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1. Factual and normative dissent in media debates about climate policy

Author:
Betz, Gregor
Source:
Climatic change 2015 v.133 no.3 pp. 551-556
ISSN:
0165-0009
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; attitudes and opinions; climate change; environmental policy;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... This is a brief, modest comment on Schmidt and Schäfer’s discourse analysis of dominant normative views in the climate policy debate. I take their empirical findings as a starting point to reflect on the way democratic societies should handle normative and factual dissent in policy deliberation. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10584-015-1489-9

2. A framework of numerical simulation on moraine-dammed glacial lake outburst floods

Author:
Zhang, Xiujuan; Liu, Shiyin
Source:
Journal of Arid Land 2015 v.7 no.6 pp. 728-740
ISSN:
1674-6767
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; arid lands; disasters; floods; hydrograph; infrastructure; lakes; livelihood; mathematical models; uncertainty; watersheds; China;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Glacial outburst floods (GLOFs) in alpine regions tend to be relatively complicated, multi-stage catastrophes, capable of causing significant geomorphologic changes in channel surroundings and posing severe threats to infrastructure and the safety and livelihoods of human communities. GLOF disasters have been observed and potential hazards can be foreseen due to the newly formed glacial lakes or t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s40333-015-0133-x

3. From Disease to Holiness: Religious-based health remedies of Italian folk medicine (XIX-XX century)

Author:
Romeo, Nelide; Gallo, Olivier; Tagarelli, Giuseppe
Source:
Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine 2015 v.11 no.1 pp. 50
ISSN:
1746-4269
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; health beliefs; landscapes; oils; pain; religion; traditional medicine; Italy;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The relationship between spirituality, religion and medicine has been recognized since antiquity. Despite large differences in their history, society, economy and cultures human communities shared a common belief that spirituality and religion played an important role in the healing of diseases. METHODS: The study of religious remedies used by Italian folk medicine in order to treat di ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13002-015-0037-z

4. Considering the impact of climate change on human communities significantly alters the outcome of species and site‐based vulnerability assessments

Author:
Segan, Daniel B.; Hole, David G.; Donatti, Camila I.; Zganjar, Chris; Martin, Shaun; Butchart, Stuart H. M.; Watson, James E. M.; Richardson, David
Source:
Diversity & distributions 2015 v.21 no.9 pp. 1101-1111
ISSN:
1366-9516
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; anthropogenic activities; biodiversity; birds; climate; climate change; human behavior; humans; people; risk; Southern Africa;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... AIM: Human activities are largely responsible for the processes that threaten biodiversity, yet potential changes in human behaviour as a response to climate change are ignored in most species and site‐based vulnerability assessments (VAs). Here we assess how incorporation of the potential impact of climate change on humans alters our view of vulnerability when using well‐established site and spec ...
DOI:
10.1111/ddi.12355

5. Incorporating critical elements of city distinctiveness into urban biodiversity conservation

Author:
Parker, Sophie S.
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2015 v.24 no.3 pp. 683-700
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; biodiversity; cities; ecosystems; habitats; landscapes; planning; scientists; threatened species; urban areas; urban development;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... The conservation of biological diversity is closely linked with the fate of the world’s cities. While the protection of sensitive and threatened species and habitats has often taken place in natural landscapes largely devoid of people, strategies for preserving the Earth’s biodiversity that can be employed within cities are likely to become more common as urban areas continue to increase in size a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-014-0832-1

6. Bacterial economics: Adaptation to stress conditions via stage-wise changes in the response mechanism

Author:
Baranyi, J.; Metris, A.; George, S.M.
Source:
Food microbiology 2015 v.45 pp. 162-166
ISSN:
0740-0020
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; Escherichia coli; acclimation; case studies; economics; food microbiology; mathematical models; osmotic stress; population dynamics;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Common features of microbial adaptation are analysed with mathematical models and extended to stress conditions when the bacterial population declines before growing again. A parallel is drawn between bacterial and human communities in terms of non-mutation-based adaptation (acclimation) to stress. For a case study, the behaviour of Escherichia coli under osmotic stress, is detailed. It is suggest ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fm.2014.05.023

