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... ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediate active efflux of natural and synthetic toxicants and are considered to be important for drug tolerance in microorganisms. In biological control agents (BCA), ABC transporters can play important roles in antagonism by providing protection against toxins derived from the fungal prey and by mediating the secretion of endogenous toxins. In the present st ...
Macrocentrus; Magnoliopsida; Ostrinia nubilalis; Trichogramma brassicae; adults; biological control; biological control agents; cocoons; corn; economic analysis; eggs; environmental impact; females; longevity; males; oviposition; parasitism; parasitoids; progeny; Asia; Europe; North America
Abstract:
... We examined whether Macrocentrus cingulum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Asian origin could serve as a biological control agent of the maize pest Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Europe. M. cingulum is already present in Europe, where it does not parasitize O. nubilalis but Ostriniascapulalis, a related species feeding on wild dicotyledons. In contrast, M. cingulum have been imported f ...
... Orius sauteri (Poppius) is an important hemipterous predator that has been mass-reared for biological control of numerous pests in protected crop-production systems. To find a good oviposition substrate for mass-rearing this predator under insectary conditions [25°C, 65 ± 5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h], we compared kidney bean, soybean, broad bean sprouts and fresh leaves ...
Castanea; Dryocosmus kuriphilus; Megastigmus; Torymus; biological control; natural enemies; parasitoids; United States
Abstract:
... The Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), is a globally invasive pest of Castanea. Population regulators and geographic range expansion of the Asian chestnut gall wasp in North America with focus on natural enemy recruitment have been evaluated. After the initial discovery of the gall wasp in the U.S., there were biological control releases that included Megasti ...
... The objectives of this work were to assess the optimum conditions for induction of acid tolerance in the marine yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenum and evaluate the biocontrol activity of non-adapted and acid-adapted yeasts in controlling apple blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum. R. paludigenum grown in malic and lactic acid treatments were stimulated after 12 h incubation. Moreover, medium mod ...
... Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived compounds acting as key signaling compounds in plant stress responses and development. The JA co-receptor complex and several enzymes of JA biosynthesis have been crystallized, and various JA signal transduction pathways including cross-talk to most of the plant hormones have been intensively studied. Defense to herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens are mediated ...
Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares; José Humberto de Queiróz; Fabio Ribeiro Braga; Alexandre de Oliveira Tavela; Juliana Milani Araújo; Leandro Abreu da Fonseca; Angélica de Souza Gouveia; Jackson Victor de Araújo
... The ovicidal action of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4) was evaluated on Dioctophyma renale eggs under laboratory conditions (Assay A). Next, the enzymatic action of proteases and chitinases produced by P. chlamydosporia (VC4) was evaluated on D. renale eggs, under laboratory conditions (Assay B). At the end of the experiment, there was difference (p < 0.01) in the destructio ...
... Adenylate cyclase (AC) is a core element of cAMP signalling network. Here we show functional diversity and differentiation of Beauveria bassiana AC (BbAC) and Metarhizium robertsii AC (MrAC). Severe growth defects occurred in ΔBbAC and ΔMrAC grown on nutrition-rich SDAY and several minimal media but were largely alleviated by adding cAMP to SDAY. Conidial yield increased greatly in ΔBbAC but decre ...
... Mosquito-borne diseases with an economic impact create loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. Mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Extracts from plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents because they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds tha ...
... Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, are environmentally friendly biocontrol agents (BCAs) against various arthropod pests. We provide an overview to the past-decade advances in fungal BCA research and application in China. Since 1960s, fungal BCAs have been mass-produced for application and at present, thousands of tons of their formulations are annually ...
... Chromium (Cr) may cause losses in the yield of field plant, which is one of the favorite habitats of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The purposes of our study were to assess the Cr(VI)-resistance and Cr(VI)-reducing abilities of an indigenous soil isolate of Bt and to determine the factors governing Cr(VI) reduction. Towards this end a novel dichromate-reducing Bt BRC-ZYR2, characterized with insecti ...
... Biological control of the fungus Aspergillus flavus has been shown to be effective in reducing aflatoxin contamination in corn. This study compared field application of a bioplastic-based formulation for delivering atoxigenic A. flavus isolates in Northern Italy and the Mississippi Delta.Due to an extremely hot and dry summer at the Italy site in 2012, aflatoxin contamination was approximately sev ...
