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1. An ultra-sensitive assay targeting the circulating anodic antigen for the diagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum in a low-endemic area, People's Republic of China

Author:
van Dam, Govert J.; Xu, Jing; Bergquist, Robert; de Dood, Claudia J.; Utzinger, Jürg; Qin, Zhi-Qiang; Guan, Wei; Feng, Ting; Yu, Xin-Ling; Zhou, Jie; Zheng, Ma; Zhou, Xiao-Nong; Corstjens, Paul L.A.M.
Source:
Acta tropica 2015 v.141 pp. 190-197
ISSN:
0001-706X
Subject:
Schistosoma japonicum; antibodies; antigens; blood serum; eggs; feces; monitoring; schistosomiasis; urine; villages; China
Abstract:
... The downward trend in prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma japonicum infection in the People's Republic of China (P.R. China) has reached a level where accurate methods are required for monitoring the national schistosomiasis control programme and to verify whether transmission has been interrupted. We have assessed the prevalence of active S. japonicum infection by use of an up-converting phos ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.08.004

2. Ascaris spp. and Capillaria caudinflata infections in captive‐bred crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) in China

Author:
Zhang, Xu; Qiao, Ji Ying; Wu, Xiao Min; Ma, Qing Yi; Hu, Han; Wang, Jing; Che, Li Feng
Source:
Zoo biology 2015 v.34 no.1 pp. 80-84
ISSN:
0733-3188
Subject:
wildlife; iodine; parasites; Capillaria; endangered species; breeding; Entamoeba histolytica; Blastocystis; feces; pathogens; Nipponia nippon; Ascaris; Fasciolidae; birds; zoos; China
Abstract:
... Crested ibis (Nipponia nippon), an endan gered native bird, was called the “precious stone” of oriental birds. N. nippon was considered a critically endangered species in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and a first‐class national protected animal in China. The Chinese government had exerted considerable effort to protect the N. nippon population. An effective approach to increase the numbe ...
DOI:
10.1002/zoo.21191

3. Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes in Yaks (Bos grunniens) and Their Public Health Potential

Author:
Ma, Jingbo; Cai, Jinzhong; Ma, Jiawen; Feng, Yaoyu; Xiao, Lihua
Source:
The journal of eukaryotic microbiology 2015 v.62 no.1 pp. 21-25
ISSN:
1066-5234
Subject:
DNA; cattle; feces; genotype; humans; internal transcribed spacers; polymerase chain reaction; public health; sequence analysis; yaks; China
Abstract:
... Enterocytozoon bieneusi, the most frequently diagnosed microsporidian species in humans, is also identified in a wide range of animals. To date, few data are available on E. bieneusi in yaks (Bos grunniens). In this study, we examined the occurrence and genotype identity of E. bieneusi in yaks in four counties in Qinghai Province of China. Of 327 fecal specimens examined by nested PCR analysis of ...
DOI:
10.1111/jeu.12141

4. Morphological diversity of Trichuris spp. eggs observed during an anthelminthic drug trial in Yunnan, China, and relative performance of parasitologic diagnostic tools

Author:
Steinmann, Peter; Rinaldi, Laura; Cringoli, Giuseppe; Du, Zun-Wei; Marti, Hanspeter; Jiang, Jin-Yong; Zhou, Hui; Zhou, Xiao-Nong; Utzinger, Jürg
Source:
Acta tropica 2015 v.141 pp. 184-189
ISSN:
0001-706X
Subject:
Trichuris trichiura; Trichuris vulpis; diagnostic techniques; drugs; eggs; feces; humans; randomized clinical trials; sodium; China
Abstract:
... The presence of large Trichuris spp. eggs in human faecal samples is occasionally reported. Such eggs have been described as variant Trichuris trichiura or Trichuris vulpis eggs. Within the frame of a randomised controlled trial, faecal samples collected from 115 Bulang individuals from Yunnan, People's Republic of China were subjected to the Kato–Katz technique (fresh stool samples) and the FLOTA ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.08.018

5. Proteomic identification of adhesive on a bone sculpture-inlaid wooden artifact from the Xiaohe Cemetery, Xinjiang, China

Author:
Rao, Huiyun; Yang, Yimin; Abuduresule, Idelisi; Li, Wenying; Hu, Xingjun; Wang, Changsui
Source:
Journal of archaeological science 2015 v.53 pp. 148-155
ISSN:
0305-4403
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; archaeology; arid zones; cattle; collagen; feces; manufacturing; meat; milk; peptides; proteomics; society; China
Abstract:
... With the emergence and progress of composite tools in the Middle Stone Age, the adhesive became one of the most widely used materials by early human societies. However, the precise composition identification of adhesive in archaeological remains is a real analytical challenge, because the adhesive mainly consists of organic materials that are susceptible to decay during burial process. Of particul ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jas.2014.10.010

6. Tannin-degrading bacteria with cellulase activity isolated from the cecum of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi)

Author:
Dai, Xin; Jiang, Lian-Yu; Wang, Ai-Qin; Wei, Wan-Hong; Yang, Sheng-Mei
Source:
Israel journal of ecology & evolution 2015 v.61 no.1 pp. 21-27
ISSN:
2224-4662
Subject:
Bacillus (bacteria); Enterococcus; alpine meadows; animals; bacteria; cecum; cellulose; ecosystems; endo-1,4-beta-glucanase; feces; genes; herbaceous plants; herbivores; plateaus; polyphenols; ribosomal DNA; tannase; tannins; China
Abstract:
... Tannins, which are polyphenols present in various plants, have anti-nutritional activity; however, their negative effects are mitigated by the presence of tannin-degrading microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. This has never been investigated in the plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) – the predominant small herbivore in the alpine meadow ecosystem of Qinghai Province, China – whi ...
DOI:
10.1080/15659801.2015.1016863

