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1. Protecting the environment through insect farming as a means to produce protein for use as livestock, poultry, and aquaculture feed

Author:
Tomberlin, J.K.; van Huis, A.; Benbow, M.E.; Jordan, H.; Astuti, D.A.; Azzollini, D.; Banks, I.; Bava, V.; Borgemeister, C.; Cammack, J.A.; Chapkin, R.S.; Čičková, H.; Crippen, T.L.; Day, A.; Dicke, M.; Drew, D.J.W.; Emhart, C.; Epstein, M.; Finke, M.; Fischer, C.H.; Gatlin, D.; Grabowski, N.Th.; He, C.; Heckman, L.; Hubert, A.; Jacobs, J.; Josephs, J.; Khanal, S.K.; Kleinfinger, J.-F.; Klein, G.; Leach, C.; Liu, Y.; Newton, G.L.; Olivier, R.; Pechal, J.L.; Picard, C.J.; Rojo, S.; Roncarati, A.; Sheppard, C.; Tarone, A.M.; Verstappen, B.; Vickerson, A.; Yang, H.; Yen, A.L.; Yu, Z.; Zhang, J.; Zheng, L.
Source:
Journal of insects as food and feed 2015 v.1 no.4 pp. 307-309
ISSN:
2352-4588
Subject:
Hermetia illucens; aquaculture feeds; aquaculture industry; entrepreneurship; humans; insect rearing; models; pets; poultry; protein products; universities; Africa; Asia; Australia; Europe; South America
Abstract:
... Securing protein for the approximate 10 billion humans expected to inhabit our planet by 2050 is a major priority for the global community. Evidence has accrued over the past 30 years that strongly supports and justifies the sustainable use of insects as a means to produce protein products as feed for pets, livestock, poultry, and aquacultured species. Researchers and entrepreneurs affiliated with ...
DOI:
10.3920/JIFF2015.0098

2. Biodiversity conservation: The key is reducing meat consumption

Author:
Machovina, Brian; Feeley, Kenneth J.; Ripple, William J.
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2015 v.536 pp. 419-431
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
agricultural land; animal-based foods; aquaculture; biodiversity; bushmeat; cattle; climate change; diet-related diseases; energy; feedstocks; fossil fuels; goats; habitat destruction; herbivores; human health; human population; humans; livestock production; meat consumption; nutrients; people; plant-based foods; pollution; poultry; predators; protein sources; sheep; soil; swine; terrestrial ecosystems; Africa; China
Abstract:
... The consumption of animal-sourced food products by humans is one of the most powerful negative forces affecting the conservation of terrestrial ecosystems and biological diversity. Livestock production is the single largest driver of habitat loss, and both livestock and feedstock production are increasing in developing tropical countries where the majority of biological diversity resides. Bushmeat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.022

3. Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems

Author:
Caron, Alexandre; Cappelle, Julien; Cumming, Graeme S; de Garine-Wichatitsky, Michel; Gaidet, Nicolas
Source:
Veterinary research 2015 v.46 no.1 pp. 83
ISSN:
1297-9716
Subject:
Influenza A virus; direct contact; emerging diseases; epidemiology; habitats; hosts; humans; pathogens; people; poultry; wild birds; wildlife; Africa
Abstract:
... In ecology, the grouping of species into functional groups has played a valuable role in simplifying ecological complexity. In epidemiology, further clarifications of epidemiological functions are needed: while host roles may be defined, they are often used loosely, partly because of a lack of clarity on the relationships between a host’s function and its epidemiological role. Here we focus on the ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13567-015-0217-9
PubMed:
26198845
PubMed Central:
PMC4509689