7. Opportunistic management of estuaries under climate change: A new adaptive decision-making framework and its practical application

Author:
Peirson, William; Davey, Erica; Jones, Alan; Hadwen, Wade; Bishop, Keith; Beger, Maria; Capon, Samantha; Fairweather, Peter; Creese, Bob; Smith, Timothy F.; Gray, Leigh; Tomlinson, Rodger
Source:
Journal of environmental management 2015 v.163 pp. 214-223
ISSN:
0301-4797
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; case studies; climate change; decision making; ecological restoration; ecosystems; estuaries; governance; infrastructure; managers; stakeholders; sustainable development;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ongoing coastal development and the prospect of severe climate change impacts present pressing estuary management and governance challenges. Robust approaches must recognise the intertwined social and ecological vulnerabilities of estuaries. Here, a new governance and management framework is proposed that recognises the integrated social-ecological systems of estuaries so as to permit transformati ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.021

8. Dynamics of change in multiethnic societies: An archaeological perspective from colonial North America

Author:
Lightfoot, Kent G.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 v.112 no.30 pp. 9216-9223
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; acculturation; archaeology; highlands; labor; models; multicultural diversity; politics; Central America; China; Middle East; North America; Peru;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... This Perspective presents an overview of the archaeology of pluralistic colonies (approximately late 1500s–1800s) in North America. It complements the other special feature papers in this issue on ancient societies in Mesoamerica, the Near East, the Armenian Highlands, Peru, and China by presenting another body of literature for examining the dynamics of change in multiethnic societies from a diff ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1422190112
PubMed:
25870288
PubMed Central:
PMC4522790

9. Investigating Causal Pathways Linking Site-Level Characteristics, Compliance, and Ecological Performance in Caribbean MPAs

Author:
Dalton, Tracey; Pollnac, Richard; Forrester, Graham
Source:
Coastal Management 2015 v.43 no.3 pp. 329-341
ISSN:
1521-0421
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; community development; compliance; conservation areas; coral reefs; humans; interviews; issues and policy; politics; surveys; Caribbean;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence has linked improved ecological performance of social–ecological systems (SES) with better compliance with rules governing human activities. Researchers have proposed several key factors that motivate an individual to comply with resource use rules, including deterrence, social pressures, moral inclinations, and perceived legitimacy of rules and responsi ...
DOI:
10.1080/08920753.2015.1030332

10. Understanding spatial and temporal patterns of human–elephant conflict in Assam, India

Author:
Wilson, Scott; Davies, Tammy E.; Hazarika, Nandita; Zimmermann, Alexandra
Source:
Oryx 2015 v.49 no.1 pp. 140-149
ISSN:
1365-3008
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; Elephas maximus; data collection; diurnal variation; forests; humans; landscapes; plant density; plantations; socioeconomics; tea; villages; India;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Large-scale forest encroachment in Assam, India, has led to increasing levels of human–elephant conflict. Conflict mitigation is a priority for the survival of Asian elephants Elephas maximus throughout Asia. We analysed a 3-year dataset of elephant occurrence and related instances of human–elephant conflict, from two sites in Assam, and explored the relationships between the various effects of el ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0030605313000513

11. Bio-cultural heritage and biodiversity: emerging paradigms in conservation and planning

Author:
Rotherham, Ian D.
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2015 v.24 no.13 pp. 3405-3429
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; biodiversity; case studies; climate change; conservation programs; humans; inventories; landscapes; natural resources conservation; observational studies; planning; rural areas; traditions; wildlife; Europe;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... Long-term studies across Europe have clarified the eco-cultural nature of landscapes and their biodiversity, and the importance of bio-cultural heritage. This raises issues of the nature of ‘Nature’ for example, and of how perceptions of ‘natural’ landscapes may be misleading. Indeed, the lack of understanding of how ecological systems and their biodiversity relate to the cultural nature of landsc ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-015-1006-5

12. Engaging scientists: An online survey exploring the experience of innovative biotechnological approaches to controlling vector-borne diseases

