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1. Soy protein isolates prevent loss of bone quantity associated with obesity in rats through regulation of insulin signaling in osteoblasts

Author:
Chen, Jin-Ran; Zhang, Jian; Lazarenko, Oxana P.; Cao, Jay J.; Blackburn, Michael L.; Badger, Thomas M.; Ronis, Martin J.J.
Source:
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Conference 2013 v.27 no.9 pp. 3514
ISSN:
0027-3514
Subject:
adiposity; bone marrow; bone resorption; casein; cholesterol; energy metabolism; fat intake; free fatty acids; high fat diet; hormonal regulation; in vitro studies; insulin; insulin resistance; models; obesity; osteoblasts; osteocalcin; rats; saturated fatty acids; secretion; skeletal development; soy protein isolate
Abstract:
... In both rodents and humans, excessive consumption of a typical Western diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol is known to result in disruption of energy metabolism and development of obesity and insulin resistance. However, how these high-fat, energy-dense diets affect bone development, morphology, and modeling is poorly understood. Here we show that male weanling rats fed a high-fat (HF) die ...
Handle:
10113/58060
DOI:
10.1096/fj.12-226464

2. Adjuvant effect of diphtheria toxin after mucosal administration in both wild type and diphtheria toxin receptor engineered mouse strains

Author:
Chapman, Timothy J.; Georas, Steve N.
Source:
Journal of Immunological Methods 2013 v.400-401 pp. 122-126
ISSN:
0022-1759
Subject:
cell biology; genes; humans; inflammation; mice; models
Abstract:
... The finding that murine and simian cells have differential susceptibility to diphtheria toxin (DTx) led to the development of genetically engineered mouse strains that express the simian or human diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) under the control of various mouse gene promoters. Injection of DTx into DTR engineered mice allows for rapid and transient depletion of various cell populations. There are ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jim.2013.10.010
PubMed:
24200744
PubMed Central:
PMC3873768

3. Analysis of the effects of stromal cells on the migration of lymphocytes into and through inflamed tissue using 3-D culture models

Author:
Jeffery, Hannah C.; Buckley, Christopher D.; Moss, Paul; Rainger, G. Ed.; Nash, Gerard B.; McGettrick, Helen M.
Source:
Journal of Immunological Methods 2013 v.400-401 pp. 45-57
ISSN:
0022-1759
Subject:
endothelium; cell movement; endothelial cells; stromal cells; direct contact; lymphocytes; inflammation; models; collagen; fibroblasts
Abstract:
... Stromal cells may regulate the recruitment and behaviour of leukocytes during an inflammatory response, potentially through interaction with the endothelial cells (EC) and the leukocytes themselves. Here we describe new in vitro methodologies to characterise the effects of stromal cells on the migration of lymphocytes through endothelium and its underlying matrix. Three-dimensional tissue-like con ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jim.2013.10.004
PubMed:
24140419
PubMed Central:
PMC3878567

4. Both Terminal Oxidases Contribute to Fitness and Virulence during Organ-Specific Staphylococcus aureus Colonization

Author:
Götz, Friedrich; Mayer, Sonja
Source:
mBio 2013 v.4 no.6 pp. e00976-13
ISSN:
2150-7511
Subject:
Staphylococcus aureus; aerobiosis; anti-infective agents; bacteria; biosynthesis; heart; heme; kidneys; liver; menaquinones; mice; microbial load; models; mutants; pathogenesis; phenotype; virulence
Abstract:
... In their recent article, Hammer et al. (N. D. Hammer, M. L. Reniere, J. E. Cassat, Y. Zhang, A. O. Hirsch, M. Indriati Hood, and E. P. Skaar, mBio 4 :e00241-13, 2013) described the dual functions of the two terminal oxidases encoded by cydBA and qoxABCD in Staphylococcus aureus . The aerobic growth of cydB or qoxB single mutant bacteria was barely affected. However, a cydB qoxB double mutant was c ...
DOI:
10.1128/mBio.00976-13

5. Critical Evaluation of the Two-State Model Describing the Equilibrium Unfolding of the PI3K SH3 Domain by Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Author:
Kishore, Megha; Krishnamoorthy, G.; Udgaonkar, Jayant B.
Source:
Biochemistry 2013 v.52 no.52 pp. 9482-9496
ISSN:
1520-4995
Subject:
energy transfer; evolution; fluorescence; models; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; protein folding; proteins; tryptophan
Abstract:
... It appears that equilibrium unfolding transitions of many small proteins can be described as two-state transitions, because the probes commonly used to measure such transitions cannot detect the underlying heterogeneity inherent in protein folding and unfolding reactions. Time-resolved fluorescence or Forster resonance energy transfer (TRFRET) measurements have the potential to uncover such hetero ...
DOI:
10.1021/bi401337k

6. Determining the age of young birch (Betula pendula Roth) trees growing on former agricultural

Author:
Tkaczyk, Miłosz; Tomusiak, Robert
Source:
Leśne prace badawcze = 2013 v.74 no.4 pp. 357-363
ISSN:
2082-8926
Subject:
Betula pendula; age determination; agricultural land; environmental assessment; environmental protection; farmers; models; tree age; tree growth; trees; wood; Poland
Abstract:
... In Poland, according to the law (amendment of the act of 21st May 2010) – on the provision of information on the environment and its protection, public participation in environmental protection and environmental impact assessments etc. (Official Law Journal article 08.199.1227, as amended) – the owner can cut down trees without permission, if they do not exceed the age of 10 years old. However, if ...
DOI:
10.2478/frp-2013-0034

7. Differential expression and function of human IL-12Rβ2 polymorphic variants

Author:
de Paus, Roelof A.; Geilenkirchen, Marije A.; van Riet, Sander; van Dissel, Jaap T.; van de Vosse, Esther
Source:
Molecular Immunology 2013 v.56 pp. 380-389
ISSN:
0161-5890
Subject:
Crohn disease; amino acid substitution; gene expression regulation; genes; genetic background; humans; immune response; interleukin-12; lymphocytes; models
Abstract:
... The receptor for interleukin-12, formed by IL-12Rβ1 and IL-12Rβ2, mediates the type I immune responses of various types of lymphocytes. Polymorphisms in IL12RB2, the gene encoding IL-12Rβ2, were reported to be associated with several immune related diseases, such as Crohn's disease. Because the IL23R and IL12RB2 genes are located in close proximity on the genome, the reported associations might al ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molimm.2013.07.002

