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acetaminophen; aquatic ecosystems; caffeine; data collection; estrone; liquid chromatography; public policy; rivers; sewage; solid phase extraction; streams; surface water; tandem mass spectrometry; urban areas; wastewater treatment; water pollution; water quality; Brazil
Abstract:
... This manuscript reports a 3-year study on occurrence of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and triclosan in surface waters of a central urban region of São Paulo State of Southeast Brazil (the Monjolinho River in São Carlos). Water samples collected once at every 2 months were pre-concentrated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-M ...
... Lethal and sublethal responses related to different phases of metabolism (phases I and II enzymatic activities), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase activity), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities), and genetic damage (DNA strand breaks) were analysed to assess the possible adverse effects of pharmaceuticals bound to marine sediments. The crustacean amphipod Ampel ...
... To develop an anti‐obesity agent, we examined the combination effect of glucosyl hesperidin (G‐hesperidin) and caffeine on obesity in mice. High‐fat diet‐induced obese KK mice were fed a low‐fat diet with or without G‐hesperidin, caffeine, or their combination for 2 weeks. Decreases in body weight and significantly lower adipose tissue weight were observed in the combination‐fed mice but not in th ...
caffeine; decaffeination; engineering; models; molecular weight; nanofiltration; temperature
Abstract:
... This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using novel nanofiltration (NF) membranes for decaffeination of coffee wherein caffeine present in the feed solution is recovered at the permeate of the membrane. The NF hollow fiber membranes were fabricated and tested with model solutions to evaluate the recovery of caffeine as functions of molecular weight/size of organic molecules, caffeine concen ...
beverages; caffeine; cocaine; drug abuse; obesity; questionnaires
Abstract:
... Delay discounting describes how the subjective value of a given commodity decreases as the delay to receiving that commodity increases. Decades of behavioral economic research have found that individuals suffering from a range of clinical conditions (e.g., drug addiction, obesity) tend to devalue delayed rewards more quickly than individuals without said clinical conditions and that such individua ...
... Some dietary supplements may contain cardiac stimulants and potential cardiotoxins. In vitro studies may identify ingredients of concern. A beating human cardiomyocyte cell line was used to evaluate cellular effects following phenylethylamine (PEA), higenamine, ephedrine or caffeine treatment. PEA and higenamine exposure levels simulated published blood levels in humans or animals after intravenou ...
... There is increasing demand for green technologies to produce high-solubility and low-toxicity compounds with potential application in the food industry. This study aimed to establish a clean, synthetic route for preparing the bitter-taste dipeptide Ala-Phe, a potential substitute for caffeine as a food additive. Synthesis of Z-Ala-Phe-OMe starting from Z-Ala-OH and HCl·Phe-OMe was catalysed by the ...
Jordan M. Joy; Ryan P. Lowery; Paul H. Falcone; Roxanne M. Vogel; Matt M. Mosman; Chih-Yin Tai; Laura R. Carson; Dylan Kimber; David Choate; Michael P. Kim; Jacob M. Wilson; Jordan R. Moon
... Pre-workout supplements (PWS) have become increasingly popular with recreational and competitive athletes. While many ingredients used in PWS have had their safety assessed, the interactions when combined are less understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the safety of 1 and 2 servings of a PWS. Forty-four males and females (24.4±4.6 years; 174.7±9.3 cm; 78.9±18.6 kg) from two laborator ...
... We herein describe a novel and label-free electrochemical system to detect theophylline. The system was constructed by immobilizing duplex DNA containing an abasic site opposite cytosine on the gold electrode surface. In the absence of theophylline in a sample, silver ions freely bind to the empty abasic site in the duplex DNA leading to the highly elevated electrochemical signal by the redox reac ...
Bikram Subedi; Neculai Codru; David M. Dziewulski; Lloyd R. Wilson; Jingchuan Xue; Sehun Yun; Ellen Braun-Howland; Christine Minihane; Kurunthachalam Kannan
Enterococcus; beta-adrenergic antagonists; biofilters; caffeine; detection limit; effluents; fabrics; households; lakes; mass flow; mass transfer; nutrient content; perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; perfluorooctanoic acid; personal care products; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; polychlorinated biphenyls; septic systems; surface water; surfactants; tap water; tracer techniques; wastewater; wastewater treatment; water pollution; New York
Abstract:
... On-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs or septic systems) are designed to treat and dispose effluents on the same property that produces the wastewater. Approximately 25% of the U.S. population is served by such facilities. Nevertheless, studies on the treatment efficiency and discharge of organic contaminants through septic effluents are lacking. This pilot study showed the occurrence of org ...