Author:
Boëte, Christophe; Beisel, Uli; Reis Castro, Luísa; Césard, Nicolas; Reeves, R. Guy
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2015 v.8 no.1 pp. 414
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; Culicidae; arthropods; biotechnology; dengue; environmental engineering; insect pests; malaria; nanotechnology; pest control; public opinion; quantitative analysis; risk; scientists; stakeholders; surveys; synthetic biology; uncertainty; vector-borne diseases;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Pioneering technologies (e.g., nanotechnology, synthetic biology or climate engineering) are often associated with potential new risks and uncertainties that can become sources of controversy. The communication of information during their development and open exchanges between stakeholders is generally considered a key issue in their acceptance. While the attitudes of the public to nov ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-015-0996-x
PubMed:
26259589
PubMed Central:
PMC4530488

13. Integrated approach to the understanding of the degradation of an urban river: local perceptions, environmental parameters and geoprocessing

Author:
Collier, Carolina A.; Almeida Neto, Miguel S. de; Aretakis, Gabriela MA; Santos, Rangel E.; de Oliveira, Tiago H.; Mourão, José S.; Severi, William; El-Deir, Ana CA
Source:
Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine 2015 v.11 no.1 pp. 69
ISSN:
1746-4269
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; ecosystem services; ecosystems; environmental degradation; environmental factors; fecal bacteria; fish; geographic information systems; human population; interviews; laws and regulations; people; rivers; urban areas; urbanization; Brazil;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The use of interdisciplinary approaches such as the proposed report provides a broad understanding of the relationship between people and the environment, revealing reliable aspects not previously considered in the study of this relationship. This study compiled evidence on the environmental degradation of an urbanized river over the past few decades, providing a diagnosis of the conse ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13002-015-0054-y
PubMed:
26370116
PubMed Central:
PMC4570036

14. What is required in terms of mass drug administration to interrupt the transmission of schistosome parasites in regions of endemic infection?

Author:
Anderson, RM; Turner, HC; Farrell, SH; Yang, Jie; Truscott, JE
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2015 v.8 no.1 pp. 553
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; World Health Organization; basic reproduction number; drugs; eggs; helminths; model validation; models; schistosomiasis; school children; surveys; uncertainty; young adults; Kenya;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis is endemic in 54 countries, but has one of the lowest coverages by mass drug administration of all helminth diseases. However, with increasing drug availability through donation, the World Health Organisation has set a goal of increasing coverage to 75 % of at-risk children in endemic countries and elimination in some regions. In this paper, we assess the impact on schi ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-015-1157-y
PubMed:
26489831
PubMed Central:
PMC4618750

15. Molecular evidence of use of hide glue in 4th millennium BC Europe

Author:
Bleicher, Niels; Kelstrup, Christian; Olsen, Jesper V.; Cappellini, Enrico
Source:
Journal of archaeological science 2015 v.63 pp. 65-71
ISSN:
0305-4403
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; Taxus baccata; archaeology; bark; byproducts; cattle; collagen; dendrochronology; fish; hides and skins; mass spectrometry; slaughter; trees; value added; Switzerland;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... A well-preserved bow, dated by dendrochronology to 3176–3153 BC, was found at the waterlogged Neolithic site “Parkhaus Opéra” in Zurich (Switzerland). The surface of the bow, made of yew (Taxus baccata), was decorated with bark strips from a different, broad-leaved, tree species. In order to investigate whether the bark decoration was fixed to the bow with hide or fish glue, mass spectrometry (MS) ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jas.2015.08.012