8. Direct Thiol–Ene Photocoating of Polyorganosiloxane Microparticles

Author:
Kuttner, Christian; Maier, Petra C.; Kunert, Carmen; Schlaad, Helmut; Fery, Andreas
Source:
Langmuir 2013 v.29 no.52 pp. 16119-16126
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
Raman spectroscopy; composite polymers; free radicals; irradiation; microparticles; models; photochemistry; polymerization; scanning electron microscopy; thermogravimetry; thiols; transmission electron microscopy; ultraviolet radiation
Abstract:
... This work presents the modification of polyorganosiloxane microparticles by surface-initiated thiol–ene photochemistry. By this photocoating, we prepared different core/shell particles with a polymeric shell within narrow size distributions (PDI = 0.041–0.12). As core particle, we used highly monodisperse spherical polyorganosiloxane particles prepared from (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTM ...
DOI:
10.1021/la4039864

9. Dogs immunized with LBSap vaccine displayed high levels of IL-12 and IL-10 cytokines and CCL4, CCL5 and CXCL8 chemokines in the dermis

Author:
Vitoriano-Souza, Juliana; Moreira, Nádia das Dores; Menezes-Souza, Daniel; Roatt, Bruno Mendes; de Oliveira Aguiar-Soares, Rodrigo Dian; Siqueira-Mathias, Fernando Augusto; de Oliveira Cardoso, Jamille Mirelle; Giunchetti, Rodolfo Cordeiro; de Sá, Renata Guerra; Corrêa-Oliveira, Rodrigo; Carneiro, Cláudia Martins; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa
Source:
Molecular Immunology 2013 v.56 pp. 540-548
ISSN:
0161-5890
Subject:
Leishmania braziliensis; adaptive immunity; antigens; chemokine CCL2; chemokine CCL21; chemokine CCL4; chemokine CCL5; dermis; dogs; immune response; immunization; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; interleukin-12; interleukin-13; interleukin-4; interleukin-8; messenger RNA; models; pathogens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; saponins; transforming growth factor beta; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; vaccine development; vaccines; visceral leishmaniasis
Abstract:
... The complex interplay between cytokines and chemokines regulates innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens; specifically, cytokine and chemokine expression drives activation of immune effector cells and their recruitment to tissue infection sites. Herein, we inoculated dogs with Leishmania braziliensis antigens plus saponin (the LBSap vaccine), as well as with the vaccine components, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.231

10. Fish lily type lectin-1 contains β-prism architecture: Immunological characterization

Author:
Arasu, Abirami; Kumaresan, Venkatesh; Sathyamoorthi, Akila; Palanisamy, Rajesh; Prabha, Nagaram; Bhatt, Prasanth; Roy, Arpita; Thirumalai, Muthukumaresan Kuppusamy; Gnanam, Annie J.; Pasupuleti, Mukesh; Marimuthu, Kasi; Arockiaraj, Jesu
Source:
Molecular Immunology 2013 v.56 pp. 497-506
ISSN:
0161-5890
Subject:
Aeromonas hydrophila; Aphanomyces; Channa striata; Oplegnathus fasciatus; amino acids; bacteria; binding sites; bioinformatics; cDNA libraries; calcium; complementary DNA; fish; fungi; gene expression regulation; genes; gills; glucose; hemagglutination; mannose; messenger RNA; models; open reading frames; pathogens; phylogeny; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... In this study we report a full-length lily type lectin-1 (CsLTL-1) identified from striped murrel, Channa striatus. CsLTL-1 was identified from the established C. striatus cDNA library using GS-FLX™ genome sequencing technology and was found to contain 354 nucleotide base pairs and its open reading frame (ORF) encodes a 118 amino acid residue. CsLTL-1 mRNA is predominately expressed in the gills a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molimm.2013.06.020

11. Frequent Replenishment Sustains the Beneficial Microbiome of Drosophila melanogaster

Author:
Blum, Jessamina E.; Fischer, Caleb N.; Miles, Jessica; Handelsman, Jo
Source:
mBio 2013 v.4 no.6 pp. e00860-13
ISSN:
2150-7511
Subject:
Acetobacter; Drosophila melanogaster; Lactobacillus plantarum; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Serratia marcescens; bacteria; digestive system; health behavior; hosts; humans; ingestion; intestinal microorganisms; mechanism of action; microbial communities; microbiome; models; pathogens; population dynamics; probiotics; symbionts
Abstract:
... We report that establishment and maintenance of the Drosophila melanogaster microbiome depend on ingestion of bacteria. Frequent transfer of flies to sterile food prevented establishment of the microbiome in newly emerged flies and reduced the predominant members, Acetobacter and Lactobacillus spp., by 10- to 1,000-fold in older flies. Flies with a normal microbiome were less susceptible than germ ...
DOI:
10.1128/mBio.00860-13
PubMed:
24194543
PubMed Central:
PMC3892787

12. Identification of RNase L-Dependent, 3′-End-Modified, Viral Small RNAs in Sindbis Virus-Infected Mammalian Cells

Author:
Girardi, Erika; Chane-Woon-Ming, Béatrice; Messmer, Mélanie; Kaukinen, Pasi; Pfeffer, Sébastien
Source:
mBio 2013 v.4 no.6 pp. e00698-13
ISSN:
2150-7511
Subject:
Cercopithecus aethiops; Northern blotting; RNA interference; Sindbis virus; arboviruses; genes; host-pathogen relationships; humans; immunity; interferons; models; non-coding RNA; receptors; ribonucleases; virus replication
Abstract:
... Small RNAs play a critical role in host-pathogen interaction. Indeed, small RNA-mediated silencing or RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the earliest forms of antiviral immunity. Although it represents the main defense system against viruses in many organisms, the antiviral role of RNAi has not been clearly proven in higher vertebrates. However, it is well established that their response to viral i ...
DOI:
10.1128/mBio.00698-13
PubMed:
24255120
PubMed Central:
PMC3870239