4. Genomic legacy of the African cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus

Author:
Dobrynin, Pavel; Liu, Shiping; Tamazian, Gaik; Xiong, Zijun; Yurchenko, Andrey A.; Krasheninnikova, Ksenia; Kliver, Sergey; Schmidt-Küntzel, Anne; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Johnson, Warren; Kuderna, Lukas F.K.; García-Pérez, Raquel; Manuel, Marc de; Godinez, Ricardo; Komissarov, Aleksey; Makunin, Alexey; Brukhin, Vladimir; Qiu, Weilin; Zhou, Long; Li, Fang; Yi, Jian; Driscoll, Carlos; Antunes, Agostinho; Oleksyk, Taras K.; Eizirik, Eduardo; Perelman, Polina; Roelke, Melody; Wildt, David; Diekhans, Mark; Marques-Bonet, Tomas; Marker, Laurie; Bhak, Jong; Wang, Jun; Zhang, Guojie; O’Brien, Stephen J.
Source:
Genome biology 2015 v.16 no.1 pp. 277
ISSN:
1474-760X
Subject:
Acinonyx jubatus; Gorilla; amino acids; cats; dogs; functional diversity; gene deletion; genes; graft rejection; homozygosity; humans; mitochondrial DNA; models; natural history; nucleotide sequences; population dynamics; spermatozoa; variance; Africa; Eurasia; North America; South America
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Patterns of genetic and genomic variance are informative in inferring population history for human, model species and endangered populations. RESULTS: Here the genome sequence of wild-born African cheetahs reveals extreme genomic depletion in SNV incidence, SNV density, SNVs of coding genes, MHC class I and II genes, and mitochondrial DNA SNVs. Cheetah genomes are on average 95 % homoz ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13059-015-0837-4
PubMed:
26653294
PubMed Central:
PMC4676127

5. High prevalence of trypanosomes in European badgers detected using ITS-PCR

Author:
Ideozu, Eze J.; Whiteoak, Andrew M.; Tomlinson, Alexandra J.; Robertson, Andrew; Delahay, Richard J.; Hide, Geoff
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2015 v.8 no.1 pp. 480
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
DNA; Meles meles; Trypanosoma; badgers; blood sampling; domestic animals; genes; hosts; humans; internal transcribed spacers; loci; mixed infection; pathogens; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal RNA; wildlife; Africa; England
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Wildlife can be important sources and reservoirs for pathogens. Trypanosome infections are common in many mammalian species, and are pathogenic in some. Molecular detection tools were used to measure trypanosome prevalence in a well-studied population of wild European badgers (Meles meles). FINDINGS: A nested ITS-PCR system, that targeted the ribosomal RNA gene locus, has been widely u ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-015-1088-7
PubMed:
26396074
PubMed Central:
PMC4580359

6. New insights into the genetic diversity of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobiumin Yemen

Author:
Sady, Hany; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.; Webster, Bonnie L.; Ngui, Romano; Atroosh, Wahib M.; Al-Delaimy, Ahmed K.; Nasr, Nabil A.; Chua, Kek Heng; Lim, Yvonne A. L.; Surin, Johari
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2015 v.8 no.1 pp. 544
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
DNA barcoding; Schistosoma mansoni; children; cross-sectional studies; eggs; feces; genes; genetic variation; haplotypes; humans; mitochondria; monitoring; parasites; phylogeography; rural communities; schistosomiasis mansoni; urine; Africa; Indian Ocean Islands; Yemen
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Human schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease of great importance that remains highly prevalent in Yemen, especially amongst rural communities. In order to investigate the genetic diversity of human Schistosoma species, a DNA barcoding study was conducted on S. mansoni and S. haematobium in Yemen. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect urine and faecal sample ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-015-1168-8
PubMed:
26482435
PubMed Central:
PMC4617239

7. Onchocerca takaokai n. sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Japanese wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax): Description and molecular identification of intradermal females

Author:
Uni, Shigehiko; Fukuda, Masako; Agatsuma, Takeshi; Bain, Odile; Otsuka, Yasushi; Nakatani, Jun; Matsubayashi, Makoto; Harada, Masashi; Omar, Hasmahzaiti; Ramli, Rosli; Hashim, Rosli; Azirun, Mohd Sofian; Takaoka, Hiroyuki
Source:
Parasitology international 2015 v.64 no.6 pp. 493-502
ISSN:
1383-5769
Subject:
Onchocerca; Phacochoerus aethiopicus; Simulium; Sus scrofa; adults; cytochrome-c oxidase; females; genes; humans; microfilariae; morphometry; new species; onchocerciasis; ribosomal RNA; wild boars; Africa; Japan
Abstract:
... Human zoonotic onchocercosis is caused by Onchocerca dewittei japonica, parasitic in wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) in Japan. Previously, microfilariae longer than those of Onchocerca dewittei japonica were observed in skin snips from wild boars during the study of O. dewittei japonica. Moreover, the third-stage larvae (L3) of these longer microfilariae were obtained from the blackfly Simuliu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.parint.2015.07.001

