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1. Risk assessment of heavy metals in children’s playgrounds in the Rabka Zdrój health resort / Zagrożenie metalami ciężkimi na placach zabaw w uzdrowisku dziecięcym Rabka - Zdrój

Author:
Kicińska, Alicja; Klimek, Agnieszka
Source:
Ochrona Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 2015 v.26 no.4 pp. 15-19
ISSN:
2353-8589
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; cadmium; child health; children; dust; grasses; heavy metals; lead; people; playgrounds; resorts; soil pollution; urban soils; zinc;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... The problem of exposing to toxins in places frequented by people (especially children) for a longer time is an important aspect of environmental studies. Therefore, in Rabka-Zdrój, one of children health resorts, the contents of nine heavy metals, with a special focus on Cd, Pb and Zn, were determined in soils, grass, sands and dusts. The highest concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn occur in soil sampl ...
DOI:
10.1515/oszn-2015-0023

2. Pseudomonas syringae pv. porri: a new pathogen of Australian onions

Author:
Roach, R.; McTaggart, A.; Gambley, C.; Harper, S.; Carey, D.; Duff, J. D.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2015 no.1105 pp. 149-154
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Pseudomonas syringae pv. porri; control methods; crops; genes; heat; industry; inoculation methods; leaves; leeks; onions; pathogenicity; pathogens; pathovars; surveys; temperature; Queensland; United States;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... The first record of Pseudomonas syringae pv. porri on onion in Australia was confirmed in September 2012. This pathogen was previously described in Australia on leek, and pathogenicity tests determined it could infect other allium species Isolates were recovered from water-soaked lesions on onion leaf material collected from the Lockyer Valley, Queensland, Australia. The disease was observed on on ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1105.21

3. Liposome containing nutmeg oil as the targeted preservative against Listeria monocytogenes in dumplings

Author:
Lin, Lin; Zhang, Xuejing; Zhao, Chengting; Cui, Haiying
Source:
RSC advances 2015 v.6 no.2 pp. 978-986
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Listeria monocytogenes; adenosine triphosphate; antibacterial properties; cell membranes; encapsulation; gas chromatography; nucleic acids; nutmeg; oils; zeta potential;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this study, the antibacterial activities of nutmeg oil and nutmeg oil encapsulated in liposome were evaluated. First, nutmeg oil exhibited a significant antibacterial effect on L. monocytogenes by damaging the integrity of the cell membrane, leading to the leakage of ATP and nucleic acid. Subsequently, nutmeg oil was encapsulated in liposome to enhance its chemical stability using a thin film d ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ra22098j

4. Brown spider (Loxosceles genus) venom toxins: Evaluation of biological conservation by immune cross-reactivity

Author:
Buch, Daniela Regina; Souza, Fernanda Nunes; Meissner, Gabriel Otto; Morgon, Adriano Marcelo; Gremski, Luiza Helena; Ferrer, Valéria Pereira; Trevisan-Silva, Dilza; Matsubara, Fernando Hitomi; Boia-Ferreira, Mariana; Sade, Youssef Bacila; Chaves-Moreira, Daniele; Gremski, Waldemiro; Veiga, Silvio Sanches; Chaim, Olga Meiri; Senff-Ribeiro, Andrea
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.108 pp. 154-166
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Loxosceles; accidents; antiserum; blood serum; cross reaction; epitopes; humans; hyaluronoglucosaminidase; immunoassays; metalloproteinases; therapeutics; venoms; Brazil;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Loxosceles spiders are responsible for serious human envenomations worldwide. The collection of symptoms found in victims after accidents is called loxoscelism and is characterized by two clinical conditions: cutaneous loxoscelism and systemic loxocelism. The only specific treatment is serum therapy, in which an antiserum produced with Loxosceles venom is administered to the victims after spider a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.041

5. Identification and molecular characterization of five putative toxins from the venom gland of the snake Philodryas chamissonis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)

Author:
Urra, Félix A.; Pulgar, Rodrigo; Gutiérrez, Ricardo; Hodar, Christian; Cambiazo, Verónica; Labra, Antonieta
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.108 pp. 19-31
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Dipsadidae; Elapidae; Viperidae; anticoagulants; genes; humans; metalloproteinases; natriuretic peptides; proteolysis; serine proteinases; signal peptide; snakes; venoms; Chile;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... Philodryas chamissonis is a rear-fanged snake endemic to Chile. Its bite produces mild to moderate symptoms with proteolytic and anti-coagulant effects. Presently, the composition of the venom, as well as, the biochemical and structural characteristics of its toxins, remains unknown. In this study, we cloned and reported the first full-length sequences of five toxin-encoding genes from the venom g ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.032

6. Protective effects of batimastat against hemorrhagic injuries in delayed jellyfish envenomation syndrome models

Author:
Wang, Beilei; Liu, Dan; Liu, Guoyan; Zhang, Xin; Wang, Qianqian; Zheng, Jiemin; Zhou, Yonghong; He, Qian; Zhang, Liming
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.108 pp. 232-239
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Scyphozoa; X-radiation; animal models; clinical trials; hemorrhage; histopathology; image analysis; kidneys; liver; metalloproteinases; micro-computed tomography; necrosis; neutralization; protective effect; rats; staining; toxicity; uridine triphosphate;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... Previously, we established delayed jellyfish envenomation syndrome (DJES) models and proposed that the hemorrhagic toxins in jellyfish tentacle extracts (TE) play a significant role in the liver and kidney injuries of the experimental model. Further, we also demonstrated that metalloproteinases are the central toxic components of the jellyfish Cyanea capillata (C. capillata), which may be responsi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.10.022