7. Occurrence of novel and rare subtype families of Cryptosporidium in bamboo rats (Rhizomys sinensis) in China

Author:
Liu, Xuehan; Zhou, Xiaoxiao; Zhong, Zhijun; Zuo, Zhicai; Shi, Jinjiang; Wang, Yingzhu; Qing, Baichun; Peng, Guangneng
Source:
Veterinary parasitology 2015 v.207 no.1-2 pp. 144-148
ISSN:
0304-4017
Subject:
Cryptosporidium parvum; DNA; Rhizomys; actin; bamboos; diarrhea; feces; genes; genotyping; glycoproteins; heat shock proteins; hosts; loci; markets; nucleotide sequences; oocysts; patients; polymerase chain reaction; rats; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis; staining; sucrose; China; Sweden
Abstract:
... This report is the first to describe Cryptosporidium infection in bamboo rats (Rhizomys sinensis). Ninety-two fresh fecal specimens were collected from a pet market in Ya’an City, China. One Cryptosporidium isolate from an asymptomatic host and two isolates from separate hosts with diarrhea were obtained by using Sheather's sucrose flotation technique and modified acid-fast staining. The Cryptospo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.11.009

8. Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in dairy cattle, beef cattle and water buffaloes in China

Author:
Ma, Jingbo; Li, Pei; Zhao, Xiaoping; Xu, Hailing; Wu, Wenxian; Wang, Yuanfei; Guo, Yaqiong; Wang, Lin; Feng, Yaoyu; Xiao, Lihua
Source:
Veterinary parasitology 2015 v.207 no.3-4 pp. 220-227
ISSN:
0304-4017
Subject:
Cryptosporidium andersoni; Cryptosporidium bovis; Cryptosporidium ryanae; Enterocytozoon; beef cattle; buffaloes; dairy cattle; diarrhea; farms; feces; genes; genotype; hosts; humans; internal transcribed spacers; mixed infection; polymerase chain reaction; protists; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis; yaks; zoonoses; China
Abstract:
... Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are important protists in a wide range of vertebrate hosts, causing diarrheal diseases. Cattle are considered potential reservoirs of Cryptosporidium infection in humans, although their role in the transmission of E. bieneusi is not clear. In the present work, 793 fecal specimens from dairy cattle, native beef cattle, and water buffaloes on 11 farms ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.10.011

9. Complete genome sequence of a novel human papillomavirus identified by metagenomic analysis from a child with diarrhea in China

Author:
Yu, Jie-mei; Zhao, Guoyan; Ao, Yuan-yun; Li, Li-li; Wang, David; Duan, Zhao-jun
Source:
Archives of virology 2015 v.160 no.2 pp. 549-552
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Alphapapillomavirus; Gammapapillomavirus; children; diarrhea; feces; gastroenteritis; genes; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; humans; metagenomics; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; sequence homology; viruses; China
Abstract:
... A highly divergent human papillomavirus, named HPV-CH2, was identified in fecal samples from children with diarrhea in China by 454 high-throughput sequencing. Here, we report the complete genome sequence and genetic organization of the virus. The full-length nucleotide sequence of HPV-CH2 shares the highest sequence similarity with HPV-156, with 72 % nucleotide sequence identity. The L1 gene of t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-014-2252-7

10. Indoor air pollution from burning yak dung as a household fuel in Tibet

Author:
Xiao, Qingyang; Saikawa, Eri; Yokelson, Robert J.; Chen, Pengfei; Li, Chaoliu; Kang, Shichang
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2015 v.102 pp. 406-412
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
air pollution; air quality; atmospheric chemistry; burning; carbon; combustion; cooking; emissions; emissions factor; feces; fuels; heat; households; particulates; pollutants; snow; surveys; water content; yaks; China
Abstract:
... Yak dung is widely used for cooking and heating in Tibet. We measured real-time concentrations of black carbon (BC) and fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) emitted by yak dung burning in six households with different living conditions and stove types in the Nam Co region, Tibet. We observed a much lower average BC/PM2.5 mass ratio (0.013, range 0.006–0.02 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.060

11. Insight into the indirect function of isopods in litter decomposition in mixed subtropical forests in China

Author:
Jia, Yanyan; Lv, Yanna; Kong, Xiangshi; Jia, Xiuqin; Tian, Kai; Du, Jingjing; Tian, Xingjun
Source:
Applied soil ecology 2015 v.86 pp. 174-181
ISSN:
0929-1393
Subject:
Armadillidium vulgare; biodegradation; byproducts; carbon; coniferous forests; ecosystems; enzyme activity; fauna; feces; legumes; lignin; microbial activity; microbial biomass; mixed forests; monophenol monooxygenase; nitrogen content; peroxidase; phenolic compounds; plant litter; soil enzymes; soil microorganisms; soil treatment; webs; China
Abstract:
... Aboveground consumers can shape belowground processes in brown-food webs of forests by converting litter into faeces. Woodlice are one of the important aboveground consumer groups driving the dynamics of belowground soil. Although considerable data on litter decomposition exists, the indirect effects of woodlice (different qualities of faeces) on litter decomposition need to be explored further. I ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.10.015

12. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in captive lesser panda (Ailurus fulgens) in China

Author:
Wang, Tao; Chen, Zuqin; Yu, Hua; Xie, Yue; Gu, Xiaobing; Lai, Weiming; Peng, Xuerong; Yang, Guangyou
Source:
Parasitology research 2015 v.114 no.2 pp. 773-776
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Ailurus; Cryptosporidium andersoni; control methods; diarrhea; feces; genes; humans; parasites; pathogens; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal RNA; zoos; China
Abstract:
... Cryptosporidium is a global epidemic parasite and one of the most important intestinal pathogens causing diarrhea in animals and humans. Despite extensive research on this parasite group, little is known about rates of Cryptosporidium infection in lesser pandas. In this study, we use molecular diagnostic tools to detect Cryptosporidium infections and identify Cryptosporidium species in the lesser ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-014-4290-1
PubMed:
25563613

13. Apparent digestibility coefficients and amino acid availability of common protein ingredients in the diets of bullfrog, Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana

Author:
Zhang, Chun-xiao; Huang, Kang-kang; Wang, Ling; Song, Kai; Zhang, Lu; Li, Peng
Source:
Aquaculture 2015 v.437 pp. 38-45
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Lithobates; Rana; amino acids; animals; aquariums; chromic oxide; cottonseed meal; crude protein; digestibility; digestible protein; energy; experimental diets; farming systems; feather meal; feces; feeds; fish meal; ingredients; leaching; meat and bone meal; nutrient availability; peanut meal; phosphorus; pork; poultry meal; rapeseed meal; soybean meal; China
Abstract:
... Farming of bullfrog Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana has been expanding remarkably in the past decades to support an emerging food delicacy in southeastern China. However, lack of understanding of nutrient availability in common protein ingredients restricts precise formulation of bullfrog feeds, partially because of difficulties in collection of fecal material from bullfrog. Therefore, we carefully ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.11.015

