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You searched for: Publication year rev 7987-2013 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 7987-2013 Subject term Scotland Remove constraint Subject term: Scotland
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1. 21st Century Crofting: Strengths and Opportunities for Community Development

Author:
Bryan J. Hains; Ronald Hustedde; Kristina G. Ricketts
Source:
Journal of agriculture, food systems, and community development 2013 v.3 no.3 pp. 47-60
ISSN:
2152-0801
Subject:
case studies; coasts; community development; farm tenancy; land ownership; land resources; land values; legal rights; markets; people; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... Scotland has one of the most uneven land ownership patterns in the world. In a country of 5.2 million people, about 969 people control 60% of the land. Over 20% of privately owned land in Scotland is held in some form of offshore or beneficial ownership (Committee on the Inquiry of Crofting, 2008). This land ownership pattern has a unique expression in the northern and western parts of the Scottis ...
DOI:
10.5304/jafscd.2013.033.002

2. A Conceptual Framework for the Evaluation of Fuel-Cell Energy Systems in the Uk Built Environment

Author:
Mohamed Abdel-Wahab; Dallia Ali
Source:
International journal of green energy 2013 v.10 no.2 pp. 137-150
ISSN:
1543-5083
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; buildings; energy efficiency; environmental impact; experts; fuel cells; guidelines; hydrogen; industry; renewable energy sources; wind; Scotland
Abstract:
... Energy-efficient buildings can reduce human impact on the environment. Energy efficiency is not only concerned with generating more energy using fewer resources, nor reducing energy usage, but also it is about harnessing natural resources, such as wind and sun, to produce energy. The UK government is thus promoting the adoption of renewable energy in buildings. The Fuel-Cell Energy Systems (FCES), ...
DOI:
10.1080/15435075.2011.642089

3. A comparison of mark–release–recapture methods for estimating colony size in the wood ant Formica lugubris

Author:
Y.-H. Chen; E. J. H. Robinson
Source:
Insectes sociaux 2013 v.60 no.3 pp. 351-359
ISSN:
0020-1812
Subject:
Formica rufa; animals; ant nests; body size; nondestructive methods; physiology; social insects; spring; Scotland
Abstract:
... Colony size can be considered the analogue of the body size of a superorganism. Just as body size is important to the physiology of an individual animal, colony size correlates with the life-history and ecology of social insects. Although nest excavation and counting all individuals is the most accurate method for estimating colony size (or nest size), it has the major drawback of being destructiv ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00040-013-0300-z

4. A comparison of modelling approaches to assess the transmission of pathogens between Scottish fish farms: The role of hydrodynamics and site biomass

Author:
Nabeil K.G. Salama; Alexander G. Murray
Source:
Preventive veterinary medicine 2013 v.108 no.4 pp. 285-293
ISSN:
0167-5877
Subject:
Salmo salar; fish farms; infectious diseases; mathematical models; Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus; disease control; hydrodynamics; European Union; Infectious salmon anemia virus; Aeromonas salmonicida; biomass; pathogens; farm size; Scotland
Abstract:
... Scotland is the largest Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) producer in the EU with an output of over 150,000t, contributing over £500 million annually towards the economy. Production continues to increase, predominantly due to the increase in output per farm and reduction in losses due to infectious diseases. Farms are grouped within disease management areas whose boundaries are defined by where the cl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.11.005
PubMed:
23218659

5. A fish stock assessment model using survey data when estimates of catch are unreliable

Author:
R.M. Cook
Source:
Fisheries research 2013 v.143 pp. 1-11
ISSN:
0165-7836
Subject:
Melanogrammus aeglefinus; biomass; haddock; models; mortality; predation; spawning; surveys; uncertainty; North Sea; Scotland
Abstract:
... Methods of assessment that depend upon commercial catch data can be undermined by misreporting or where parts of the catch, such as discards, are not accounted for. An age-structured model that makes use of survey data alone, and avoids this problem, is developed within a Bayesian framework so that routine stock summary statistics such as fishing mortality, recruitment and spawning stock biomass c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fishres.2013.01.003

6. A method to measure an indicator of viraemia in Atlantic salmon using a reporter cell line

Author:
Bertrand Collet; Katy Urquhart; Patricia Noguera; Katrine H. Larsen; Katherine Lester; David Smail; David Bruno
Source:
Journal of virological methods 2013 v.191 no.2 pp. 113-117
ISSN:
0166-0934
Subject:
Alphavirus; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salmo salar; blood serum; cost effectiveness; cytopathogenicity; emerging diseases; etiology; filtration; fish; genes; genotype; heat treatment; luciferase; pancreas disease; tissue culture; transgenic animals; viremia; virus replication; Ireland; Scotland
Abstract:
... RTG-P1 is a transgenic fish cell line producing luciferase under the control of the IFN-induced Mx rainbow trout gene promoter. This cell line was used to measure viraemia of Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), the cause of Salmon Pancreas Disease (SPD), a serious disease in farmed Atlantic salmon. Two SAV genotype 1 (SAV1) isolates were used in this study, F93-125 (tissue-culture adapted, from Ireland) an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.04.009