... A method is presented for measuring the lateral diffusion coefficients of exogenously applied compounds on excised skin. The method involves sequential high resolution imaging of the spatial distribution of β-radiation associated with [¹⁴C]-labeled compounds to monitor the development of the concentration profile on the skin surface. It is exemplified by measurements made on three radiolabeled tes ...
... Data on the relative importance and research status of commercially relevant African medicinal plants are needed for developing new research strategies in order to stimulate much-needed ethnopharmacological research and to promote the commercialization of African plants.To present an illustrated bird’s eye view and comparative analysis of the relative popularity and importance of commercialized Af ...
Susan Hall; Ben Desbrow; Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie; Andrew K. Davey; Devinder Arora; Catherine McDermott; Matthew M. Schubert; Anthony V. Perkins; Milton J. Kiefel; Gary D. Grant
... Coffee is a widely consumed beverage containing numerous biologically active constituents predominantly belonging to the polyphenol and alkaloid classes. It has been established that coffee has a beneficial effect on numerous disease states including depression. A number of prospective and retrospective cohort studies have assessed the effects of coffee consumption on the relative risk of developi ...
... Previous studies regarding the acute effects of coffee on glycaemic control have used a single large dose of coffee, typically containing the caffeine equivalent of 2–4 servings of coffee. This study investigates whether the acute effects of coffee are dose-dependent, starting with a single serving. A total of ten healthy overweight males participated in a two-part randomised double-blind cross-ov ...
black tea; body weight; caffeine; drying; flavanols; free amino acids; gamma-aminobutyric acid; mice; pentobarbital; polyphenols; sleep; sodium
Abstract:
... The aims of this study were to analyze the changes in quality components of gamma (γ)-aminobutyric acid (GABA) black tea during processing, and to investigate the effect of three dosages of GABA black tea on sleep improvement. The results showed that the GABA content was increased significantly up to 2.70 mg g⁻¹ after vacuum anaerobic and aerobic treatment. In addition, the content of GABA after d ...
... This study explores human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and human glioblastoma (U-1240 MG) cellular differentiation changes under exposure to acrylamide (ACR). Differentiation of SH-SY5Y and U-1240 MG cells were induced by retinoic acid (RA) and butyric acid (BA), respectively. Morphological observations and MTT assay showed that the induced cellular differentiation and cell proliferation were inhibited ...
Beatriz Lara; Diana Ruiz-Vicente; Francisco Areces; Javier Abián-Vicén; Juan José Salinero; Cristina Gonzalez-Millán; César Gallo-Salazar; Juan Del Coso
... This study investigated the effect of a caffeinated energy drink on various aspects of performance in sprint swimmers. In a randomised and counterbalanced order, fourteen male sprint swimmers performed two acute experimental trials after the ingestion of a caffeinated energy drink (3 mg/kg) or after the ingestion of the same energy drink without caffeine (0 mg/kg; placebo). After 60 min of ingesti ...
... BACKGROUND: Achieving fat-loss outcomes by ingesting multi-ingredient mixtures may be further enhanced during exercise. This study tested the acute thermogenic effectiveness of a commercially available multi-ingredient product (Shred-Matrix®), containing Green Tea Extract, Yerba Maté, Guarana Seed Extract, Anhydrous caffeine, Saw palmetto, Fo-Ti, Eleuthero root, Cayenne Pepper, and Yohimbine HCI, ...
... BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that coffee may affect the gut-brain axis with conflicting outcomes. Moreover, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether the type or temperature of coffee consumed will have a different impact on the gut-brain axis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute coffee consumption on the following: 1. self-reported GI symptoms and sali ...
