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You searched for: Publication year rev 7987-2013 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 7987-2013 Subject term Scotland Remove constraint Subject term: Scotland
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1. 21st Century Crofting: Strengths and Opportunities for Community Development

Author:
Bryan J. Hains; Ronald Hustedde; Kristina G. Ricketts
Source:
Journal of agriculture, food systems, and community development 2013 v.3 no.3 pp. 47-60
ISSN:
2152-0801
Subject:
case studies; coasts; community development; farm tenancy; land ownership; land resources; land values; legal rights; markets; people; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... Scotland has one of the most uneven land ownership patterns in the world. In a country of 5.2 million people, about 969 people control 60% of the land. Over 20% of privately owned land in Scotland is held in some form of offshore or beneficial ownership (Committee on the Inquiry of Crofting, 2008). This land ownership pattern has a unique expression in the northern and western parts of the Scottis ...
DOI:
10.5304/jafscd.2013.033.002

2. A Conceptual Framework for the Evaluation of Fuel-Cell Energy Systems in the Uk Built Environment

Author:
Mohamed Abdel-Wahab; Dallia Ali
Source:
International journal of green energy 2013 v.10 no.2 pp. 137-150
ISSN:
1543-5083
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; buildings; energy efficiency; environmental impact; experts; fuel cells; guidelines; hydrogen; industry; renewable energy sources; wind; Scotland
Abstract:
... Energy-efficient buildings can reduce human impact on the environment. Energy efficiency is not only concerned with generating more energy using fewer resources, nor reducing energy usage, but also it is about harnessing natural resources, such as wind and sun, to produce energy. The UK government is thus promoting the adoption of renewable energy in buildings. The Fuel-Cell Energy Systems (FCES), ...
DOI:
10.1080/15435075.2011.642089

3. A comparison of mark–release–recapture methods for estimating colony size in the wood ant Formica lugubris

Author:
Y.-H. Chen; E. J. H. Robinson
Source:
Insectes sociaux 2013 v.60 no.3 pp. 351-359
ISSN:
0020-1812
Subject:
Formica rufa; animals; ant nests; body size; nondestructive methods; physiology; social insects; spring; Scotland
Abstract:
... Colony size can be considered the analogue of the body size of a superorganism. Just as body size is important to the physiology of an individual animal, colony size correlates with the life-history and ecology of social insects. Although nest excavation and counting all individuals is the most accurate method for estimating colony size (or nest size), it has the major drawback of being destructiv ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00040-013-0300-z

4. A comparison of modelling approaches to assess the transmission of pathogens between Scottish fish farms: The role of hydrodynamics and site biomass

Author:
Nabeil K.G. Salama; Alexander G. Murray
Source:
Preventive veterinary medicine 2013 v.108 no.4 pp. 285-293
ISSN:
0167-5877
Subject:
Salmo salar; fish farms; infectious diseases; mathematical models; Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus; disease control; hydrodynamics; European Union; Infectious salmon anemia virus; Aeromonas salmonicida; biomass; pathogens; farm size; Scotland
Abstract:
... Scotland is the largest Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) producer in the EU with an output of over 150,000t, contributing over £500 million annually towards the economy. Production continues to increase, predominantly due to the increase in output per farm and reduction in losses due to infectious diseases. Farms are grouped within disease management areas whose boundaries are defined by where the cl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.11.005
PubMed:
23218659

5. A fish stock assessment model using survey data when estimates of catch are unreliable

Author:
R.M. Cook
Source:
Fisheries research 2013 v.143 pp. 1-11
ISSN:
0165-7836
Subject:
Melanogrammus aeglefinus; biomass; haddock; models; mortality; predation; spawning; surveys; uncertainty; North Sea; Scotland
Abstract:
... Methods of assessment that depend upon commercial catch data can be undermined by misreporting or where parts of the catch, such as discards, are not accounted for. An age-structured model that makes use of survey data alone, and avoids this problem, is developed within a Bayesian framework so that routine stock summary statistics such as fishing mortality, recruitment and spawning stock biomass c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fishres.2013.01.003