7. Quantum dots-fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based nanosensors and their application

Author:
Stanisavljevic, Maja; Krizkova, Sona; Vaculovicova, Marketa; Kizek, Rene; Adam, Vojtech
Source:
Biosensors & bioelectronics 2015 v.74 pp. 562-574
ISSN:
0956-5663
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; photobleaching; immunoassays; fluorescence; biosensors; peptides; pollutants; quantum dots; viruses; pH; nucleic acids; enzyme activity; energy transfer; fluorescent dyes;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in combination with quantum dots (QDs) and their superior properties has enabled designing of the new and improved sensors. In this review, the latest novelties in development and application of FRET nanosensors employing QDs are presented. QDs offer several advantages over organic dyes – broad excitation spectra, narrow defined tunable emission peak, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.076

8. Recombinant expression and predicted structure of parborlysin, a cytolytic protein from the Antarctic heteronemertine Parborlasia corrugatus

Author:
Butala, Matej; Šega, Daniel; Tomc, Blaž; Podlesek, Zdravko; Kem, William R.; Küpper, Frithjof C.; Turk, Tom
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.108 pp. 32-37
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Escherichia coli; RNA; cDNA libraries; complementary DNA; cysteine; gene overexpression; genes; head; hemolysis; hydrophobicity; models; plasmids; proteins; Antarctic region; Antarctica;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... The heteronemertine Parborlasia corrugatus contains a cytolytic protein, parborlysin, which after extensive purification was found by Edman sequencing to be a mixture of several homologues. To investigate this microheterogeneity and enable the analysis of single toxins, we have obtained seven parborlysin isoform genes from P. corrugatus collected in Antarctica. Total RNA was isolated from the homo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.044

9. Recombinant expression of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin components of Indian isolate in Escherichia coli and determination of its acute toxicity level in mouse model

Author:
Nagendra, Suryanarayana; Vanlalhmuaka,; Verma, Sarika; Tuteja, Urmil; Thavachelvam, Kulanthaivel
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.108 pp. 108-114
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Bacillus anthracis; Escherichia coli; acute toxicity; affinity chromatography; animal models; anthrax; antigens; death; genes; genetic variation; intravenous injection; lethal dose 50; mice; proteins; toxemia;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (LeTx) is the principle factor responsible for toxaemia and anthrax related death. Lethal toxin consist of two proteins viz protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor which combines in a typical fashion similar to other toxins belonging to A-B toxin super family. The amount of LeTx required to kill a particular organism generally differs among strains owing to their ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.10.004

10. Selective inhibition of cancer cells' proliferation by compounds included in extracts from Baltic Sea cyanobacteria

Author:
Felczykowska, Agnieszka; Pawlik, Anna; Mazur-Marzec, Hanna; Toruńska-Sitarz, Anna; Narajczyk, Magdalena; Richert, Malwina; Węgrzyn, Grzegorz; Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.108 pp. 1-10
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Anabaena; Leptolyngbya; Lyngbya; Microcystis aeruginosa; Nodularia; Phormidium; Pseudanabaena; Synechocystis; antineoplastic activity; bioactive compounds; biotechnology; breast neoplasms; cell death; ethanol; fibroblasts; humans; metabolites; microorganisms; neoplasm cells; uterine cervical neoplasms; Baltic Sea;     Show all 22 Subjects
Abstract:
... Cyanobacteria are a rich source of biologically active compounds used in pharmacology and biotechnology. Due to their high capacity of adaptation, which is reflected in the production of diverse metabolites, including toxins, these microorganisms are able to inhabit very different environments. In this work, water and ethanol extracts from 11 cyanobacterial strains derived from the Baltic Sea (Mic ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.030

11. Spider, bacterial and fungal phospholipase D toxins make cyclic phosphate products

Author:
Lajoie, Daniel M.; Cordes, Matthew H.J.
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.108 pp. 176-180
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Actinobacteria; Araneae; Ascomycota; divergent evolution; fungi; lysophosphatidylcholine; mammals; pathogenicity; phosphates; phospholipase D; sphingomyelins;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Phospholipase D (PLD) toxins from sicariid spiders, which cause disease in mammals, were recently found to convert their primary substrates, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine, to cyclic phospholipids. Here we show that two PLD toxins from pathogenic actinobacteria and ascomycete fungi, which share distant homology with the spider toxins, also generate cyclic phospholipids. This shared func ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.10.008

12. The sxt Gene and Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins as Markers for the Monitoring of Toxic Alexandrium Species Blooms

Author:
Penna, Antonella; Perini, Federico; Dell’Aversano, Carmela; Capellacci, Samuela; Tartaglione, Luciana; Giacobbe, Maria Grazia; Casabianca, Silvia; Fraga, Santiago; Ciminiello, Patrizia; Scardi, Michele
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2015 v.49 no.24 pp. 14230-14238
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Alexandrium; aquaculture; detection limit; ecosystems; gene dosage; genes; human diseases; ingestion; microalgae; monitoring; paralytic shellfish poisoning; poisoning; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; seafoods; seawater; toxicity; Mediterranean Sea;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a serious human illness caused by the ingestion of seafood contaminated with saxitoxin and its derivatives (STXs). These toxins are produced by some species of marine dinoflagellates within the genus Alexandrium. In the Mediterranean Sea, toxic Alexandrium spp. blooms, especially of A. minutum, are frequent and intense with negative impact to coastal ecosyste ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b03298

13. Two-year study of lipophilic marine toxin profile in mussels of the North-central Adriatic Sea: First report of azaspiracids in Mediterranean seafood

Author:
Bacchiocchi, Simone; Siracusa, Melania; Ruzzi, Angela; Gorbi, Stefania; Ercolessi, Manuela; Cosentino, Maria Anna; Ammazzalorso, Patrizia; Orletti, Roberta
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.108 pp. 115-125
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Dinophysis; Gonyaulax; algae; azaspiracid; mussels; okadaic acid; phytoplankton; seafoods; seawater; shellfish; summer; toxicity; Adriatic Sea;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Since the late 1980s, the North-central Adriatic Sea has frequently experienced blooms of harmful algal species, producing marine lipophilic toxins (MLTs) which accumulate in mussels and pose a serious threat to consumer health. Here, we present a 2-year LC-MS/MS study (2012–2014) of the MLT profile in mussels from the North-central Adriatic Sea in the context of the presence of toxic phytoplankto ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.10.002