7. A multiproxy reconstruction of Hebridean (NW Scotland) spring sea surface temperatures between AD 1805 and 2010

Author:
D.J. Reynolds; P.G. Butler; S.M. Williams; J.D. Scourse; C.A. Richardson; A.D. Wanamaker; W.E.N. Austin; A.G. Cage; M.D.J. Sayer
Source:
Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology 2013 v.386 pp. 275-285
ISSN:
0031-0182
Subject:
Bivalvia; Retaria; isotopes; marine environment; oxygen; sediments; spring; statistical analysis; temperature; Scotland
Abstract:
... There is currently a deficiency of annually-resolved temperature series from the marine environment. We present a multiproxy reconstruction of Hebridean shelf sea (Tiree Passage; NW Scotland) spring sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for the period AD 1805–2010. The reconstruction is based on the growth increment series from the first absolutely dated annually-resolved multi-centennial Glycymeris gly ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.05.029

8. A simple method of dating marine growth circuli on scales of wild one sea-winter and two sea-winter Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Author:
Christopher D. Todd; Bryce D.M. Whyte; Julian C. MacLean; Crawford W. Revie; Michael E. Lonergan; Nora N. Hanson
Source:
Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 2013 v.71 no.5 pp. 645-655
ISSN:
1205-7533
Subject:
Salmo salar; adults; foraging; models; rivers; salmon; smolts; winter; Scotland
Abstract:
... A method of dating the marine growth circuli on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) scales is presented. Data were available for 54 salmon, intercepted as smolts at the completion of their downstream migration in the River North Esk, Scotland. Smolts were tagged, released, and recaptured as return adults after either one (1SW) or two (2SW) winters at sea. Dating of circuli was achieved by fitting a s ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjfas-2013-0359

9. A study into the accuracy of using meteorological wind data to estimate turbine generation output

Author:
M.L. Kubik; P.J. Coker; J.F. Barlow; C. Hunt
Source:
Renewable energy 2013 v.51 no. pp. 153-158
ISSN:
0960-1481
Subject:
energy; models; power generation; renewable energy sources; wind; Scotland
Abstract:
... Meteorological (met) station data is used as the basis for a number of influential studies into the impacts of the variability of renewable resources. Real turbine output data is not often easy to acquire, whereas meteorological wind data, supplied at a standardised height of 10 m, is widely available. This data can be extrapolated to a standard turbine height using the wind profile power law and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.renene.2012.08.084

10. A technical and economic analysis of three large scale biomass combustion plants in the UK

Author:
David R. McIlveen-Wright; Ye Huang; Sina Rezvani; David Redpath; Mark Anderson; Ashok Dave; Neil J. Hewitt
Source:
Applied energy 2013 v.112 no. pp. 396-404
ISSN:
0306-2619
Subject:
biomass; capital; carbon dioxide; coal; combustion; computer software; drying; electricity; energy costs; energy density; environmental impact; fluidized beds; fuelwood; greenhouse gas emissions; insurance; models; power generation; power plants; prices; supply chain; transportation; England; Scotland; Wales
Abstract:
... In the past there have been several reasons for not fuelling large scale power plants with biomass instead of fossil fuels. For example, fossil fuels have higher energy density, their costs had been relatively low until recently, the required (large) amounts of biomass have not been readily available and the cost and environmental impact of road transportation of large quantities of biomass were c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.12.051

11. Adaptation at range margins: common garden trials and the performance of Arabidopsis lyrata across its northwestern European range

Author:
Philippine Vergeer; William E. Kunin
Source:
new phytologist 2013 v.197 no.3 pp. 989-1001
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Arabidopsis lyrata; altitude; evolutionary adaptation; gene flow; genetic variation; perennials; phenotype; reproductive performance; Iceland; Northern European region; Scotland; Sweden
Abstract:
... Widely distributed species, such as the perennial plant Arabidopsis lyrata, face a range of environmental conditions across space, creating selective pressures for local evolutionary adaptation. The species' fragmented distribution may reduce gene flow, which could either reduce or increase adaptive potential. The substantial variation in phenotypic traits observed across this species' northwester ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.12060

12. Addressing sustainable sheep farming: Application of a targeted selective treatment approach for anthelmintic use on a commercial farm

Author:
V. Busin; F. Kenyon; N. Laing; M.J. Denwood; D. McBean; N.D. Sargison; K. Ellis
Source:
Small ruminant research 2013 v.110 no.2-3 pp. 100-103
ISSN:
0921-4488
Subject:
Texel; animal performance; anthelmintics; commercial farms; energy; farming systems; flocks; lambs; nematode control; nutrient utilization; parasites; weight gain; Scotland
Abstract:
... Sustainable control of nematode parasites in small ruminant production is a worldwide ambition. Development of anthelmintic resistance can severely impair small ruminant production. A practical approach to reduce selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance is to treat only a proportion of the flock (Targeted Selective Treatment), leaving a proportion of the nematode population untreated. The ai ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.11.013

13. Among population differentiation at nuclear genes in native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Scotland