Jordi Bonaventura; Gemma Navarro; Verònica Casadòó-Anguera; Karima Azdad; William Rea; Estefanòóía Moreno; Marc Brugarolas; Josefa Mallol; Enric I. Canela; Carme Lluòóíís; Antoni Cortòóííés; Nora D. Volkow; Serge N. Schiffmann; Sergi Ferròóííéé; Vicent Casadòóííééó
... Adenosine A ₂A receptor (A ₂AR)-dopamine D ₂ receptor (D ₂R) heteromers are key modulators of striatal neuronal function. It has been suggested that the psychostimulant effects of caffeine depend on its ability to block an allosteric modulation within the A ₂AR-D ₂R heteromer, by which adenosine decreases the affinity and intrinsic efficacy of dopamine at the D ₂R. We describe novel unsuspected al ...
... Caffeine is the probe drug of choice to assess the phenotype of the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP1A2. Typically, molar concentration ratios of paraxanthine, caffeine’s major metabolite, to its precursor are determined in plasma following administration of a caffeine test dose. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an LC–MS/MS method for the determination of caffeine and paraxanthine in ...
... Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) plays an important role in drug metabolism. Caffeine (CAF) is converted into paraxanthine (PX) by this enzyme and is used as a xenobiotic substrate to determine the CYP1A2 phenotype in humans. A method for the quantification of CAF and PX in saliva was developed using liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and analysis with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatogr ...
active ingredients; adulterated products; airports; caffeine; centrifugation; cocaine; drugs; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; levamisole; lidocaine; methanol; nitrogen; phosphorus; police; Brazil
Abstract:
... Here, gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC–NPD) method was developed and validated for the quantification of cocaine and adulterants (caffeine, 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine, levamisole, lidocaine and phenacetin) in illicit samples. The method was based on direct dilution of samples in methanol, sonication for 5min and centrifugation. After appropriate dilution, an aliquot was inj ...
Coffea; European Union; caffeine; coffee (beverage); gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; microextraction; monitoring; pesticide residues; pesticides; protocols; Italy
Abstract:
... The control of pesticide residues on raw coffee is a task of great importance due to high consumption of this beverage in Italy and in many other countries. High caffeine content can hamper extraction and measurement of any pesticide residue. A tandem extraction protocol has been devised by exploiting the quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe (QuEChERS) scheme for extraction, coupled to a dis ...
... In this study, a method was developed for the determination of various tea catechins in vegetable oils. Firstly, vegetable oils including tea seed oil, sunflower seed oil and soya bean oil were extracted by methanol/water (40:60, v/v), and then, a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of GA, caffeine, EGC, EGCG, EC, ECG, GC, GCG, C an ...
... The identification of ‘legal highs’ is challenging as they often do not match their label claim and contain a wide range of impurities and/or adulterants. In addition, there is a need for techniques to be on-site, rapid and non-destructive. The feasibility of using the in-built algorithms of handheld near-infrared (NIR), Raman and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform-infrared (ATR-FT-IR) ...
... Due to the specific sensory properties, a rich bioactive composition, attributed to different ingredients used for their production, as well as the absence of caffeine, coffee substitutes are becoming increasingly popular alternatives to usual coffee brews. The objective of this study was to determine the content of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of 10 coffee substitute brews with ...
... The present study examined the potential use of polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) for exposure assessment of munitions constituents, including 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX), and their breakdown products (aminodinitrotoluenes [ADNTs], diaminonitrotoluenes [DANTs], and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitroso‐1,3,5‐triazine [TNX]). Loss of munition ...
... Volatile changes and the post-fermentation ageing process of tea remain largely unknown. Additionally, the understanding of ageing and storage processes of tea mostly rely on sensory experience and lack the support of scientific and accurate data. In this paper, a method was developed based on head-space solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) combined with ...
... Ionic liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems (IL-based ABSs) offer a benign alternative process for conventional extraction systems with volatile organic solvents to separate biomass. Designing an IL-based ABS with excellent phase splitting ability, remarkable extraction efficiency, and good biocompatibility remains challenging. In this work, we report a series of novel ABSs using biocompatible ILs ...