14. The medicinal uses of the genus Mahonia in traditional Chinese medicine: An ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological review

Author:
He, Jian-Ming; Mu, Qing
Source:
Journal of ethnopharmacology 2015 v.175 pp. 668-683
ISSN:
0378-8741
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Mahonia; Oriental traditional medicine; acne; active ingredients; analgesic effect; antioxidants; blood circulation; chemical constituents of plants; clinical trials; cough; databases; dysentery; eczema; heat; hemorrhage; inflammation; isoquinoline alkaloids; pain; periodontitis; pharyngitis; therapeutics; toxicology; tuberculosis;     Show all 24 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plants of the genus Mahonia Nuttall (Berberidaceae) have a long history of medical use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of a wide range of health disorders, such as tuberculosis, periodontitis, dysentery, pharyngolaryngitis, eczema, and wounds. In the theory of TCM, most Mahonia species exert the effects of relieving internal heat, eliminating dampness, removing toxins, supp ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.013

15. An efficient transcriptome analysis pipeline to accelerate venom peptide discovery and characterisation

Author:
Prashanth, Jutty Rajan; Lewis, Richard J.
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.107 pp. 282-289
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Conus; conotoxins; data collection; snails; transcriptome; transcriptomics;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Transcriptome sequencing is now widely adopted as an efficient means to study the chemical diversity of venoms. To improve the efficiency of analysis of these large datasets, we have optimised an analysis pipeline for cone snail venom gland transcriptomes. The pipeline combines ConoSorter with sequence architecture-based elimination and similarity searching using BLAST to improve the accuracy of s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.012

16. Is it time for flexibility in botulinum inter-injection intervals?

Author:
Ojo, Oluwadamilola O.; Fernandez, Hubert H.
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.107 pp. 72-76
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; immune response; patients; randomized clinical trials;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Based largely on old retrospective reports, the recommendation of injecting BoNT as infrequently as possible, with the lowest possible dose, was formed. While BoNT is inherently immunogenic, with improved production, most patients no longer develop immune resistance and poor response to BoNT is often due to other factors.In a randomized controlled trial (RCT) using abobotulinumtoxinA for cervical ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.037

17. Overview of the Knottin scorpion toxin-like peptides in scorpion venoms: Insights on their classification and evolution

Author:
Santibáñez-López, Carlos E.; Possani, Lourival D.
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.107 pp. 317-326
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Scorpiones; databases; insects; ion channels; medicinal properties; peptides; phylogeny; potassium; sodium; transcriptomics; venoms;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Scorpion venoms include several compounds with different pharmacological activities. Within these compounds, toxins affecting ion channels are among the most studied. They are all peptides that have been classified based on their 3D structure, chain size and function. Usually, they show a spatial arrangement characterized by the presence of a cysteine-stabilized alpha beta motif; most of them affe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.06.029

18. Peptidome profiling of venom from the social wasp Polybia paulista

Author:
Dias, Nathalia Batista; de Souza, Bibiana Monson; Gomes, Paulo Cesar; Brigatte, Patricia; Palma, Mario Sergio
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.107 pp. 290-303
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Polybia paulista; bioassays; chemotaxis; edema; esterification; hemolysis; ions; kinins; mass spectrometry; mast cells; pain; venoms;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Most crude venom from Polybia paulista is composed of short, linear peptides; however, only five of these peptides are structurally and functionally characterized. Therefore, the peptides in this venom were profiled using an HPLC-IT-TOF/MS and MSn system. The presence of type -d and -w ions that are generated from the fragmentation of the side chains was used to resolve I/L ambiguity. The distinct ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.013

19. Proteomic analysis of the rare Uracoan rattlesnake Crotalus vegrandis venom: Evidence of a broad arsenal of toxins

Author:
Viala, Vincent Louis; Hildebrand, Diana; Fucase, Tamara Mieco; Sciani, Juliana Mozer; Prezotto-Neto, José Pedro; Riedner, Maria; Sanches, Leonardo; Nishimura, Paula Juliana; Oguiura, Nancy; Pimenta, Daniel Carvalho; Schlüter, Hartmut; Betzel, Christian; Arni, Raghuvir Krishnaswami; Spencer, Patrick Jack
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.107 pp. 234-251
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Crotalus; L-amino-acid oxidase; Western blotting; bioinformatics; databases; gel chromatography; geographical distribution; hemorrhage; hypotension; lectins; metalloproteinases; molecular weight; nerve growth factor; neurotoxicity; niches; peptides; phospholipases; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; population growth; proteomics; sequence analysis; serine proteinases; venoms;     Show all 24 Subjects
Abstract:
... The investigation of venoms has many clinical, pharmacological, ecological and evolutionary outcomes. The Crotalus spp. venom can cause hemorrhage, neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, coagulopathy and hypotension. Although neurotoxicity and hemorrhage usually does not occur for the same species, the rare Venezuelan species Crotalus vegrandis presents both characteristic. Different from the other species i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.023

20. Snake venomics of Micrurus alleni and Micrurus mosquitensis from the Caribbean region of Costa Rica reveals two divergent compositional patterns in New World elapids