Author:
Witold Wachowiak; Glenn R. Iason; Stephen Cavers
Source:
Flora 2013 v.208 no.2 pp. 79-86
ISSN:
0367-2530
Subject:
Pinus sylvestris; coasts; environmental factors; forests; genes; genetic techniques and protocols; genetic variation; geographical distribution; highlands; loci; population structure; systems analysis; Atlantic Ocean; Scotland
Abstract:
... In the Scottish Highlands, Scots pine is at the north-western extreme of its wide natural distribution. Here, the remaining native populations are patchily distributed in highly variable environments, from the more continental, drier eastern Highlands to the milder, wetter Atlantic Ocean coast. As these pinewoods are the remnants of a naturally established forest, they form a valuable system for a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.flora.2012.12.009

14. An approach for the geophysical assessment of fissuring of estuary and river flood embankments: validation against two case studies in England and Scotland

Author:
P. Sentenac; G. Jones; M. Zielinski; A. Tarantino
Source:
Environmental earth sciences 2013 v.69 no.6 pp. 1939-1949
ISSN:
1866-6280
Subject:
case studies; clay; climate; cracking; electrical resistance; equipment; estuaries; floods; geophysics; models; rain; rivers; screening; surveys; tomography; vegetation; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... This paper proposes a two-stage geophysical approach to map the vertical cracking and the structural integrity of flood embankments made up of clay geomaterials susceptible to fissuring. The first stage is based on a ‘coarse-resolution’ investigation using conventional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) equipment to identify the fissured zones in the embankment. This step is complemented by a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12665-012-2026-z

15. An investigation into climate change scepticism among farmers

Author:
Md. Mofakkarul Islam; Andrew Barnes; Luiza Toma
Source:
Journal of environmental psychology 2013 v.34 pp. 137-150
ISSN:
0272-4944
Subject:
agricultural extension; climate change; consultants; economic valuation; farmers; issues and policy; livestock farming; pests; psychology; socioeconomic status; structural equation modeling; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Although climate change is a major challenge facing the world today, a considerable proportion of the general public in the UK and other Western countries have been found to be sceptical of the issue. Given that livestock farming is a major contributor to climate change, this study explored the extent to which climate change scepticism prevailed among Scottish dairy farmers, the factors that affec ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.02.002

16. Analysis of pulsed field gel electrophoresis profiles using multiple enzymes for predicting potential source reservoirs for strains of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from humans

Author:
Insook Son; Jie Zheng; Christine E. Keys; Shaohua Zhao; Jianghong Meng; Eric W. Brown
Source:
Infection, genetics, and evolution 2013 v.16 pp. 226-233
ISSN:
1567-1348
Subject:
pork; humans; Salmonella Enteritidis; serotypes; Salmonella Typhimurium; cluster analysis; phylogeny; restriction endonucleases; mice; gels; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; beef; swine; genetic variation; prediction; poultry; Scotland; China; Mexico
Abstract:
... We reported previously on a highly discriminatory pulsed field gel electrophoresis-based (PFGE) subtyping scheme for Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) that relies on combined cluster analysis of up to six restriction enzymes. This approach allowed for the high-resolution separation of numerous poultry-derived SE and ST isolates into several distinct clust ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.meegid.2013.01.020
PubMed:
23429060

17. Appinite suites: A record of the role of water in the genesis, transport, emplacement and crystallization of magma

Author:
J. Brendan Murphy
Source:
Earth-science reviews 2013 v.119 no. pp. 35-59
ISSN:
0012-8252
Subject:
andesite; crystallization; genetic relationships; ions; melting; mixing; tectonics; viscosity; Scotland
Abstract:
... The appinite suite of rocks offers a unique opportunity to study the effect of water on the generation, emplacement and crystallization history of mafic to felsic magma. The suite consists of a group of coeval plutonic and/or hypabyssal rocks, ranging from ultramafic to felsic in composition in which hornblende is the dominant mafic mineral, and typically occurs both as large prismatic phenocrysts ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.02.002

18. Application of Bayesian Belief Networks to quantify and map areas at risk to soil threats: Using soil compaction as an example

Author:
Mads Troldborg; Inge Aalders; Willie Towers; Paul D. Hallett; Blair M. McKenzie; A. Glyn Bengough; Allan Lilly; Bruce C. Ball; Rupert L. Hough
Source:
Soil & tillage research 2013 v.132 pp. 56-68
ISSN:
0167-1987
Subject:
European Union; adverse effects; climatic factors; crop yield; databases; expert opinion; exposure assessment; farming systems; gas emissions; inventories; land surveying; land use; risk; risk estimate; runoff; soil compaction; soil erosion; soil physical properties; soil productivity; soil quality; soil surveys; soil water; uncertainty; Scotland
Abstract:
... The assessment of areas at risk from various soil threats is a key task within the proposed EU Soil Framework Directive. Such assessment is, however, hampered by the complex nature of the soil threats, which result from the sometimes poorly understood interaction of various soil physical properties, climatic factors and land management practices. Methodologies for risk assessment of soil threats a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.still.2013.05.005

19. Application of the analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the regional sustainability of bioenergy developments

Author:
Thomas Kurka
Source:
Energy 2013 v.62 no. pp. 393-402
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
bioenergy; case studies; decision making; energy; experts; Scotland
Abstract:
... This paper presents the application of the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method to evaluate bioenergy developments regarding their regional sustainability in a case study area (Tayside and Fife/Scotland). Achieving regional sustainable bioenergy generation is challenging due to the complexity of this sector and the multidimensionality of the sustainability goal. The paper presents a complete an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2013.09.053