13. Identification of season-dependent relationships between spectral vegetation indices and aboveground phytomass in alpine grassland by using field spectroscopy

Author:
Halabuk, Andrej; Gerhatova, Katarina; Kohut, Frantisek; Ponecova, Zuzana; Mojses, Matej
Source:
Ekológia (Bratislava) 2013 v.32 no.2 pp. 186-196
ISSN:
1337-947X
Subject:
aboveground biomass; absorption; chlorophyll; grasslands; models; monitoring; normalized difference vegetation index; phytomass; regression analysis; seasonal variation; spectral analysis; spectroscopy; Slovakia
Abstract:
... Halabuk A., Gerhatova K., Kohut F., Ponecova Z., Mojses M.: Identification of season-dependent relationships between spectral vegetation indices and aboveground phytomass in alpine grassland by using field spectroscopy. Ekologia (Bratislava), Vol. 32, No. 2, p. 186-196, 2013. Spectral characteristics of alpine grasslands across the vegetation season (from May to September) are presented. The resul ...
DOI:
10.2478/eko-2013-0016

14. Identification of the GPR55 Antagonist Binding Site Using a Novel Set of High-Potency GPR55 Selective Ligands

Author:
Kotsikorou, Evangelia; Sharir, Haleli; Shore, Derek M.; Hurst, Dow P.; Lynch, Diane L.; Madrigal, Karla E.; Heynen-Genel, Susanne; Milan, Loribelle B.; Chung, Thomas D. Y.; Seltzman, Herbert H.; Bai, Yushi; Caron, Marc G.; Barak, Larry S.; Croatt, Mitchell P.; Abood, Mary E.; Reggio, Patricia H.
Source:
Biochemistry 2013 v.52 no.52 pp. 9456-9469
ISSN:
1520-4995
Subject:
antagonists; binding sites; cannabinoid receptors; chemotypes; inhibitory concentration 50; ligands; metabolic diseases; models; neoplasms; pain; screening; skeletal development
Abstract:
... GPR55 is a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that has been implicated in inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, metabolic disorder, bone development, and cancer. Initially deorphanized as a cannabinoid receptor, GPR55 has been shown to be activated by non-cannabinoid ligands such as l-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). While there is a growing body of evidence of physiological and pathophysio ...
DOI:
10.1021/bi4008885
PubMed:
24274581
PubMed Central:
PMC3970910

15. Inhibitor of Cysteine Proteases Is Critical for Motility and Infectivity of Plasmodium Sporozoites

Author:
Boysen, Katja E.; Matuschewski, Kai
Source:
mBio 2013 v.4 no.6 pp. e00874-13
ISSN:
2150-7511
Subject:
Anopheles; Leishmania; Plasmodium berghei; Trypanosoma; acinar cells; cell movement; cysteine proteinases; dermis; disease course; drugs; erythrocytes; eukaryotic cells; females; gene deletion; gene targeting; hemocoel; insect vectors; malaria; mice; models; oocysts; parasites; proteinase inhibitors; salivary glands; sporogony; sporozoites; virulence
Abstract:
... Malaria is transmitted when motile sporozoites are injected into the dermis by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Inside the mosquito vector, sporozoites egress from midgut-associated oocysts and eventually penetrate the acinar cells of salivary glands. Parasite-encoded factors with exclusive vital roles in the insect vector can be studied by classical reverse genetics. Here, we characterized ...
DOI:
10.1128/mBio.00874-13
PubMed:
24281719
PubMed Central:
PMC3870247

16. Modeling light conditions on the forest floor

Author:
Bolibok, Leszek; Brach, Michał; Drozdowski, Stanisław; Orzechowski, Michał
Source:
Leśne prace badawcze = 2013 v.74 no.4 pp. 335-344
ISSN:
2082-8926
Subject:
canopy gaps; databases; forest litter; forest stands; forests; information systems; microclimate; models; spatial data; wavelengths
Abstract:
... Contemporary models of light conditions on the forest floor can be divided into two categories: undercanopy models that allow the light conditions in a stand under the canopy to be simulated, and models that take into account shielding from the side. Under-canopy models precisely estimate the availability of wavelengths of light spatially distributed under the canopy of stands: however, these mode ...
DOI:
10.2478/frp-2013-0032

17. Overproduction of Flotillin Influences Cell Differentiation and Shape in Bacillus subtilis

Author:
Mielich-Süss, Benjamin; Schneider, Johannes; Lopez, Daniel
Source:
mBio 2013 v.4 no.6 pp. e00719-13
ISSN:
2150-7511
Subject:
Bacillus subtilis; bacteria; cell differentiation; cell division; eukaryotic cells; models; prokaryotic cells; proteinases; proteins; signal transduction
Abstract:
... Bacteria organize many membrane-related signaling processes in functional microdomains that are structurally and functionally similar to the lipid rafts of eukaryotic cells. An important structural component of these microdomains is the protein flotillin, which seems to act as a chaperone in recruiting other proteins to lipid rafts to facilitate their interaction. In eukaryotic cells, the occurren ...
DOI:
10.1128/mBio.00719-13
PubMed:
24222488
PubMed Central:
PMC3892786

18. Possibility of the spectrophotometric determination of europium by means of arsenazo iii

Author:
Uhrovčík, Jozef; Gyeváthová, Monika; Lesný, Juraj
Source:
Nova biotechnologica et chimica 2013 v.12 no.2 pp. 93-99
ISSN:
1338-6905
Subject:
EDTA (chelating agent); absorbance; absorption; aqueous solutions; cations; detection limit; europium; minerals; models; spectrophotometers; statistical analysis; stoichiometry; uranium; wavelengths
Abstract:
... The concentration of Eu(III) cations in model aqueous solutions can be quantified by means of Arsenazo III reagent. Absorbance of the solution was measured at the wavelength λmax = 655 nm. Molar absorptivity reached the value ε655 = 5.5±0.2 · 10⁴ cm⁻¹ mol⁻¹ · dm³. Beer's law was obeyed in the range from 0 to 2 mg · dm⁻³ Eu(III). The value of limit of detection was established by application of 3σ ...
DOI:
10.2478/nbec-2013-0011

19. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of “Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique” Describe the First PII-Independent Response to Nitrogen Limitation in a Free-Living Alphaproteobacterium

Author:
Smith, Daniel P.; Thrash, J. Cameron; Nicora, Carrie D.; Lipton, Mary S.; Burnum-Johnson, Kristin E.; Carini, Paul; Smith, Richard D.; Giovannoni, Stephen J.
Source:
mBio 2013 v.4 no.6 pp. e00133-12
ISSN:
2150-7511
Subject:
alpha-Proteobacteria; enzymes; gene expression regulation; glutamic acid; glutamine; messenger RNA; microorganisms; models; nitrogen; nutrients; opines; parasites; protein synthesis; proteome; proteomics; regulator genes; starvation; stress response; surveys; taurine; transcription (genetics); transcription factors; transcriptome; transcriptomics; translation (genetics); transporters
Abstract:
... Nitrogen is one of the major nutrients limiting microbial productivity in the ocean, and as a result, most marine microorganisms have evolved systems for responding to nitrogen stress. The highly abundant alphaproteobacterium “ Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique,” a cultured member of the order Pelagibacterales (SAR11), lacks the canonical GlnB, GlnD, GlnK, and NtrB/NtrC genes for regulating nitrogen ...
DOI:
10.1128/mBio.00133-12
PubMed:
24281717
PubMed Central:
PMC3870248

20. Self-Healing Vesicles Deposit Lipid-Coated Janus Particles into Nanoscopic Trenches

Author:
Yong, Xin; Crabb, Emily J.; Moellers, Nicholas M.; Balazs, Anna C.
Source:
Langmuir 2013 v.29 no.52 pp. 16066-16074
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
coatings; finishes; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; lipids; models; nanoparticles; surfactants
Abstract:
... Using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations, we model the interaction between nanoscopic lipid vesicles and Janus nanoparticles localized on an adhesive substrate in the presence of an imposed flow. The system is immersed in a hydrophilic solution, and the hydrophilic substrate contains nanoscopic trenches, which are either step- or wedge-shaped. The fluid-driven vesicle successfully pic ...
DOI:
10.1021/la4039182

21. Structural characterization and IgE epitope analysis of arginine kinase from Scylla paramamosain

Author:
Mao, Hai-Yan; Cao, Min-Jie; Maleki, Soheila J.; Cai, Qiu-Feng; Su, Wen-Jin; Yang, Yang; Liu, Guang-Ming
Source:
Molecular Immunology 2013 v.56 pp. 463-470
ISSN:
0161-5890
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Scylla paramamosain; Western blotting; allergens; amino acids; arginine kinase; bioinformatics; complementary DNA; crabs; cross reaction; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; epitopes; glycoproteins; immunoglobulin E; models; molecular weight; patients; peptides; shellfish
Abstract:
... Arginine kinase (AK) is reported to be the pan-allergen of shellfish. However, there is limited information on its IgE epitopes and structural characteristics. In this study, AK from Scylla paramamosain was purified and characterized. The purified AK is a glycoprotein with the molecular weight of 40kDa and it demonstrates cross-reactivity with the related allergens present in other shellfish. The ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molimm.2013.04.016

22. The ABC-Type Efflux Pump MacAB Protects Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium from Oxidative Stress

Author:
Bogomolnaya, Lydia M.; Andrews, Katharine D.; Talamantes, Marissa; Maple, Aimee; Ragoza, Yury; Vazquez-Torres, Andres; Andrews-Polymenis, Helene
Source:
mBio 2013 v.4 no.6 pp. e00630-13
ISSN:
2150-7511
Subject:
Salmonella Typhimurium; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; bacteria; colitis; cytotoxicity; excretion; hydrogen peroxide; intestines; macrophages; mice; mixed culture; models; mutants; niches; oxidative stress; transporters; virulence
Abstract:
... Multidrug efflux pumps are integral membrane proteins known to actively excrete antibiotics. The macrolide-specific pump MacAB, the only ABC-type drug efflux pump in Salmonella , has previously been linked to virulence in mice. The molecular mechanism of this link between macAB and infection is unclear. We demonstrate that macAB plays a role in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ...
DOI:
10.1128/mBio.00630-13
PubMed:
24169575
PubMed Central:
PMC3809562

23. The Conformation of Lipid-Free Human Apolipoprotein A-I in Solution

Author:
Pollard, Ricquita D.; Fulp, Brian; Samuel, Michael P.; Sorci-Thomas, Mary G.; Thomas, Michael J.
Source:
Biochemistry 2013 v.52 no.52 pp. 9470-9481
ISSN:
1520-4995
Subject:
ABC transporters; apolipoprotein A-I; crosslinking; cysteine; high density lipoprotein; humans; mice; models; mutation; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; peptides; proteolysis; tandem mass spectrometry
Abstract:
... Apolipoprotein AI (apoA-I) is the principal acceptor of lipids from ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, a process that yields nascent high density lipoproteins. Analysis of lipidated apoA-I conformation yields a belt or twisted belt in which two strands of apoA-I lie antiparallel to one another. In contrast, biophysical studies have suggested that a part of lipid-free apoA-I was arranged in a fou ...
DOI:
10.1021/bi401080k
PubMed:
24308268
PubMed Central:
PMC3926756

