An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Morus alba; Morus nigra; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; chlorogenic acid; clones; flavonols; food matrix; leaves; mulberries; new products; pharmaceutical industry; phenolic compounds; phytopharmaceuticals; principal component analysis; value added; Spain
Abstract:
... The (poly)phenolic fingerprint and antioxidant activities of the leaves of white and black mulberry clones grown in Spain, one of the main European producers, were evaluated for the first time in order to examine their phytochemical potential. Data showed that mulberry leaves are rich in caffeoylquinic acids (6.8–8.5 mg/g dw) and flavonols (3.7–9.8 mg/g dw). It was also evidenced that a wide intra ...
Rosa M. Alonso‐Salces; Nicolas Segebarth; Sergio Garmón‐Lobato; Margaret V. Holland; Jose M. Moreno‐Rojas; Juan A. Fernández‐Pierna; Vincent Baeten; Sandra R. Fuselli; Blanca Gallo; Luis Angel Berrueta; Fabiano Reniero; Claude Guillou; Károly Héberger
European Union; carbon; deuterium; discriminant analysis; latitude; models; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; prediction; principal component analysis; protected designation of origin; provenance; spatial data; spectral analysis; stable isotopes; trade regulations; virgin olive oil; Crete; France; Greece; Italy; Spain; Turkey (country)
Abstract:
... ¹H‐NMR spectral data and H and C isotope abundances of virgin olive oils (VOOs) and their unsaponifiable fractions were analyzed by pattern recognition techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial‐least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). The aim was to develop chemical tools for the authentication of VOOs according to their geographical origin or protected designation of ...
cartography; geographic information systems; humans; planning; Spain
Abstract:
... This work describes the transformation process from 2D cartography to 3D, simply by overlapping images in common formats (jpeg, bmp, tiff, png, etc.) on Google Earth’s virtual globe. Arribes del Duero Natural Park, located west of the province of Salamanca, Spain, was the object of this part of the study. Other natural areas are also discussed and were used to establish a procedure for mapping geo ...
... A study of enteric viruses in raw and treated sewage from two secondary treatment plants, which received sewage from Oslo city (plant A) and small municipalities in Hedmark county in Norway (plant B), showed high levels of noro-, adeno-, and bocavirus throughout the year. A seasonal variation was observed for adeno- and GII norovirus with higher levels during winter and bocavirus that had more pos ...
... — Bryophyte diaspore banks remain poorly known, especially those from Atlantic forests. Here we describe the composition and characteristics of diaspore banks in Atlantic beech forests (Fagus sylvatica) (Navarra, Northern Spain) and compare them with above-ground vegetation. Soil samples from nine beech forests were cultivated for eight-nine months and germinating species were identified; we also ...
algorithms; prediction; wind speed; Spain; United States
Abstract:
... This paper introduces a new hybrid bio-inspired solver which combines elements from the recently proposed Coral Reefs Optimization (CRO) algorithm with operators from the Harmony Search (HS) approach, which gives rise to the coined CRO-HS optimization technique. Specifically, this novel bio-inspired optimizer is utilized in the context of short-term wind speed prediction as a means to obtain the b ...
H. Nasfi; M. A. Travers; J. de Lorgeril; C. Habib; T. Sannie; L. Sorieul; J. Gerard; J. C. Avarre; P. Haffner; D. Tourbiez; T. Renault; D. Furones; A. Roque; C. Pruzzo; D. Cheslett; R. Gdoura; T. Vallaeys
... The Vibrio splendidus clade has previously been associated with epidemic outbreaks of various aquatic animals, as in the case of the cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas. To investigate whether involved strains could present a clonal origin and to identify possible alternative background carriage animals or zooplankton, a large epidemiological survey was conducted on isolates of the splendidus clade. ...
computer software; crops; diet-related diseases; geographic information systems; groundwater; information management; irrigation systems; irrigation water; models; nutrients; olives; orchards; phosphates; risk; salinity; sodicity; soil degradation; surface water; trees; water quality; water reservoirs; Spain
Abstract:
... The primary aim of this study was to produce maps of various types of risk arising from the use of surface and ground water for irrigation (viz., soil degradation, plant nutritional disorders, clogging of irrigation systems and reservoir problems). The maps were obtained as the additive result of each hydrochemical variable (water properties and indices calculated from them) associated with each r ...