20. Arsenic Speciation and Localization in Horticultural Produce Grown in a Historically Impacted Mining Region

Author:
Norton Gareth; Deacon Claire; Mestrot Adrien; Feldmann Joerg; Jenkins Paul; Baskaran Christina; Meharg Andrew A.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.12 pp. 6164-6172
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
apples; arsenic; carrots; chard; dust; fruits; horticulture; kale; leaves; lettuce; markets; mass spectrometry; mining; peeling; potatoes; soil; spinach; surveys; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... A field and market basket study (∼1300 samples) of locally grown fruits and vegetables from historically mined regions of southwest (SW) England (Cornwall and Devon), and as reference, a market basket study of similarly locally grown produce from the northeast (NE) of Scotland (Aberdeenshire) was conducted to determine the concentration of total and inorganic arsenic present in produce from these ...
DOI:
10.1021/es400720r

21. Assessing vulnerability of marine bird populations to offshore wind farms

Author:
Robert W. Furness; Helen M. Wade; Elizabeth A. Masden
Source:
Journal of environmental management 2013 v.119 pp. 56-66
ISSN:
0301-4797
Subject:
Haliaeetus albicilla; Laridae; Morus bassanus; Stercorariidae; birds; flight; monitoring; mortality; risk
Abstract:
... Offshore wind farms may affect bird populations through collision mortality and displacement. Given the pressures to develop offshore wind farms, there is an urgent need to assess population-level impacts on protected marine birds. Here we refine an approach to assess aspects of their ecology that influence population vulnerability to wind farm impacts, also taking into account the conservation im ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.01.025
PubMed:
23454414

22. Assessment of daytime outdoor comfort levels in and outside the urban area of Glasgow, UK

Author:
Eduardo Krüger; Patricia Drach; Rohinton Emmanuel; Oscar Corbella
Source:
International journal of biometeorology 2013 v.57 no.4 pp. 521-533
ISSN:
0020-7128
Subject:
data collection; humidity; monitoring; silicon; summer; surveys; temperature; urban areas; wind; winter; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... To understand thermal preferences and to define a preliminary outdoor comfort range for the local population of Glasgow, UK, an extensive series of measurements and surveys was carried out during 19 monitoring campaigns from winter through summer 2011 at six different monitoring points in pedestrian areas of downtown Glasgow. For data collection, a Davis Vantage Pro2 weather station equipped with ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00484-012-0578-y
PubMed:
22886367

23. Big Pylons: Mixed signals for transmission. Spatial planning for energy distribution

Author:
Heather Ritchie; Maelíosa Hardy; M. Greg Lloyd; Stanley McGreal
Source:
Energy policy 2013 v.63 pp. 311-320
ISSN:
0301-4215
Subject:
carbon; case studies; energy; planning; politics; renewable energy sources; Scotland
Abstract:
... The effective delivery of a sustainable energy future raises many challenges in relation to energy distribution where a new understanding of spatial planning is needed in relation to energy production, consumption and storage. Understanding the emergent low carbon energy economy in terms of its production, distribution and consumption characteristics has prompted a deliberate spatial planning inte ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.enpol.2013.08.021

24. Biodegradability of natural dissolved organic matter collected from a UK moorland stream

Author:
M.I. Stutter; S. Richards; J.J.C. Dawson
Source:
Water research 2013 v.47 pp. 1169-1180
ISSN:
0043-1354
Subject:
absorbance; biodegradability; carbon; climate; dissolved organic matter; ecosystems; freeze drying; heathlands; metabolism; microorganisms; models; nutrients; rain; sediments; streams; uncertainty; watersheds; Scotland
Abstract:
... The fate of dissolved organic matter (DOM) exported from headwaters is a large uncertainty in global carbon models and catchment biogeochemical process understanding. We examined the biodegradability of stream DOM collected during different flow conditions (n = 12) from a heather-dominated moorland headwater in NE Scotland. Freeze-dried DOM isolates were characterised, re-dissolved to 10 mg C L−1, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.035
PubMed:
23261070

25. Biogenic Amine Content of Tarhana: A Traditional Fermented Food

Author:
Özgül Özdestan; Ali Üren
Source:
International journal of food properties 2013 v.16 no.2 pp. 416-428
ISSN:
1094-2912
Subject:
fermented foods; grain foods; lactic acid; leucine; pH; taste; tyramine; Egypt; Finland; Greece; Hungary; Iraq; Jordan; Scotland; Syria
Abstract:
... Tarhana is a traditional fermented cereal food consumed in nearly all regions of Turkey as a soup having a delicious and desired taste. There are some other products similar to tarhana in Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Iraq, Hungary, Finland, Greece, and Scotland. Fifteen homemade and 5 commercially produced tarhana samples were analyzed for the first time to determine biogenic amine contents. Tyramine was ...
DOI:
10.1080/10942912.2011.551867

26. Breeding season diets of sympatric White-tailed Eagles and Golden Eagles in Scotland: no evidence for competitive effects