24. Toward a structure-based comprehension of the lectin pathway of complement

Author:
Kjaer, Troels R.; Thiel, Steffen; Andersen, Gregers R.
Source:
Molecular Immunology 2013 v.56 pp. 413-422
ISSN:
0161-5890
Subject:
complement; crystallography; lectins; models; pathogens; polysaccharides; serine proteinases; transcriptional activation
Abstract:
... To initiate the lectin pathway of complement pattern recognition molecules bind to surface-linked carbohydrates or acetyl groups on pathogens or damaged self-tissue. This leads to activation of the serine proteases MASP-1 and MASP-2 resulting in deposition of C4 on the activator and assembly of the C3 convertase. In addition MASP-3 and the non-catalytic MAp19 and MAp44 presumably play regulatory f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.007

25. Triptolide ameliorates ileocolonic anastomosis inflammation in IL-10 deficient mice by mechanism involving suppression of miR-155/SHIP-1 signaling pathway

Author:
Wu, Rong; Li, Yi; Guo, Zhen; Gong, Jianfeng; Zhu, Weiming; Li, Ning; Li, Jieshou
Source:
Molecular Immunology 2013 v.56 pp. 340-346
ISSN:
0161-5890
Subject:
Crohn disease; Tripterygium wilfordii; inflammation; interleukin-10; intestines; mice; models; resection; signal transduction
Abstract:
... The model of ileocaecal resection (ICR) in IL-10−/− mice provides us a new way to investigate the postsurgical inflammation of intestinal anastomosis. As an extracts isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), triptolide has been used to treat Crohn's disease for years. Several mechanisms have been interpreted in previous studies. MiR-155, which can be inhibited by triptolide, has a powerf ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.006

26. Vector of the eu and russia integration in the sustainable development

Author:
Ivolga, Anna; Labenko, Oleksandr; Ivolga, Ivan
Source:
Visegrad journal on bioeconomy and sustainable development 2013 v.2 no.2 pp. 53-56
ISSN:
1338-8339
Subject:
European Union; bioeconomics; issues and policy; models; sustainable development; trade; Russia
Abstract:
... Throughout history, Russia and the EU have always been the key players in the region. However, even though both sides have a massive historical and geographical background, there is still no effective model of RU-EU integration. Furthermore, the power and wealth centers are rapidly moving towards APEC these days, which is a matter of crucial importance for the partners, as Europe loses its positio ...
DOI:
10.2478/vjbsd-2013-0010

27. A novel uHPLC–MS/MS method for the quantitation of AZD7451 (AZ12607092) in human plasma

Author:
Peer, Cody J.; Brown, Jeffrey L.; Martin, Timothy J.; Roth, Jeffrey; Spencer, Shawn D.; Brassil, Patrick; McNeill, Katharine A.; Kreisl, Teri N.; Fine, Howard A.; Figg, William D.
Source:
Journal of Chromatography B 2013 v.942-943 pp. 107-112
ISSN:
1570-0232
Subject:
ambient temperature; assays; chromatography; freeze-thaw cycles; half life; humans; liquid-liquid extraction; models; neoplasms; pharmacokinetics; phosphotransferases (kinases); quantitative analysis; receptors
Abstract:
... Tropomyosin-related kinases (Trk) are tyrosine kinase receptors implicated in tumor proliferation, invasion, and survival signaling across a number of tumors, making them potentially attractive targets for the treatment of cancer. AZD7451 is a potent and selective inhibitor of Trk kinases currently undergoing a Phase I dose escalation in glioblastoma multiforme at the National Cancer Institute. A ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.023
PubMed:
24239935
PubMed Central:
PMC3864870

28. A Southern California Icon Surfs North: Local Ecotype of California Grunion, Leuresthes tenuis (Atherinopsidae), Revealed by Multiple Approaches during Temporary Habitat Expansion into San Francisco Bay

Author:
Martin, Karen L. M.; Hieb, Kathryn A.; Roberts, Dale A.
Source:
Copeia 2013 v.2013 no.4 pp. 729-739
ISSN:
0045-8511
Subject:
Leuresthes tenuis; adults; aquatic organisms; beaches; climate change; ecotypes; eggs; habitats; longevity; markets; models; phenotype; population size; reproductive performance; spawning; California
Abstract:
... California Grunion Leuresthes tenuis, a beach spawning marine teleost, was described from a specimen purchased at a San Francisco market in 1859, but not subsequently seen there for 140 years. From 2001–2007, L. tenuis spawned on beaches in San Francisco Bay (SFB, 37°45′N, 122°15′W) at multiple locations, but disappeared after 2008. In 2005, L. tenuis started spawning for the first time on a beach ...
DOI:
10.1643/CI-13-036

29. Effects of Allometry, Sex, and River Location on Morphological Variation of Freshwater Drum Aplodinotus grunniens in the Wabash River, USA

Author:
Jacquemin, Stephen J.; Pyron, Mark
Source:
Copeia 2013 v.2013 no.4 pp. 740-749
ISSN:
0045-8511
Subject:
Aplodinotus grunniens; allometry; body size; models; morphometry; phenotypic plasticity; phylogeny; rivers; United States
Abstract:
... Morphology frequently varies with phylogeny, body size, sex, and phenotypic plasticity. However, the relative influence of these variables is unknown for most taxa. Morphological variation of Freshwater Drum Aplodinotus grunniens in the Wabash River, USA was described using geometric morphometrics. A MANCOVA model of shape indicated that morphological variation was primarily influenced by allometr ...
DOI:
10.1643/CI-13-022

30. Factors Influencing Survival and Mark Retention in Postmetamorphic Boreal Chorus Frogs

Author:
Swanson, Jennifer E.; Bailey, Larissa L.; Muths, Erin; Funk, W. Chris
Source:
Copeia 2013 v.2013 no.4 pp. 670-675
ISSN:
0045-8511
Subject:
feet; field experimentation; frogs; life history; models; mortality
Abstract:
... The ability to track individual animals is crucial in many field studies and often requires applying marks to captured individuals. Toe clipping has historically been a standard marking method for wild amphibian populations, but more recent marking methods include visual implant elastomer and photo identification. Unfortunately, few studies have investigated the influence and effectiveness of mark ...
DOI:
10.1643/CH-12-129

31. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of a novel marine fibrinolytic compound in Wistar rat following intravenous administrations

