach species known from areas within the Guiana Shield based on literature records and new field collection. We give records of sixteen species collected in Guyana, eight of which are new records for Guyana and one of which is a new generic record for the entire Guiana Shield. We also provide a description for a geographically disparate species of Calhypnorna St ...
... Recent developments in sequencing technology have given rise to a large number of studies that assess bacterial diversity and community structure in termite and cockroach guts based on large amplicon libraries of 16S rRNA genes. Although these studies have revealed important ecological and evolutionary patterns in the gut microbiota, classification of the short sequence reads is limited by the tax ...
M. Angeles López-Matas; Victor Iraola; Raquel Moya; Lisa D. Vailes; Anna Pomés; Manuel Boquete; Enrique Fernández-Caldas; L.G. Arlian; Martin Chapman; Jerónimo Carnés
... Tropomyosin is a pan-allergen that shares a high homology among species. It is involved in cross-reactivity among mites, crustaceans, mollusks and insects. The objectives were to express and purify recombinant tropomyosin from the storage mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus, and to investigate the homology and cross-reactivity with tropomyosin from other invertebrates.Recombinant C. arcuatus tropomyosin ( ...
... Among the various animal taxa that are have established outside their native ranges, invasions by insect species are the most numerous worldwide. In order to better understand the characteristics of insect species that make them more invasion prone, the characteristics of habitats that make them more susceptible to invasions and to understand the pathways that facilitate invasions, we compared the ...
... The effective floral neighbourhood is the radius around a plant where the density of flowering plants and other factors affect visitation rates and pollination success of plants. This study aims to determine this radius and focuses on the effects of conspecific plant density, plant sex and the amount of shrub vegetation on visitation rates of Clusia blattophila, a dioecious bush pollinated by Amaz ...
Americans; Blattodea; Formicidae; adults; attitudes and opinions; edible insects; entomophagy; environmental sustainability; flour; humans; men; nutrition; personality disorders; risk; women; India; United States
Abstract:
... One of the major, if not the major impediment to large scale increases of human insect consumption, is the strong rejection of insects as food by most of the world’s population. In an effort to understand this aversion, we surveyed online samples of adults living in the USA and India to participate in a study on ‘attitudes toward food’. A substantial proportion of both Americans (72%) and Indians ...
... Fipronil is one of the most effective insecticides to control the invasive ant Linepithema humile, but its effectiveness has been assessed without considering the genetic differences among L. humile supercolonies. We hypothesized that the susceptibility of the ant to fipronil might differ among supercolonies. If so, dosage and concentration of fipronil may need to be adjusted for effective eradica ...
... The thelastomatoid pinworm fauna (Nematoda: Oxyurida: Thelastomatoidea) was surveyed in 3 endemic species and 6 introduced species of cockroach hosts (Insecta: Blattaria) in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. A total of 658 host specimens were examined from preserved collections that had been collected between 1966 and 2003 from 7 islands in the archipelago. Eight species of pinworms were identified ...
... In semiarid ecosystems, perennial trees create resource patches beneath their canopies by providing shade and accumulating litter. These patches are often distinctly different from inter-tree areas, which support scattered hummock grasses. Although patchiness is regarded as an important driver of faunal diversity, it is not known how it is affected by disturbances such as fire. In this study, we t ...
invasive species; environmental impact; invertebrates; Linepithema humile; nontarget organisms; animal communities; toxic substances; toxicity; ant control; active ingredients; fipronil; Blattodea; Japan
Abstract:
... In the last 30 years some limited successes in alien ant control have been documented globally, and control programs remain challenging. Moreover, the potential non-target impacts of toxicants have not been well studied. We assessed the efficacy and non-target effects of multiple products containing the active compound fipronil in the attempted control of two populations of the invasive Argentine ...
Thiago Gonçalves‐Souza; Marcel S. Araújo; Eduardo P. Barbosa; Sonia M. Lopes; Lucas A. Kaminski; Gustavo H. Shimizu; Adalberto J. Santos; Gustavo Q. Romero
plant tissues; life history; arthropod communities; arthropods; tropics; predators; species diversity; Araneae; Formicidae; insect larvae; vegetation; Blattodea; omnivores
Abstract:
... Documenting how diversity patterns vary at fine‐ and broad scales may help answer many questions in theoretical and applied ecology. However, studies tend to compare diversity patterns at the same scale and within the same taxonomic group, which limits the applicability and generality of the results. Here, we have investigated whether vegetation‐dwelling arthropods from different trophic ranks and ...
... Summary The polyneopteran insect fauna of Dinara Mountain area has been poorly studied in the past, with only scarce data published on the topic. During a study conducted in 2012 and 2013, a total of 19 better-investigated localities were visited and 68 species of Blattodea, Mantodea and Orthoptera were recorded for the first time in the investigated area, one species being recorded for the first ...
