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1. Allocation of carbon to fine root compounds and their residence times in a boreal forest depend on root size class and season

Author:
Keel, Sonja G.; Campbell, Catherine D.; Högberg, Mona N.; Richter, Andreas; Wild, Birgit; Zhou, Xuhui; Hurry, Vaughan; Linder, Sune; Näsholm, Torgny; Högberg, Peter
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 972-981
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
boreal forests; carbon; photosynthates; root tips; starch; sugars; summer
Abstract:
... • Fine roots play a key role in the forest carbon balance, but their carbon dynamics remain largely unknown. • We pulse labelled 50 m2 patches of young boreal forest by exposure to 13CO2 in early and late summer. Labelled photosynthates were traced into carbon compounds of < 1 and 1–3 mm diameter roots (fine roots), and into bulk tissue of these and first‐order roots (root tips). • Root tips were ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04120.x
PubMed:
22452424

2. A root‐knot nematode‐secreted protein is injected into giant cells and targeted to the nuclei

Author:
Jaouannet, Maëlle; Perfus‐Barbeoch, Laetitia; Deleury, Emeline; Magliano, Marc; Engler, Gilbert; Vieira, Paulo; Danchin, Etienne G. J.; Rocha, Martine Da; Coquillard, Patrick; Abad, Pierre; Rosso, Marie‐Noëlle
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 924-931
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
plant tissues; giant cells; proteins; Meloidogyne incognita; hosts; expressed sequence tags; esophagus; cell nucleus; genomics; stylets; cell differentiation; root-knot nematodes; databases; juveniles
Abstract:
... • Root‐knot nematodes (RKNs) are obligate endoparasites that maintain a biotrophic relationship with their hosts over a period of several weeks and induce the differentiation of root cells into specialized feeding cells. Nematode effectors synthesized in the oesophageal glands and injected into the plant tissue through the syringe‐like stylet certainly play a central role in these processes. • In ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04164.x
PubMed:
22540860

3. Biological control of bacterial wilt in Arabidopsis thaliana involves abscissic acid signalling

Author:
Feng, Dong Xin; Tasset, Céline; Hanemian, Mathieu; Barlet, Xavier; Hu, Jian; Trémousaygue, Dominique; Deslandes, Laurent; Marco, Yves
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 1035-1045
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; Ralstonia solanacearum; abscisic acid; bacterial colonization; bacterial wilt; biological control; biological control agents; biosynthesis; cellulose; ethylene; gene expression; gene expression regulation; jasmonic acid; multigene family; mutants; pathogenicity; plant pathogenic bacteria; resistance mechanisms; salicylic acid; tomatoes; xylem
Abstract:
... • Means to control bacterial wilt caused by the phytopathogenic root bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum are limited. Mutants in a large cluster of genes (hrp) involved in the pathogenicity of R. solanacearum were successfully used in a previous study as endophytic biocontrol agents in challenge inoculation experiments on tomato. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling this resistance remained u ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04113.x
PubMed:
22432714

4. Cellular glutathione redox homeostasis plays an important role in the brassinosteroid‐induced increase in CO2 assimilation in Cucumis sativus

Author:
Jiang, Yu‐Ping; Cheng, Fei; Zhou, Yan‐Hong; Xia, Xiao‐Jian; Mao, Wei‐Hua; Shi, Kai; Chen, Zhixiang; Yu, Jing‐Quan
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 932-943
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Cucumis sativus; Western blotting; biosynthesis; brassinosteroids; carbon; carbon dioxide; cucumbers; enzyme activation; enzyme activity; glutathione; homeostasis; pentoses; phosphates; photosynthesis; plant growth; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; stress tolerance
Abstract:
... • Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a vital role in plant growth, stress tolerance and productivity. Here, the involvement of BRs in the regulation of CO2 assimilation and cellular redox homeostasis was studied. • The effects of BRs on CO2 assimilation were studied in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) through the analysis of the accumulation of H2O2 and glutathione and photosynthesis‐related enzyme activities ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04111.x
PubMed:
22432590

5. Diversity and evolution of ectomycorrhizal host associations in the Sclerodermatineae (Boletales, Basidiomycota)

Author:
Wilson, Andrew W.; Binder, Manfred; Hibbett, David S.
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 1079-1095
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Astraeus; Calostoma; Pisolithus; data collection; ectomycorrhizae; forests; geographical distribution; host range; internal transcribed spacers; phylogeny; plant communities; North America
Abstract:
... • This study uses phylogenetic analysis of the Sclerodermatineae to reconstruct the evolution of ectomycorrhizal host associations in the group using divergence dating, ancestral range and ancestral state reconstructions. • Supermatrix and supertree analysis were used to create the most inclusive phylogeny for the Sclerodermatineae. Divergence dates were estimated in BEAST. Lagrange was used to re ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04109.x
PubMed:
22471405