6. A method to measure an indicator of viraemia in Atlantic salmon using a reporter cell line

Author:
Bertrand Collet; Katy Urquhart; Patricia Noguera; Katrine H. Larsen; Katherine Lester; David Smail; David Bruno
Source:
Journal of virological methods 2013 v.191 no.2 pp. 113-117
ISSN:
0166-0934
Subject:
Alphavirus; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salmo salar; blood serum; cost effectiveness; cytopathogenicity; emerging diseases; etiology; filtration; fish; genes; genotype; heat treatment; luciferase; pancreas disease; tissue culture; transgenic animals; viremia; virus replication; Ireland; Scotland
Abstract:
... RTG-P1 is a transgenic fish cell line producing luciferase under the control of the IFN-induced Mx rainbow trout gene promoter. This cell line was used to measure viraemia of Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), the cause of Salmon Pancreas Disease (SPD), a serious disease in farmed Atlantic salmon. Two SAV genotype 1 (SAV1) isolates were used in this study, F93-125 (tissue-culture adapted, from Ireland) an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.04.009

7. A multiproxy reconstruction of Hebridean (NW Scotland) spring sea surface temperatures between AD 1805 and 2010

Author:
D.J. Reynolds; P.G. Butler; S.M. Williams; J.D. Scourse; C.A. Richardson; A.D. Wanamaker; W.E.N. Austin; A.G. Cage; M.D.J. Sayer
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2013 v.386 pp. 275-285
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
Bivalvia; Retaria; isotopes; marine environment; oxygen; sediments; spring; statistical analysis; temperature; Scotland
Abstract:
... There is currently a deficiency of annually-resolved temperature series from the marine environment. We present a multiproxy reconstruction of Hebridean shelf sea (Tiree Passage; NW Scotland) spring sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for the period AD 1805–2010. The reconstruction is based on the growth increment series from the first absolutely dated annually-resolved multi-centennial Glycymeris gly ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.05.029

8. A simple method of dating marine growth circuli on scales of wild one sea-winter and two sea-winter Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Author:
Christopher D. Todd; Bryce D.M. Whyte; Julian C. MacLean; Crawford W. Revie; Michael E. Lonergan; Nora N. Hanson
Source:
Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 2013 v.71 no.5 pp. 645-655
ISSN:
1205-7533
Subject:
Salmo salar; adults; foraging; models; rivers; salmon; smolts; winter; Scotland
Abstract:
... A method of dating the marine growth circuli on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) scales is presented. Data were available for 54 salmon, intercepted as smolts at the completion of their downstream migration in the River North Esk, Scotland. Smolts were tagged, released, and recaptured as return adults after either one (1SW) or two (2SW) winters at sea. Dating of circuli was achieved by fitting a s ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjfas-2013-0359

9. A study into the accuracy of using meteorological wind data to estimate turbine generation output

Author:
M.L. Kubik; P.J. Coker; J.F. Barlow; C. Hunt
Source:
Renewable energy 2013 v.51 no. pp. 153-158
ISSN:
0960-1481
Subject:
energy; models; power generation; renewable energy sources; wind; Scotland
Abstract:
... Meteorological (met) station data is used as the basis for a number of influential studies into the impacts of the variability of renewable resources. Real turbine output data is not often easy to acquire, whereas meteorological wind data, supplied at a standardised height of 10 m, is widely available. This data can be extrapolated to a standard turbine height using the wind profile power law and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.renene.2012.08.084

10. A technical and economic analysis of three large scale biomass combustion plants in the UK

Author:
David R. McIlveen-Wright; Ye Huang; Sina Rezvani; David Redpath; Mark Anderson; Ashok Dave; Neil J. Hewitt
Source:
Applied energy 2013 v.112 no. pp. 396-404
ISSN:
0306-2619
Subject:
biomass; capital; carbon dioxide; coal; combustion; computer software; drying; electricity; energy costs; energy density; environmental impact; fluidized beds; fuelwood; greenhouse gas emissions; insurance; models; power generation; power plants; prices; supply chain; transportation; England; Scotland; Wales
Abstract:
... In the past there have been several reasons for not fuelling large scale power plants with biomass instead of fossil fuels. For example, fossil fuels have higher energy density, their costs had been relatively low until recently, the required (large) amounts of biomass have not been readily available and the cost and environmental impact of road transportation of large quantities of biomass were c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.12.051

