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1. Antioxidant supplementation and obesity have independent effects on hepatic oxylipin profiles in insulin resistant, obese-prone rats

Author:
Picklo Sr., Matthew J.; Newman, John W.
Source:
Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2015 v.89 pp. 182-191
ISSN:
0891-5849
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; alpha-linolenic acid; antioxidants; arachidonic acid; ascorbic acid; cytochrome P-450; dietary supplements; enzyme activity; epoxides; insulin resistance; laboratory animals; linoleic acid; lipid metabolism; lipoxygenases; liver; obesity; oxylipins; phenotype; vitamin E;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... Obesity-induced changes in lipid metabolism are mechanistically associated with the development of insulin resistance and prediabetes. Recent studies have focused on the extent to which obesity-induced insulin resistance is mediated through oxylipins, derived from enzymatic and nonenzymatic lipid per-oxidation. Vitamin E and vitamin C are widely used antioxidant supplements, but conflicting data e ...
Handle:
10113/61628
DOI:
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.152

2. Biomarkers of oxidative stress for in vivo assessment of toxicological effects of iron oxide nanoparticles

Author:
Reddy, Utkarsh A.; Prabhakar, P.V.; Mahboob, M.
Source:
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2015
ISSN:
1319-562X
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; X-ray diffraction; absorption; adverse effects; antioxidants; biomarkers; body weight; brain; catalase; crystal structure; feces; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione transferase; glutathione-disulfide reductase; histopathology; industry; iron oxides; kidneys; lipid peroxidation; liver; nanoparticles; oral administration; oxidative stress; superoxide dismutase; toxicity; transmission electron microscopy; urine;     Show all 28 Subjects
Abstract:
... Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3-IONPs) have revolutionized the industry by significant economic and scientific impacts. Enormous increase in the usage of IONPs has raised concerns about their unseen adverse effects. In the current study, we investigated the effects of IONPs and its bulk on oxidative stress biomarkers, histopathology and biodistribution in rats after 28days repeated oral treatment ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.09.029
PubMed:
28855809
PubMed Central:
PMC5562456

3. Investigation of bi-enzymatic reactor based on hybrid monolith with nanoparticles embedded and its proteolytic characteristics A

Author:
Shangguan, Lulu; Zhang, Lingyi; Xiong, Zhichao; Ren, Jun; Zhang, Runsheng; Gao, Fangyuan; Zhang, Weibing
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2015
ISSN:
0021-9673
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; chelation; chemical bonding; chromatography; chymotrypsin; copper; copper nanoparticles; glutaraldehyde; hydrophobicity; immobilized enzymes; liver; molecular weight; peptides; proteolysis; proteomics; spectrometers; transmembrane proteins; trypsin;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... The bottom-up strategy of proteomic profiling study based on mass spectrometer (MS) has drawn high attention. However, conventional solution-based digestion could not satisfy the demands of highly efficient and complete high throughput proteolysis of complex samples. We proposed a novel bi-enzymatic reactor by immobilizing two different enzymes (trypsin/chymotrypsin) onto a mixed support of hybrid ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.040

4. Metabolic disposition and elimination of cyadox in pigs, chickens, carp, and rats

Author:
Lingli, Huang; Ning, Xu; Harnud, Sechenchogt; Yuanhu, Pan; Dongmei, Chen; Yanfei, Tao; Zhenli, Liu; Zonghui, Yuan
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2015 v.63 no.22 pp. 5557-5569
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; carp; chickens; drugs; excretion; food animals; food safety; kidneys; liver; metabolism; metabolites; pharmacology; swine; tissues; toxicology;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... The metabolism, distribution, and elimination of cyadox (CYA) is investigated in pigs, chickens, carp, and rats to identify the marker residue and target tissue of CYA in food animals for food safety concerns. Following a single oral gavage of [(3)H]-CYA, the total radioactivity was rapidly excreted, with more than 95% of the dose excreted within 14 days in the four species. Fecal excretion of the ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01745