8. Population expansion and gene flow in Giardia duodenalis as revealed by triosephosphate isomerase gene

Author:
Choy, Seow Huey; Mahdy, Mohammed A. K.; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.; Low, Van Lun; Surin, Johari
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2015 v.8 no.1 pp. 454
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
DNA; Giardia lamblia; gene flow; genes; genetic variation; haplotypes; humans; loci; parasites; population growth; triose-phosphate isomerase; Africa; Asia; Australia; Europe; North America; South America
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite that can cause significant diarrhoeal diseases. Knowledge of population genetics is a prerequisite for ascertaining the invasion patterns of this parasite. In order to infer evolutionary patterns that could not be uncovered based on the morphological features, a population genetic study with the incorporation of molecular marker was carried ou ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-015-1084-y
PubMed:
26373536
PubMed Central:
PMC4572684

9. Spatio-temporal prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Madagascar based on meat inspection

Author:
Porphyre, Vincent; Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo, Harentsoaniaina; Rakotoarimanana, Andriatsilavina; Rasamoelina, Ony; Bernard, Claire; Jambou, Ronan; Cardinale, Eric
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2015 v.8 no.1 pp. 391
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Taenia solium; cysticercosis; humans; indigenous species; introduced species; meat inspection; monitoring; pig carcasses; pork; risk; slaughterhouses; swine; wet season; Africa; Madagascar
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Taenia solium cysticercosis is a parasitic meat-borne disease that is highly prevalent in pigs and humans in Africa, but the burden is vastly underestimated due to the lack of official control along the pork commodity chain, which hampers long-term control policies. METHODS: The apparent and corrected prevalences of T. solium cysticercosis were investigated in pork carcasses slaughtere ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-015-0975-2
PubMed:
26204952
PubMed Central:
PMC4513394

10. Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis and the co-distribution with schistosomiasis in Africa

Author:
Braae, Uffe Christian; Saarnak, Christopher F. L.; Mukaratirwa, Samson; Devleesschauwer, Brecht; Magnussen, Pascal; Johansen, Maria Vang
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2015 v.8 no.1 pp. 323
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Taenia solium; adverse effects; cysticercosis; drugs; georeferencing; humans; parasites; resource allocation; schistosomiasis; swine; Africa
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: This study aimed to map the distribution of Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis and the co-distribution with schistosomiasis in Africa. These two major neglected tropical diseases are presumed to be widely distributed in Africa, but currently the level of co-distribution is unclear. METHODS: A literature search on T. solium taeniosis/cysticercosis was performed to compile all known s ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-015-0938-7
PubMed:
26065414
PubMed Central:
PMC4465723

11. The distribution of Blastocystis subtypes in isolates from Qatar

Author:
Abu-Madi, Marawan; Aly, Mahmoud; Behnke, Jerzy M.; Clark, C. Graham; Balkhy, Hanan
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2015 v.8 no.1 pp. 465
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Blastocystis; age structure; feces; genes; geographical distribution; humans; microscopy; parasites; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal RNA; screening; Africa; East Asia; Qatar
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Blastocystis is a common single-celled intestinal parasite of humans and other animals comprising at least 17 genetically distinct small subunit ribosomal RNA lineages (subtypes (STs)), nine of which have been found in humans. The geographic distribution of Blastocystis subtypes is variable, but the subtypes present in Qatar are at present unknown. METHODS: Stool samples were collected ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-015-1071-3
PubMed:
26384209
PubMed Central:
PMC4573284

