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1. Chlorinated pollutants in blood of White stork nestlings (Ciconia ciconia) in different colonies in Spain

Author:
de la Casa-Resino, Irene; Hernández-Moreno, David; Castellano, Antonio; Pérez-López, Marcos; Soler, Francisco
Source:
Chemosphere 2015 v.118 pp. 367-372
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
Ciconia ciconia; DDE (pesticide); aldrin; blood; blood sampling; breadings; breeding; crops; detection limit; eggs; endosulfan; environmental factors; humans; landfills; nestlings; pollutants; polychlorinated biphenyls; wild birds; Africa; Spain
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of persistent chlorinated pollutants (POPs) in wild birds. The concentrations of multiple POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in plasma of White stork nestlings. Blood samples were collected from three breeding colonies located in the West of Spain that were exposed to different en ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.062

2. Scorpion venom components as potential candidates for drug development

Author:
Ortiz, Ernesto; Gurrola, Georgina B.; Schwartz, Elisabeth Ferroni; Possani, Lourival D.
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.93 pp. 125-135
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
Scorpiones; antibiotics; antineoplastic agents; bites and stings; death; humans; neurotoxins; toxicity; traditional medicine; venoms; Africa; Asia
Abstract:
... Scorpions are well known for their dangerous stings that can result in severe consequences for human beings, including death. Neurotoxins present in their venoms are responsible for their toxicity. Due to their medical relevance, toxins have been the driving force in the scorpion natural compounds research field. On the other hand, for thousands of years, scorpions and their venoms have been appli ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.11.233
PubMed:
25432067
PubMed Central:
PMC7130864

3. The alien flora of Brazilian Caatinga: deliberate introductions expand the contingent of potential invaders

Author:
Almeida, Walkiria R.; Lopes, Ariadna V.; Tabarelli, Marcelo; Leal, Inara R.
Source:
Biological invasions 2015 v.17 no.1 pp. 51-56
ISSN:
1387-3547
Subject:
Fabaceae; Poaceae; economics; ecosystems; flora; forage; grazing; herbaria; humans; introduced plants; livestock; surveys; taxonomy; vegetation; Africa
Abstract:
... Alien floras have been examined at regional and continental scales, but the connections between the cause of introduction and the nature and invasiveness of alien floras remain poorly explored. This is despite the fact that initial introduction determines the alien species pool from which the invasion proceeds. Here we examine the profile of the alien flora of the Brazilian Caatinga, a semi-arid t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10530-014-0738-6

4. Tree line dynamics in the tropical African highlands – identifying drivers and dynamics

Author:
Jacob, Miro; Annys, Sofie; Frankl, Amaury; De Ridder, Maaike; Beeckman, Hans; Guyassa, Etefa; Nyssen, Jan; Collins, Beverly
Source:
Journal of vegetation science 2015 v.26 no.1 pp. 9-20
ISSN:
1100-9233
Subject:
altitude; carbon; climate change; climatic factors; deforestation; drought; ecosystem services; ecosystems; forests; herding; highlands; humans; livestock; mountains; temperature; treeline; volcanic activity; Africa
Abstract:
... QUESTIONS: What are the potential drivers of tree line change in the tropical African highlands? Are the temperature‐sensitive tree lines in these highlands shifting as a result of climate change? SIGNIFICANCE: The high‐altitude forests provide important ecosystem services for the vulnerable environment of the tropical highlands. Climate change is expected to have pronounced effects on the tree li ...
DOI:
10.1111/jvs.12215

5. Worldwide ant invasions under climate change

Author:
Bertelsmeier, Cleo; Luque, Gloria M.; Hoffmann, Benjamin D.; Courchamp, Franck
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2015 v.24 no.1 pp. 117-128
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
Formicidae; biodiversity; climate change; economic costs; ecosystems; extinction; health hazards; humans; infrastructure; invasive species; islands; subtropics; Africa; Asia; South America
Abstract:
... Many ants are among the most globally significant invasive species. They have caused the local decline and extinction of a variety of taxa ranging from plants to mammals. They disturb ecosystem processes, decrease agricultural production, damage infrastructure and can be a health hazard for humans. Overall, economic costs caused by invasive ants amount to several billion US $ annually. There is ge ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-014-0794-3