Author:
D. Philip Whitfield; Mick Marquiss; Robin Reid; Justin Grant; Ruth Tingay; Richard J. Evans
Source:
Bird study 2013 v.60 no.1 pp. 67-76
ISSN:
1944-6705
Subject:
Galliformes; Haliaeetus albicilla; Lagomorpha; adverse effects; breeding; breeding season; diet; eagles; long term effects; nests; pellets; sheep; temporal variation; territoriality; Scotland
Abstract:
... Capsule The breeding season diets of White-tailed Eagles and Golden Eagles in western Scotland were different, and there was no evidence of competition between the two species.Aim To test the hypothesis that the reintroduced White-tailed Eagles will have an adverse effect on Golden Eagles through competition for food.Methods Collections of prey remains at nests and regurgitated pellets during the ...
DOI:
10.1080/00063657.2012.742997

27. Calibrating air heating and power generation capacities of low and high efficient BIPV roofs for housing application in Scotland

Author:
Masa Noguchi
Source:
International journal of environmental studies 2013 v.70 no.6 pp. 987-998
ISSN:
1029-0400
Subject:
air; climate; cold; design for environment; energy; heat; power generation; solar collectors; temperature; winter; Scotland
Abstract:
... This study was conducted with the aim to assess the potential performance of a photovoltaic thermal mechanical ventilation heat recovery (PV/T MVHR) system. The device is currently considered for the application to the Z-en house project undertaken by Scottish homebuilder. The house’s whole energy demand was calibrated based on the UK Government’s standard assessment procedure for energy rating of ...
DOI:
10.1080/00207233.2013.862468

28. Capability and limitations of a simple grid-based model for simulating land use influences on stream nitrate concentrations

Author:
Sarah M. Dunn; Lynne Johnston; Carol Taylor; Helen Watson; Yvonne Cook; Simon J. Langan
Source:
Journal of hydrology 2013 v.507 pp. 110-123
ISSN:
0022-1694
Subject:
agricultural management; agricultural watersheds; climate; crops; forestry; grasslands; hydrology; land use; livestock; monitoring; nitrogen; simulation models; subwatersheds; water quality; Scotland
Abstract:
... Catchment scale nitrogen models are valuable tools for exploring how stream water quality is likely to be influenced by future changes in climate and land use. Many nitrogen modelling systems are highly complex and include too many calibration parameters to be confident in how these would be affected by changes in the catchment structure or meteorological drivers. This paper examines how successfu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.016

29. Causes of mortality and pathological lesions observed post-mortem in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in Great Britain

Author:
Victor R Simpson; Judith Hargreaves; Helen M Butler; Nicholas J Davison; David J Everest
Source:
BMC veterinary research 2013 v.9 no.1 pp. 229
ISSN:
1746-6148
Subject:
Anoplura; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Sciurus; Siphonaptera; Staphylococcus aureus; adenoma; animal injuries; bacterial infections; bronchopneumonia; candidiasis; capillariasis; carcinoma; cats; cholecalciferol; chylothorax; death; dermatitis; dogs; ears; etiology; humans; hyperplasia; mortality; poisoning; predation; predators; rodenticides; squirrels; ticks; toxoplasmosis; traffic; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The red squirrel population in Great Britain has declined dramatically in recent decades, principally due to squirrelpox. Concern exists that red squirrels may become extinct nationally and, as there has been limited research in to diseases other than squirrelpox, this study aimed to identify additional causes of mortality. RESULTS: Post-mortem examinations on 163 red squirrels found d ...
DOI:
10.1186/1746-6148-9-229
PubMed:
24238087
PubMed Central:
PMC4225685

30. Challenges in predicting invasive reservoir hosts of emerging pathogens: mapping Rhododendron ponticum as a foliar host for Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae in the UK

Author:
Bethan V. Purse; Philipp Graeser; Kate Searle; Colin Edwards; Catriona Harris
Source:
Biological invasions 2013 v.15 no.3 pp. 529-545
ISSN:
1387-3547
Subject:
Larix kaempferi; Phytophthora ramorum; Rhododendron ponticum; biogeography; climate; disease reservoirs; disease resistance; entropy; habitats; heathlands; hosts; invasive species; landscapes; models; plant pathogens; plantations; prediction; soil water; sporulation; woodlands; Scotland
Abstract:
... Invasive species can increase the susceptibility of ecosystems to disease by acting as reservoir hosts for pathogens. Invasive hosts are often sparsely recorded and not in equilibrium, so predicting their spatial distributions and overlap with other hosts is problematic. We applied newly developed methods for modelling the distribution of invasive species to the invasive shrub Rhododendron ponticu ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10530-012-0305-y

31. Changes in the impact and control of an invasive alien: the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in Great Britain, as determined from regional surveys

Author:
Brenda A Mayle; Alice C Broome
Source:
Pest management science 2013 v.69 no.3 pp. 323-333
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
Sciurus carolinensis; bark; breeding season; control methods; crops; invasive species; juveniles; private forestry; risk; squirrels; surveys; trees; Canada; England; Ireland; Scotland; United States; Wales
Abstract:
... The grey squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, was introduced into sites in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland from the United States and Canada between 1876 and 1929. Soon after its introduction there were reports of damage to trees by seasonal bark stripping activity. Surveys in state and private forests since 1954 have monitored their distribution and impacts. Two surveys also gathered infor ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.3458
PubMed:
23417829