Author:
Fernández, Julián; Vargas-Vargas, Nancy; Pla, Davinia; Sasa, Mahmood; Rey-Suárez, Paola; Sanz, Libia; Gutiérrez, José María; Calvete, Juan J.; Lomonte, Bruno
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.107 pp. 217-233
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Micrurus nigrocinctus; antivenoms; neutralization; phenotype; phenotypic variation; phospholipases; protein composition; proteomics; sympatry; toxicity; venoms; Caribbean; Costa Rica;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Protein composition, toxicity, and neutralization of the venoms of Micrurus alleni and Micrurus mosquitensis, two sympatric monadal coral snakes found in humid environments of the Caribbean region of Costa Rica, were studied. Proteomic profiling revealed that these venoms display highly divergent compositions: the former dominated by three-finger toxins (3FTx) and the latter by phospholipases A2 ( ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.016

21. The importance of being genomic: Non-coding and coding sequences suggest different models of toxin multi-gene family evolution

Author:
Malhotra, Anita; Creer, Simon; Harris, John B.; Thorpe, Roger S.
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.107 pp. 344-358
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; complementary DNA; exons; gene duplication; introns; models; multigene family; neurotoxicity; phospholipase A2; phylogeny; snakes; venoms;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Studies of multi-gene protein families, including many toxins, are crucial for understanding the role of gene duplication in generating protein diversity in general. However, many evolutionary analyses of gene families are based on coding sequences, and do not take into account many potentially confounding evolutionary factors, such as recombination and convergence due to selection. We illustrate ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.009

22. Venomics of the Australian eastern brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis): Detection of new venom proteins and splicing variants

Author:
Viala, Vincent Louis; Hildebrand, Diana; Trusch, Maria; Fucase, Tamara Mieco; Sciani, Juliana Mozer; Pimenta, Daniel Carvalho; Arni, Raghuvir K.; Schlüter, Hartmut; Betzel, Christian; Mirtschin, Peter; Dunstan, Nathan; Spencer, Patrick Jack
Source:
Toxicon 2015 v.107 pp. 252-265
ISSN:
0041-0101
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Heloderma; calreticulin; coagulation; cysteine; death; dipeptidases; hemolytic anemia; lizards; mutation; neurotoxicity; patients; peptides; phospholipase A2; proteinase inhibitors; proteomics; renal failure; secretion; signal peptide; snake bites; snakes; transcriptome; transcriptomics; venoms; Australia;     Show all 25 Subjects
Abstract:
... The eastern brown snake is the predominant cause of snakebites in mainland Australia. Its venom induces defibrination coagulopathy, renal failure and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Cardiovascular collapse has been described as an early cause of death in patients, but, so far, the mechanisms involved have not been fully identified. In the present work, we analysed the venome of Pseudonaja texti ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.06.005

23. Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi

Author:
Basile, Roberta Carvalho; Rivera, Gabriela Gomes; Del Rio, Lara Antoniassi; de Bonis, Talissa Camargo Mantovani; do Amaral, Gabriel Paiva Domingues; Giangrecco, Edson; Ferraz, Guilherme; Yoshinari, Natalino Hajime; Canola, Paulo Aléscio; Queiroz Neto, Antonio
Source:
BMC veterinary research 2015 v.11 no.1 pp. 197
ISSN:
1746-6148
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; ticks; tachycardia; blood transfusion; arthritis; ceftriaxone; hypotension; dexamethasone; metabolites; risk; anemia; eyelids; sodium; colon; colic; babesiosis; humans; laminitis; lameness; Borrelia burgdorferi; cryosurgery; forelimbs; histamine; Lyme disease; urticaria; bloat; intravenous injection; kinins; geldings; myocarditis; rheology; arachidonic acid; mares; edema; dyspnea; dermatitis;     Show all 36 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Lyme borreliosis is a disease transmitted by ticks to mammals, especially in horses and humans. Caused by a spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, it can result in lameness, arthritis, carditis, dermatitis and neurological signs. Anaphylactoid reactions are severe responses caused by direct action of substances (drugs, toxins), which can pose risks to life. Still poorly documented in horses, ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12917-015-0478-6
PubMed:
26265349
PubMed Central:
PMC4534110

24. Approaches for the assembly of molecularly imprinted electrospun nanofibre membranes and consequent use in selected target recognition

Author:
Ghorani, Behrouz; Tucker, Nick; Yoshikawa, Masakazu
Source:
Food research international 2015 v.78 pp. 448-464
ISSN:
0963-9969
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; antibodies; binding sites; biomimetics; composite polymers; coproducts; crosslinking; enzymes; food industry; molecular imprinting; nanofibers; nucleic acids; polymerization; receptors;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Molecular recognition plays an indispensable role in nature for the recognition of antibodies, enzymes and nucleic acids. Biomimetic fibrous non-woven materials are being developed to act as highly sensitive and selective artificial receptors based on molecular recognition sites in the constituent fibres. Molecular imprinting technologies (MITs) with specific recognition abilities are currently be ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodres.2015.11.014

25. A single type of cadherin is involved in Bacillus thuringiensis toxicity in Plutella xylostella

Author:
Park, Y.; Herrero, S.; Kim, Y.
Source:
Insect molecular biology 2015 v.24 no.6 pp. 624-633
ISSN:
0962-1075
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Bacillus thuringiensis; Plutella xylostella; RNA interference; cadherins; double-stranded RNA; entomopathogenic bacteria; genes; larvae; mechanism of action; midgut; receptors; screening; signal peptide; toxicity;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... Cadherins have been described as one the main functional receptors for the toxins of the entomopathogenic bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). With the availability of the whole genome of Plutella xylostella, different types of cadherins have been annotated. In this study we focused on determining those members of the cadherin‐related proteins that potentially play a role in the mode of action ...
DOI:
10.1111/imb.12188

26. Assembly of metal nanoparticles on regenerated fibers from wood sawdust and de-inked pulp: flexible substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications

Author:
Kong, Xian-Ming; Reza, Mehedi; Ma, Yi-Bo; Hinestroza, Juan-P.; Ahvenniemi, Esko; Vuorinen, Tapani
Source:
Cellulose 2015 v.22 no.6 pp. 3645-3655
ISSN:
0969-0239
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; cellulose; electrostatic interactions; foods; melamine; nanoparticles; photographs; pulp; sawdust; scanning electron microscopy; shelf life; wood;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... We report on simple and low-cost active SERS substrates made using regenerated fibers from wood products. Glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTAC) was used to graft ammonium groups on the fibers’ surfaces under strong alkaline conditions. After GTAC treatment, citrate-stabilized nanoparticles were assembled via electrostatic interaction. X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy images and ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10570-015-0743-7

27. Darwin diagnosed?

Author:
Campbell, Anthony K.; Matthews, Stephanie B.
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 2015 v.116 no.4 pp. 964-984
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Parkinson disease; beta-galactosidase; chest; diabetes; evolution; galactose; glucose; heart; humans; ice; inflammatory bowel disease; intestines; lactose; lactose intolerance; microorganisms; milk; neoplasms; pain; England;     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... While waiting in lodgings to join H.M.S. Beagle just before Christmas 1831, Charles Darwin suffered chest pain and heart palpitations. On his return to England he began to suffer from a range of gut problems and systemic symptoms around the body, which were to plague him for the rest of his life. At least 40 conditions have been proposed to explain Darwin's illness, which left him disabled, someti ...
DOI:
10.1111/bij.12632

28. Effects of nicotine on the digestive performance of nectar-feeding birds reflect their relative tolerance to this alkaloid Part A Molecular & integrative physiology

Author:
Lerch-Henning, S.; Nicolson, S.W.
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2015 v.190 pp. 47-53
ISSN:
1095-6433
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Nicotiana; Pycnonotus; Zosterops; birds; food intake; frugivores; fruits; gastrointestinal transit; nectar; nectar feeding; nicotine; nutrient utilization; secondary metabolites; sugar content; sugars; toxicity;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... The paradox of secondary metabolites, toxic defence compounds produced by plants, in nectar and fruits is well known. Deterrence of feeding by nectarivorous and frugivorous birds is better understood than the effect of these chemicals on the digestive performance of birds. Digestive parameters such as transit time and sugar assimilation are important in assessing nutrient utilization and deterrenc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.08.015

29. Effects of the oxylipin-producing diatom Skeletonema marinoi on gene expression levels of the calanoid copepod Calanus sinicus

Author:
Lauritano, Chiara; Carotenuto, Ylenia; Vitiello, Valentina; Buttino, Isabella; Romano, Giovanna; Hwang, Jiang-Shiou; Ianora, Adrianna
Source:
Marine genomics 2015 v.24 pp. 89-94
ISSN:
1874-7787
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Bacillariophyceae; Calanus; Skeletonema; biosensors; diet; ecosystems; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; genetic markers; metabolites; oxylipins; phenotype; phytoplankton; secondary productivity; toxicity; zooplankton; Atlantic Ocean; Mediterranean Sea; Pacific Ocean; Sea of Japan; South China Sea; Yellow Sea;     Show all 24 Subjects
Abstract:
... Diatoms are eukaryotic unicellular plants that constitute one of the major components of marine phytoplankton, comprising up to 40% of annual productivity at sea and representing 25% of global carbon-fixation. Diatoms have traditionally been considered a preferential food for zooplankton grazers such as copepods, but, in the last two decades, this beneficial role has been challenged after the disc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.margen.2015.01.007

30. Elimination of Gut Microbes with Antibiotics Confers Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Proteins in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

Author:
Visweshwar, R.; Sharma, H. C.; Akbar, S. M. D.; Sreeramulu, K.
Source:
Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 2015 v.177 no.8 pp. 1621-1637
ISSN:
0273-2289
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Bacillus thuringiensis; Helicoverpa armigera; aminopeptidases; antibiotics; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; cotton; genes; hosts; insect development; insecticidal properties; insects; larvae; microorganisms; midgut; mortality; pathogenicity; pest control; pests; proteinases; proteins; rearing; toxicity; transgenic plants; weight gain; weight loss;     Show all 27 Subjects
Abstract:
... Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most important pests worldwide. Transgenic crops with toxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been deployed on a large scale to control this pest. The insecticidal activity of Bt is probably influenced by the insect midgut microbes, which vary across crop hosts and locations. Therefore, we examined the role of gut microbes in pathogenicity of Bt toxins ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12010-015-1841-6

31. Food safety aspects on ethnic foods: toxicological and microbial risks

Author:
Fusco, Vincenzina; Besten, Heidy MW den; Logrieco, Antonio F; Rodriguez, Fernando Perez; Skandamis, Panagiotis N; Stessl, Beatrix; Teixeira, Paula
Source:
Current opinion in food science 2015 v.6 pp. 24-32
ISSN:
2214-7993
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; allergens; food recalls; risk; traditional foods;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ethnic foods are becoming popular worldwide. Nevertheless, foodborne outbreaks and food recalls due to the contamination of these foods with pathogenic agents, toxins, undeclared allergens and hazardous chemical compounds are increasing in recent years together with their growing popularity. In this context, ad hoc prevention and control strategies are needed, to assess and face the emerging micro ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cofs.2015.11.010

32. Identification of the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene and expression in response to environmental stressors in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus

Author:
Kim, Bo-Mi; Jeong, Chang-Bum; Lee, Min Chul; Rhee, Jae-Sung; Lee, Jae-Seong
Source:
Marine genomics 2015 v.24 pp. 387-396
ISSN:
1874-7787
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Tigriopus japonicus; adults; animals; biocides; cell cycle; chemical structure; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; messenger RNA; metals; molting; nauplii; phylogeny; transcription (genetics); ultraviolet radiation;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... There have been no reports thus far on the structure or molecular characterization of the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene of aquatic animals. Herein we describe the identification of the Rb gene of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus. In silico analyses revealed the conserved Rb domains of T. japonicus with those of protostomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that orthologs of Rb gene were evolved ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.margen.2015.09.008