... Flow prediction in ungauged basins is an important task for water resources planning and management, and remains a fundamental challenge for hydroecological research. Based on a previous classification of streams and rivers in the Ebro River basin (Spain), where six natural flow‐regime types were identified, we apply a new predictive approach of the flow regime type based on climatic and physiogra ...
... Multivariate techniques for two-dimensional data matrices are normally used in water quality studies. However, if the temporal dimension is included in the analysis, other statistical techniques are recommended. In this study, partial triadic analysis was used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability in water quality variables sampled in a northeastern Spain river basin. The results hig ...
Mediterranean climate; data collection; equations; meteorological data; models; rain; watersheds; Australia; California; Chile; Mexico; South Africa; Spain
Abstract:
... Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships are the tools for obtaining design rainfall estimation. Their calculation requires rainfall data not commonly available in time. The scarce spatial information makes it difficult to perform a Regional Frequency Analysis (RFA). The objective of this paper was to establish a new method to obtain more efficient IDF relationships than those traditionall ...
... Scab caused by the fungus Fusicladium eriobotryae is the most serious disease affecting loquat in Spain. Isolation of F. eriobotryae from infected tissue on culture media can be difficult due to its slow growth. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based protocol was developed for F. eriobotryae‐specific identification from pure culture or infected loquat tissues. The primer set was designed in the e ...
... Soil bulk density is an important soil parameter directly related to a number of soil properties and processes and required to estimate element stocks in soils on an area basis. The measure of ρb is expensive and time-consuming and thus is often excluded from ordinary analyses. It is thus necessary the development of proper pedotransfer functions (PTF) to estimate ρb from parameters ordinarily inc ...
... The invasive red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii is a human‐mediated introduced species in the Iberian Peninsula. The species was introduced for economic reasons in the south of the Peninsula, but it is currently abundant and widespread in Portugal and Spain. As an invasive species, it is regulated by different laws in the Iberian Peninsula. Thus, although exploitation of this crayfish is permi ...
... A sequence of dated alluvial terraces can provide an excellent geomorphological framework for studying soil evolution over time. The aim of this study is to establish a soil chronosequence over the last million years on the calcareous fluvial deposits of the Alcanadre River in the semiarid Ebro Basin (NE Spain). Moreover, two methods for determining total CaCO3 content are compared: by calcimetry, ...
electricity; markets; neural networks; prediction; prices; time series analysis; topology; Australia; New York; Spain
Abstract:
... In this paper, we propose a new day-ahead direct time series forecasting method for competitive electricity markets based on clustering and next symbol prediction. In the clustering step, pattern sequence and their topology relations are obtained from self organizing map time series clustering. In the next symbol prediction step, with each cluster label in the pattern sequence represented as a pai ...
case studies; coal; explosions; laws and regulations; milk; oxygen; risk; risk assessment; risk reduction; working conditions; Spain
Abstract:
... Hazardous explosive atmospheres caused by dust may occur when powdered combustible material is present in an enclosed area. In general, dust explosions take place when high enough concentrations of combustible powdered dust particles are present in the atmosphere with another suitable gaseous medium such as oxygen. Because the manipulation of these substances in industrial activities entails a ris ...
black tea; electronic tongue; food prices; foods; least squares; markets; prediction; product quality; sensory system; Russia; Spain
Abstract:
... Retail price of food products is a complex interplay between multiple factors. Overall product quality has got one of the most serious impacts on the price in many situations. In the present study, an artificial sensory system (potentiometric electronic tongue) was employed for the analysis of black tea samples purchased in the retail stores in Spain and Russia. It was possible to relate the respo ...
adsorption; clofibric acid; human health; ibuprofen; ozonation; photocatalysis; wastewater; wastewater treatment; Germany; Spain; United States
Abstract:
... Pharmaceutical wastewater contains large amounts of high concentration refractory organic intermediates, which have got potential hazards to human health and the environment. It has attracted great attention from the governments, the public and the researchers. In this context, understanding current state of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment research can help guide future research. A bibliometri ...