5. A polysaccharide extract of mulberry leaf ameliorates hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in rats with type 2 diabetes induced by high fat-diet and streptozotocin

Author:
Ren, Chunjiu; Zhang, Yao; Cui, Weizheng; Lu, Guobing; Wang, Yanwen; Gao, Huiju; Huang, Lu; Mu, Zhimei
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2015 v.72 pp. 951-959
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; animal disease models; biomarkers; catalase; enzyme activity; genes; glucose; glucose tolerance; glutathione peroxidase; glycogen; insulin; insulin resistance; leaves; liver; malondialdehyde; mulberries; non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; oxidative stress; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; signal transducing adaptor proteins; streptozotocin; superoxide dismutase; traditional medicine;     Show all 24 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mulberry leaf is a traditional medicine used to treat diabetes in the clinic. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLPII), improves hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabetes induced by high fat and streptozotocin (STZ). MLPII was administered for 6 weeks after establishment of type 2 diabetes in Wistar rat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.060

6. Application of metabonomic strategy to discover an unreported active ingredient in LiuWeiDiHuang pills suppressing beta-glucuronidase

Author:
Xie, Baogang; Zhang, Zhirong; Gong, Tao; Zhang, Ningning; Wang, Huiyun; Zou, Huiqing
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2015 v.407 no.2 pp. 609-614
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; Oriental traditional medicine; active ingredients; beta-glucuronidase; bioactive properties; daidzein; discriminant analysis; dose response; drugs; genistein; high performance liquid chromatography; least squares; liver; mass spectrometry; metabolomics; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; screening; urine;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... Identification of the bioactive ingredient from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remains a challenging task by traditional approach that focuses on chemical isolation coupled with biological activity screening. Here, we present a metabonomics-based approach for bioactive ingredient discovery in LiuWeiDiHuang pills (LWPs). First, a non-targeted high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet ( ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-014-8253-2

7. Assessment of Urinary Metabolite Excretion After Rat Acute Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Other Peroxisomal Proliferators

Author:
Rigden, Marc; Pelletier, Guillaume; Poon, Raymond; Zhu, Jiping; Auray-Blais, Christiane; Gagnon, René; Kubwabo, Cariton; Kosarac, Ivana; Lalonde, Kaela; Cakmak, Sabit; Xiao, Bin; Leingartner, Karen; Ku, Ka Lei; Bose, Ranjan; Jiao, Jianli
Source:
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2015 v.68 no.1 pp. 148-158
ISSN:
0090-4341
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; NAD (coenzyme); acute exposure; administered dose; agonists; ascorbic acid; excretion; glucuronic acid; human health; liver; males; malondialdehyde; metabolites; oxidative stress; phthalates; risk; urine;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent environmental contaminant. Activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) resulting from exposure to PFOA has been extensively studied in rodents. However, marked differences in response to peroxisome proliferators prevent extrapolation of rodent PPARα activation to human health risks and additional molecular mechanisms may ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00244-014-0058-y

8. Characteristics of regulation of the activity of glucokinase from rat liver

Author:
Khu, L. Ya.; Goncharova, N. Yu.; Rubtsov, A. M.
Source:
Moscow University biological sciences bulletin 2015 v.70 no.1 pp. 12-16
ISSN:
0096-3925
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; enzyme activity; glucokinase; glucose; hexokinase; isolation techniques; liver;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... A simple method for isolation of glucokinase from a soluble fraction of rat liver was proposed, making it possible to obtain the enzyme preparation characterized by high specific activity, native cooperative characteristics of the enzyme, and actually complete absence of other molecular forms of hexokinase. Dependence of the enzyme activity on the glucose concentration shows a pronounced sigmoidal ...
DOI:
10.3103/S0096392515010058

9. Chitosan oligosaccharides reduce acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing CYP-mediated bioactivation