6. Foreword: Books about edible insects in different languages

Author:
Yen, A.L.
Source:
Journal of insects as food and feed 2015 v.1 no.2 pp. 85-86
ISSN:
2352-4588
Subject:
edible insects; entomophagy; humans; languages; Africa; Asia; Latin America; South America
Abstract:
... The estimated two billion people in the world who eat insects live in Africa, Asia, Central and South America where English is not the first language. The languages spoken in these regions can be the pre-literate traditional languages of the original peoples or an adopted language from former colonial times (predominantly English or French in Africa and Asia, or Portuguese or Spanish in Latin Amer ...
DOI:
10.3920/JIFF2015.x003

7. Towards an automated acoustic detection system for free-ranging elephants

Author:
Zeppelzauer, Matthias; Hensman, Sean; Stoeger, Angela S.
Source:
Bioacoustics 2015 v.24 no.1 pp. 13-29
ISSN:
2165-0586
Subject:
Elephantidae; automation; bioacoustics; data collection; detection; early warning systems; humans; paper; scientists; sounds; vocalization; wildlife; Africa; Asia
Abstract:
... The human–elephant conflict is one of the most serious conservation problems in Asia and Africa today. The involuntary confrontation of humans and elephants claims the lives of many animals and humans every year. A promising approach to alleviate this conflict is the development of an acoustic early warning system. Such a system requires the robust automated detection of elephant vocalizations und ...
DOI:
10.1080/09524622.2014.906321
PubMed:
25983398
PubMed Central:
PMC4430816

8. Complex epidemiology and zoonotic potential for Cryptosporidium suis in rural Madagascar

Author:
Bodager, Jonathan R.; Parsons, Michele B.; Wright, Patricia C.; Rasambainarivo, Fidisoa; Roellig, Dawn; Xiao, Lihua; Gillespie, Thomas R.
Source:
Veterinary parasitology 2015 v.207 no.1-2 pp. 140-143
ISSN:
0304-4017
Subject:
Cryptosporidium andersoni; Cryptosporidium parvum; Cryptosporidium suis; Human immunodeficiency virus; cattle; children; developing countries; diarrhea; ecology; epidemiology; genotype; genotyping; humans; livestock production; mixed infection; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; restriction fragment length polymorphism; rodents; swine; tropics; wildlife; zoonoses; Africa; Madagascar
Abstract:
... Cryptosporidium spp. is the most important parasitic diarrheal agent in the world, is among the top four causes of moderate-to-severe diarrheal disease in young children in developing nations, and is problematic as an opportunistic co-infection with HIV. In addition, Cryptosporidium is a persistent challenge for livestock production. Despite its zoonotic potential, few studies have examined the ec ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.11.013

9. Cytotoxic effects of stem bark extracts and pure compounds from Margaritaria discoidea on human ovarian cancer cell lines

Author:
Johnson-Ajinwo, Okiemute Rosa; Richardson, Alan; Li, Wen-Wu
Source:
Phytomedicine 2015 v.22 pp. 1-4
ISSN:
0944-7113
Subject:
Euphorbiaceae; alkaloids; animal ovaries; bark; bioactive compounds; butanol; cell proliferation; cytotoxicity; ethyl acetate; fractionation; gallic acid; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; hexane; humans; inhibitory concentration 50; maceration; medicinal plants; neoplasm cells; ovarian neoplasms; plant development; plant extracts; plant ovary; Africa
Abstract:
... Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G. L. Webster (Euphorbiaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant in Africa used for the treatment of various diseases. So far, no cytotoxic effects of plant extracts on cancer cell lines have been reported.To evaluate the cytotoxicity against human ovarian cancer cells of extracts of M. discoidea and characterize the major bioactive compounds.Both organic and aqueous e ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.phymed.2014.09.008

10. Inferring population structure and demographic history using Y-STR data from worldwide populations

Author:
Xu, Hongyang; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Shrestha, Rukesh; Wang, Ling-Xiang; Zhang, Manfei; He, Yungang; Kidd, Judith R.; Kidd, Kenneth K.; Jin, Li; Li, Hui
Source:
Molecular genetics and genomics 2015 v.290 no.1 pp. 141-150
ISSN:
1617-4615
Subject:
Y chromosome; ancestry; data collection; genetic distance; genetic variation; humans; males; microsatellite repeats; models; population size; population structure; Africa
Abstract:
... The Y chromosome is one of the best genetic materials to explore the evolutionary history of human populations. Global analyses of Y chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) data can reveal very interesting world population structures and histories. However, previous Y-STR works tended to focus on small geographical ranges or only included limited sample sizes. In this study, we have investigated p ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00438-014-0903-8
PubMed:
25159112

11. Continued implication of the banned pesticides carbofuran and aldicarb in the poisoning of domestic and wild animals of the Canary Islands (Spain)