14. Contaminant sources, gastrointestinal absorption, and tissue distribution of organohalogenated pollutants in chicken from an e-waste site

Author:
Zheng, Xiao-Bo; Luo, Xiao-Jun; Zheng, Jing; Zeng, Yan-Hong; Mai, Bi-Xian
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2015 v.505 pp. 1003-1010
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
animal ovaries; blood serum; blood-brain barrier; brain; chickens; dietary nutrient sources; electronic wastes; ethane; feces; flame retardants; heart; intestinal absorption; intestines; kidneys; liver; muscles; pollutants; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; polychlorinated biphenyls; recycling; soil; stomach; testes; tissue distribution; tissues; China
Abstract:
... Several organohalogenated pollutants (OHPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) were examined in chicken dietary sources (soil and feed) and gastrointestinal contents (chyme, intestinal contents, and feces), and in 11 chicken tissues (liver, muscle, heart, lung, fat, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.076

15. Intraperitoneal administration of butyrate prevents the severity of acetic acid colitis in rats

Author:
Malago, Joshua J.; Sangu, Catherine L.
Source:
Journal of Zhejiang University 2015 v.16 no.3 pp. 224-234
ISSN:
1673-1581
Subject:
acetic acid; colitis; colon; diarrhea; epithelium; feces; hemorrhage; histopathology; intraperitoneal injection; oral administration; patients; rats; sodium butyrate; China
Abstract:
... Intrarectal infusion of butyrate improves colorectal disorders including ulcerative colitis (UC). However, it is not established whether systemically administered butyrate benefits such patients. The current study aimed at exploring and comparing the potential of intraperitoneally, intrarectally, and orally administered butyrate against acetic acid (AA)-induced UC in rats. Intrarectal administrati ...
DOI:
10.1631/jzus.B1400191
PubMed:
25743124
PubMed Central:
PMC4357372

16. Molecular identification of hookworms in stray and shelter dogs from Guangzhou city, China using ITS sequences

Author:
Liu, Y.J.; Zheng, G.C.; Zhang, P.; Alsarakibi, M.; Zhang, X.H.; Li, Y.W.; Liu, T.; Ren, S.N.; Chen, Z.X.; Liu, Y.L.; Li, S.J.; Li, G.Q.
Source:
Journal of helminthology 2015 v.89 no.2 pp. 196-202
ISSN:
1475-2697
Subject:
dogs; eggs; feces; hookworms; humans; internal transcribed spacers; light microscopy; pets; polymerase chain reaction; public health; restriction fragment length polymorphism; risk; China
Abstract:
... Canine hookworm infections are endemic worldwide, with zoonotic transmission representing a potentially significant public health concern. This study aimed to investigate hookworm infection and identify the prevalent species from stray and shelter dogs in Guangzhou city, southern China by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) based on internal transcribed sp ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0022149X13000783
PubMed:
24280028

17. Multi-locus analysis of Giardia duodenalis from nonhuman primates kept in zoos in China: Geographical segregation and host-adaptation of assemblage B isolates

Author:
Karim, Md Robiul; Wang, Rongjun; Yu, Fuchang; Li, Tongyi; Dong, Haiju; Li, Dezhong; Zhang, Longxian; Li, Junqiang; Jian, Fuchun; Zhang, Sumei; Rume, Farzana Islam; Ning, Changshen; Xiao, Lihua
Source:
Infection, genetics, and evolution 2015 v.30 pp. 82-88
ISSN:
1567-1348
Subject:
Giardia lamblia; Lemuridae; Saimiri; feces; genes; genotype; giardin protein; glutamate dehydrogenase; guinea pigs; humans; loci; molecular epidemiology; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; rabbits; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis; triose-phosphate isomerase; zoo animals; zoos; China; Italy; Sweden
Abstract:
... Only a few studies based on single locus characterization have been conducted on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis in nonhuman primates (NHPs). The present study was conducted to examine the occurrence and genotype identity of G. duodenalis in NHPs based on multi-locus analysis of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA), triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), glutamate dehydrogenase ( ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.meegid.2014.12.013

18. New serotypes of porcine teschovirus identified in Shanghai, China

Author:
Sun, Huan; Gao, Han; Chen, Molin; Lan, Daoliang; Hua, Xiuguo; Wang, Chunyan; Yuan, Congli; Yang, Zhibiao; Cui, Li
Source:
Archives of virology 2015 v.160 no.3 pp. 831-835
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Porcine teschovirus; feces; genes; herds; pathogenicity; phylogeny; sequence analysis; serotypes; swine; China
Abstract:
... Teschoviruses are widely endemic and commonly found in pig fecal samples. In this study, we collected fecal specimens from various pig herds and genotyped them based on the VP1 gene. Of 322 samples, 276 were positive, giving a PTV infectivity rate of 85.7 %. PTV4 was the most common serotype found in Shanghai, followed by PTV8 and PTV10. Interestingly, Some Shanghai strains belonging to a new PTV ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-014-2326-6

19. Semen-Like Floral Scents and Pollination Biology of a Sapromyophilous Plant Stemona japonica (Stemonaceae)

Author:
Chen, Gao; Jürgens, Andreas; Shao, Lidong; Liu, Yang; Sun, Weibang; Xia, Chengfeng
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 2015 v.41 no.3 pp. 244-252
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
Annonaceae; Apocynaceae; Araceae; Atherigona; Stemona; bioassays; carnivores; dead animals; detritivores; feces; flowers; fruiting bodies; fungi; gas chromatography; habitats; headspace analysis; herbivores; indigenous species; mass spectrometry; microextraction; odors; oviposition; pollen; pollination; pollinators; shoots; smell; volatile organic compounds; China
Abstract:
... By emitting scent resembling that of organic material suitable for oviposition and/or consumption by flies, sapromyophilous flowers use these flies as pollinators. To date, intensive scent analyses of such flowers have been restricted to Apocynaceae, Annonaceae, and Araceae. Recent studies have suggested that the wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from sapromyophilous flowers play an ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10886-015-0563-0