Author:
Yao, Hsien-Tsung; Luo, Mei-Ning; Li, Chien-Chun
Source:
Journal of functional foods 2015 v.12 pp. 262-270
ISSN:
1756-4646
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; acetaminophen; alanine transaminase; chitosan; cytochrome P-450; diet; functional foods; hepatotoxicity; liver; liver diseases; metabolism; oligosaccharides; overdose; transporters;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) are functional foods with various biological activities. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug that can cause acute liver injury when taken in overdose. To investigate the effects of COS on the metabolism and toxicity of acetaminophen in rat liver, rats were fed a controlled diet without or with 1% and 3% COS for 5 weeks and were then ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.014

10. Combined administration of silymarin and vitamin C stalls acetaminophen-mediated hepatic oxidative insults in Wistar rats

Author:
Sabiu, Saheed; Sunmonu, Taofik O.; Ajani, Emmanuel O.; Ajiboye, Taofeek O.
Source:
Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2015 v.25 no.1 pp. 29-34
ISSN:
0102-695X
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; alanine transaminase; alkaline phosphatase; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; ascorbic acid; aspartate transaminase; bilirubin; blood serum; body weight; catalase; free radicals; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione transferase; hepatotoxicity; histology; liver; liver function; oral administration; protein content; silymarin; superoxide dismutase; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances;     Show all 23 Subjects
Abstract:
... Oxidative insult by free radicals has been implicated in drug-induced hepatic damage and this has resulted in frequent episodes of liver disorders. Therapeutic efficacy of antioxidants may provide a possible solution to this menace. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of combined administration of silymarin and vitamin C in rescuing acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. He ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bjp.2014.11.012

11. Distribution and excretion of 2,2′,3,4′,5,5′,6-heptachlorobiphenyl (CB187) and its metabolites in rats and guinea pigs

Author:
Ohta, Chiho; Haraguchi, Koichi; Kato, Yoshihisa; Endo, Tetsuya; Kimura, Osamu; Koga, Nobuyuki
Source:
Chemosphere 2015 v.118 pp. 5-11
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; blood serum; excretion; feces; guinea pigs; humans; in vitro studies; kidneys; liver; liver microsomes; metabolites; polychlorinated biphenyls;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... 4-Hydroxy (OH)-2,2′,3,4′,5,5′,6-heptachlorobiphenyl (CB187) is a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) metabolite present in human serum at the highest concentration of the PCB metabolites. Our previous study demonstrated that CB187 was metabolized by rat and guinea pig liver microsomes to the major metabolite 4′-OH-2,2′,3,3′,5,5′,6-heptachlorobiphenyl (CB178), and the two minor metabolites 4-OH-CB187 an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.019

12. Effect of Curcumin on Hepatic Antioxidant Enzymes Activities and Gene Expressions in Rats Intoxicated with Aflatoxin B1

Author:
El‐Bahr, S. M.
Source:
Phytotherapy research 2015 v.29 no.1 pp. 134-140
ISSN:
0951-418X
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; aflatoxin B1; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; biomarkers; body weight; catalase; curcumin; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione transferase; liver; oxidative stress; superoxide dismutase; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; transaminases;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... Twenty‐eight rats were examined in a 5‐week experiment to investigate the effect of curcumin on gene expression and activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in rats intoxicated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB₁). The rats were divided into four groups. Rats in 1–4 groups served as control, oral curcumin treated (15 mg/kg body weight), single i.p. dose of AFB₁(3 mg/kg body weight) and combination of single ...
DOI:
10.1002/ptr.5239