Author:
Su, Tongwei; Wu, Wenhui; Yan, Ting; Zhang, Chaoyan; Zhu, Quangang; Bao, Bin
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2013 v.942-943 pp. 77-82
ISSN:
1570-0232
Subject:
liver; intravenous injection; drugs; brain; models; high performance liquid chromatography; tissue distribution; rats; temperature; small intestine; pharmacokinetics; half life
Abstract:
... We investigated a novel marine fibrinolytic compound for use in thrombolytic therapy. Pharmacokinetics and the tissue distribution of this novel marine fibrinolytic compound, FGFC1² (fungi fibrinolytic compound 1), were investigated in Wistar rats after intravenous (IV) bolus administration of two concentrations (10 and 20mg/kg). Plasma FGFC1 and tissue extracts were measured using HPLC with UV de ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.031

32. A multivariate model for predicting segmental body composition

Author:
Tian, Simiao; Mioche, Laurence; Denis, Jean-Baptiste; Morio, Béatrice
Source:
The British journal of nutrition 2013 v.110 no.12 pp. 2260-2270
ISSN:
1475-2662
Subject:
Hispanics; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; body composition; body mass index; data collection; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; fat body; men; models; multivariate analysis; prediction; public health; waist circumference; women
Abstract:
... The aims of the present study were to propose a multivariate model for predicting simultaneously body, trunk and appendicular fat and lean masses from easily measured variables and to compare its predictive capacity with that of the available univariate models that predict body fat percentage (BF%). The dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) dataset (52 % men and 48 % women) with White, Black and ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0007114513001803
PubMed:
23841947

33. HPMA copolymer-based combination therapy toxic to both prostate cancer stem/progenitor cells and differentiated cells induces durable anti-tumor effects

Author:
Zhou, Yan; Yang, Jiyuan; Rhim, Johng S.; Kopeček, Jindřich
Source:
Journal of controlled release 2013 v.172 no.3 pp. 946-953
ISSN:
0168-3659
Subject:
drugs; metastasis; mice; models; molecular weight; neoplasm cells; polymerization; prostatic neoplasms; regrowth; solubility; stem cells; therapeutics; toxicity
Abstract:
... Current treatments for prostate cancer are still not satisfactory, often resulting in tumor regrowth and metastasis. One of the main reasons for the ineffective anti-prostate cancer treatments is the failure to deplete cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) — a subset of cancer cells with enhanced tumorigenic capacity. Thus, combination of agents against both CSCs and bulk tumor cells may offer better ther ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.005
PubMed:
24041709
PubMed Central:
PMC3858468

34. Liposome co-encapsulation of synergistic combination of irinotecan and doxorubicin for the treatment of intraperitoneally grown ovarian tumor xenograft

Author:
Shaikh, Ishaque M.; Tan, Kuan-Boone; Chaudhury, Anumita; Liu, Yuanjie; Tan, Bee-Jen; Tan, Bernice M.J.; Chiu, Gigi N.C.
Source:
Journal of controlled release 2013 v.172 no.3 pp. 852-861
ISSN:
0168-3659
Subject:
clinical trials; doxorubicin; encapsulation; humans; manganese; models; pH
Abstract:
... Liposome co-encapsulation of synergistic anti-cancer drug combination is an emerging area that has demonstrated therapeutic benefit in clinical trials. Remote loading of two or more drugs into a single liposome constitutes a new challenge that calls for a re-examination of drug loading strategies to allow the loading of the drug combination efficiently and with high drug content. In this study, th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.025

35. Mind the gap: A survey of how cancer drug carriers are susceptible to the gap between research and practice

Author:
Stirland, Darren Lars; Nichols, Joseph W.; Miura, Seiji; Bae, You Han
Source:
Journal of controlled release 2013 v.172 no.3 pp. 1045-1064
ISSN:
0168-3659
Subject:
drug carriers; drug therapy; drugs; humans; models; nanoparticles; neoplasms; pharmacokinetics; surveys; toxicity
Abstract:
... With countless research papers using preclinical models and showing the superiority of nanoparticle design over current drug therapies used to treat cancers, it is surprising how deficient the translation of these nano-sized drug carriers into the clinical setting is. This review article seeks to compare the preclinical and clinical results for Doxil®, PK1, Abraxane®, Genexol-PM®, Xyotax™, NC-6004 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.026
PubMed:
24096014
PubMed Central:
PMC3889175

36. Multimodal imaging enables early detection and characterization of changes in tumor permeability of brain metastases

Author:
Thorsen, Frits; Fite, Brett; Mahakian, Lisa M.; Seo, Jai W.; Qin, Shengping; Harrison, Victoria; Johnson, Sarah; Ingham, Elizabeth; Caskey, Charles; Sundstrøm, Terje; Meade, Thomas J.; Harter, Patrick N.; Skaftnesmo, Kai Ove; Ferrara, Katherine W.
Source:
Journal of controlled release 2013 v.172 no.3 pp. 812-822
ISSN:
0168-3659
Subject:
bioluminescence; blood; brain; detection limit; histology; humans; image analysis; magnetic resonance imaging; melanoma; metastasis; mice; models; molecular weight; neoplasm cells; patients; permeability; pharmacokinetics; positron-emission tomography; therapeutics; tracer techniques
Abstract:
... Our goal was to develop strategies to quantify the accumulation of model therapeutics in small brain metastases using multimodal imaging, in order to enhance the potential for successful treatment. Human melanoma cells were injected into the left cardiac ventricle of immunodeficient mice. Bioluminescent, MR and PET imaging were applied to evaluate the limits of detection and potential for contrast ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.019
PubMed:
24161382
PubMed Central:
PMC3922207

37. Persistence of non-viral vector mediated RPE65 expression: Case for viability as a gene transfer therapy for RPE-based diseases