33. Internal quality control of an enzyme-linked immunoassay for Cry1Ab toxin detection applied in animal tissues

Author:
Takács, E.; Nagy, A.; Gelencsér, É.; Székács, A.
Source:
Acta alimentaria 2015 v.44 no.4 pp. 593-600
ISSN:
1588-2535
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; animal tissues; detection limit; environmental assessment; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; genetically modified organisms; quality control; regression analysis; vertebrates;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Reliable determination of microbial or transgenic Cry toxins is an essential issue in food and feed analyses, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are the method of choice for quantifying these toxins currently in food and environmental analysis. Internal Quality Control (IQC) is an indispensable method to assess accuracy, precision, and reproducibility of analytical measurements. To as ...
DOI:
10.1556/066.2015.44.0032

34. Investigation of a panel of monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal sera against anthrax toxins resulted in identification of an anti-lethal factor antibody with disease-enhancing characteristics

Author:
Kulshreshtha, Parul; Tiwari, Ashutosh; Priyanka,; Joon, Shikha; Sinha, Subrata; Bhatnagar, Rakesh
Source:
Molecular Immunology 2015 v.68 pp. 185-193
ISSN:
0161-5890
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; anthrax; edema; hybridomas; immunization; mice; monoclonal antibodies; polyclonal antibodies; spleen;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hybridomas were created using spleen of mice that were actively immunized with rLFn (recombinant N-terminal domain of lethal factor). Later on, separate group of mice were immunized with rLFn to obtain a polyclonal control for passive immunization studies of monoclonal antibodies. This led to the identification of one cohort of rLFn-immnized mice that harboured disease-enhancing polyclonal antibod ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.019

35. In vitro refolding and functional analysis of polyhistidine-tagged Buthus martensii Karsch antitumor-analgesic peptide produced in Escherichia coli

Author:
Cao, Qingxin; Lu, Wuguang; Cai, Xueting; Hu, Chunping; Wang, Chen; Ye, Juan; Yan, Huaijiang; Yang, Yang; Wang, Zhigang; Huo, Jiege; Liu, Yan; Yu, Ye; Ling, Changquan; Cao, Peng
Source:
Biotechnology letters 2015 v.37 no.12 pp. 2461-2466
ISSN:
0141-5492
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Buthus martensii; Escherichia coli; ganglia; hepatoma; humans; inclusion bodies; inhibitory concentration 50; mice; models; neurons; sodium;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVES: To identify an efficient in vitro refolding method to generate highly active His₆-tagged scorpion toxin antitumor-analgesic peptide (AGAP) isolated from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies. RESULTS: N- and C-Terminal His₆-tagged recombinant (r) AGAP (NHᵢₛ₆-rAGAP and CHᵢₛ₆-rAGAP, respectively) were expressed in E. coli; the purification and refolding conditions were optimized. CHᵢₛ₆-rAGAP ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10529-015-1936-8

36. Lupeol derivative mitigates Echis carinatus venom-induced tissue destruction by neutralizing venom toxins and protecting collagen and angiogenic receptors on inflammatory cells

Author:
Katkar, G.D.; Sharma, Rachana D.; Vishalakshi, G.J.; Naveenkumar, S.K.; Madhur, Gaurav; Thushara, R.M.; Narender, T.; Girish, K.S.; Kemparaju, K.
Source:
BBA - General Subjects 2015 v.1850 pp. 2393-2409
ISSN:
0304-4165
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Echis carinatus; acetates; adhesion; angiogenesis; animal models; chemokine receptors; collagen; cytokines; edema; hemorrhage; infancy; inflammation; integrins; lead; lupeol; metalloproteinases; mononuclear leukocytes; neutralization; oxidative stress; pharmacology; tissue repair; venoms; India;     Show all 24 Subjects
Abstract:
... Echis carinatus bite is a serious threat in South-Asian countries including India, as it causes highest number of deaths and terrifying long-term tissue destruction at the bitten site. Although venom metalloproteinases and hyaluronidases are the suggested key players, studies on the effect of venom on polymorphonuclear cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and platelets, and their role in long ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.011

37. Modeling trade‐offs between plant fiber and toxins: a framework for quantifying risks perceived by foraging herbivores

Author:
Camp, Meghan J.; Shipley, Lisa A.; Johnson, Timothy R.; Forbey, Jennifer Sorensen; Rachlow, Janet L.; Crowell, Miranda M.
Source:
Ecology 2015 v.96 no.12 pp. 3292-3302
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; cineole; diet; food choices; foraging; habitat preferences; habitats; herbivores; landscapes; models; plant fibers; predation; rabbits; relative risk; risk perception; starvation; thermal stress; toxicity;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... When selecting habitats, herbivores must weigh multiple risks, such as predation, starvation, toxicity, and thermal stress, forcing them to make fitness trade‐offs. Here, we applied the method of paired comparisons (PC) to investigate how herbivores make trade‐offs between habitat features that influence selection of food patches. The method of PC measures utility and the inverse of utility, relat ...
DOI:
10.1890/14-2412.1

38. Monitoring in real time the cytotoxic effect of Clostridium difficile upon the intestinal epithelial cell line HT29

Author:
Valdés, Lorena; Gueimonde, Miguel; Ruas-Madiedo, Patricia
Source:
Journal of microbiological methods 2015 v.119 pp. 66-73
ISSN:
0167-7012
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; risk; human cell lines; humans; antibiotics; drugs; cytotoxicity; monitoring; models; Clostridium difficile; intestinal mucosa; patients; screening; median effective concentration; culture media; pathogens;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... The incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) has been increased not only among hospitalized patients, but also in healthy individuals traditionally considered as low risk population. Current treatment of CDI involves the use of antibiotics to eliminate the pathogen, although recurrent relapses have also been reported. For this reason, the search of new antimicrobials is a v ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.mimet.2015.09.022