16. Cryptosporidium and Giardia removal by secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment

Author:
Taran-Benshoshan, Marina; Ofer, Naomi; Dalit, Vaizel-Ohayon; Aharoni, Avi; Revhun, Menahem; Nitzan, Yeshayahu; Nasser, Abidelfatah M.
Source:
Journal of environmental science and health 2015 v.50 no.12 pp. 1265-1273
ISSN:
1532-4117
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; Cryptosporidium; Giardia; detection limit; effluents; fluorescence; genotype; oocysts; pathogenicity; polymerase chain reaction; public health; sampling; turbidity; viability; wastewater; wastewater treatment;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Wastewater disposal may be a source of environmental contamination by Cryptosporidium and Giardia . This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in raw and treated wastewater effluents. A prevalence of 100% was demonstrated for Giardia cysts in raw wastewater, at a concentration range of 10 to 12,225 cysts L ⁻¹, whereas the concentration of Crypt ...
DOI:
10.1080/10934529.2015.1055152

17. A revolution without people? Closing the people–policy gap in aquaculture development

Author:
Krause, Gesche; Brugere, Cecile; Diedrich, Amy; Ebeling, Michael W.; Ferse, Sebastian C.A.; Mikkelsen, Eirik; Pérez Agúndez, José A.; Stead, Selina M.; Stybel, Nardine; Troell, Max
Source:
Aquaculture 2015 v.447 pp. 44-55
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; aquaculture; aquaculture industry; aquatic environment; ecosystems; food security; health foods; human health; income; international organizations; issues and policy; nutrition; people; planning; risk; social impact;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Failure of the blue revolution is a global risk. The international problem is that there is a gap in knowledge exchange between the aquaculture industry, policy makers trying to support aquaculture development and people who depend on aquaculture for a job and/or food source. Thus, governments and international organizations promoting aquaculture as the solution to improving food security, nutriti ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.02.009

18. Amazonian freshwater habitats experiencing environmental and socioeconomic threats affecting subsistence fisheries

Author:
Alho, Cleber J. R.; Reis, Roberto E.; Aquino, Pedro P. U.
Source:
Ambio 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 412-425
ISSN:
0044-7447
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; aquatic organisms; biodiversity; cattle; dams (hydrology); deforestation; fishery resources; forests; freshwater; freshwater ecosystems; habitats; infrastructure; logging; mining; overfishing; pastures; rain; risk; rivers; Amazon River;     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... Matching the trend seen among the major large rivers of the globe, the Amazon River and its tributaries are facing aquatic ecosystem disruption that is affecting freshwater habitats and their associated biodiversity, including trends for decline in fishery resources. The Amazon’s aquatic ecosystems, linked natural resources, and human communities that depend on them are increasingly at risk from a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13280-014-0610-z
PubMed:
25572836
PubMed Central:
PMC4510326

19. Tourism positioning using decision support system (case study: Chahnime—Zabol, Iran)

Author:
Erfani, Malihe; Afrougheh, Shahram; Ardakani, Tahereh; Sadeghi, Asiyeh
Source:
Environmental earth sciences 2015 v.74 no.4 pp. 3135-3144
ISSN:
1866-6280
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; case studies; decision support systems; ecotourism; freshwater; lakes; people; planning; politics; ponds; residential areas; roads; soil; surface water; vegetation; Iran;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... In recent decades, social–economic growth and developments have led to human communities toward the creation of tourism opportunities, which are likely to be considered as ways of spending leisure and reducing the impacts of tensions resulting from a rigorous urban and industrial life. Of the variety of regions in Iran, the southeastern regions may be considered as one of the tourism spots in Iran ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12665-015-4365-z

20. Assessment of settlement models for engagement of communities in forest land under claim in Jessievale and Roburna communities in Mpumalanga, South Africa

Author:
Chirwa, Paxie W.; Mamba, Samkelo; Manda, Samuel O.M.; Babalola, Folaranmi D.
Source:
Land use policy 2015 v.46 pp. 65-74
ISSN:
0264-8377
Subject:
human communities,   etc   ; data collection; forest communities; forestry; forests; grazing; households; land ownership; land use; leasing; models; plantations; private lands; public ownership; questionnaires; South Africa;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... An estimated 40% of privately owned plantations are subject to land claims, and 70% of State-owned plantations are under claim in South Africa. The study therefore identified the settlement models for future engagement of communities in forestry with forest land under claim. In total, 231 households were purposively sampled at Jessievale (n=100) and Roburna (n=131) where the primary data was colle ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.01.021