13. Effect of media milling on lipid-lowering and antioxidant activities of chitosan

Author:
Zhang, Wei; Xia, Wenshui
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2015 v.72 pp. 1402-1405
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; antioxidant activity; blood serum; body weight changes; chitosan; excretion; feces; free fatty acids; high fat diet; liver; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; milling; superoxide dismutase; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; triacylglycerols;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... The effect of media milling on lipid-lowering and antioxidant activities of chitosan was studied in rats fed high-fat diets. Results showed that media-milled chitosan was more effective than chitosan in reducing body weight gain and liver fat accumulation of rats. Compared with chitosan, the reducing effects of media-milled chitosan on serum triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-den ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.049

14. Evaluation of hepatotoxic and genotoxic potential of silver nanoparticles in albino rats

Author:
El Mahdy, Magdy Mohamed; Eldin, Taher Ahmed Salah; Aly, Halima Sayed; Mohammed, Faten Fathy; Shaalan, Mohamed Ibrahim
Source:
Experimental and toxicologic pathology 2015 v.67 no.1 pp. 21-29
ISSN:
0940-2993
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; anti-infective properties; bone marrow; bone marrow cells; chromosome aberrations; dose response; equipment; females; genotoxicity; glutathione; hepatotoxicity; histopathology; liver; nanosilver; oxidative stress; refrigerators; toxicity testing; washing;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have wide medical applications regarding their antimicrobial effects. They are applied also in appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines. For assessment of toxicological potential of silver nanoparticles 20 mature female albino rats were divided into four groups (five rats per each). Animals were injected i/p by different doses of approximately 8.7nm silver ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.etp.2014.09.005

15. Fenugreek seed extract and its phytocompounds- trigonelline and diosgenin arbitrate their hepatoprotective effects through attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic rats

Author:
Mayakrishnan, Tharaheswari; Nakkala, Jayachandra Reddy; Jeepipalli, Syam Praveen Kumar; Raja, Kumar; Khub Chandra, Varshney; Mohan, Vasanth Kumar; Sadras, Sudha Rani
Source:
European food research & technology 2015 v.240 no.1 pp. 223-232
ISSN:
1438-2377
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; antioxidants; apoptosis; blood serum; c-peptide; chemical constituents of plants; diosgenin; endoplasmic reticulum; fenugreek; food research; glycogen; hepatoprotective effect; high fat diet; hyperglycemia; insulin resistance; lipid peroxidation; liver; mechanism of action; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; oxidative stress; protein disulfide-isomerase; proteins; streptozotocin; triacylglycerols; trigonelline;     Show all 25 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fenugreek seed and some of its phytoconstituents are known to possess hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties but their mode of action in insulin target tissues remains to be elucidated. As hepatic insulin resistance contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the protective effects of fenugreek seed extract (FSE) and two of its phytoconstituents-trigonelline and diosgenin ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00217-014-2322-9

16. GC-MS, LC-MSn, LC-high resolution-MSn, and NMR studies on the metabolism and toxicological detection of mesembrine and mesembrenone, the main alkaloids of the legal high “Kanna” isolated from Sceletium tortuosum

Author:
Meyer, Golo M. J.; Wink, Carina S. D.; Zapp, Josef; Maurer, Hans H.
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2015 v.407 no.3 pp. 761-778
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; Sceletium tortuosum; alkaloids; analgesia; drugs; fermentation; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; humans; liquid chromatography; liver; mastication; metabolites; monitoring; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; pharmacokinetics; screening; sedation; sulfates; urine; South Africa;     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mesembrine and mesembrenone are the main alkaloids of Sceletium tortuosum, a plant species that was used for sedation and analgesia by the KhoiSan, previously known as Hottentots, a tribe in South Africa. After fermentation, the obtained preparation called “Kanna” or “Kougoed” was used by chewing, smoking, or sniffing. Today, Kanna gains popularity by drug users as legal high. For monitoring such ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-014-8109-9

17. Hazard quotient profiles used as a risk assessment tool for PFOS and PFOA serum levels in three distinctive European populations