Author:
Ruiz-Suárez, Norberto; Boada, Luis D.; Henríquez-Hernández, Luis A.; González-Moreo, Federico; Suárez-Pérez, Alejandro; Camacho, María; Zumbado, Manuel; Almeida-González, Maira; del Mar Travieso-Aja, María; Luzardo, Octavio P.
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2015 v.505 pp. 1093-1099
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
European Union; aldicarb; baits; brodifacoum; bromadiolone; carbofuran; crime; domestic animals; education programs; endangered species; humans; islands; markets; poisoning; rural areas; wild animals; wildlife; Africa; Canary Islands; Spain
Abstract:
... Although nowadays the intentional poisoning of domestic and wild animals is a crime in EU, in the past the poison was used in rural areas of a number of European countries to kill animals that were considered harmful for human activities. In Spain evidences indicate that intentional poisonings continue to occur throughout the entire country nowadays. This situation seems to be of particular concer ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.093

12. A comparison of worldwide phonemic and genetic variation in human populations

Author:
Creanza, Nicole; Ruhlen, Merritt; Pemberton, Trevor J.; Rosenberg, Noah A.; Feldman, Marcus W.; Ramachandran, Sohini
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 v.112 no.5 pp. 1265-1272
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
data collection; evolution; genetic variation; genotyping; human population; humans; inventories; Africa
Abstract:
... Worldwide patterns of genetic variation are driven by human demographic history. Here, we test whether this demographic history has left similar signatures on phonemes—sound units that distinguish meaning between words in languages—to those it has left on genes. We analyze, jointly and in parallel, phoneme inventories from 2,082 worldwide languages and microsatellite polymorphisms from 246 worldwi ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1424033112
PubMed:
25605893
PubMed Central:
PMC4321277

13. Trend of different molecular markers in the last decades for studying human migrations

Author:
Kundu, Sharbadeb; Ghosh, Sankar Kumar
Source:
Gene 2015 v.556 pp. 81-90
ISSN:
0378-1119
Subject:
Y chromosome; coasts; fossils; genetic markers; human population; humans; immigration; mitochondrial DNA; natural selection; Africa; Australia; Europe; Indonesia; Middle East; North America; South Asia; Sri Lanka
Abstract:
... Anatomically modern humans are known to have widely migrated throughout history. Different scientific evidences suggest that the entire human population descended from just several thousand African migrants. About 85,000years ago, the first wave of human migration was out of Africa, that followed the coasts through the Middle East, into Southern Asia via Sri Lanka, and in due course around Indones ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.023

14. Host association drives genetic divergence in the bed bug, Cimex lectularius

Author:
Booth, Warren; Balvín, Ondřej; Vargo, Edward L.; Vilímová, Jitka; Schal, Coby
Source:
Molecular ecology 2015 v.24 no.5 pp. 980-992
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Chiroptera; Cimex lectularius; alternative hosts; animal parasites and pests; gene flow; genes; genetic variation; host range; host specificity; humans; inbreeding; insects; microsatellite repeats; mitochondrial DNA; mortality; pest control; sympatry; Africa; Eurasia; Europe
Abstract:
... Genetic differentiation may exist among sympatric populations of a species due to long‐term associations with alternative hosts (i.e. host‐associated differentiation). While host‐associated differentiation has been documented in several phytophagus insects, there are far fewer cases known in animal parasites. The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, a wingless insect, represents a potential model organism ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.13086
CHORUS:
10.1111/mec.13086

15. Characteristics and phylogeny of Bacillus cereus strains isolated from Maari, a traditional West African food condiment

Author:
Thorsen, Line; Kando, Christine Kere; Sawadogo, Hagrétou; Larsen, Nadja; Diawara, Bréhima; Ouédraogo, Georges Anicet; Hendriksen, Niels Bohse; Jespersen, Lene
Source:
International journal of food microbiology 2015 v.196 pp. 70-78
ISSN:
0168-1605
Subject:
Adansonia digitata; Bacillus cereus; Escherichia coli; HACCP; biosynthesis; condiments; cooking; cytotoxicity; fermentation; fermented foods; humans; mash; multigene family; pathogenicity; pathogens; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; raw materials; seeds; sequence analysis; solar drying; starter cultures; steam; Africa
Abstract:
... Maari is a spontaneously fermented food condiment made from baobab tree seeds in West African countries. This type of product is considered to be safe, being consumed by millions of people on a daily basis. However, due to the spontaneous nature of the fermentation the human pathogen Bacillus cereus occasionally occurs in Maari. This study characterizes succession patterns and pathogenic potential ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.11.026