20. Effect of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce on zinc absorption in children

Author:
Li, Min; Wu, Jinghuan; Ren, Tongxiang; Wang, Rui; Li, Weidong; Piao, Jianhua; Wang, Jun; Yang, Xiaoguang
Source:
Food & function 2015 v.6 no.3 pp. 788-792
ISSN:
2042-650X
Subject:
absorption; bioavailability; children; dysprosium; feces; females; ferrous sulfate; iron; isotopes; males; nutrient deficiencies; soy sauce; zinc; China
Abstract:
... NaFeEDTA has been applied in many foods as an iron fortificant and is used to prevent iron deficiency in Fe-depleted populations. In China, soy sauce is fortified with NaFeEDTA to control iron deficiency. However, it is unclear whether Fe-fortified soy sauce affects zinc absorption. To investigate whether NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce affects zinc absorption in children, sixty children were enrolle ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4fo00722k

21. Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in cats and dogs in Heilongjiang province, China

Author:
Li, Wei; Li, Yijing; Song, Mingxin; Lu, Yixin; Yang, Jinping; Tao, Wei; Jiang, Yanxue; Wan, Qiang; Zhang, Siwen; Xiao, Lihua
Source:
Veterinary parasitology 2015 v.208 no.3-4 pp. 125-134
ISSN:
0304-4017
Subject:
Cryptosporidium; DNA; Enterocytozoon; Giardia lamblia; amino acid sequences; cats; cryptosporidiosis; dogs; feces; genes; genotype; genotyping; giardiasis; human diseases; humans; internal transcribed spacers; microsporidiosis; pets; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis; triose-phosphate isomerase; wastewater; water pollution; China
Abstract:
... This study investigated 319 fecal specimens of cats (n=52) and dogs (n=267) from Heilongjiang province, China for the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Giardia duodenalis. PCR and DNA sequence analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene identified C. felis and C. parvum in one cat each (3.8%) and C. canis and C. ubiquitum in 6 dogs (2.2%). Polymorp ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.01.014

22. Reassessing the evolutionary history of ass-like equids: Insights from patterns of genetic variation in contemporary extant populations

Author:
Rosenbom, Sónia; Costa, Vânia; Chen, Shanyuan; Khalatbari, Leili; Yusefi, Gholam Hosein; Abdukadir, Ablimit; Yangzom, Chamba; Kebede, Fanuel; Teclai, Redae; Yohannes, Hagos; Hagos, Futsum; Moehlman, Patricia D.; Beja-Pereira, Albano
Source:
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 2015 v.85 pp. 88-96
ISSN:
1055-7903
Subject:
Equus hemionus; asses; cytochrome b; feces; genetic relationships; genetic variation; mitochondrial DNA; monophyly; population structure; sequence analysis; threatened species; China
Abstract:
... All extant equid species are grouped in a single genus – Equus. Among those, ass-like equids have remained particularly unstudied and their phylogenetic relations were poorly understood, most probably because they inhabit extreme environments in remote geographic areas. To gain further insights into the evolutionary history of ass-like equids, we have used a non-invasive sampling approach to colle ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ympev.2015.01.005

23. Yak dung combustion aerosols in the Tibetan Plateau: Chemical characteristics and influence on the local atmospheric environment

Author:
Chen, Pengfei; Kang, Shichang; Bai, Jiankun; Sillanpää, Mika; Li, Chaoliu
Source:
Atmospheric research 2015 v.156 pp. 58-66
ISSN:
0169-8095
Subject:
aerosols; air; arsenic; burning; cadmium; carbon; combustion; feces; heavy metals; physicochemical properties; pollutants; snow; yaks; China; South Asia
Abstract:
... The study of the source areas of atmospheric pollutants in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) – one of the most remote regions in the world – has raised a great deal of concern. It is generally considered that the majority of pollutants in this region are transported from outside the TP. This research investigated the water soluble elements and carbonaceous matter from aerosols emitted from yak dung combust ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.01.001

24. Molecular identification of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in grazing horses from Xinjiang, China

Author:
Qi, Meng; Zhou, Huan; Wang, Haiyan; Wang, Rongjun; Xiao, Lihua; Arrowood, Michael J.; Li, Junqiang; Zhang, Longxian
Source:
Veterinary parasitology 2015 v.209 no.3-4 pp. 169-172
ISSN:
0304-4017
Subject:
Cryptosporidium; Giardia lamblia; feces; foals; genes; genotype; grazing; mares; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis; China
Abstract:
... A total of 262 fecal specimens collected from grazing horses at five locations in Xinjiang, China were examined by PCR for Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis. The Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis infection rates were 2.7% and 1.5%, respectively. Seven Cryptosporidium-positive specimens were found in foals (16.3%), and four G. duodenalis-positive specimens were found in mares (2.5%). Sequ ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.02.030

25. Changes in plant, soil, and microbes in a typical steppe from simulated grazing: explaining potential change in soil C

Author:
Liu, N.; Kan, H. M.; Yang, G. W.; Zhang, Y. J.
Source:
Ecological monographs 2015 v.85 no.2 pp. 269-286
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
bacteria; botanical composition; carbon; carbon sequestration; defoliation; ecosystems; feces; grassland soils; grazing effects; microbial growth; mowing; mycorrhizal fungi; plant response; soil carbon; soil respiration; steppes; tissues; trampling damage; ungulates; urine; China
Abstract:
... Grazing can directly or indirectly influence carbon (C) inputs, turnover, and retention in grassland soil. However, relative to the plant response to grazing, belowground biota and process responses are more complex and often do not correlate with the aboveground responses. Ungulate grazing involves three mechanisms; defoliation (removal of plant shoot tissue), dung and urine return, and trampling ...
DOI:
10.1890/14-1368.1

26. Effects of dietary neutral detergent fibre to protein ratio on duodenal microbial nitrogen flow and nitrogen losses in lactating cows fed high-concentrate total mixed rations with different forage combinations