... The antimicrobial activity of a regular and decaffeinated Arabica coffee extract was evaluated against three different Gram-positive bacteria and two Gram-negatives, including pathogenic Staphylococci strains. The antimicrobial activity was shown to be independent from caffeine content and was more pronounced against the Gram-positive strains. The regular coffee extract exhibited a significant bac ...
animal use alternatives; bioassays; caffeine; chlorogenic acid; cornea; cosmetics; epidermis (animal); face; histology; humans; hydroxymethylfurfural; in vitro studies; in vivo studies; ingredients; models; mucosa; prediction; raw materials; topical application
Abstract:
... Recent changes in regulatory requirements and social views on animal testing have incremented the development of reliable alternative tests for predicting skin and ocular irritation potential of products based on new raw materials. In this regard, botanical ingredients used in cosmetic products are among those materials, and should be carefully reviewed concerning the potential presence of irritan ...
... Nowadays, the presence of pharmaceutical products in aquatic environments is not only common, but is also of significant concern regarding the adverse effect they may produce to aquatic biota. In order to determine the adverse effects of caffeine (CAF), ibuprofen (IBU), carbamazepine (CBZ) and novobiocin (NOV), at environmental occurring concentrations, standardized endpoints applied in current gu ...
adults; caffeine; coffee (beverage); dietary exposure; markets; soft drinks; tea; toxicology; United States
Abstract:
... Recent reports on caffeine intakes in the United States have highlighted the importance of obtaining accurate and valid measures of caffeine exposure. The objective of this study is to compare two methods of assigning caffeine values to beverages: brand-specific values versus an aggregate single value representing a broader range of products within a beverage category (i.e., category-specific). Th ...
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; adults; caffeine; carbonated beverages; high performance liquid chromatography; markets; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... An improved method for the analysis of caffeine in foods by HPLC was validated by measuring several analytical parameters. The caffeine contents of 1202 products available from Korean markets were analysed. A consumption study was conducted by using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2010–12, to estimate the caffeine intakes of the Korean population. Th ...
Danio rerio; ammonia; bioassays; caffeine; chemical analysis; correlation; deet; drugs; fish; heart rate; larvae; national parks; nitrites; personal care products; sewage; surface water; survival rate; swimming; tourists; toxicity; Taiwan
Abstract:
... Millions of tourists visit Kenting National Park (KNP) in southern Taiwan every year, causing great amount of sewage discharges in this area. This study aimed to assess the impact of sewage on KNP surface waters using zebrafish embryo-larval bioassays combined with chemical analyses of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Surface water samples were collected monthly from May to Octo ...
acetaminophen; active ingredients; boron; caffeine; cholesterol; coprostanol; data collection; detergents; drainage water; feces; human health; humans; ibuprofen; indicator species; land use; methylene blue; phthalates; residential areas; saccharin; sewage; sucralose; surface water; tracer techniques; wastewater; water pollution; water quality; watersheds
Abstract:
... Surface water contamination by human faecal wastes is a widespread hazard for human health. Faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are the most widely used indicators to assess surface water quality but are less-human-specific and have the potential to survive longer and/or occur naturally in tropical areas. In this study, 13 wastewater chemicals (chloride, boron, orthosphophate, detergents as methylene ...
... Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are two types of microbial bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) that use microorganisms to convert chemical energy in wastewaters into useful energy products such as (bio)electricity (MFC) or hydrogen gas (MEC). These two systems were evaluated for their capacity to attenuate trace organic compounds (TOrCs), commonly found in municip ...
... The fish embryo toxicity (FET) biotest has gained popularity as one of the alternative approaches to acute fish toxicity tests in chemical hazard and risk assessment. Despite the importance and common acceptance of FET, it is still performed in multiwell plates and requires laborious and time-consuming manual manipulation of specimens and solutions. This work describes the design and validation of ...
... Flavor plays an important role in consumer satisfaction and influences further consumption of foods. Robusta coffee is rich in caffeine and phenolics and is undesirable for coffee connoisseurs compared to arabica coffee. The exogenous polyphenol oxidase (4,000 U/ml) was extracted from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus florida otherwise referred as the oyster mushroom. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) w ...
... Ventilatory disturbance is a fatal side-effect of opioid analgesics. Separation of analgesia from ventilatory depression is important for therapeutic use of opioids. It has been suggested that opioid-induced ventilatory depression results from a decrease in adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate content in the respiratory-related neurons. Therefore, we examined the effects of caffeine, a methylxanth ...