12. Trends in management of the world’s forests and impacts on carbon stocks

Author:
Birdsey, Richard; Pan, Yude
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2015 v.355 pp. 83-90
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
biodiversity; biofuels; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; climate change; emissions; forests; habitat fragmentation; harvesting; humans; land use change; nontimber forest products; social services; soil water; timber production; wood; Africa; South America
Abstract:
... Global forests are increasingly affected by land-use change, fragmentation, changing management objectives, and degradation. In this paper we broadly characterize trends in global forest area by intensity of management, and provide an overview of changes in global carbon stocks associated with managed forests. We discuss different interpretations of “management” and highlight some important accoun ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2015.04.031

13. Implications of spatial genetic patterns for conserving African leopards

Author:
Ropiquet, Anne; Knight, Andrew T.; Born, Céline; Martins, Quinton; Balme, Guy; Kirkendall, Lawrence; Hunter, Luke; Senekal, Charl; Matthee, Conrad A.
Source:
Comptes rendus 2015 v.338 no.11 pp. 728-737
ISSN:
1631-0691
Subject:
Panthera pardus; genes; genetic variation; government agencies; human-wildlife relations; humans; learning; livestock; mitochondria; nuclear genome; planning; researchers; Africa
Abstract:
... The leopard (Panthera pardus) is heavily persecuted in areas where it predates livestock and threatens human well-being. Attempts to resolve human–leopard conflict typically involve translocating problem animals; however, these interventions are rarely informed by genetic studies and can unintentionally compromise the natural spatial genetic structure and diversity, and possibly the long-term pers ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.crvi.2015.06.019

14. Revisiting fertilisers and fertilisation strategies for improved nutrient uptake by plants

Author:
Bindraban, Prem S.; Dimkpa, Christian; Nagarajan, Latha; Roy, Amit; Rabbinge, Rudy
Source:
Biology and fertility of soils 2015 v.51 no.8 pp. 897-911
ISSN:
0178-2762
Subject:
adverse effects; aerial parts; application timing; coatings; crop yield; farmers; food security; humans; mineral fertilizers; nanotechnology; nutrient uptake; nutrients; poverty; research and development; seed dressings; soil; soil-plant interactions; sustainable agriculture; symbiosis; uptake mechanisms; Africa
Abstract:
... Meeting human needs within the ecological limits of our planet calls for continuous reflection on, and redesigning of, agricultural technologies and practices. Such technologies include fertilisers, the discovery and use of which have been one of the key factors for increasing crop yield, agricultural productivity and food security. Fertiliser use comes, however, at an environmental cost, and fert ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00374-015-1039-7

15. Surveillance of Human Rabies by National Authorities – A Global Survey

Author:
Taylor, L. H.; Knopf, L.
Source:
Zoonoses and public health 2015 v.62 no.7 pp. 543-552
ISSN:
1863-1959
Subject:
data collection; disease severity; humans; monitoring; notifiable disease; people; public health; rabies; risk; surveys; Africa; Asia
Abstract:
... Effective prevention of deaths due to human rabies is currently hampered by a lack of understanding of the scale of the problem, and the distribution of both animal and human cases across countries, regions and continents. Unfortunately, despite the severity of the disease, accurate data on which to assess these questions and to prioritize and direct public health interventions are not available f ...
DOI:
10.1111/zph.12183

16. Antileishmanial activity of essential oil and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone isolated from Tetradenia riparia

Author:
Demarchi, Izabel Galhardo; Thomazella, Mateus Vailant; de Souza Terron, Mariana; Lopes, Lilian; Gazim, Zilda Cristiani; Cortez, Diógenes Aparício Garcia; Donatti, Lucélia; Aristides, Sandra Mara Alessi; Silveira, Thaís Gomes Verzignassi; Lonardoni, Maria Valdrinez Campana
Source:
Experimental parasitology 2015 v.157 pp. 128-137
ISSN:
0014-4894
Subject:
Leishmania amazonensis; adverse effects; alternative medicine; antileishmanial properties; autophagy; chromatin; cytotoxicity; death; drugs; erythrocytes; essential oils; gene expression; humans; inducible nitric oxide synthase; infectious diseases; leishmaniasis; lethal dose 50; macrophages; messenger RNA; mice; nitrites; traditional medicine; transmission electron microscopy; ultrastructure; Africa
Abstract:
... Tetradenia riparia plant is used as a traditional medicine in Africa for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases as like parasitic. Therapy for leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis specie often fails, and the conventional drugs are toxic, expensive, require a long period of treatment, and adverse effects are common. The alternative therapies using natural produ ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.exppara.2015.06.014