A. Gredilla; S. Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo; A. de Diego; G. Arana; T. Stoichev; J.M. Amigo; J.C. Wasserman; A.V. Botello; S.K. Sarkar; J. Schäfer; C. Moreno; M. de la Guardia; J.M. Madariaga
United Nations Environment Programme; United States Environmental Protection Agency; arsenic; cadmium; case studies; chromium; copper; developing countries; estuaries; lead; nickel; normal values; sediment contamination; sediments; surface water; zinc; Brazil; Mexico; Portugal; Spain
Abstract:
... As a consequence of the limited resources of underdeveloped countries and the limited interest of the developed ones, the assessment of the chemical quality of entire water bodies around the world is a utopia in the near future.The methodology described here may serve as a first approach for the fast identification of water bodies that do not meet the good chemical status demanded by the European ...
... This research is focused on the study of the influence of the air masses together with the local meteorological fluctuations on the amount of radioactive elements in aerosols at surface air of the southeastern of Iberian Peninsula. The radioactivity in aerosols has been determined by measuring the concentration activity of Gross β and 7Be from January 4th, 2011 to December 31st, 2013. The activity ...
cognition; energy; hosts; infrastructure; local government; public opinion; public services and goods; stakeholders; wind power; wind turbines; Spain
Abstract:
... Historically, Spain has experienced relatively little public objection to wind power proposals, but this is changing in the region of Galicia, which now hosts a relatively concentrated level of wind turbines. To document and understand this objection, we take a cognitive mapping approach, commenting on its value as a method and focussing particularly on the issue of community compensation. Cogniti ...
... Environmental quality in coastal Europe has improved since the complete 2003 ban on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in antifouling paints. However, there is evidence that TBT is entering the water column, presumably from illegal practices. We determined the concentration of butyltins (BTs: TBT and derivatives) in populations of two gastropods, the rock snail Nucella lapillus (n=17) and the mud snail ...
business enterprises; electric energy consumption; energy; energy policy; models; profitability; solar collectors; Spain
Abstract:
... Net metering and net billing are electricity policies that enable grid-connected customer-generators (homes or businesses that own a PV (photovoltaic) or other generation technology connected to the grid) to offset some or all their electricity consumption and get paid for excess energy injected into the grid.There are many policies of net metering and net billing used by different countries. In t ...
... CONTEXT: Most current methods to assess connectivity begin with landscape resistance maps. The prevailing resistance models are commonly based on expert opinion and, more recently, on a direct transformation of habitat suitability. However, habitat associations are not necessarily accurate indicators of dispersal, and thus may fail as a surrogate of resistance to movement. Genetic data can provide ...
... The input of trace elements via atmospheric deposition towards industrial, urban, traffic, and rural areas is quite different and depends on the intensity of the anthropogenic activity. A comparative study between the element deposition fluxes in four sampling sites (industrial, urban, traffic, and rural) of the Cantabria region (northern Spain) has been performed. Sampling was carried out monthly ...
Fraxinus; agroforestry; land use; landscapes; microclimate; mountains; natural capital; soil organic carbon; soil water; soil water content; summer; temperature profiles; trees; vegetation; wages and remuneration; wind speed; Mediterranean region; Spain
Abstract:
... Two common forms of traditional land use systems in Mediterranean landscapes are dehesa and hedged fields. Both are agroforestry systems in which domestic stock are pastured: amongst parklike trees in dehesa, and in enclosures surrounded by stone walls and woody vegetation in hedged fields. The latter are now tending to be replaced by dehesa due to labour costs. Here, we investigate the boundary l ...
Claire A. Pernollet; Anis Guelmami; Andy J. Green; Antoni Curcó Masip; Bosco Dies; Giuseppe Bogliani; Franco Tesio; Anne Brogi; Michel Gauthier-Clerc; Matthieu Guillemain
... Agricultural lands can provide suitable habitat for birds under some conditions. In particular, waterfowl sometimes rely on ricefields as nocturnal foraging habitat during winter if post-harvest practices make food accessible. To assess whether the winter flooding of ricefields could be a major driver of duck regional abundance in Europe, we relied on a combination of spatial and temporal analyses ...
... This study investigates the pollen of Cupressaceae in the atmosphere of Salamanca during the years 2000–2007. Annual variations in the concentration of pollen in the atmosphere were analysed by the volumetric method using Hirst spore trap. From a quantitative point of view, Cupressaceae is the third most abundant airborne taxa in the city of Salamanca where it constitutes 11 % of the total pollen ...