... Solvation thermodynamics-based models for predicting liquid-phase nonidealities and fluid-phase equilibria are gaining attention in modern chemical process and product development. Among this class of thermodynamic models, COSMO-RS and COSMO-SAC are two variants used extensively in industry. A key input to these models is the so-called sigma profile, i.e., a histogram of charge density distributio ...
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Whites; adolescents; adverse effects; caffeine; children; dietary nutrient sources; energy drinks; guidelines; monitoring; national surveys; sociodemographic characteristics; tea; youth; United States
Abstract:
... There is increasing concern about potential adverse effects of caffeine in children. Our understanding of caffeine intake relies on studies dating to the late 1990s. This article synthesizes information from national studies since then to describe caffeine consumption, its association with sociodemographic factors, key dietary sources including caffeine-containing energy drinks (CCEDs), and trends ...
Manuella P. Kaster; Nuno J. Machado; Henrique B. Silva; Ana Nunes; Ana Paula Ardais; Magda Santana; Younis Baqi; Christa E. Müller; Ana Lúcia S. Rodrigues; Lisiane O. Porciúncula; Jiang Fan Chen; ́Ângelo R. Tomé; Paula Agostinho; Paula M. Canas; Rodrigo A. Cunha
... The consumption of caffeine (an adenosine receptor antagonist) correlates inversely with depression and memory deterioration, and adenosine A ₂A receptor (A ₂AR) antagonists emerge as candidate therapeutic targets because they control aberrant synaptic plasticity and afford neuroprotection. Therefore we tested the ability of A ₂AR to control the behavioral, electrophysiological, and neurochemical ...
adenosine diphosphate; adenosine triphosphate; alanine transaminase; aspartate transaminase; body weight; caffeine; cyclic AMP; energy; fatty liver; high energy diet; human cell lines; lipid metabolism; lipids; liver; mice; phosphorylation; small interfering RNA; staining
Abstract:
... The beneficial effect of caffeine-containing food on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been widely reported. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of caffeine on hepatic steatosis. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to a normal diet or a high energy diet (HED). Caffeine was given to HED mice by oral gavage. Body weights, lipids in the liver and liver damage were measured. Me ...
breakfast cereals; caffeine; chocolate; coffee beans; energy drinks; high performance liquid chromatography; ice cream; instant coffee; markets; milk; powders
Abstract:
... Caffeine content of 377 food samples obtained from the Hungarian market was measured by a validated HPLC technique. The highest caffeine levels were observed in different instant coffees (3954±2355 mg/100 g) and ground coffee beans (1634±389 mg/100 g). Significant amount of caffeine could be detected in energy drinks (119 mg in 100 ml at the highest end). The caffeine content of different coffee d ...
... Sugars and salts strongly affect the dimerization of caffeine in water. Such a change of dimerization, considered to be crucial for bitter taste suppression, has long been rationalized by the change of “water structure” induced by the additives; “kosmotropic” (water structure enhancing) salts and sugars promote dimerization, whereas “chaotropic” (water structure breaking) salts suppress dimerizati ...
ad libitum feeding; caffeine; flavor; food additives; food records; hedonic scales; high energy foods; obesity; randomized clinical trials; sugar sweetened beverages
Abstract:
... Excessive sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption has been associated with overweight and obesity. Caffeine is a common additive to SSB, and through dependence effects, it has the potential to promote the consumption of caffeine-containing foods. The objective of the present study was to assess the influence that caffeine has on the consumption of SSB. Participants (n 99) were blindly assigned ...
... The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of caffeine ingestion on elite judo players’ mood states, simple reaction time, and muscle power during the Wingate test in the afternoon. Ten elite judo players (age: 21.08 ± 1.16 years, body mass: 83.75 ± 20.2 kg, height: 1.76 ± 0.07 m) took part in this study. The performance variables were measured during two test sessions scheduled a ...
... Hepatitis C is considered the major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Conventional treatment is not effective against some hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes; therefore, new treatments are needed. Coffee and, more recently, caffeine, have been found to have a beneficial effect in several disorders of the liver, including those manifesting abnormal liver biochemistry, cirrhosis and he ...