17. Dicrocoelium dendriticum found in a Bronze Age cemetery in western Iran in the pre-Persepolis period: The oldest Asian palaeofinding in the present human infection hottest spot region

Author:
Mowlavi, Gholamreza; Mokhtarian, Kobra; Makki, Mahsa Sadat; Mobedi, Iraj; Masoumian, Mohammad; Naseri, Reza; Hoseini, Ghasem; Nekouei, Parisa; Mas-Coma, Santiago
Source:
Parasitology international 2015 v.64 no.5 pp. 251-255
ISSN:
1383-5769
Subject:
Dicrocoelium dendriticum; dicrocoeliasis; eggs; goats; herbivores; herds; highlands; human diseases; humans; intermediate hosts; lowlands; mountains; parasites; sheep; snails; transhumance; Africa; Europe; Iran; Middle East
Abstract:
... Dicrocoeliasis of animals and humans is caused by trematode species of the genus Dicrocoelium, mainly Dicrocoelium dendriticum in ruminants of the Holarctic region. D. dendriticum may be considered an old parasite, probably related to the appearance and diversification of Eurasian ovicaprines, occurred 14.7–14.5million years ago. The oldest palaeoparasitological findings of Dicrocoelium in domesti ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.parint.2015.02.007

18. Using predator attack data to save lives, human and crocodilian

Author:
Pooley, Simon
Source:
Oryx 2015 v.49 no.4 pp. 581-583
ISSN:
1365-3008
Subject:
Crocodylus niloticus; aquatic habitat; crocodiles; data collection; human-wildlife relations; humans; predators; Africa
Abstract:
... As human populations grow and transform undeveloped terrestrial and aquatic habitats, human–wildlife conflict inevitably increases. This is particularly problematic for large predators and the humans who live alongside them. Relatively little research has been conducted on alleviating adverse human encounters with one of the most significant predator species in Africa, the Nile crocodile Crocodylu ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0030605315000186

19. Whole genomic constellation of the first human G8 rotavirus strain detected in Japan

Author:
Agbemabiese, Chantal Ama; Nakagomi, Toyoko; Doan, Yen Hai; Nakagomi, Osamu
Source:
Infection, genetics, and evolution 2015 v.35 pp. 184-193
ISSN:
1567-1348
Subject:
Rotavirus A; ancestry; children; gastroenteritis; genes; genotype; goats; hosts; humans; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; sheep; Africa; Japan
Abstract:
... Human G8 Rotavirus A (RVA) strains are commonly detected in Africa but are rarely detected in Japan and elsewhere in the world. In this study, the whole genome sequence of the first human G8 RVA strain designated AU109 isolated in a child with acute gastroenteritis in 1994 was determined in order to understand how the strain was generated including the host species origin of its genes. The genotyp ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.033

20. The greening of Arabia: Multiple opportunities for human occupation of the Arabian Peninsula during the Late Pleistocene inferred from an ensemble of climate model simulations

Author:
Jennings, Richard P.; Singarayer, Joy; Stone, Emma J.; Krebs-Kanzow, Uta; Khon, Vyacheslav; Nisancioglu, Kerim H.; Pfeiffer, Madlene; Zhang, Xu; Parker, Adrian; Parton, Ash; Groucutt, Huw S.; White, Tom S.; Drake, Nick A.; Petraglia, Michael D.
Source:
Quaternary international 2015 v.382 pp. 181-199
ISSN:
1040-6182
Subject:
Mediterranean climate; climate models; dry environmental conditions; human settlements; humans; lakes; monsoon season; paleoecology; rain; rivers; savannas; simulation models; summer; Africa; Indian Ocean; West Asia
Abstract:
... Climate models are potentially useful tools for addressing human dispersals and demographic change. The Arabian Peninsula is becoming increasingly significant in the story of human dispersals out of Africa during the Late Pleistocene. Although characterised largely by arid environments today, emerging climate records indicate that the peninsula was wetter many times in the past, suggesting that th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.006