... Over the past years, a growing environmental awareness in our society has run parallel with the development and implementation of environmental management systems in tourism destinations. The Blue Flag classification system for beach coastal systems tries to justify environmental quality, even when these areas have long lost their geomorphological and ecologic features. The aim of this project is ...
Griet Vandermeersch; Lisbeth Van Cauwenberghe; Colin R. Janssen; Antonio Marques; Kit Granby; Gabriella Fait; Michiel J.J. Kotterman; Jorge Diogène; Karen Bekaert; Johan Robbens; Lisa Devriese
Mytilus edulis; Mytilus galloprovincialis; estuaries; fish; food safety; food webs; human health and safety; ingestion; marine environment; monitoring; mussels; nitric acid; plastics; zooplankton; Denmark; France; Italy; Netherlands; Portugal; Spain
Abstract:
... Microplastics, plastic particles and fragments smaller than 5mm, are ubiquitous in the marine environment. Ingestion and accumulation of microplastics have previously been demonstrated for diverse marine species ranging from zooplankton to bivalves and fish, implying the potential for microplastics to accumulate in the marine food web. In this way, microplastics can potentially impact food safety ...
digital elevation models; gravity; heavy metals; inventories; land restoration; land use change; landscapes; lead; mine tailings; mining; ravines; silver; surveys; terracing; topography; valleys; zinc; Australia; Chile; Peru; Spain; United States
Abstract:
... The San Cristóbal–Perules mining site in Mazarrón in southeast Spain was subjected to about a hundred years of intense mining activity for lead, silver, and zinc. Metallurgical operations (smelting, calcination, gravity concentration) carried out during the late nineteenth century–early twentieth century induced significant land transformation, and the most conspicuous wastes of this period consis ...
... A model was developed for predicting current and future disaggregated volume, biomass and carbon stocks in even-aged pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) stands in Galicia (northwestern Spain). In the model, the stand state at any point in time is defined by age (A), dominant height (H), number of trees per hectare (N) and stand basal area (G). A dynamic model project H, N and G over time by using t ...
climate; data collection; energy conversion; farms; meteorological data; water power; Australia; Chile; Nova Scotia; Scotland; Spain
Abstract:
... In this work an analysis of suitable locations for the development of wave energy farms is carried out based on representative operation and maintenance parameters. The analysis is applied globally on the basis of long-term global climate data set. Availability and accessibility levels are assessed first by considering different wave height thresholds. Secondly, the O&M access limits are quantifie ...
European Union; basins; climate change; crop yield; environmental assessment; farmers; hydrologic models; irrigated farming; irrigation systems; irrigation water; risk; socioeconomics; water policy; water use efficiency; Spain
Abstract:
... Recent research has demonstrated the multidimensional and multi-scalar nature of climate change, evidencing the need to develop integrated tools for the analysis of impacts and adaptation. This research presents a hydro-economic model of the Middle-Guadiana basin, Spain, to assess potential effects of climate change on irrigated agriculture and options for adaptation. It combines a farm-based econ ...
Viviane da Silva Lacerda; Juan Benito López-Sotelo; Adriana Correa-Guimarães; Salvador Hernández-Navarro; Mercedes Sánchez-Bascones; Luis M. Navas-Gracia; Pablo Martín-Ramos; Eduardo Pérez-Lebeña; Jesús Martín-Gil
... Native cellulose, lignocellulosic materials from Brazil (carnauba palm leaves and macauba pulp and shell) and pine nut shell from Spain have been studied as substrates for the production of HMF and furfural in a conventional microwave oven. In order to promote the dissolution of native cellulose, several ionic liquids, catalysts, organic solvents and water doses have been assessed. The most suitab ...
... New particle formation (NPF) was investigated at a coastal background site in Southwest Spain over a four-year period using a Scanning Particle Mobility Sizer (SMPS). The goals of the study were to characterise the NPF and to investigate their relationship to meteorology, gas phase (O3, SO2, CO and NO2) and solar radiation (UVA, UVB and global). A methodology for identifying and classifying the NP ...
... The lack of space and opportunity for development has been identified as key reasons behind the stagnation of the European aquaculture industry. With the historical loss and degradation of current European wetlands there is an opportunity for harnessing the commercial investment of the aquaculture industry in construction of dual purpose wetlands that incorporate both conservation and extensive aq ...