Author:
Koirala, Adarsha; Conley, Shannon M.; Makkia, Rasha; Liu, Zhao; Cooper, Mark J.; Sparrow, Janet R.; Naash, Muna I.
Source:
Journal of controlled release 2013 v.172 no.3 pp. 745-752
ISSN:
0168-3659
Subject:
electroretinography; epithelium; esters; eyes; fluorescent antibody technique; gene expression; gene therapy; gene transfer; genes; life cycle assessment; mice; models; mutation; nanoparticles; phenotype; plasmids; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; toxicity; viability
Abstract:
... Mutations in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) gene RPE65 are associated with multiple blinding diseases including Leber's Congenital Amaurosis (LCA). Our goal has been to develop persistent, effective non-viral genetic therapies to treat this condition. Using precisely engineered DNA vectors and high capacity compacted DNA nanoparticles (NP), we previously demonstrated that both plasmid and NP ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.299
PubMed:
24035979
PubMed Central:
PMC3858392

38. Photothermal therapy of tumors in lymph nodes using gold nanorods and near-infrared laser light

Author:
Okuno, Tatsuki; Kato, Shigeki; Hatakeyama, Yuriko; Okajima, Junnosuke; Maruyama, Shigenao; Sakamoto, Maya; Mori, Shiro; Kodama, Tetsuya
Source:
Journal of controlled release 2013 v.172 no.3 pp. 879-884
ISSN:
0168-3659
Subject:
adverse effects; blood veins; gold; humans; irradiation; lymph nodes; metastasis; mice; models; monitoring; nanorods; neoplasm cells; neoplasms; tail; temperature; therapeutics
Abstract:
... Lymph node dissection for regional nodal metastasis is a primary option, but is invasive and associated with adverse effects. The development of non-invasive therapeutic methods in preclinical experiments using mice has been restricted by the small lymph node size and the limited techniques available for non-invasive monitoring of lymph node metastasis. Here, we show that photothermal therapy (PTT ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.014

39. Tumor growth inhibition through targeting liposomally bound curcumin to tumor vasculature

Author:
Mondal, Goutam; Barui, Sugata; Saha, Soumen; Chaudhuri, Arabinda
Source:
Journal of controlled release 2013 v.172 no.3 pp. 832-840
ISSN:
0168-3659
Subject:
apoptosis; bioavailability; cholesterol; clinical trials; curcumin; drug delivery systems; endothelial cells; endothelium; flow cytometry; growth retardation; humans; immunohistochemistry; lipopeptides; melanoma; mice; models; phosphorylation; propidium; solubilization
Abstract:
... Increasing number of Phase I/II clinical studies have demonstrated clinical potential of curcumin for treatment of various types of human cancers. Despite significant anti-tumor efficacies and bio-safety profiles of curcumin, poor systemic bioavailability is retarding its clinical success. Efforts are now being directed toward developing stable formulations of curcumin using various drug delivery ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.302

40. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Proton Hopping in a Model Polymer Membrane B

Author:
Devanathan, Ram; Idupulapati, Nagesh; Baer, Marcel D.; Mundy, Christopher J.; Dupuis, Michel
Source:
The Journal of physical chemistry 2013 v.117 no.51 pp. 16522-16529
ISSN:
1520-5207
Subject:
cell membranes; chemical elements; diffusivity; fuel cells; hops; models; molecular dynamics; polymers
Abstract:
... We report the results of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of a model Nafion polymer membrane initially equilibrated using classical molecular dynamics simulations. We studied three hydration levels (λ) of 3, 9, and 15 H₂O/SO₃– corresponding to dry, hydrated, and saturated fuel cell membrane, respectively. The barrier for proton transfer from the SO₃––H₃O⁺ contact ion pair to a solvent-sepa ...
DOI:
10.1021/jp410229u

41. Comparative Evaluation of Diagnostic Tools for Oxidative Deterioration of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Infant Formulas during Storage

Author:
Siefarth, Caroline; Serfert, Yvonne; Drusch, Stephan; Buettner, Andrea
Source:
Foods 2013 v.3 no.1 pp. 30-65
ISSN:
2304-8158
Subject:
autoxidation; beta oxidation; copper; diagnostic techniques; encapsulation; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; infant formulas; lipid peroxidation; lipid peroxides; mineral content; models; monitoring; nutrition risk assessment; odors; off flavors; olfactometry; palmitates; polyunsaturated fatty acids; vitamin E
Abstract:
... The challenge in the development of infant formulas enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is to meet the consumers’ expectations with regard to high nutritional and sensory value. In particular, PUFAs may be prone to fatty acid oxidation that can generate potential rancid, metallic and/or fishy off-flavors. Although such off-flavors pose no health risk, they can nevertheless lead to re ...
DOI:
10.3390/foods3010030

42. Evaluation of Version-7 TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis Product during the Beijing Extreme Heavy Rainfall Event of 21 July 2012

Author:
Huang, Yong; Chen, Sheng; Cao, Qing; Hong, Yang; Wu, Biwen; Huang, Mengyu; Qiao, Lei; Zhang, Zengxin; Li, Zhe; Li, Weiyue; Yang, Xiuqin
Source:
Water 2013 v.6 no.1 pp. 32-44
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
climatology; landslides; latitude; models; mountains; radar; rain; rain gauges; remote sensing; satellites; storms; temporal variation; urban areas; China
Abstract:
... The latest Version-7 (V7) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) products were released by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in December of 2012. Their performance on different climatology, locations, and precipitation types is of great interest to the satellite-based precipitation community. This paper presents a study of TM ...
DOI:
10.3390/w6010032

43. Homosecoiridoid Alkaloids with Amino Acid Units from the Flower Buds of Lonicera japonica

Author:
Yu, Yang; Zhu, Chenggen; Wang, Sujuan; Song, Weixia; Yang, Yongchun; Shi, Jiangong
Source:
Journal of natural products 2013 v.76 no.12 pp. 2226-2233
ISSN:
1520-6025
Subject:
Enterovirus; Influenza A virus; Lonicera japonica; alkaloids; antiviral properties; buds; hydrolysates; hydrolysis; inhibitory concentration 50; models; niacin; oxidation; phenylalanine; spectral analysis
Abstract:
... Nine new homosecoiridoid alkaloids, named lonijaposides O–W (1–9), along with 19 known compounds, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data analysis and chemical methods. Lonijaposides O–W have structural features that involve amino acid units sharing the N atom with a pyridinium ...
DOI:
10.1021/np4005773