6. Dysfunction of mitotic cell division at shoot apices triggered severe growth abortion in interspecific hybrids between tetraploid wheat and Aegilops tauschii

Author:
Hatano, Hitoshi; Mizuno, Nobuyuki; Matsuda, Ryusuke; Shitsukawa, Naoki; Park, Pyoyun; Takumi, Shigeo
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 1143-1154
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Aegilops tauschii; cell division; early development; endopolyploidy; gene expression; homeotic genes; hybrids; leaf primordia; necrosis; phenotype; seedlings; shoot meristems; tetraploidy; transcription factors; wheat; wild relatives
Abstract:
... • Common wheat is an allohexaploid species, derived through endoreduplication of an interspecific triploid hybrid produced from a cross between cultivated tetraploid wheat and the wild diploid relative Aegilops tauschii. Hybrid incompatibilities, including hybrid necrosis, have been observed in triploid wheat hybrids. A limited number of A. tauschii accessions show hybrid lethality in triploid hyb ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04125.x
PubMed:
22436033

7. Ethylene in vegetative development: a tale with a riddle

Author:
Vandenbussche, Filip; Vaseva, Irina; Vissenberg, Kris; Van Der Straeten, Dominique
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 895-909
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Arabidopsis; auxins; ethylene; ethylene production; plant architecture
Abstract:
... CONTENTS: Summary 895 I. Introduction 895 II. A snapshot view on the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathway in Arabidopsis 896 III. Autocontrol of ethylene biosynthesis 897 IV. Mechanistic control of ethylene signal components 898 V. The auxin–ethylene circle 901 VI. Tissue‐ and cell‐type‐specific regulation of ethylene 903 VII. Cellular basis of ethylene effects on growth 904 Acknowledgement ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04100.x
PubMed:
22404712

8. Herbivore‐induced plant volatiles mediate host selection by a root herbivore

Author:
Robert, Christelle A. M.; Erb, Matthias; Duployer, Marianne; Zwahlen, Claudia; Doyen, Gwladys R.; Turlings, Ted C. J.
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 1061-1069
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Diabrotica virgifera; Spodoptera littoralis; ethylene; herbivores; host plants; insect larvae; leaves; root growth; roots
Abstract:
... • In response to herbivore attack, plants mobilize chemical defenses and release distinct bouquets of volatiles. Aboveground herbivores are known to use changes in leaf volatile patterns to make foraging decisions, but it remains unclear whether belowground herbivores also use volatiles to select suitable host plants. • We therefore investigated how above‐ and belowground infestation affects the p ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04127.x
PubMed:
22486361

9. Insight into trade‐off between wood decay and parasitism from the genome of a fungal forest pathogen

Author:
Olson, Åke; Aerts, Andrea; Asiegbu, Fred; Belbahri, Lassaad; Bouzid, Ourdia; Broberg, Anders; Canbäck, Björn; Coutinho, Pedro M.; Cullen, Dan; Dalman, Kerstin; Deflorio, Giuliana; van Diepen, Linda T.A.; Dunand, Christophe; Duplessis, Sébastien; Durling, Mikael; Gonthier, Paolo; Grimwood, Jane; Fossdal, Carl Gunnar; Hansson, David; Henrissat, Bernard; Hietala, Ari; Himmelstrand, Kajsa; Hoffmeister, Dirk; Högberg, Nils; James, Timothy Y.; Karlsson, Magnus; Kohler, Annegret; Kües, Ursula; Lee, Yong‐Hwan; Lin, Yao‐Cheng; Lind, Mårten; Lindquist, Erika; Lombard, Vincent; Lucas, Susan; Lundén, Karl; Morin, Emmanuelle; Murat, Claude; Park, Jongsun; Raffaello, Tommaso; Rouzé, Pierre; Salamov, Asaf; Schmutz, Jeremy; Solheim, Halvor; Ståhlberg, Jerry; Vélëz, Heriberto; de Vries, Ronald P.; Wiebenga, Ad; Woodward, Steve; Yakovlev, Igor; Garbelotto, Matteo; Martin, Francis; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Stenlid, Jan
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 1001-1013
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Heterobasidion annosum; Pinus; biogeochemical cycles; carbohydrates; decayed wood; enzymes; esophagus; forest ecosystems; forests; fungi; genes; hosts; oxidative stress; parasitism; pathogenicity; pathogens; quantitative trait loci; secondary metabolites; transposons
Abstract:
... • Parasitism and saprotrophic wood decay are two fungal strategies fundamental for succession and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. An opportunity to assess the trade‐off between these strategies is provided by the forest pathogen and wood decayer Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato. • We report the annotated genome sequence and transcript profiling, as well as the quantitative trait loci mappi ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04128.x
PubMed:
22463738