32. Changes in trace elements during lactation in a marine top predator, the grey seal

Author:
Sarah Habran; Paddy P. Pomeroy; Cathy Debier; Krishna Das
Source:
Aquatic toxicology 2013 v.126 pp. 455-466
ISSN:
0166-445X
Subject:
Halichoerus grypus; Phoca vitulina; blood; blubber; energy; lactation; longitudinal studies; milk; mothers; progeny; pups; seals; trace elements; North Sea; Scotland
Abstract:
... Lactation in pinnipeds represents the most significant cost to mothers during the reproductive cycle. Dynamics of trace elements and their mobilization associated with energy reserves during such an intense physiological process remains poorly understood in marine mammals. The changes in tissue concentrations of 11 elements (Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn) were investigated in a lon ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.011
PubMed:
23010392

33. Choice of Domestic Air-Sourced Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Systems through the Operational Energy Cost Implications in Scotland

Author:
Masa Noguchi
Source:
Sustainability 2013 v.5 no.3 pp. 1256-1265
ISSN:
2071-1050
Subject:
air; carbon; carbon dioxide; cost effectiveness; decision making; economic valuation; electricity; energy; energy costs; greenhouse gas emissions; heat recovery; solar energy; stakeholders; sustainable technology; Scotland
Abstract:
... In Scotland, homebuilders are requested to take valiant efforts to meet the government’s ambition that all newly built homes should be carbon-neutral by 2016/17. In delivering net zero carbon homes, the application of renewable energy technologies, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) power generating systems, is almost inevitable. Cost-effectiveness of emerging green technologies is a major factor tha ...
DOI:
10.3390/su5031256

34. City Blueprints: Baseline Assessments of Sustainable Water Management in 11 Cities of the Future

Author:
C. J. van Leeuwen
Source:
Water resources management 2013 v.27 no.15 pp. 5191-5206
ISSN:
0920-4741
Subject:
Emilia; cities; climate change; correlation; governance; gross domestic product; hydrologic cycle; pollution; population growth; water management; Angola; Scotland; Tanzania
Abstract:
... The necessity of Urban Water Cycle Services (UWCS) adapting to future stresses calls for changes that take sustainability into account. Megatrends (e.g. population growth, water scarcity, pollution and climate change) pose urgent water challenges in cities. In a previous paper, a set of indicators, i.e., the City Blueprint has been developed to assess the sustainability of UWCS (Van Leeuwen et al. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11269-013-0462-5

35. Climate change impacts and adaptation scope for agriculture indicated by agro-meteorological metrics

Author:
M. Rivington; K.B. Matthews; K. Buchan; D.G. Miller; G. Bellocchi; G. Russell
Source:
Agricultural systems 2013 v.114 pp. 15-31
ISSN:
0308-521X
Subject:
agricultural management; climate; climate change; climate models; ecosystem services; environmental factors; environmental sustainability; food security; greenhouse gas emissions; growing season; land use; rain; seasonal variation; soil water; Scotland
Abstract:
... Agro-meteorological metrics are indicators of weather determined environmental conditions on which agricultural management decisions are made. Metrics derived from an estimated future climate provide an opportunity to characterise the impacts of climate change on a wide range of agricultural systems, land use practices and ecosystem services. Such indications are vital for determining how changes ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agsy.2012.08.003

36. Clinical proteomics stretch goals: EuPA 2012 roundtable report

Author:
S.E. O'Neil; M.J. Palviainen; S. Ten Have; M. Filiou; A. Gonzalez; K. Hodge; S. Surinova; D. Penque; M.S. Baker
Source:
Journal of proteomics 2013 v.88 pp. 37-40
ISSN:
1874-3919
Subject:
human diseases; proteomics; researchers
Abstract:
... The field of clinical proteomics is faced with multiple challenges which need to be overcome in order to improve our understanding of human diseases and provide management solutions. Researchers interested in clinical proteomics assembled for a roundtable discussion at the European Association for Proteomics (EuPA) conference held in Glasgow in July 2012, to discuss these challenges and highlight ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jprot.2013.04.012
PubMed:
23597926

37. Cold-water coral reef habitats benefit recreationally valuable sharks

Author:
Lea-Anne Henry; Juan Moreno Navas; Sebastian J. Hennige; Laura C. Wicks; Johanne Vad; J. Murray Roberts
Source:
Biological conservation 2013 v.161 pp. 67-70
ISSN:
0006-3207
Subject:
case studies; coral reefs; corals; ecosystems; humans; industry; sharks; spawning; sport fishing; surveys; Scotland
Abstract:
... We provide a case study to demonstrate how a key ecosystem function of coral reefs (habitat provision) co-benefits both sharks and humans. Spawning grounds of the blackmouth catshark Galeus melastomus were discovered using seabed and video surveys on the Mingulay Reef Complex, a seascape of cold-water coral reefs off western Scotland. Spawning habitats were environmentally similar across years. Sh ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocon.2013.03.002

38. Comparing a ‘budge’ to a ‘nudge’: Farmer responses to voluntary and compulsory compliance in a water quality management regime