... The fruit fly, Bactrocera invadens is an alien invasive pest of mango in Africa. The predatory African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda is being promoted for managing B. invadens and classical biological control with the Opiine parasitoid, Fopius arisanus is also underway. The current study investigated interactions between these two natural enemies. Specifically we assessed whether semiochemicals ...
Tyto alba; agricultural land; biological control; data collection; economic policy; models; nesting; predation; profitability; rodent control; rodenticides; rodents; vertebrate pests; Israel
Abstract:
... We develop a model to evaluate the profitability of controlling rodent damage by placing barn owl nesting boxes in agricultural areas. The model incorporates the spatial patterns of barn owl predation pressure on rodents, and the impact of this predation pressure on nesting choices and agricultural output. We apply the model to data collected in Israel and find the installation of nesting boxes pr ...
... Lecanicillium lecanii has been used in the biological control of several insects in agricultural practice. Since the gene manipulation tools for this entomopathogenic fungus have not been sufficiently developed, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) in L. lecanii was investigated in this study, using the wild-type isolate FZ9906 as a progenitor strain and the hygromycin B resist ...
... The forecasted 9.1 billion population in 2050 will require an increase in food production for an additional two billion people. There is thus an active debate on new farming practices that could produce more food in a sustainable way. Here, we list agroecological cropping practices in temperate areas. We classify practices according to efficiency, substitution, and redesign. We analyse their advan ...
Neoseiulus californicus; Phytoseiulus persimilis; air temperature; biological control; cold storage; energy requirements; females; habitats; predatory mites; vapor pressure; water vapor
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Humidity‐controlled cold storage, in which the water vapour pressure is saturated, can prolong the survival of the predatory mites Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias‐Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae). However, information on the optimum air temperature for long‐term storage by this method is limited. The authors evaluated the survival of mated adult femal ...
... Conidiobolus thromboides is an entomophthoralean fungus with potential as a biological control agent of aphids. However, its application in biological control is limited due to its formulation requirements. The objective of this study was to develop and optimise a novel air-extrusion method to embed C. thromboides hyphae at high density in alginate pellets. An orthogonal experimental design was us ...
... Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is widely used for the biological control of mosquito populations. However, the mechanism of Bti toxins is still not fully understood. To further elucidate the mechanism of Bti toxins, we developed an Aedes aegypti resistant strain that shows high-level resistance to Cry11Aa toxin. After 27 selections with Cry11Aa toxin, the larvae showed a 124-fold ...
... Tiphia vernalis Rohwer and Tiphia popilliavora Rohwer were introduced as biocontrol agents against Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman) and oriental beetles (Anomala orientalis Waterhouse). Studies have shown that under field conditions, T. vernalis parasitize Japanese beetles more often than oriental beetles. This study was done to understand how tiphiid wasps handle the two different host ...
... We assembled antennal transcriptomes of pest Monochamus alternatus and its parasitoid Dastarcus helophoroides to identify the members of the major chemosensory multi-gene families. Gene ontology (GO) annotation indicated that the relative abundance of transcripts associated with specific GO terms was highly similar in the two species. In chemosensory gene families, we identified 52 transcripts enc ...
... In African cocoa agroforestry systems, ants represent the most important part of arboreal arthropod biomass and play a crucial role in ecosystem functioning. The more abundant are supposed to be involved in crop pest regulation. However, the lack of knowledge about ecological interactions between ants and their habitat, including other ant species of the community, leaded to contradictory views on ...
... The relationship between two natural enemies of Coccus viridis (green coffee scale), an important hempiteran coffee pest was determined using a combination of experimental and observational approaches. Adult and larval forms of Azya orbigera, a coccinellid beetle predator were included on leaves of coffee plants with healthy scale populations resulting in lower proportions of scales infected with ...
... This study aimed to develop a biocontrol system for ginseng root rot caused by Fusarium cf. incarnatum.In total, 392 bacteria isolated from ginseng roots and various soils were screened for their antifungal activity against the fungal pathogen, and a bacterial isolate (B2-5) was selected as a promising candidate for the biocontrol because of the strong antagonistic activity of the bacterial cell s ...
... The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize bacterial strains associated with the gut of the hybrid Carniolan honey bee, Apis mellifera carnica, and to determine their in vitro and in vivo potential against Ascosphaera apis, the causal organism of chalkbrood disease, with the purpose of exploring feasible biological control. Six bacterial strains were isolated from healthy worker h ...