39. Novel genetic factors involved in resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Plutella xylostella

Author:
Ayra‐Pardo, C.; Raymond, B.; Gulzar, A.; Rodríguez‐Cabrera, L.; Morán‐Bertot, I.; Crickmore, N.; Wright, D. J.
Source:
Insect molecular biology 2015 v.24 no.6 pp. 589-600
ISSN:
0962-1075
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Bacillus thuringiensis; Plutella xylostella; at-risk population; cyclin-dependent kinase; entomopathogens; evolution; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; hatching; ingestion; insects; larvae; midgut; models; pathogenicity; pest control; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; suppression subtractive hybridization;     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... The widespread and sustainable exploitation of the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in pest control is threatened by the evolution of resistance. Although resistance is often associated with loss of binding of the Bt toxins to the insect midgut cells, other factors have been implicated. Here we used suppressive subtractive hybridization and gene expression suppression to identify additio ...
DOI:
10.1111/imb.12186

40. Pathogenesis of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp

Author:
Lai, Hung-Chiao; Ng, Tze Hann; Ando, Masahiro; Lee, Chung-Te; Chen, I-Tung; Chuang, Jie-Cheng; Mavichak, Rapeepat; Chang, Sheng-Hsiung; Yeh, Mi-De; Chiang, Yi-An; Takeyama, Haruko; Hamaguchi, Hiro-o; Lo, Chu-Fang; Aoki, Takashi; Wang, Han-Ching
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2015 v.47 no.2 pp. 1006-1014
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Raman spectroscopy; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; antibiotics; bacteria; culture media; epithelial cells; financial economics; hepatopancreas; histopathology; minimum inhibitory concentration; mortality; pathogenesis; plasmids; shrimp; shrimp culture; stomach; toxicity; virulence;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), also called early mortality syndrome (EMS), is a recently emergent shrimp bacterial disease that has resulted in substantial economic losses since 2009. AHPND is known to be caused by strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that contain a unique virulence plasmid, but the pathology of the disease is still unclear. In this study, we show that AHPND-causin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.008

41. Photosensitisation of livestock grazing Narthecium ossifragum: Current knowledge and future directions

Author:
Pollock, Meg L.; Wishart, Harriet; Holland, John P.; Malone, Frank E.; Waterhouse, Anthony
Source:
The veterinary journal 2015 v.206 no.3 pp. 275-283
ISSN:
1090-0233
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Narthecium ossifragum; adults; animal breeding; animal production; animal welfare; death; ears; edema; erythema; etiology; face; fungal spores; grazing; hepatotoxicity; heritability; ingestion; lambs; necrosis; pastures; photosensitivity; saponins; secondary infection; Europe;     Show all 24 Subjects
Abstract:
... Photosensitisation diseases can cause production and animal welfare losses world-wide. In North-West Europe a photosensitisation disease complex known as ‘plochteach’, ‘yellowses’, ‘saut’ and ‘alveld’ occurs in lambs on extensive pastures containing bog asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum). Affected lambs develop lesions on the ears, face and sometimes the back, with erythema, oedema, ulceration and n ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.07.022

42. Protection Against Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens by Regulated Delayed Lysis Salmonella Vaccines

Author:
Jiang, Yanlong; Mo, Hua; Willingham, Crystal; Wang, Shifeng; Park, Jie-yeun; Kong, Wei; Roland, Kenneth L.; Curtiss, Roy
Source:
Avian diseases 2015 v.59 no.4 pp. 475-485
ISSN:
0005-2086
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Clostridium perfringens; Salmonella; antibodies; broiler chickens; hatcheries; immune response; immunization; immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin M; immunoglobulin Y; necrotic enteritis; poultry diseases; vaccines; virulence;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Gram-positive Clostridium perfringens type A strains, has gained more attention in the broiler industry due to governmental restrictions affecting the use of growth-promoting antibiotics in feed. To date, there is only one commercial NE vaccine available, based on the C. perfringens alpha toxin. However, recent work has suggested that the NetB toxin, not alpha to ...
DOI:
10.1637/11094-041715-Reg

43. Spatial distribution of toxic Alexandrium tamiyavanichii (Dinophyceae) in the southeastern South China Sea-Sulu Sea: A molecular-based assessment using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay

Author:
Kon, Nyuk Fong; Teng, Sing Tung; Hii, Kieng Soon; Yek, Leh Hie; Mujahid, Aazani; Lim, Hong Chang; Lim, Po Teen; Leaw, Chui Pin
Source:
Harmful algae 2015 v.50 pp. 8-20
ISSN:
1568-9883
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Alexandrium; European Union; bioaccumulation; detection limit; genes; halogens; hydrolysis; internal transcribed spacers; microalgae; monitoring; ozone; paralytic shellfish poisoning; plankton; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal RNA; shellfish; stratosphere; toxicity; transcription (genetics); Borneo; China; South China Sea;     Show all 24 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this study, a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay targeting the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the nuclear-encoded ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) was developed for Alexandrium tamiyavanichii, a harmful tropical marine dinoflagellate. This species is of concern because it produces toxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). The qPCR assay employed hydrolysis probe technol ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.hal.2015.10.002

44. The challenge of Clostridium difficile infection: Overview of clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools and therapeutic options