11. Adaptation at range margins: common garden trials and the performance of Arabidopsis lyrata across its northwestern European range

Author:
Philippine Vergeer; William E. Kunin
Source:
new phytologist 2013 v.197 no.3 pp. 989-1001
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Arabidopsis lyrata; altitude; evolutionary adaptation; gene flow; genetic variation; perennials; phenotype; reproductive performance; Iceland; Northern European region; Scotland; Sweden
Abstract:
... Widely distributed species, such as the perennial plant Arabidopsis lyrata, face a range of environmental conditions across space, creating selective pressures for local evolutionary adaptation. The species' fragmented distribution may reduce gene flow, which could either reduce or increase adaptive potential. The substantial variation in phenotypic traits observed across this species' northwester ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.12060

12. Addressing sustainable sheep farming: Application of a targeted selective treatment approach for anthelmintic use on a commercial farm

Author:
V. Busin; F. Kenyon; N. Laing; M.J. Denwood; D. McBean; N.D. Sargison; K. Ellis
Source:
Small ruminant research 2013 v.110 no.2-3 pp. 100-103
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
Texel; animal performance; anthelmintics; commercial farms; energy; farming systems; flocks; lambs; nematode control; nutrient utilization; parasites; weight gain; Scotland
Abstract:
... Sustainable control of nematode parasites in small ruminant production is a worldwide ambition. Development of anthelmintic resistance can severely impair small ruminant production. A practical approach to reduce selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance is to treat only a proportion of the flock (Targeted Selective Treatment), leaving a proportion of the nematode population untreated. The ai ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.11.013

13. Among population differentiation at nuclear genes in native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Scotland

Author:
Witold Wachowiak; Glenn R. Iason; Stephen Cavers
Source:
Flora 2013 v.208 no.2 pp. 79-86
ISSN:
0367-2530
Subject:
Pinus sylvestris; coasts; environmental factors; forests; genes; genetic techniques and protocols; genetic variation; geographical distribution; highlands; loci; population structure; systems analysis; Atlantic Ocean; Scotland
Abstract:
... In the Scottish Highlands, Scots pine is at the north-western extreme of its wide natural distribution. Here, the remaining native populations are patchily distributed in highly variable environments, from the more continental, drier eastern Highlands to the milder, wetter Atlantic Ocean coast. As these pinewoods are the remnants of a naturally established forest, they form a valuable system for a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.flora.2012.12.009

14. An approach for the geophysical assessment of fissuring of estuary and river flood embankments: validation against two case studies in England and Scotland

Author:
P. Sentenac; G. Jones; M. Zielinski; A. Tarantino
Source:
Environmental earth sciences 2013 v.69 no.6 pp. 1939-1949
ISSN:
1866-6280
Subject:
case studies; clay; climate; cracking; electrical resistance; equipment; estuaries; floods; geophysics; models; rain; rivers; screening; surveys; tomography; vegetation; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... This paper proposes a two-stage geophysical approach to map the vertical cracking and the structural integrity of flood embankments made up of clay geomaterials susceptible to fissuring. The first stage is based on a ‘coarse-resolution’ investigation using conventional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) equipment to identify the fissured zones in the embankment. This step is complemented by a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12665-012-2026-z

15. An investigation into climate change scepticism among farmers

Author:
Md. Mofakkarul Islam; Andrew Barnes; Luiza Toma
Source:
Journal of environmental psychology 2013 v.34 pp. 137-150
ISSN:
0272-4944
Subject:
agricultural extension; climate change; consultants; economic valuation; farmers; issues and policy; livestock farming; pests; psychology; socioeconomic status; structural equation modeling; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Although climate change is a major challenge facing the world today, a considerable proportion of the general public in the UK and other Western countries have been found to be sceptical of the issue. Given that livestock farming is a major contributor to climate change, this study explored the extent to which climate change scepticism prevailed among Scottish dairy farmers, the factors that affec ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.02.002

16. Analysis of pulsed field gel electrophoresis profiles using multiple enzymes for predicting potential source reservoirs for strains of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from humans

