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You searched for: Publication Year 2013 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2013 Source 2013 v.67 no.5 Remove constraint Source: 2013 v.67 no.5 Subject models Remove constraint Subject: models
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1. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of lignin and lignin model compounds in Raman spectroscopy

Author:
Lähdetie, Anni; Nousiainen, Paula; Sipilä, Jussi; Tamminen, Tarja; Jääskeläinen, Anna-Stiina
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 531-538
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
Raman spectroscopy; fluorescence; lignin; models; pulp; spectral analysis; wavelengths; wood
Abstract:
... Raman spectroscopy is a technique that provides structural information on lignin and other components of wood and pulp in situ. However, especially lignin-containing samples may produce laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) that overlaps with Raman bands. In the worst case, this background signal can overwhelm the weaker Raman signal completely. In this study, the LIF of lignin was investigated with th ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0177

2. Evolution of mating systems and sexual size dimorphism in North American cyprinids

Author:
Pyron, M.; Pitcher, T. E.; Jacquemin, S. J.
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 747-756
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Cyprinidae; body size; dimorphism; females; fish; males; mating systems; models; phylogeny; spawning; sperm competition; testes
Abstract:
... Mating systems evolve with sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in many animals. Mating systems with males larger than females occur when males compete for female access or guard territories, while mating systems with group mating tend to occur in species where females are the same size or larger than males. In addition to variation in SSD with mating system, sperm competition varies among mating systems ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1498-5

3. The role of Donnan effect in kraft cooking liquor impregnation and hot water extraction of wood

Author:
Kuitunen, Susanna; Vuorinen, Tapani; Alopaeus, Ville
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 511-521
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
anions; cations; chemical bonding; cooking; dissociation; hydrogen ions; ion exchange; kinetics; mass transfer; models; reaction kinetics; uronic acids; wood; wood fibers
Abstract:
... In this article, a phenomenological model is proposed for alkali impregnation and hot water extraction of wood. Elementary reaction kinetics, ion exchange (IE) equilibrium, and mass transfer rates are considered in the model. IE is a consequence of the dissociation of the covalently bound uronic acid and phenolic groups in the wood fiber wall (FW). Due to this effect, the molality of cations is hi ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0187

4. Optimization of sulfuric acid-assisted glycerol pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse

Author:
Martín, Carlos; Puls, Jürgen; Schreiber, Andreas; Saake, Bodo
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 523-530
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
cellulose; enzymatic hydrolysis; experimental design; glycerol; hydrolysis; lignin; models; solubilization; sugarcane bagasse; sulfuric acid; synergism; temperature; xylan; xylose
Abstract:
... A combined pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with glycerol and sulfuric acid was investigated based on a central composite rotatable experimental design. The following factors were varied: temperature (150–199°C), time (0.69–2.3 h), H₂SO₄ concentration (0.0–1.1%), and glycerol concentration (55.4–79.6%). Xylans and lignin were considerably solubilized during pretreatment. Xylan solubilization, ran ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0179