... The nervous system solves complex biomechanical problems by activating muscles in modular, synergist groups. We have studied how force feedback in substrate grip is integrated with effects of sense organs that monitor support and propulsion in insects. Campaniform sensilla are mechanoreceptors that encode forces as cuticular strains. We tested the hypothesis that integration of force feedback from ...
... Indoor fungal exposure can compromise respiratory health. Low-income urban areas are of concern because of high asthma and allergy rates and housing disrepair. Understanding the conditions that affect indoor fungal exposures is important for assessing health risks and for developing mitigation strategies. We examined the types and concentrations of airborne fungi inside and outside of homes in low ...
... 1. Wood decomposition is characterised by complex and poorly understood nitrogen (N) dynamics with unclear implications for forest nutrient cycling and productivity. Wood‐dwelling microbes have developed unique strategies for coping with the N limitations imposed by their substrate, including the translocation of N into wood by cord‐forming fungi and the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) by ba ...
... In this study, we documented the behavioral changes of major soldiers of the subterranean termite Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen) (Blattodea: Termitidae) infected with larvae of the phorid fly Misotermes mindeniDisney & Neoh (Diptera: Phoridae). During periods of starvation, the longevity of parasitized individuals was significantly greater than that of unparasitized individuals. Parasitized individual ...
... Neuropeptides are structurally the most diverse group of messenger molecules of the nervous system. Regarding neuropeptide identification, distribution, function, and evolution, insects are among the best studied invertebrates. Indeed, more than 100 neuropeptides are known from single species. Most of these peptides can easily be identified by direct tissue or cell profiling using MALDI-TOF MS. In ...
fluorescence in situ hybridization; insects; intestinal microorganisms; sequence analysis; ribosomal RNA; community structure; Blattodea; trees; genes; nucleotide sequences; bacterial communities; digestive system; bacteria; New Zealand
Abstract:
... The endemic New Zealand weta is an enigmatic insect. Although the insect is well known by its distinctive name, considerable size, and morphology, many basic aspects of weta biology remain unknown. Here, we employed cultivation-independent enumeration techniques and rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the gut microbiota of the Auckland tree weta (Hemideina thoracica). Fluorescence in situ hybridis ...
... Understanding community assembly and population dynamics frequently requires detailed knowledge of food web structure. For many consumers, obtaining precise information about diet composition has traditionally required sacrificing animals or other highly invasive procedures, generating tension between maintaining intact study populations and knowing what they eat. We developed 16S mitochondrial DN ...
... During a random survey of parasitisation of poultry birds of Kashmir, conducted for 3 years more than 300 poultry birds were randomly collected from different parts of the Kashmir valley and were examined for the helminth parasites. The most dominant group of parasites which was parasitizing the poultry birds was found to be the Cestode, whose prevalence in the infected birds was 76.9 %. Nematodes ...
... The Triatominae subfamily includes hematophagous insects, well known for their role as vectors for the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, etiologic agent of Chagas’ disease. Belminus ferroae is a triatomine that showed an increased demographic fitness when cockroaches were used as hosts. Here we compare the centroid size (CS) and wing shape between B. ferroae parents and three successive generations (O1, ...
... Indoxacarb and metaflumizone are two sodium channel blocker insecticides (SCBIs). They preferably bind to and trap sodium channels in the slow-inactivated non-conducting state, a mode of action similar to that of local anesthetics (LAs). Recently, two sodium channel mutations, F1845Y (F4i15Y) and V1848I (V4i18I), in the transmembrane segment 6 of domain IV (IVS6), were identified to be associated ...
... Medicinal insects have been widely used to cure human diseases for ages. Nevertheless, knowledge about the toxic chemicals accumulated in medicinal insects and their effects on human health was insufficient. In the present study, sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nine halogenated PAHs (HPAHs) were determined in farmed medicinal cockroaches to address this issue. Total co ...
... Several insect lineages have evolved mutualistic association with symbiotic bacteria. This is the case of some species of mealybugs, whiteflies, weevils, tsetse flies, cockroaches, termites, carpenter ants, aphids and fruit flies. Some species of Tephritinae, the most specialized subfamily of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), harbour co-evolved vertically transmitted, bacterial symbionts in thei ...
... The silver-headed antechinus (Antechinus argentus) is one of Australia’s most recently described mammals, and the single known population at Kroombit Tops in south-east Queensland is threatened. Nothing is known of the species’ ecology, so during 2014 we collected faecal pellets each month (March–September) from a population at the type locality to gather baseline data on diet composition. A total ...
... Water maintenance is vital for termite survival under dry conditions, hence environment humidity is one of the most important factors that controls the distribution of Isoptera. To understand the dynamics of termite rehydration after water loss, two bioassays were performed with forager workers of Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) submitted to water stress. Insects were weighed and placed into Petri d ...
Kyung Hwa Jung; Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir; Matthew Perzanowski; Xinhua Liu; Christina Maher; Eric Gil; David Torrone; Andreas Sjodin; Zheng Li; Frederica P. Perera; Rachel L. Miller
... Exposures to traffic-related air pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been associated with the development and exacerbation of asthma. However, there is limited evidence on whether these pollutants are associated with the development of cockroach sensitization, a strong risk factor for urban asthma. We hypothesized that repeatedly high PAH exposure during childhood woul ...