Author:
Insook Son; Jie Zheng; Christine E. Keys; Shaohua Zhao; Jianghong Meng; Eric W. Brown
Source:
Infection, genetics, and evolution 2013 v.16 pp. 226-233
ISSN:
1567-1348
Subject:
pork; humans; Salmonella Enteritidis; serotypes; Salmonella Typhimurium; cluster analysis; phylogeny; restriction endonucleases; mice; gels; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; beef; swine; genetic variation; prediction; poultry; Scotland; China; Mexico
Abstract:
... We reported previously on a highly discriminatory pulsed field gel electrophoresis-based (PFGE) subtyping scheme for Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) that relies on combined cluster analysis of up to six restriction enzymes. This approach allowed for the high-resolution separation of numerous poultry-derived SE and ST isolates into several distinct clust ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.meegid.2013.01.020
PubMed:
23429060

17. Appinite suites: A record of the role of water in the genesis, transport, emplacement and crystallization of magma

Author:
J. Brendan Murphy
Source:
Earth-science reviews 2013 v.119 no. pp. 35-59
ISSN:
0012-8252
Subject:
andesite; crystallization; genetic relationships; ions; melting; mixing; tectonics; viscosity; Scotland
Abstract:
... The appinite suite of rocks offers a unique opportunity to study the effect of water on the generation, emplacement and crystallization history of mafic to felsic magma. The suite consists of a group of coeval plutonic and/or hypabyssal rocks, ranging from ultramafic to felsic in composition in which hornblende is the dominant mafic mineral, and typically occurs both as large prismatic phenocrysts ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.02.002

18. Application of Bayesian Belief Networks to quantify and map areas at risk to soil threats: Using soil compaction as an example

Author:
Mads Troldborg; Inge Aalders; Willie Towers; Paul D. Hallett; Blair M. McKenzie; A. Glyn Bengough; Allan Lilly; Bruce C. Ball; Rupert L. Hough
Source:
Soil & tillage research 2013 v.132 pp. 56-68
ISSN:
0167-1987
Subject:
European Union; adverse effects; climatic factors; crop yield; databases; expert opinion; exposure assessment; farming systems; gas emissions; inventories; land surveying; land use; risk; risk estimate; runoff; soil compaction; soil erosion; soil physical properties; soil productivity; soil quality; soil surveys; soil water; uncertainty; Scotland
Abstract:
... The assessment of areas at risk from various soil threats is a key task within the proposed EU Soil Framework Directive. Such assessment is, however, hampered by the complex nature of the soil threats, which result from the sometimes poorly understood interaction of various soil physical properties, climatic factors and land management practices. Methodologies for risk assessment of soil threats a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.still.2013.05.005

19. Application of the analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the regional sustainability of bioenergy developments

Author:
Thomas Kurka
Source:
Energy 2013 v.62 no. pp. 393-402
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
bioenergy; case studies; decision making; energy; experts; Scotland
Abstract:
... This paper presents the application of the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method to evaluate bioenergy developments regarding their regional sustainability in a case study area (Tayside and Fife/Scotland). Achieving regional sustainable bioenergy generation is challenging due to the complexity of this sector and the multidimensionality of the sustainability goal. The paper presents a complete an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2013.09.053

20. Arsenic Speciation and Localization in Horticultural Produce Grown in a Historically Impacted Mining Region

Author:
Norton Gareth; Deacon Claire; Mestrot Adrien; Feldmann Joerg; Jenkins Paul; Baskaran Christina; Meharg Andrew A.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.12 pp. 6164-6172
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
apples; arsenic; carrots; chard; dust; fruits; horticulture; kale; leaves; lettuce; markets; mass spectrometry; mining; peeling; potatoes; soil; spinach; surveys; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... A field and market basket study (∼1300 samples) of locally grown fruits and vegetables from historically mined regions of southwest (SW) England (Cornwall and Devon), and as reference, a market basket study of similarly locally grown produce from the northeast (NE) of Scotland (Aberdeenshire) was conducted to determine the concentration of total and inorganic arsenic present in produce from these ...
DOI:
10.1021/es400720r