Author:
Postma, Nynke; Kiers, Dorien; Pickkers, Peter
Source:
International journal of antimicrobial agents 2015 v.46 pp. S47
ISSN:
0924-8579
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Clostridium difficile; carrier state; colitis; diagnostic techniques; diarrhea; disease control; histology; metronidazole; patients; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); surgery; vancomycin;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... The most important infectious cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and colitis is Clostridium difficile, which is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming, toxin-producing bacillus. In this overview we will discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients presenting with suspected or proven C. difficile infection (CDI). The clinical spectrum varies from asymptomatic C. difficile ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.11.001

45. Typhlocolitis associated with Clostridium difficile ribotypes 078 and 110 in neonatal piglets from a commercial Irish pig herd

Author:
McElroy, Máire C.; Hill, Martin; Moloney, Geraldine; Mac Aogáin, Micheál; McGettrick, Shane; O’Doherty, Áine; Rogers, Thomas R.
Source:
Irish veterinary journal 2015 v.69 no.1 pp. 10
ISSN:
2046-0481
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Clostridium difficile; diarrhea; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; herds; livestock and meat industry; necropsy; piglets; ribotypes; sows;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile is a recognised cause of typhlocolitis and diarrhoea in neonatal pigs but has never been confirmed in association with pathology and disease in Irish pigs. CASE PRESENTATION: Four neonatal piglets, with a history of diarrhoea were referred to the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Backweston for necropsy. They were from a fully integrated, commercial pig farm ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13620-016-0070-9
PubMed:
27547375
PubMed Central:
PMC4992205

46. Ultrafast sol–gel synthesis of graphene aerogel materials

Author:
Lim, Matthew B.; Hu, Matthew; Manandhar, Sandeep; Sakshaug, Avery; Strong, Adam; Riley, Leah; Pauzauskie, Peter J.
Source:
Carbon 2015 v.95 pp. 616-624
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; acetonitrile; adsorbents; crystallites; drying; electrical conductivity; electrochemistry; electrodes; gels; graphene; graphene oxide; manufacturing; photovoltaic cells; pyrolysis; spectroscopy; temperature;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Graphene aerogels derived from graphene-oxide (GO) starting materials recently have been shown to exhibit a combination of high electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and low cost that has enabled a range of electrochemical applications. Standard synthesis protocols for manufacturing graphene aerogels require the use of sol–gel chemical reactions that are maintained at high temperatures for ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2015.08.037

47. Bidirectional Transformation of a Metamorphic Protein between the Water-Soluble and Transmembrane Native States

Author:
Tanaka, Koji; Caaveiro, Jose M. M.; Tsumoto, Kouhei
Source:
Biochemistry 2015 v.54 no.46 pp. 6863-6866
ISSN:
1520-4995
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; cell death; detergents; membrane proteins; nanopores; physicochemical properties; thermodynamics;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The bidirectional transformation of a protein between its native water-soluble and integral transmembrane conformations is demonstrated for FraC, a hemolytic protein of the family of pore-forming toxins. In the presence of biological membranes, the water-soluble conformation of FraC undergoes a remarkable structural reorganization generating cytolytic transmembrane nanopores conducive to cell deat ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01112

48. Complete genome sequence of Photorhabdus temperata subsp. thracensis 39-8T, an entomopathogenic bacterium for the improved commercial bioinsecticide

Author:
Kwak, Yunyoung; Shin, Jae-Ho
Source:
Journal of biotechnology 2015 v.214 pp. 115-116
ISSN:
0168-1656
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; Photorhabdus; biopesticides; chromosomes; entomopathogenic bacteria; entomopathogenic nematodes; insects; nucleotide sequences; pathogenicity; pest control;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Photorhabdus temperata subsp. thracensis 39-8T, a symbiotic bacterium from an entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, is a novel bacterium harboring insect pathogenicity. Herein, we present the complete genome sequence of strain 39-8T, which consists of one circular chromosome of 5,147,098bp with a GC content of 44.10%. This genetic information will provide insights into biotechno ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.09.024

49. Diversification of β-Augmentation Interactions between CDI Toxin/Immunity Proteins

Author:
Morse, Robert P.; Willett, Julia L.E.; Johnson, Parker M.; Zheng, Jing; Credali, Alfredo; Iniguez, Angelina; Nowick, James S.; Hayes, Christopher S.; Goulding, Celia W.
Source:
Journal of molecular biology 2015 v.427 no.23 pp. 3766-3784
ISSN:
0022-2836
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Escherichia coli; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis; bacteria; evolution; growth retardation; hydrophobicity; immunity; proteins;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) is a widespread mechanism of inter-bacterial competition mediated by the CdiB/CdiA family of two-partner secretion proteins. CdiA effectors carry diverse C-terminal toxin domains (CdiA-CT), which are delivered into neighboring target cells to inhibit growth. CDI⁺ bacteria also produce CdiI immunity proteins that bind specifically to cognate CdiA-CT toxins ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jmb.2015.09.020
PubMed:
26449640
PubMed Central:
PMC4658667

50. Multi-toxin resistance enables pink bollworm survival on pyramided Bt cotton

Author:
Fabrick, Jeffrey A.; Unnithan, Gopalan C.; Yelich, Alex J.; DeGain, Ben; Masson, Luke; Zhang, Jie; Carriere, Yves; Tabashnik, Bruce E.
Source:
Scientific reports 2015 v.5 no.16554
ISSN:
2045-2322
Subject:
toxins,   etc   ; Bacillus thuringiensis; Pectinophora gossypiella; bacterial proteins; bolls; cotton; crops; crossing; ecosystem services; evolution; insect pests; loci; pest resistance; population; risk; transgenic plants; India; United States;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins kill key insect pests, providing economic and environmental benefits. However, the evolution of pest resistance threatens the continued success of such Bt crops. To delay or counter resistance, transgenic plant "pyramids" producing two or more Bt proteins that kill the same pest have been adopted extensively. Field populations of the ...
Handle:
10113/61668
DOI:
10.1038/srep16554
PubMed:
26559899
PubMed Central:
PMC5156061