44. Hydrogen Atom in Water from Ambient to High Temperatures B

Author:
Pomogaeva, Anna; Chipman, Daniel M.
Source:
The Journal of physical chemistry 2013 v.117 no.51 pp. 16530-16541
ISSN:
1520-5207
Subject:
ambient temperature; diffusivity; hydrogen; hydrogen bonding; models; molecular dynamics
Abstract:
... The aqueous hydrogen atom is studied with molecular dynamics simulations from ambient temperature to near the critical point. The radial distribution functions find a hydrogen atom coordination number of about 13 water molecules at 300 K to about 4 water molecules at 646 K. The radial and angular distribution functions indicate that first-shell water molecules tend to orient to maximize hydrogen b ...
DOI:
10.1021/jp4106844

45. Identifying, By First-Principles Simulations, Cu[Amyloid-β] Species Making Fenton-Type Reactions in Alzheimer’s Disease B

Author:
La Penna, Giovanni; Hureau, Christelle; Andreussi, Oliviero; Faller, Peter
Source:
The Journal of physical chemistry 2013 v.117 no.51 pp. 16455-16467
ISSN:
1520-5207
Subject:
Alzheimer disease; amyloid; copper; hydrogen peroxide; hydroxyl radicals; models; neurotoxicity; oxidative stress; peptides; structure-activity relationships
Abstract:
... According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) play a causative role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), of which oligomeric forms are proposed to be the most neurotoxic by provoking oxidative stress. Copper ions seem to play an important role as they are bound to Aβ in amyloid plaques, a hallmark of AD. Moreover, Cu–Aβ complexes are able to catalyze the production of hydrogen perox ...
DOI:
10.1021/jp410046w

46. Inter-Event Time Definition Setting Procedure for Urban Drainage Systems

Author:
Joo, Jingul; Lee, Jungho; Kim, Joong Hoon; Jun, Hwandon; Jo, Deokjun
Source:
Water 2013 v.6 no.1 pp. 45-58
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
basins; drainage systems; models; rain; runoff; statistical analysis; stormwater management; watersheds; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Traditional inter-event time definition (IETD) estimate methodologies generally take into account only rainfall characteristics and not drainage basin characteristics. Therefore, they may not succeed in providing an appropriate value of IETD for any sort of application to the design of urban drainage system devices. To overcome this limitation, this study presents a method of IETD determination th ...
DOI:
10.3390/w6010045

47. Ionic Conductivity of Mixed Glass Former 0.35Na2O + 0.65[xB2O3 + (1 – x)P2O5] Glasses B

Author:
Christensen, Randilynn; Olson, Garrett; Martin, Steve W.
Source:
The Journal of physical chemistry 2013 v.117 no.51 pp. 16577-16586
ISSN:
1520-5207
Subject:
activation energy; borates; boron; cations; ceramics; energy; glass; glass transition temperature; models; phosphates; phosphorus; phosphorus pentoxide; physical chemistry; sodium
Abstract:
... The mixed glass former effect (MGFE) is defined as a nonlinear and nonadditive change in the ionic conductivity with changing glass former fraction at constant modifier composition between two binary glass forming compositions. In this study, mixed glass former (MGF) sodium borophosphate glasses, 0.35Na₂O + 0.65[xB₂O₃ + (1 – x)P₂O₅], 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, have been prepared, and their sodium ionic conductivi ...
DOI:
10.1021/jp409497z

48. Modeling Excluded Volume Effects for the Faithful Description of the Background Signal in Double Electron–Electron Resonance B

Author:
Kattnig, Daniel R.; Reichenwallner, Jörg; Hinderberger, Dariush
Source:
The Journal of physical chemistry 2013 v.117 no.51 pp. 16542-16557
ISSN:
1520-5207
Subject:
electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; human serum albumin; models; physical chemistry; probability
Abstract:
... We discuss excluded volume effects on the background signal of double electron–electron resonance (DEER) experiments. Assuming spherically symmetric pervaded volumes, an analytical expression of the background signal is derived based on the shell-factorization approach. The effects of crowding and off-center label positions are discussed. Crowding is taken into account using the Percus–Yevick appr ...
DOI:
10.1021/jp408338q

49. Probing the Contribution of Different Intermolecular Forces to the Adsorption of Spheroproteins onto Hydrophilic Surfaces B

Author:
Borges, João; Campiña, José M.; Silva, A. Fernando
Source:
The Journal of physical chemistry 2013 v.117 no.51 pp. 16565-16576
ISSN:
1520-5207
Subject:
adsorption; atomic force microscopy; beta-lactoglobulin; cattle; electrochemistry; electrostatic interactions; hydrophilicity; models; monitoring; pH; quartz; scanning electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Protein adsorption is a delicate process, which results from the balance between the properties of proteins and their solid supports. Although the relevance of some of these parameters has been already unveiled, the precise involvement of electrostatics and other weaker intermolecular forces requires further comprehension. Aiming to contribute to this task, this work explores the attachment, rearr ...
DOI:
10.1021/jp409238b

50. Pseudo-Rephasing and Pseudo-Free-Induction-Decay Mechanism in Two-Color Three-Pulse Photon Echo of a Binary System B

Author:
Dong, Hui; Ryu, Ian Seungwan; Fleming, Graham R.
Source:
The Journal of physical chemistry 2013 v.117 no.51 pp. 16416-16421
ISSN:
1520-5207
Subject:
asymmetry; models; photons; physical chemistry
Abstract:
... We investigate the two-color three-pulse photon echo peak shift in a (left–right) binary system, where each component consists of a heterodimer. On the basis of the model, we find that the effect of the excitonic asymmetry between two components leads to an additional factor in the peak shift. A pseudo-rephasing and pseudo-free-induction-decay mechanism is proposed to explain the resultant negativ ...
DOI:
10.1021/jp409352z