Author:
A.P. Barnes; L. Toma; J. Willock; C. Hall
Source:
Journal of rural studies 2013 v.32 pp. 448-459
ISSN:
0743-0167
Subject:
behavior change; compliance; farmers; nitrates; social behavior; social capital; social change; water pollution; water quality; Scotland
Abstract:
... A set of choice related interventions exist for ‘nudging’ individuals towards socially desirable behaviours. Conversely, regulation, which we refer as ‘budging’, implies a reduction in the choice-set for these individuals. We compare the voluntary adoption of water quality management techniques between farmers within a designated Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (NVZ) with those outside the zone across Sco ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jrurstud.2012.09.006

39. Comparison of soil carbon stocks in Scottish soils between 1978 and 2009

Author:
S. J. Chapman; J. S. Bell; C. D. Campbell; G. Hudson; A. Lilly; A. J. Nolan; A. H. J. Robertson; J. M. Potts; W. Towers
Source:
European journal of soil science 2013 v.64 no.4 pp. 455-465
ISSN:
1351-0754
Subject:
bulk density; carbon; carbon sinks; deep tillage; grassland soils; heathlands; peat; plantations; soil density; woodland soils; Scotland
Abstract:
... The change in soil carbon (C) stock over a 19–31‐year period (mean 25 years) has been measured at 179 sites on a 20‐km grid across Scotland. Sampling was by horizon from a profile pit. Although soil bulk density determinations were absent at the first sampling time, we used bulk density values from the second sampling time calibrated against NIR spectra to predict the missing values. There was no ...
DOI:
10.1111/ejss.12041

40. Concentrations and geographic distribution of selected organic pollutants in Scottish surface soils

Author:
S.M. Rhind; C.E. Kyle; C. Kerr; M. Osprey; Z.L. Zhang; E.I. Duff; A. Lilly; A. Nolan; G. Hudson; W. Towers; J. Bell; M. Coull; C. McKenzie
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.182 pp. 15-27
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
altitude; atmospheric deposition; carbon; geographical distribution; humans; persistent organic pollutants; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; polychlorinated biphenyls; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; soil; soil sampling; vegetation types; Scotland
Abstract:
... Concentrations of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) representing three chemical classes (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and the organic pollutant diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), were determined in surface soil samples (0–5 cm) collected at 20 km grid intersects throughout Scotland over a three-year period ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.041
PubMed:
23892068

41. Corynebacterium uterequi sp. nov., a non-lipophilic bacterium isolated from urogenital samples from horses

Author:
Lesley Hoyles; Kerstin Ortman; Sofia Cardew; Geoffrey Foster; Forbes Rogerson; Enevold Falsen
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2013 v.165 no.3-4 pp. 469-474
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
Corynebacterium; bacteria; mares; nucleotide sequences; uterus; Scotland; Sweden
Abstract:
... Three strains of a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, fermentative, non-lipophilic, previously unknown bacterium were isolated from urogenital samples taken from mares in Scotland (M401624/00/1) and Sweden (VM 2074 and VM 2298T). All were deposited with the CCUG with tentative identifications as Corynebacterium spp. The strains were characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Biochemically ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.03.025
PubMed:
23618836

42. Decline in growth rate of juvenile European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) during summer at nursery beaches along the west coast of Scotland

Author:
Benjamin J. Ciotti; Timothy E. Targett; Michael T. Burrows
Source:
Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 2013 v.70 no.5 pp. 720-734
ISSN:
1205-7533
Subject:
Crangon crangon; Pleuronectes platessa; allometry; beaches; body size; chemical composition; coasts; condition factor; diet; energy; energy content; juveniles; morphometry; shrimp; summer; temperature; Scotland
Abstract:
... This study concludes that declines in growth rates of young-of-the-year European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) (YOY plaice) during summer vary spatially and between years and that these dynamics are not driven by temperature, body size, or competition. RNA-predicted growth rates of YOY plaice on the west coast of Scotland declined linearly between mid-July and mid-September, with faster declines ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjfas-2012-0331

43. Declining incidence of multi-trunking over time in a Scottish plantation of Picea sitchensis

Author:
David Welch; David Scott; David A. Elston
Source:
Scandinavian journal of forest research 2013 v.28 no.1 pp. 17-27
ISSN:
1651-1891
Subject:
Picea sitchensis; browsing; crop losses; death; decline; deer; felling; forests; monitoring; mortality; planting; statistical models; tree mortality; trees; Scotland
Abstract:
... Trends in the incidence of multi-trunking at 21 sites in Glenbranter Forest in western Scotland are reported. Monitoring began in 1978 and continued for 30 years except at five sites that were felled. Incidence varied greatly between sites, from 9% up to 67% of trees multi-trunked at age 15–16 years, but rates declined slowly at nearly all sites after this peak. Decline was partly due to trunk sin ...
DOI:
10.1080/02827581.2012.683039

44. Delayed mowing increases corn bunting Emberiza calandra nest success in an agri-environment scheme trial

Author:
Allan J. Perkins; Hywel E. Maggs; Jeremy D. Wilson; Adam Watson
Source:
Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 2013 v.181 pp. 80-89
ISSN:
0167-8809
Subject:
birds; eggs; farms; grain crops; grasses; meadows; mowing; nesting; nests; pests; population dynamics; probability; Scotland
Abstract:
... Management intensification in agricultural grasslands is a major conservation concern. During the last 50 years, meadows have been drained, re-seeded with high-yielding grasses, treated with chemicals to remove pests and promote rapid growth, and mowing has become earlier and more frequent. This has severely reduced the reproductive success of several meadow-nesting bird species across large areas ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agee.2013.09.010