... Trichoderma is a well-known antagonist against soilborne plant pathogens. However, the species and even various isolates have different biocontrol potential. To evaluate the antagonistic activities of Trichoderma harzianum , T. harzianum strain T100 (T100), T. viride and T. haematum against Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum , we used dual culture and productions of volatile and non-volatile m ...
Acremonium; Aureobasidium pullulans; Cladosporium; Fusarium culmorum; Fusarium head blight; Penicillium; biological control; biological control agents; cell aggregates; filling period; fungi; greenhouse experimentation; hyphae; pathogens; scanning electron microscopy; seeds; winter wheat
Abstract:
... The effect of the biological control agent Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) G. Arnaud on the development of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on winter wheat and kernel contamination with fungi of the genera Fusarium, Acremonium, Cladosporium and Penicillium was analyzed in a greenhouse experiment. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the distribution of A. pullulans cells and aggregates on ...
... Bakanae disease, caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, is the most important seedborne disease of rice. Biological control and physical treatments can be effective tools to control seedborne diseases. Sixty-two isolates of yeasts and yeast-like fungi were obtained from different rice seeds. Four yeast isolates were selected in dual culture assays for mycelial growth inhibition, and in seed tests for reduc ...
... Membrane biofouling, resulting from biofilm formation on the membrane, has become the main obstacle hindering wider application of membrane technology. Initial biofouling proves to be crucial which involves early stages of microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. Biological control of microbial attachment seems to be a promising strategy due to its high efficiency and eco-friendliness. The presen ...
... Metschnikowiaceae may show natural, strain-dependent antifungal properties, so they are employed in agriculture as natural, safe alternatives to pesticides. With this paper, we documented the ability of the recently described Metschnikowia IHEM 25107 to inhibit growth of several molds, including diverse Aspergillus species and dermatophytes. This biocontrol activity enables pulcherrimin-producing ...
... The antagonistic fungus Simplicillium lamellicola BCP has been developed as a microbial biopesticide that effectively controls the development of various plant diseases caused by both pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic fungi. Antibacterial bioassay-directed fractionation was used to isolate mannosyl lipids from S. lamellicola BCP, and the structures of these compounds were elucidated using spectra ...
... In central Oklahoma, winter canola (Brassica napus L.) has recently become the primary rotational winter crop with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Annual aphid pest outbreaks in canola have resulted in widespread application of insecticide. Insect parasitoids, which frequently suppress aphids in nearby wheat, may move to canola because of large numbers of aphids. These parasitoids probably will be e ...
Pseudomonas; Trichoderma koningii; anthracnose; bacterial wilt; biological control; field experimentation; fluorescence; villages; viruses; Indonesia
Abstract:
...
Major diseases on chili in Minahasa are bacterial wilt, anthracnose, and mosaic caused by virus infection. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effectiveness of two microbes, Trichoderma koningii and fluorescent Pseudomonas, as biocontrol agents for major diseases of chili. Field experiment was conducted in Toure Village, Tompaso Baru, District of Minahasa. The ...
... Although apomixis is the most common form of parthenogenesis in diplodiploid arthropods, it is uncommon in the haplodiploid insect order Hymenoptera. We found a new type of spontaneous apomixis in the Hymenoptera, completely lacking meiosis and the expulsion of polar bodies in egg maturation division, on the thelytokous strain of a parasitoid wasp Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Braconidae, Euph ...
... Sporisorium reilianum is the causal agent of head smut in corn, a worldwide disease that causes significant economic losses in the principal areas where maize is cultivated. To attack this problem, resistant commercial hybrids and synthetic fungicide seed treatment have been used, but with low effectiveness. In this study, a native strain of Bacillus subtilis isolated from the soil of corn crops i ...
... Clostridium perfringens is frequently found in food and the environment and produces potent toxins that have a negative impact on both human and animal health and particularly on the poultry industry. Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785, isolated from the chicken gastrointestinal tract, has been demonstrated to exclude Cl. perfringens in poultry. We have investigated the interaction of wild‐type Lact. ...
... Hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria (SPB) can spoil raw animal materials and release harmful hydrogen sulfide (H₂ S) gas. The objective of this study was to apply a SPB-specific bacteriophage cocktail to control H₂ S production by SPB in different raw poultry by-products in the laboratory (20, 30, and 37°C) and greenhouse (average temperature 29 to 31°C, humidity 34.8 to 59.8%, and light intensity ...