10. Leaf temperatures in glasshouses and open‐top chambers

Author:
De Boeck, Hans J.; De Groote, Toon; Nijs, Ivan
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 1155-1164
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
canopy; plant communities; air temperature; models; climate change; energy balance; wind speed; air; ecosystems; stomata; optical properties; climate; greenhouses
Abstract:
... • Climate manipulation experiments are of key importance in identifying possible responses of plant communities and ecosystems to climate change. Experiments for warming the air under sunlit conditions are carried out in (partial) enclosures. These inevitably alter the energy balance inside, potentially altering tissue temperatures which affect metabolism and growth. • Using an empirically validat ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04117.x
PubMed:
22448800

11. Modeling forest stand dynamics from optimal balances of carbon and nitrogen

Author:
Valentine, Harry T.; Mäkelä, Annikki
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 961-971
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
biomass; carbon; forest stands; growth models; leaves; nitrogen; nitrogen balance; nitrogen content; primary productivity; sapwood; system optimization; trees; wood; Finland
Abstract:
... • We formulate a dynamic evolutionary optimization problem to predict the optimal pattern by which carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are co‐allocated to fine‐root, leaf, and wood production, with the objective of maximizing height growth rate, year by year, in an even‐aged stand. • Height growth is maximized with respect to two adaptive traits, leaf N concentration and the ratio of fine‐root mass to sap ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04123.x
PubMed:
22463713

12. No evidence for an open vessel effect in centrifuge‐based vulnerability curves of a long‐vesselled liana (Vitis vinifera)

Author:
Jacobsen, Anna L.; Pratt, R. Brandon
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 982-990
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Vitis vinifera; hydraulic conductivity; rotors; stems; water potential; xylem
Abstract:
... • Vulnerability to cavitation curves are used to estimate xylem cavitation resistance and can be constructed using multiple techniques. It was recently suggested that a technique that relies on centrifugal force to generate negative xylem pressures may be susceptible to an open vessel artifact in long‐vesselled species. • Here, we used custom centrifuge rotors to measure different sample lengths o ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04118.x
PubMed:
22448870

13. Nutrient limitation on terrestrial plant growth – modeling the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus

Author:
Ågren, Göran I.; Wetterstedt, J. Å. Martin; Billberger, Magnus F. K.
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 953-960
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
plant growth; nitrogen; nutrient availability; nutrient uptake; growth models; ecosystems; nutrients; phosphorus
Abstract:
... • Growth of plants in terrestrial ecosystems is often limited by the availability of nitrogen (N) or phosphorous (P) Liebig’s law of the minimum states that the nutrient in least supply relative to the plant’s requirement will limit the plant’s growth. An alternative to the law of the minimum is the multiple limitation hypothesis (MLH) which states that plants adjust their growth patterns such tha ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04116.x
PubMed:
22458659

14. Out of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: evidence for the origin and dispersal of Eurasian temperate plants from a phylogeographic study of Hippophaë rhamnoides (Elaeagnaceae)

Author:
Jia, Dong‐Rui; Abbott, Richard J.; Liu, Teng‐Liang; Mao, Kang‐Shan; Bartish, Igor V.; Liu, Jian‐Quan
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 1123-1133
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Elaeagnaceae; center of origin; chloroplast DNA; internal transcribed spacers; introgression; phylogeny; plateaus; China
Abstract:
... • Numerous temperate plants now distributed across Eurasia are hypothesized to have originated and migrated from the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) and adjacent regions. However, this hypothesis has never been tested through a phylogeographic analysis of a widely distributed species. Here, we use Hippophaë rhamnoides as a model to test this hypothesis. • We collected 635 individuals from 63 populatio ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04115.x
PubMed:
22432741

15. Plant stoichiometry at different scales: element concentration patterns reflect environment more than genotype

Author:
Ågren, Göran I.; Weih, Martin
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 944-952
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Salix; biomass; genotype; leaves; stoichiometry
Abstract:
... • All plant species require at least 16 elements for their growth and survival but the relative requirements and the variability at different organizational scales is not well understood. • We use a fertiliser experiment with six willow (Salix spp.) genotypes to evaluate a methodology based on Euclidian distances for stoichiometric analysis of the variability in leaf nutrient relations of twelve o ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04114.x
PubMed:
22471439