Author:
REN, Q. C.; JIN, X.; ZHANG, Z. H.; YANG, H. J.; LI, S. L.
Source:
The Journal of agricultural science 2015 v.153 no.4 pp. 753-764
ISSN:
1469-5146
Subject:
Holstein; ammonium nitrogen; blood; carbohydrate content; crude protein; dairy cows; dairy protein; dry matter intake; feces; forage; lactation; milk; milk fat; milk protein yield; milk synthesis; neutral detergent fiber; nitrogen; rumen; small intestine; total mixed rations; urea nitrogen; urine; China
Abstract:
... The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary neutral detergent fibre (NDF) : crude protein (CP) ratio on duodenal microbial crude protein (MCP) flow and nitrogen (N) losses. The study was completed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with five lactating Holstein dairy cows and 5 high-concentrate total mixed rations (TMR) with different forage combinations, typical for Nor ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0021859614001312

27. Genotyping and subtyping of Giardia and Cryptosporidium isolates from commensal rodents in China

Author:
ZHAO, Z.; WANG, R.; ZHAO, W.; QI, M.; ZHAO, J.; ZHANG, L.; LI, J.; LIU, A.
Source:
Parasitology 2015 v.142 no.6 pp. 800-806
ISSN:
1469-8161
Subject:
Cryptosporidium muris; Cryptosporidium parvum; Giardia lamblia; Mus musculus; cryptosporidiosis; diarrhea; farms; feces; genes; genotyping; glycoproteins; humans; loci; oocysts; parasites; rats; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis; China
Abstract:
... Cryptosporidium and Giardia are two important zoonotic intestinal parasites responsible for diarrhoea in humans and other animals worldwide. Rodents, as reservoirs or carriers of Cryptosporidium and Giardia, are abundant and globally widespread. In the present study, we collected 232 fecal specimens from commensal rodents captured in animal farms and farm neighbourhoods in China. We collected 33 A ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0031182014001929
PubMed:
25579244

28. Heavy metal contaminations and influence on the red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) in Wuyur catchments, Northeastern China

Author:
Luo, Jinming; Ye, Yajie; Gao, Zhongyan; Wang, Yongjie; Wang, Wenfeng
Source:
Environmental earth sciences 2015 v.73 no.9 pp. 5657-5667
ISSN:
1866-6280
Subject:
Grus japonensis; birds; cadmium; chromium; copper; egg shell; feathers; feces; habitats; heavy metals; lead; liver; organic matter; oxides; rare species; sediments; tissues; toxicity; watersheds; zinc; China
Abstract:
... Five heavy metal concentrations, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd), in the sediments and six typical aquatic animal taxa were analyzed to determine the contamination from heavy metals in the habitat of the red-crowned cranes in Northeastern China. The body burden of these metals in the cranes was analyzed to examine the impact of these hazards on the rare species. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12665-014-3820-6

29. Identification and morphologic and molecular characterization of Cyclospora macacae n. sp. from rhesus monkeys in China

Author:
Li, Na; Ye, Jianbin; Arrowood, Michael J.; Ma, Jingbo; Wang, Lin; Xu, Hailing; Feng, Yaoyu; Xiao, Lihua
Source:
Parasitology research 2015 v.114 no.5 pp. 1811-1816
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Cyclospora cayetanensis; Eimeria; Macaca mulatta; birds; feces; genes; host specificity; humans; monophyly; oocysts; pathogens; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis; China; North America
Abstract:
... Cyclospora spp. in nonhuman primates are most closely related to Cyclospora cayetanensis, an emerging human pathogen causing outbreaks of cyclosporiasis in North America. Studies thus far indicate the possible existence of host specificity in Cyclospora spp. In this study, 411 fecal specimens from free-range rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were collected and examined for Cyclospora by sequence ana ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-015-4367-5
PubMed:
25673080
PubMed Central:
PMC5784403

30. Isolation, molecular characterization and evaluation of the pathogenicity of a porcine rotavirus isolated from Jiangsu Province, China

Author:
Zhang, Hewei; Zhang, Zhuo; Wang, Yufei; Wang, Xin; Xia, Mingqi; Wu, Hua
Source:
Archives of virology 2015 v.160 no.5 pp. 1333-1338
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Rotavirus; cytopathogenicity; diarrhea; feces; genotype; genotyping; piglets; viral load; virulent strains; China
Abstract:
... In this study, a porcine rotavirus was isolated from a fecal sample from a diarrheic piglet in Jiangsu Province, China. Rotavirus-specific cytopathic effects were observed after 12 blind passages on MA-104 cells, yielding a virus titer of 10⁶.¹²⁵TCID₅₀/ml. By applying an 80 % nucleotide cutoff value and the RotaC².⁰automated genotyping tool, the Vp4 genotype of the new isolate was identified as P[ ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-015-2347-9

31. Molecular characterization and multiple infections of rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus in outpatients with sporadic gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2010–2011

Author:
Lu, Lijuan; Jia, Ran; Zhong, Huaqing; Xu, Menghua; Su, Liyun; Cao, Lingfeng; Dong, Zuoquan; Dong, Niuniu; Xu, Jin
Source:
Archives of virology 2015 v.160 no.5 pp. 1229-1238
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Human astrovirus; Norovirus; Rotavirus; Sapovirus; children; diarrhea; feces; gastroenteritis; genotype; humans; mixed infection; pathogens; patients; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; vaccination; viruses; China
Abstract:
... Rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NoV), sapovirus (SaV), human astrovirus (HAstV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) are significant because they are the most common pathogens that cause diarrhea in young children. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic characteristics and compare the roles of these five viruses in outpatient children with diarrhea in Shanghai. A total of 436 fecal samples were co ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-015-2387-1

32. Occurrence of sulfonamide-, tetracycline-, plasmid-mediated quinolone- and macrolide-resistance genes in livestock feedlots in Northern China

Author:
Mu, Quanhua; Li, Jin; Sun, Yingxue; Mao, Daqing; Wang, Qing; Luo, Yi
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research international 2015 v.22 no.9 pp. 6932-6940
ISSN:
0944-1344
Subject:
antibiotic resistance; beef cattle; chickens; farming systems; feces; feedlots; genes; human health; humans; pathogens; soil; swine; tetracycline; China
Abstract:
... Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock feedlots deserve attention because they are prone to transfer to human pathogens and thus pose threats to human health. In this study, the occurrence of 21 ARGs, including tetracycline (tet)-, sulfonamide (sul)-, plasmid-mediated quinolone (PMQR)- and macrolide-resistance (erm) genes were investigated in feces and adjacent soils from chicken, swine, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11356-014-3905-5