Castanea; Cryphonectria parasitica; biological control; coppicing; forests; fungi; horticulture; human resources; inoculum; orchards; silvicultural practices; tree age; viruses; Greece
Abstract:
... Since 1963 when chestnut blight was recorded for the first time in Greece, the disease has spread into all 29 chestnut growing prefectures. As a result the national, annual chestnut production was reduced from 18,000 tons in the 1960s to 11,000 tons in 2005. A project for the application of biological control on a nationwide scale was funded and implemented during the period 2007-2009. Hypovirulen ...
... Pseudomonas aureofaciens (30-84) is a phenazine producing bacterium and reported as asuccessful biocontrol agent of some plant fungal pathogens. In the present study, the possibility of biological control of cotton damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) through phenazine production by the 30-84 strain, was investigated. In the search for the development of bioformulations of Pa (m) (PhzR– ...
... Successful algal biomass cultivation at scale is a key limiting step for the production of algal biofuels and other high-value products, and crop protection against undesirable biomass losses will be a critically important component of commercialization efforts. If algal biomass production occurs in large, open, outdoor ponds, then it can be expected that invasions of these production facilities b ...
... The eastern foothills of the Cascade Range in Washington State, United States of America are west of the State’s major fruit-producing region. Alders (Alnus Hill (Betulaceae)), an important floristic component of riparian communities in the Cascade Range foothills, were surveyed for leafrolling caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) that might serve as alternate hosts for parasitoids of orchard p ...
... The effect of ascorbic acid (VC) on improving oxidative stress tolerance of Pichia caribbica and biocontrol efficacy against blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum on apples was investigated. P. caribbica showed susceptibility to the oxidative stress in vitro test, and 250 μg/mL VC treatment improved its oxidative stress tolerance. The higher viability exhibited by VC-treated yeast was associat ...
... During extensive surveys in fields heavily infested by broomrape in the Trakya Region‐Turkey, a different new fungus, Aspergillus alliaceus, was isolated from the infected broomrape. It is aimed to investigate whether or not it is really a pathogen for Orobanche. The fungi was exposed to a greenhouse environment in order to assess its pathogenicity and virulence against Orobanche cernua. In additi ...
... In this study we compared the efficiency of two Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) species, the indigenous T. euproctidis Girault and the cosmopolitan T. achaeae Nagaraja & Nagarkatti, for the biological control of the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Three release doses (25, 50 and 75 parasitoids/m²) for each species were tested in a two-year exper ...
... All entomopathogenic fungi infect insects by direct penetration through the cuticle rather than per os through the gut. Genetic transformation can confer fungi with per os virulence. However, unless the recipient isolate is nonpathogenic to the target insect, mortality caused by a transgenic isolate cannot be attributed solely to oral virulence due to the potential for some simultaneous cuticular ...
... The ability of a predator to discriminate against parasitized prey determines the extent of asymmetrical intraguild predation, which is often crucial for the outcome of biological control. Anagyrus nr. pseudococci (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), suffers from intraguild predation by coccinellids occurri ...
parasitoids; Lepidoptera; Hymenoptera; moths; natural enemies; Tachinidae; flowers; herbivores; crop yield; Malaise traps; alternative hosts; Angiospermae; biological control
Abstract:
... Flowering plants added to agricultural environments can provide food, shelter and alternative hosts for natural enemies and so increase crop yields. However, these same resources might be exploited by certain pests. Twelve species of plants known to attract parasitic Hymenoptera and Tachinidae and candidates for conservation biological control were examined for their attractiveness to Lepidoptera, ...
... Glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), is a vector of the xylem-inhabitant bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., which causes Pierce’s disease of grapevines. Current GWSS control strategies in California, USA include area-wide insecticide applications and mass release of mymarid egg parasitoids, including Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault. Gas chromatography–mass spec ...
... Augmentative on-farm delivery methods for the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to control the millet head miner (MHM) Heliocheilus albipunctella (de Joannis) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were investigated in Burkina Faso from 2011 to 2012 and in Niger in 2012. Our findings indicate that 7 cm × 10 cm jute bags containing 50 g of millet grains, 30 g of millet flour, 25 Corc ...