16. Reciprocal transplants demonstrate strong adaptive differentiation of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana in its native range

Author:
Ågren, Jon; Schemske, Douglas W.
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 1112-1122
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; fecundity; freezing; fruits; genotype; seedlings; soil temperature; Italy; Sweden
Abstract:
... • To quantify adaptive differentiation in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we conducted reciprocal transplant experiments for five years between two European populations, one near the northern edge of the native range (Sweden) and one near the southern edge (Italy). • We planted seeds (years 1–3) and seedlings (years 4–5), and estimated fitness as the number of fruits produced per seed or see ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04112.x
PubMed:
22432639

17. Seasonal partitioning of growth into biomass and area expansion in a cephalolichen and a cyanolichen of the old forest genus Lobaria

Author:
Larsson, Per; Solhaug, Knut Asbjørn; Gauslaa, Yngvar
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 991-1000
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Lobaria; Pulmonaria; autumn; biomass; climate; climate change; lichens; old-growth forests; seasonal growth; seasonal variation; spring; summer; winter
Abstract:
... • Growth in two old forest lichens was studied to evaluate how temporal (seasonal) and spatial (aspect‐wise) partitioning of biomass and area growth respond to seasonal changes in light and climate. • We monitored relative growth rates during annual courses in the cephalolichen Lobaria pulmonaria and the cyanolichen Lobaria scrobiculata transplanted in boreal clear‐cut to five fixed aspects in win ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04130.x
PubMed:
22452484

18. Selection against hybrids in mixed populations of Brassica rapa and Brassica napus: model and synthesis

Author:
de Jong, Tom J.; Hesse, Elze
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 1134-1142
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Brassica napus var. napus; Brassica rapa; adults; backcrossing; chromosomes; germ cells; hybrids; introgression; models; oilseed crops; ovules; pollen; Netherlands; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... • Pollen of the crop oilseed rape (Brassica napus, AACC) can cross‐fertilize ovules of Brassica rapa (AA), which leads to an influx of unpaired C‐chromosomes into wild B. rapa populations. The presence of such extra chromosomes is thought to be an indicator of introgression. Backcrosses and F1 hybrids were found in Danish populations but, surprisingly, only F1 hybrids were found in the UK and the ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04122.x
PubMed:
22463678

19. Spatial patterns of soil pathogens in declining Mediterranean forests: implications for tree species regeneration

Author:
Gómez‐Aparicio, Lorena; Ibáñez, Beatriz; Serrano, María S.; De Vita, Paolo; Ávila, José M.; Pérez‐Ramos, Ignacio M.; García, Luis V.; Esperanza Sánchez, M.; Marañón, Teodoro
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 1014-1024
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Phytophthora cinnamomi; Pythium; Quercus; environmental impact; forest decline; forest soils; forests; geographical distribution; health status; pathogens; seedling emergence; seedlings; shrubs; soil texture; species diversity; trees
Abstract:
... • Soil‐borne pathogens are a key component of the belowground community because of the significance of their ecological and socio‐economic impacts. However, very little is known about the complexity of their distribution patterns in natural systems. Here, we explored the patterns, causes and ecological consequences of spatial variability in pathogen abundance in Mediterranean forests affected by o ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04108.x
PubMed:
22428751

20. SseF, a type III effector protein from the mammalian pathogen Salmonella enterica, requires resistance‐gene‐mediated signalling to activate cell death in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana

Author:
Üstün, Şuayib; Müller, Petra; Palmisano, Ralf; Hensel, Michael; Börnke, Frederik
Source:
The new phytologist 2012 v.194 no.4 pp. 1046-1060
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
immunity; cell death; alleles; phenotype; Capsicum annuum; bacteria; Agrobacterium radiobacter; Nicotiana benthamiana; Xanthomonas vesicatoria; hosts; pathogens; type III secretion system; leaves; mammals; immune system; microbial growth; pepper; virulence; hypersensitive response; Salmonella enterica
Abstract:
... • Type III effector proteins (T3Es) of many Gram‐negative pathogenic bacteria manipulate highly conserved cellular processes, indicating conservation in virulence mechanisms during the infection of hosts of divergent evolutionary origin. • In order to identify conserved effector functions, we used a cross‐kingdom approach in which we expressed selected T3Es from the mammalian pathogen Salmonella e ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04124.x
PubMed:
22471508