33. Spatial patterns, storages and sources of black carbon in soils from the catchment of Qinghai Lake, China

Author:
Zhan, C. L.; Cao, J. J.; Han, Y. M.; Wang, P.; Huang, R. J.; Wei, C.; Hu, W. G.; Zhang, J. Q.
Source:
European journal of soil science 2015 v.66 no.3 pp. 525-534
ISSN:
1351-0754
Subject:
bog soils; frost; soil organic carbon; animals; lakes; soil depth; feces; carbon cycle; fossil fuels; combustion; burning; biofuels; reflectance; soil profiles; watersheds; cooking; climate; China
Abstract:
... Black carbon (BC), composed of char and soot, is an important component of soil organic carbon (SOC), and these materials are potentially important for the global carbon cycle and global climate. A thermal‐optical reflectance method was used to determine the spatial patterns of SOC, BC, char and soot in nine soil types collected from 152 sites in the Qinghai Lake catchment. All of the analytes sho ...
DOI:
10.1111/ejss.12236

34. Origin, Evolution, and Virulence of Porcine Deltacoronaviruses in the United States

Author:
Ma, Yuanmei; Zhang, Yu; Liang, Xueya; Lou, Fangfei; Oglesbee, Michael; Krakowka, Steven; Li, Jianrong
Source:
mBio 2015 v.6 no.2 pp. e00064-15
ISSN:
2150-7511
Subject:
Deltacoronavirus; Melogale moschata; Panthera pardus; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; RNA; Transmissible gastroenteritis virus; antiserum; atrophy; blood; control methods; diarrhea; disease control; epithelial cells; feces; genome; infectious diseases; kidneys; liver; lungs; necrosis; phylogeny; piglets; pneumonia; small intestine; stomach; swine diseases; virulence; viruses; vomiting; China; Indiana; Michigan; Ohio
Abstract:
... A novel porcine deltacoronavirus (PdCV) was first discovered in Ohio and Indiana in February 2014, rapidly spread to other states in the United States and Canada, and caused significant economic loss in the swine industry. The origin and virulence of this novel porcine coronavirus are not known. Here, we characterized U.S. PdCV isolates and determined their virulence in gnotobiotic and conventiona ...
DOI:
10.1128/mBio.00064-15
PubMed:
25759498
PubMed Central:
PMC4453528

35. Stomach content and faecal analysis of red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) in Zhalong Wetland, Northeastern China

Author:
Luo, Jinming; Ye, Yajie; Gao, Zhongyan; Wang, Wenfeng
Source:
Biologia 2015 v.70 no.4 pp. 542-546
ISSN:
1336-9563
Subject:
Grus japonensis; aquatic plants; birds; body size; corn; eating habits; ecology; feces; fish; foraging; gizzard; gravel; seeds; stomach; wetlands; China
Abstract:
... The discovery of eight dead red-crowned cranes in Zhalong Wetland, northeastern China, allowed us to examine their digestive tracts for identifiable prey in this study. Stomach content and fecal analyses were used to determine the foraging ecology of this crane species. The stomach content mass of the red-crowned crane carcasses varied according to body size and ranged from 10.62 g to 26.32 g. Gri ...
DOI:
10.1515/biolog-2015-0061

36. UPLC-QTOF-MS identification of metabolites in rat biosamples after oral administration of Dioscorea saponins: A comparative study

Author:
Tang, Yi-Na; Pang, Yu-Xin; He, Xi-Cheng; Zhang, Ya-Zhou; Zhang, Jian-Ye; Zhao, Zhong-Zhen; Yi, Tao; Chen, Hu-Biao
Source:
Journal of ethnopharmacology 2015 v.165 pp. 127-140
ISSN:
0378-8741
Subject:
herbs; urine; Dioscorea nipponica; oral administration; blood; metabolites; diosgenin; feces; herbal medicines; Dioscorea zingiberensis; traditional medicine; metabolism; bioactive compounds; rats; hydrogenation; pharmaceutical industry; pain; cardiovascular diseases; absorption; China
Abstract:
... Among the 49 species of the genus Dioscorea distributed in China, Dioscorea nipponica Makino (DN), Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burkill (DP), and Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (DZ) possess more or less similar traditional therapeutic actions, such as activating blood, relieving pain, and dispersing swelling; they have been used as folk medicine in China since 1950s. The modern pharmaceutica ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.017

37. A novel strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in Vietnamese pigs

Author:
Kim, Yong Kwan; Lim, Seong-In; Lim, Ji-Ae; Cho, In-Soo; Park, Eun-Hye; Le, Van Phan; Hien, Nguyen Ba; Thach, Pham Ngoc; Quynh, Do Hai; Vui, Tran Quang; Tien, Nguyen Trung; An, Dong-Jun
Source:
Archives of virology 2015 v.160 no.6 pp. 1573-1577
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; diarrhea; feces; genes; genotype; mortality; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; piglets; swine diseases; viral diseases of animals and humans; China; South Korea; United States; Vietnam
Abstract:
... Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhea and dehydration in suckling pigs and has caused high rates of death among piglets and substantial economic loss in Vietnam since 2009. To investigate the genotypes of prevailing PEDVs, intestinal and fecal samples from piglets from central and northern Vietnam were collected and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-015-2411-5

38. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Guangdong Province, Southern China

Author:
Li, Juan; Lin, Xuhui; Zhang, Longxian; Qi, Nanshan; Liao, Shenquan; Lv, Minna; Wu, Caiyan; Sun, Mingfei
Source:
Parasitology research 2015 v.114 no.6 pp. 2237-2241
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Columba livia; Cryptosporidium baileyi; breeding; farms; feces; genes; humans; oocysts; phylogeny; pigeons; public health; ribosomal RNA; risk; sequence analysis; sugars; China
Abstract:
... To investigate the prevalence and assess the zoonotic transmission burden of Cryptosporidium species in domestic pigeons in Guangdong Province, Southern China, 244 fecal samples were collected from four pigeon breeding farms between June 2012 and March 2013. Cryptosporidium oocysts were purified by Sheather’s sugar flotation technique and characterized by DNA sequencing of small subunit ribosomal ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-015-4415-1

39. Prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and genetic diversity of ITS genotypes in sheep and goats in China

Author:
Zhao, Wei; Zhang, Weizhe; Yang, Dong; Zhang, Longxian; Wang, Rongjun; Liu, Aiqin
Source:
Infection, genetics, and evolution 2015 v.32 pp. 265-270
ISSN:
1567-1348
Subject:
Enterocytozoon; farms; feces; genes; genetic variation; genotype; goats; hosts; internal transcribed spacers; microsporidiosis; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis; sheep; transcription (genetics); zoonoses; China
Abstract:
... Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microsporidia species, recognized in more than 90% cases of human microsporidiosis and has been found in a variety of animal hosts. To explore the prevalence of E. bieneusi in sheep and goats in China, genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi, 193 fecal specimens from 138 sheep and 55 goats from eight farms in Heilongjiang Province, China w ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.meegid.2015.03.026

40. Dominance of Giardia duodenalis assemblage A and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype BEB6 in sheep in Inner Mongolia, China

Author:
Ye, Jianbin; Xiao, Lihua; Wang, Yuanfei; Guo, Yaqiong; Roellig, Dawn M.; Feng, Yaoyu
Source:
Veterinary parasitology 2015 v.210 no.3-4 pp. 235-239
ISSN:
0304-4017
Subject:
Enterocytozoon; Giardia lamblia; ewes; farms; feces; genes; genotype; giardin protein; glutamate dehydrogenase; glutamic acid; internal transcribed spacers; lambs; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; triose-phosphate isomerase; China
Abstract:
... To examine the occurrence and genotype distribution of Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in sheep, fecal specimens were collected from 162 lambs and 213 ewes on seven farms in the Hulunbeier Prairie in Inner Mongolia, China. By PCR analysis of the triose-phosphate isomerase gene, 16 of the 375 (4.3%) specimens were positive for G. duodenalis, with 13 sequenced successfully belonging t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.011

41. Occurrence and removal of progestagens in two representative swine farms: Effectiveness of lagoon and digester treatment

Author:
Liu, Shuang-Shuang; Ying, Guang-Guo; Liu, You-Sheng; Yang, Yuan-Yuan; He, Liang-Ying; Chen, Jun; Liu, Wang-Rong; Zhao, Jian-Liang
Source:
Water research 2015 v.77 pp. 146-154
ISSN:
0043-1354
Subject:
animal wastes; aquatic environment; biogas; developing countries; farms; feces; fish; fish ponds; livestock and meat industry; progesterone; risk; surface water; swine; tandem mass spectrometry; ultra-performance liquid chromatography; vegetables; wastewater; China
Abstract:
... A total of 21 progestagens were screened in animal wastes and environmental samples from two representative swine farms and surrounding environments of South China using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) to assess the effectiveness of simple lagoon (and digester) treatment. The results showed that 11, 8 and 8 of 21 target progestagens were detected ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.watres.2015.03.022

42. Antidiarrheal effect of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. (Zingiberaceae) in experimental mice and its possible mechanism of action

Author:
Wang, Sheng; Zhao, Yang; Zhang, Junqing; Huang, Xiaoxing; Wang, Yifei; Xu, Xiaotao; Zheng, Bin; Zhou, Xue; Tian, Huajie; Liu, Li; Mei, Qibing
Source:
Journal of ethnopharmacology 2015 v.168 pp. 182-190
ISSN:
0378-8741
Subject:
Alpinia oxyphylla; Oriental traditional medicine; antidiarrheal effect; carbachol; castor oil; chromatography; diarrhea; ethanol; feces; flavones; gastrins; gastrointestinal transit; guinea pigs; histamine; ileum; mechanism of action; mice; motilin; neostigmine; nitric oxide; oral administration; rhubarb; sesquiterpenoids; somatostatin; spleen; China
Abstract:
... The fructus Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. (AOM) has been used for treating diarrhea with spleen deficiency and gastralgia for thousands of years. A number of traditional Chinese medicine formulae provide AOM as an alternative herbal treatment for diarrhea, but the scientific basis for this usage has not been well defined.In this study, we tried to investigate the antidiarrheal activity and possible mecha ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.066

43. UPLC-MS based metabolite profiles of two major bioactive components in herb pair scutellaria–coptis metabolized by intestinal bacteria derived from healthy rats and rats with type 2 diabetes

Author:
Du, Le-yue; Qian, Da-wei; Shang, Er-xin; Jiang, Shu; Liu, Pei; Guo, Jian-ming; Su, Shu-lan; Duan, Jin-ao; Xu, Jun; Zhao, Min
Source:
Analytical methods 2015 v.7 no.13 pp. 5574-5582
ISSN:
1759-9679
Subject:
Coptis chinensis; Scutellaria baicalensis; animal disease models; automation; baicalin; berberine; bioactive compounds; computer software; feces; intestinal microorganisms; liquids; mass spectrometry; metabolites; methylation; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; pathophysiology; pharmacokinetics; rats; rhizomes; ultra-performance liquid chromatography; China
Abstract:
... Radix Scutellariae (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) and Rhizoma Coptidis (Coptis chinensis Franch) are widely used in couple to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus in China. Recently, the gut microflora has emerged as another parameter of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the interaction between this herb couple and the gut microbiome remains unknown. In this research, a rapid, ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ay00931f

44. The prevalence of intestinal trichomonads in Chinese pigs

Author:
Li, Weizhi; Li, Wei; Gong, Pengtao; Zhang, Chengcai; Yang, Ju; Zhang, Xichen; Li, Jianhua
Source:
Veterinary parasitology 2015 v.211 no.1-2 pp. 12-15
ISSN:
0304-4017
Subject:
Pentatrichomonas hominis; Tetratrichomonas; Tritrichomonas; feces; genes; hosts; ribosomal RNA; swine; Belgium; China; Czech Republic; Philippines
Abstract:
... Intestinal infection of pigs with trichomonads, (Tritrichomonas suis, Tetratrichomonas buttreyi, and Pentatrichomonas hominis) has been reported in many countries, such as the Philippines, Belgium, and the Czech Republic. However, the prevalence of trichomonads infection of swine in China has not yet been investigated. In this study, we used small subunit ribosomal RNA genes to detect the prevalen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.028