16. Evidence for recent, population-specific evolution of the human mutation rate

Author:
Harris, Kelley
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 v.112 no.11 pp. 3439-3444
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Europeans; evolution; genetic variation; humans; mutation; sequence analysis; ultraviolet radiation; Africa; Asia; Europe
Abstract:
... As humans dispersed out of Africa they adapted to new environmental challenges, including changes in exposure to mutagenic solar radiation. Humans in temperate latitudes have acquired light skin that is relatively transparent to UV light, and some evidence suggests that their DNA damage response pathways have also experienced local adaptation. This raises the possibility that different populations ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1418652112
PubMed:
25733855
PubMed Central:
PMC4371947

17. Development of vaccines against Ornithodoros soft ticks: An update

Author:
Díaz-Martín, Verónica; Manzano-Román, Raúl; Obolo-Mvoulouga, Prosper; Oleaga, Ana; Pérez-Sánchez, Ricardo
Source:
Ticks and tick-borne diseases 2015 v.6 no.3 pp. 211-220
ISSN:
1877-959X
Subject:
African swine fever; Ornithodoros erraticus; acaricides; antigens; control methods; disease control; fever; humans; livestock; pathogens; pets; synanthropes; tick control; ticks; vaccine development; vaccines; Africa; Eastern European region; Portugal; Russia; Spain
Abstract:
... Ticks are parasites of great medical and veterinary importance since they are vectors of numerous pathogens that affect humans, livestock and pets. Among the argasids, several species of the genus Ornithodoros transmit serious diseases such as tick-borne human relapsing fever (TBRF) and African Swine Fever (ASF). In particular, Ornithodoros erraticus is the main vector of these two diseases in the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.03.006

18. Distribution of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in the endemic area of Guilan, Iran: Relationships between zonal overlap and phenotypic traits

Author:
Ashrafi, Keyhan; Valero, M. Adela; Peixoto, Raquel V.; Artigas, Patricio; Panova, Miroslava; Mas-Coma, Santiago
Source:
Infection, genetics, and evolution 2015 v.31 pp. 95-109
ISSN:
1567-1348
Subject:
Fasciola hepatica; adults; altitude; buffaloes; cattle; coastal plains; coasts; control methods; emerging diseases; fascioliasis; goats; hosts; humans; liver; liver flukes; morphometry; phenotype; sea level; sheep; zoonoses; Africa; Caspian Sea; Iran
Abstract:
... Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease emerging in numerous parts of the world. In any endemic area, the characterisation of scenarios and patterns of infection must always be considered the starting point before implementing any control measure. Fascioliasis is a parasitic disease of different epidemiological, pathological and control characteristics depending on the endemic area and the causal agent ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.009

19. Human food safety and environmental hazards associated with the use of methyltestosterone and other steroids in production of all-male tilapia

Author:
Mlalila, Nichrous; Mahika, Charles; Kalombo, Lonji; Swai, Hulda; Hilonga, Askwar
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research international 2015 v.22 no.7 pp. 4922-4931
ISSN:
0944-1344
Subject:
Oreochromis niloticus; energy; environmental hazards; fish; fish culture; food safety; guidelines; human health; humans; industry; medicine; methyltestosterone; reproduction; sex reversal; Africa
Abstract:
... In recent years, all-male cultures of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) have been the most preferred mode of production in aquaculture industry. All-male individuals achieve higher somatic growth rate and shut high energy losses associated with gonadal development and reproduction. The economic advantages of culturing all-male tilapia have led to the development of procedures for producing unis ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11356-015-4133-3

20. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and virulence of Enterococcus spp. in Egyptian fresh raw milk cheese

Author:
Hammad, Ahmed M.; Hassan, Hamdy A.; Shimamoto, Tadashi
Source:
Food control 2015 v.50 pp. 815-820
ISSN:
0956-7135
Subject:
Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; antibiotic resistance; cheese milk; cheeses; digestive tract; ecology; genes; health hazards; humans; linezolid; phenotype; public health; raw milk; vancomycin; virulence; Africa
Abstract:
... Little is known about the influx of multidrug and/or virulent enterococcal strains from fresh raw milk cheese to the human digestive tract. In this study, 100 samples of popular Egyptian raw milk cheese, karish cheese, were analyzed to determine the incidence of Enterococcus spp., especially Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. We recovered 120 enterococcal isolates from 90 (90%, 90/100 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.020