... Soil arthropods are an important component of agroecosystems, contributing significantly to their biodiversity and functioning. However, seasonal patterns, population dynamics, and significant roles of these soil arthropods in improvement of soil structures and functions are influenced by many factors. The objective of the current study was to investigate soil arthropod abundance in relation to a ...
... We investigated the nest site and prey items of Isodontiaauripygata (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in a subtropical forest on Iriomote Island, ca. 200 km east of Taiwan. Isodontiaauripygata used the cavity of a dead branch as their nest site, and the nest was composed of two cells that were divided by wood offcuts. Inside the branch, we found large-sized adult cockroaches, Rhabdoblattaformosana (Blattod ...
hexaflumuron; baits; insecticides; objectives; active ingredients; baiting; Reticulitermes; chitin; species diversity; death; Coptotermes; developed countries; Blattodea; United States
Abstract:
... Termite baiting is now one of the two main management tools in developed countries after 20 years of commercial release. It has two main goals: to use small amounts of active ingredient and ‘colony elimination’, i.e. death of all individuals in the colony. We consider how well baiting has been evaluated from 100 studies in the scientific literature. Studies have included 15 active ingredients, 23 ...
... Tomaculocystis corpulenta n. gen., n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinorida: Septatorina: Gregarinidae) is described from populations of the little yellow cockroach, Cariblatta lutea (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), established in laboratory culture from samples collected in Alabama and Florida. Tomaculocystis n. gen. are differentiated from other members of Gregarina by a markedly elliptoid gametocyst inside ...
Blattodea; genitalia; new species; photographs; redescriptions; taxonomic keys; Brazil
Abstract:
... Two new species of Xestoblatta from northern Brazil are described, Xestoblatta buhrnheimi sp. n. and Xestoblatta rondonensis sp. n., included in the buscki group Gurney (1939), and new characters are added to the description of Xestoblatta mamorensis Lopes & Oliveira, 2006. Xestoblatta roppai Rocha e Albuquerque-Silva & Fraga, 1975, from midwestern Brazil is redescribed, including its genital char ...
reptiles; urban areas; solid wastes; nutritional support; seasonal variation; towns; dietary supplements; urbanization; cardboard; individual feeding; pollution; cities; carnivores; ecosystems; Blattodea; invertebrates; winter; pet foods; buildings; small mammals; landscapes; aggression; spring; foraging; habitats; South Africa
Abstract:
... Knowledge of an urban carnivore’s foraging behavior is vital to understanding its ecology. This is particularly important as urbanization continues to convert natural habitats into human-altered landscapes. Over the past few years there have been increasing reports of large spotted genets (Genetta tigrina) foraging within suburbs of towns and cities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Consequently, we ...
... Termites have developed many exocrine glands, generally dedicated to defence or communication. Although a few of these glands occur in all termite species, or represent synapomorphies of larger clades, others are morphological innovations of a single species, or a few related species. Here, we describe the nasus gland, a new gland occurring at the base of the nasus of Angularitermes soldiers. The ...
... AIM: Recent progress in island biogeography indicates that classical island biogeography alone cannot encapsulate the complex and dynamic nature of island biogeographical processes. Factors such as habitat complexity and connectivity, and in the face of the Anthropocene, human disturbance and invasive species, may influence insular communities. The relative importance of these factors, however, ma ...
... Transposable elements (TEs) are discrete DNA sequences which are able to replicate and jump into different genomic locations. Miniature inverted-repeats TEs (MITEs) are non-autonomous DNA elements whose origin is still poorly understood. Recently, some MITEs were found to contain core repeats that can be arranged in tandem arrays; in some instances, these arrays have even given rise to satellite D ...
... Mantophasmatodea was described as a new insect order in 2002. Since then, this small group of wingless insects has developed into one of the best investigated insect taxa. Nevertheless, many aspects of mantophasmatodean morphology as well as their evolutionary relationships remain ambiguous. To determine the phylogenetic relationships of Mantophasmatodea based on an extended character set and to e ...
Leida Calegário de Oliveira; Fabiana V. Campos; Suely Gomes Figueiredo; Marta N. Cordeiro; Beatriz R. Adaime; Michael Richardson; Adriano M.C. Pimenta; Marie-France Martin-Eauclaire; Paulo S.L. Beirão; Maria Elena De Lima
... A potent insecticidal toxin, β/δ-PrIT1, molecular mass of 5598.86 [M+H]+, was characterized from Phoneutria reidyi spider venom. Its partial amino acid sequence showed high similarity with insecticidal spider toxins from the genus Phoneutria. β/δ-PrIT1 was very toxic (LD50 = 4 nmol/g) to flies (Musca domestica), but not to mice (Mus musculus). Kinetic studies showed that 125I-β/δ-PrIT1 binds to tw ...