45. Demonstration of lightweight gamma spectrometry systems in urban environments

Author:
A.J. Cresswell; D.C.W. Sanderson; M. Harrold; B. Kirley; C. Mitchell; A. Weir
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2013 v.124 pp. 22-28
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
aircraft; construction materials; cost effectiveness; exposure assessment; exposure pathways; people; radiometry; spectroscopy; surveys; urban areas
Abstract:
... Urban areas present highly complex radiation environments; with small scale features resulting from different construction materials, topographic effects and potential anthropogenic inputs from past industrial activity or other sources. Mapping of the radiation fields in urban areas allows a detailed assessment of exposure pathways for the people who live and work there, as well as locating discre ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.03.006
PubMed:
23639691

46. Descriptive and social network analysis of pig transport data recorded by quality assured pig farms in the UK

Author:
R.P. Smith; A.J.C. Cook; R.M. Christley
Source:
Preventive veterinary medicine 2013 v.108 no.2-3 pp. 167-177
ISSN:
0167-5877
Subject:
Salmonella; commercial farms; disease transmission; farm numbers; infectious diseases; large farms; quality control; slaughterhouses; small farms; social networks; swine; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to examine farm-to-farm pig movement connections, and the usage of hauliers and abattoirs, for farms in the United Kingdom (UK), to determine the interconnectivity of the pig farm network and the implications this may have for the transmission and control of Salmonella, which was chosen as an example of an important endemic disease. Data were collected from three Quality ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.08.011
PubMed:
22959427

47. Designing mosaic landscapes for Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix using multi‐scaled models

Author:
Matthew Geary; Alan H. Fielding; Stuart J. Marsden; Lluis Brotons
Source:
Ibis 2013 v.155 no.4 pp. 792-803
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
Lyrurus tetrix; forestry; grouse; habitats; heathlands; humans; landowners; landscapes; models; Scotland
Abstract:
... With increasing pressures on land for human use, it is important to identify the habitat requirements of key species, not just in terms of a correlation with a given habitat feature, but also the relationship between species presence and its coverage, proximity to other habitat types, and importance at different spatial scales. We used maximum entropy to estimate the optimal proportions of 18 habi ...
DOI:
10.1111/ibi.12090

48. Determinants of biosecurity behaviour of British cattle and sheep farmers—A behavioural economics analysis

Author:
Luiza Toma; Alistair W. Stott; Claire Heffernan; Siân Ringrose; George J. Gunn
Source:
Preventive veterinary medicine 2013 v.108 no.4 pp. 321-333
ISSN:
0167-5877
Subject:
animal welfare; attitudes and opinions; cattle; disease outbreaks; economic factors; farm size; farm surveys; farmers; farms; information sources; livestock biosecurity; models; organic production; sheep; variance; England; Scotland; Wales
Abstract:
... The paper analyses the impact of a priori determinants of biosecurity behaviour of farmers in Great Britain. We use a dataset collected through a stratified telephone survey of 900 cattle and sheep farmers in Great Britain (400 in England and a further 250 in Wales and Scotland respectively) which took place between 25 March 2010 and 18 June 2010. The survey was stratified by farm type, farm size ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.11.009
PubMed:
23194894

49. Development, validation and evaluation of added diagnostic value of a q(RT)-PCR for the detection of genotype A strains of small ruminant lentiviruses

Author:
Nick De Regge; Brigitte Cay
Source:
Journal of virological methods 2013 v.194 no.1-2 pp. 250-257
ISSN:
0166-0934
Subject:
DNA; Lentivirus; RNA; detection limit; disease diagnosis; flocks; genes; genotype; goats; leukocytes; pellets; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; sheep; Belgium; Finland; France; Iceland; Netherlands; Portugal; Scotland; Spain; United States
Abstract:
... Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) infect sheep and goats. Diagnosis of SRLV infection mostly relies on serological testing but more recently, also PCR is regarded as a useful complementary tool in SRLV diagnosis. The goal of this study was to develop and validate a quantitative PCR capable to detect a broad range of SRLV strains from genotype A, including strains circulating in Belgium. The devel ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.09.001

50. Differences in ecomorphology and microhabitat use of four saproxylic larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Scots pine stump rot holes

Author:
ELLEN L. ROTHERAY
Source:
Ecological entomology 2013 v.38 no.3 pp. 219-229
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Pinus sylvestris; Syrphidae; competitive exclusion; eclosion; larvae; larval development; microhabitats; risk; surveys; winter; Scotland
Abstract:
... Co‐existence and microhabitat partitioning was explored in larvae of four species of hoverfly which occupy rot holes in Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris L. in Scotland, U.K. including the endangered pine hoverfly Blera fallax (Linnaeus), and three more common species, Callicera rufa (Schummel), Myathropa florea (Linnaeus), and Sphegina clunipes (Fallén) (Diptera, Syrphidae). The primary aim of the stud ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12009