45. Differential utility of the Bacteroidales DNA and RNA markers in the tiered approach for microbial source tracking in subtropical seawater

Author:
Liu, Rulong; Cheng, Ken H. F.; Wong, Klaine; Cheng, Samuel C. S.; Lau, Stanley C. K.
Source:
Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2015 v.99 no.13 pp. 5669-5681
ISSN:
0175-7598
Subject:
DNA; Enterococcus; Escherichia coli; cattle; feces; genes; genetic markers; indicator species; monitoring; oxygen; pollution; population dynamics; ribosomal RNA; seawater; water quality; China
Abstract:
... Source tracking of fecal pollution is an emerging component in water quality monitoring. It may be implemented in a tiered approach involving Escherichia coli and/or Enterococcus spp. as the standard fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and the 16S rRNA gene markers of Bacteroidales as source identifiers. The relative population dynamics of the source identifiers and the FIB may strongly influence the i ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00253-015-6410-y

46. Effects of 30 years repeated fertilizer applications on soil properties, microbes and crop yields in rice–wheat cropping systems

Author:
HU, CHENG; LI, SHUANG-LAI; QIAO, YAN; LIU, DONG-HAI; CHEN, YUN-FENG
Source:
Experimental agriculture 2015 v.51 no.3 pp. 355-369
ISSN:
1469-4441
Subject:
rice; inorganic phosphorus; soil organic carbon; Oryza sativa; soil properties; NPK fertilizers; fertilizer application; feces; soil microorganisms; Triticum aestivum; grain yield; soil fertility; composts; swine; nitrogen fertilizers; potassium fertilizers; nitrogen; cropping systems; phosphorus fertilizers; Yangtze River; China
Abstract:
... Long-term fertilization experiment has been conducted since 1981 to study the effect of soil management practices on soil fertility, soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration, soil culturable microbe counts and crop yields at the Nanhu Experimental Station in the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences (situated in the middle reach of the Yangtze River and the rice–wheat cropping system). The experime ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0014479714000350

47. Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Dairy Cattle in the Northeast of China: Genetic Diversity of ITS Gene and Evaluation of Zoonotic Transmission Potential

Author:
Zhao, Wei; Zhang, Weizhe; Yang, Fengkun; Zhang, Longxian; Wang, Rongjun; Cao, Jianping; Shen, Yujuan; Liu, Aiqin
Source:
The journal of eukaryotic microbiology 2015 v.62 no.4 pp. 553-560
ISSN:
1066-5234
Subject:
dairy cattle; epidemiology; feces; genes; genetic variation; genotype; genotyping; humans; internal transcribed spacers; microsporidiosis; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal RNA; China
Abstract:
... Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequently diagnosed microsporidian species in humans. It has been found in a wide range of animals and is considered an important zoonotic pathogen. To date, little information is available on the role that cattle play in the epidemiology of human microsporidiosis caused by E. bieneusi in China. In this study, 133 fecal specimens from dairy cattle were collecte ...
DOI:
10.1111/jeu.12210

48. Oral delivery of Bacillus subtilis spore expressing enolase of Clonorchis sinensis in rat model: induce systemic and local mucosal immune responses and has no side effect on liver function

Author:
Yu, Jinyun; Chen, Tingjin; Xie, Zhizhi; Liang, Pei; Qu, Honglin; Shang, Mei; Mao, Qiang; Ning, Dan; Tang, Zeli; Shi, Mengchen; Zhou, Lina; Huang, Yan; Yu, Xinbing
Source:
Parasitology research 2015 v.114 no.7 pp. 2499-2505
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Bacillus subtilis; Clonorchis sinensis; adverse effects; animal models; antigens; blood serum; clonorchiasis; digestion; duodenum; eggs; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; feces; freshwater fish; humans; ileum; immune response; immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin G; immunohistochemistry; jejunum; liver function; lysozyme; metacercariae; mucosal immunity; mucus; oral administration; phosphopyruvate hydratase; rats; spores; vaccine development; vaccines; villi; China
Abstract:
... Caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater fish containing infective metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis, human clonorchiasis remains a major public health problem in China. In previous study, we had expressed enolase from C. sinensis (CsENO) on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spore and the recombinant spore induced a pronounced protection in terms of reduced worm burden and eggs ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-015-4449-4

49. Pen size and parity effects on maternal behaviour of Small-Tail Han sheep

Author:
Lv, S.-J.; Yang, Y.; Dwyer, C. M; Li, F.-K.
Source:
Animal 2015 v.9 no.7 pp. 1195-1202
ISSN:
1751-732X
Subject:
cortisol; estradiol; ewes; feces; frequency; grooming (animal behavior); lactation; lambs; maternal behavior; maternal effect; parturition; sheep breeds; suckling; udders; weaning; weight gain; China
Abstract:
... The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of pen size and parity on maternal behaviour of twin-bearing Small-Tail Han ewes. A total of 24 ewes were allocated to a 2×2 design (six per pen), with parity (primiparous or multiparous) and pen size (large: 6.0×3.0 m; small: 6.0×1.5 m) as main effects at Linyi University, Shandong Province, China. Behaviour was observed from after parturition u ...
DOI:
10.1017/S175173111500052X
PubMed:
25857337

50. Prevalence and genetic diversity of noroviruses in adults with acute gastroenteritis in Huzhou, China, 2013–2014

Author:
Wu, Xiaofang; Han, Jiankang; Chen, Liping; Xu, Deshun; Shen, Yuehua; Zha, Yunfeng; Zhu, Xiaojuan; Ji, Lei
Source:
Archives of virology 2015 v.160 no.7 pp. 1705-1713
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Norovirus; RNA-directed RNA polymerase; adults; capsid; children; feces; gastroenteritis; genes; genetic variation; genotype; genotyping; molecular epidemiology; patients; phylogeny; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; viruses; China
Abstract:
... Norovirus (NoV) infection is the most common cause of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis, which affects both adults and children. However, the molecular epidemiology of NoV in adults with acute gastroenteritis in China has not been investigated extensively. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of NoV infections and analyzed the genetic diversity of NoV in adults with acute gastroenteritis ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-015-2440-0
PubMed:
25951970
PubMed Central:
PMC4464852