... QUESTIONS: When a tree or a shrub dies, the space it occupied can be overtaken by plants that were recruiting beneath it or colonized by new species. Such replacement processes can drive the temporal change in species abundance in a plant community. Can we predict the dynamics of a real plant community using observational data on plant–plant recruitment interactions? What would be the relative imp ...
Plantago; allergenicity; hay fever; human health; meteorological parameters; neural networks; pollen; risk; Spain
Abstract:
... Some biological particles present in the atmosphere, such as pollen grains, give rise to human health problems, allergies, and infections. In view of the recognized special allergenic ability of Plantago pollen grains, a model based on an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed in this work in order to forecast the Plantago airborne pollen concentration. The proposed model uses data from Pla ...
... KEY MESSAGE : Climate change is likely to heavily affect the provision of goods and services of Mediterranean forests. Our results strongly point out the need to develop adaptive strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change in order to assure the maintenance of the stands aiming their multifunctionality, more than their monetary revenues. CONTEXT : Climate change in the Mediterranean region ...
... Aim: To model the areas becoming and remaining highly suitable for Aspergillus niger growth over the next ninety years by future climate alteration, in relation to the species’ potential enhancement of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) biodegradation in soil.Location: Global scaleMethods: Projections of A. niger growth suitability for 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100 were made using the A2 emissions scenar ...
... Speleogenetic research on alpine caves has advanced significantly during the last decades. These investigations require techniques from different geoscience disciplines that must be adapted to the methodological constraints of working in deep caves. The Picos de Europa mountains are one of the most important alpine karsts, including 14% of the World's Deepest Caves (caves with more than 1km depth) ...
... We present a multi-trait approach to identify potentially vulnerable species of Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies) and Trichoptera (caddisflies), collectively referred to as EPT, to the impacts of climate change (CC). The “climate change vulnerability score” (CCVS) is an aggregation of six autecological traits that are known to be associated with vulnerability to CC: endemism, micro ...
... Palaeoenvironmental reconstructions from fossil mammals are based on the straightforward relationship between the environment and the mammal assemblage living in the area. However, in some cases the environmental variables estimated from mammals are biassed by local influences. The palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Granada Basin (southern Spain) based on carbon and oxygen isotopes from ena ...
... The legal recognition of the geographical origin of wines, named Appellation of Origin, is of great interest for both consumers and producers, since it provides decisive criteria of acceptability in terms of guaranteed quality. However, when wines are considered to differ among the viticultural regions where they are produced, it is difficult to verify if the distinction is actually linked to thei ...
Apoidea; case studies; cyanobacterial toxins; drinking water; models; recreation; risk; support vector machines; surface water; Spain
Abstract:
... Cyanotoxins, a kind of poisonous substances produced by cyanobacteria, are responsible for health risks in surface waters used for drinking or for recreation. Consequently, anticipation of its presence is a matter of importance to prevent risks. The aim of this study is to build a cyanotoxin diagnostic model by using support vector machines (SVMs) in combination with the artificial bee colony (ABC ...
Limoniidae; Palearctic region; biodiversity; crane flies; male genitalia; new species; Andorra; Bulgaria; Eastern European region; Greece; Romania; Spain
Abstract:
... Molophilus Curtis, 1833 is the most species-rich Limoniidae genus with a total number of 1006 species and subspecies, from which 97 are recorded in the Western-Palaearctic region so far. However new species are still expected from less investigated regions, like the Balkans or the Eastern Europe. In the present article, we desrcibe a new limonid crane fly species, Molophilusbalcanicus Kolcsár sp. ...
... A new species of polycerid nudibranchs of the genus Tambja is described from Mallorca Island (Spain) and Malta. So far, only two species of Tambja had been recorded in the Mediterranean Sea with a distribution limited to southern Spain. With Tambja mediterranea sp. nov., the distribution of the genus in the Mediterranean Sea is extended, and the new species represents the first occurrence of Tambj ...
... PURPOSE: To propose an index for assessing adherence to a Middle Eastern version of the Mediterranean diet as represented by the Traditional Lebanese Mediterranean diet (LMD), to evaluate the association between the LMD and selected European Mediterranean diets (EMD), and to examine socio-demographic and lifestyle correlates of adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) among Lebanese adults. METHODS: U ...