Author:
Ludwicki, Jan K.; Góralczyk, Katarzyna; Struciński, Paweł; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Rabczenko, Daniel; Toft, Gunnar; Lindh, Christian H.; Jönsson, Bo A.G.; Lenters, Virissa; Heederik, Dick; Czaja, Katarzyna; Hernik, Agnieszka; Pedersen, Henning S.; Zvyezday, Valentyna; Bonde, Jens Peter
Source:
Environment international 2015 v.74 pp. 112-118
ISSN:
0160-4120
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; Macaca fascicularis; biomarkers; blood serum; databases; environmental exposure; females; humans; liver; males; necrosis; perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; perfluorooctanoic acid; risk; risk assessment; risk management; uncertainty analysis; Greenland; Poland; Ukraine;     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) blood levels are commonly used as biomarkers of human environmental exposure to these compounds. Many biomonitoring studies indicate 100% detection for PFOS and PFOA thus justifying a concern of possible risk for the most exposed individuals.This study addresses the predictive value of hazard quotients (HQs) calculated on the basis ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.001

18. Herbosomes enhance the in vivo antioxidant activity and bioavailability of punicalagins from standardized pomegranate extract

Author:
Vora, A.; Londhe, V.; Pandita, N.
Source:
Journal of functional foods 2015 v.12 pp. 540-548
ISSN:
1756-4646
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; antioxidant activity; bioavailability; blood serum; carbon tetrachloride; catalase; glutathione; hepatoprotective effect; histopathology; liver; oxidative stress; pharmacokinetics; pomegranates; spray drying; superoxide dismutase; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... The purpose of this study was to develop herbosomes, a novel formulation of standardized pomegranate extract (30% [w/w] punicalagins) (SPE) to overcome the limitation of poor bioavailability of punicalagins. The pharmacokinetic parameters of punicalagins from SPE and herbosomes of SPE were compared and their protective effects were studied on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced acute liver damage ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.017

19. Hexosamine biosynthetic pathway activity in leptin resistant sucrose-drinking rats

Author:
Harris, Ruth B.S.; Apolzan, John W.
Source:
Physiology & behavior 2015 v.138 pp. 208-218
ISSN:
0031-9384
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; Western blotting; bioactive properties; biochemical pathways; enzymes; fructose; fructose 6-phosphate; glucosamine; glucose; glutamine; hypothalamus; immunohistochemistry; intravenous injection; leptin; liver; phosphorylation; signal transduction; sucrose; tissues; transactivators;     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rats offered 30% sucrose solution in addition to chow and water become leptin resistant therefore we investigated the effect of sucrose solution consumption on leptin signaling. In Experiment 1 rats were resistant to 3rd ventricle injections of1.5μg leptin after 36days of sucrose and western blot indicated that resistance was associated with increased basal levels of signal transducer and activato ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.09.016
PubMed:
25446204
PubMed Central:
PMC4400807

20. Immunohistochemical characterization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing cells in a rat liver cirrhosis model induced by repeated injections of thioacetamide (TAA)

Author:
Tennakoon, Anusha Hemamali; Izawa, Takeshi; Wijesundera, Kavindra Kumara; Murakami, Hiroshi; Katou-Ichikawa, Chisa; Tanaka, Miyuu; Golbar, Hossain M.; Kuwamura, Mitsuru; Yamate, Jyoji
Source:
Experimental and toxicologic pathology 2015 v.67 no.1 pp. 53-63
ISSN:
0940-2993
Subject:
rats,   etc   ; actin; animal models; apoptosis; astrocytes; desmin; fibrosis; hepatocytes; immunohistochemistry; liver; liver cirrhosis; males; mitosis; muscles; pathogenesis; stem cells; vimentin;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hepatic stellate cells, the principal fibrogenic cell type in the liver, are known to express the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). However, the exact role of GFAP-expressing cells in liver fibrosis remains to be elucidated. In this study, cellular properties of GFAP-expressing cells were investigated in a rat model of liver cirrhosis. Six-week-old male F344 rats were inject ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.etp.2014.09.008