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1. "Aurora tropical": integrating the use of biostimulants in sustainable horticulture, the case for fruit extracts and chitosan in pepper seedling production

Author:
Ramírez-Guerrero, H.O.; Santana-Gudiño, Y.A.; Meza-Figueroa, C.A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2012 no.1009 pp. 101-104
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
biofortification; chitosan; citric acid; climate change; commercial horticulture; educational research; fruit extracts; growers; juices; leaves; mosses and liverworts; peat; pepper; seedling growth; seedling production; seedlings; solid wastes; surveys; sustainable agriculture; sweet peppers; tap water; toxicity; trays; vegetable growing; watermelons
Abstract:
... Despite recent reports indicating that tropical countries will suffer most from the negative impacts of climate change, including numerous educational and research campaigns, current surveys examining trends in good horticultural practices show that the majority of tropical vegetable growers are still using conventional production methods. In this experiment bell pepper seedlings were grown in tra ...

2. "Biomolchem": a tool to assess the defense status of grapevines after stimulations or not of cultivar or resistant genotypes, from genes to the field

Author:
Corio-Costet, M.F.; Dufour, M.C.; Cluzet, S.; Lambert, C.; Merdinoglu, D.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2012 no.1009 pp. 53-60
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Plasmopara viticola; Uncinula necator; Vitis; biosynthesis; cultivars; downy mildew; elicitors; field experimentation; gene overexpression; genes; genotype; high performance liquid chromatography; leaves; pathogens; pesticides; phosphonates; phytoalexins; resveratrol; tryptophan; vineyards
Abstract:
... Stimulating plant defenses or resistant plant varieties is promising as an alternative method for limiting pesticide use in agriculture. To assess the defense status of the grapevine we have developed a triple approach called “BioMolChem”. The biological tests measure the efficacy of grapevine defenses against two major biotrophic pathogens (Erysiphe necator, Plasmopara viticola). Molecular assays ...

3. "Cryptic" direct benefits of mate choice: choosy females experience reduced predation risk while in precopula

Author:
Rickey D. Cothran; Kristopher Chapman; Andy R. Stiff; Rick A. Relyea
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2012 v.66 no.6 pp. 905-913
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Amphipoda; Anisoptera (Odonata); biodiversity; biological production; evolution; fecundity; females; fish; males; predation; progeny; risk
Abstract:
... Despite the central role that female mate choice plays in the production of biological diversity, controversy remains concerning its evolution and maintenance. This is particularly true in systems where females are choosy but do not receive obvious direct benefits such as nuptial gifts that increase a female's survival and fecundity. In the absence of such direct benefits, indirect benefits (i.e., ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-012-1339-y

4. "Energy Sustainable Greenhouse" project: reduction of energy consumption and energy storage in aquifer

Author:
Grisey, A.; Brajeul, E.; Tisiot, R.; Rosso, L.; D'amaral, F.; Schueller, M.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2012 v. no.952 pp. 509-514
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
air conditioning; aquifers; energy; energy costs; fuels; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouses; growers; humidity; labor; prices; solar energy; viability
Abstract:
... In the current context of predicted shortage of fossil energies, fuel prices are rising drastically. Energy costs are the second largest item in the budget (from 25 to 40% of total costs) for French heated greenhouse growers, after labour. Their economic viability is threatened. Moreover, the increasing awareness of environmental preoccupations (greenhouse gas emissions for example) has to be cons ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.952.64

5. "In Want of Nourishment for to Keep Them Alive": Climate Fluctuations, Bison Scarcity, and the Smallpox Epidemic of 1780–82 on the Northern Great Plains

Author:
Adam R. Hodge
Source:
Environmental history 2012 v.17 no.2 pp. 365-403
ISSN:
1084-5453
Subject:
bison; climate; disease outbreaks; food shortages; grasslands; infectious diseases; migratory behavior; starvation; Great Plains region; Missouri
Abstract:
... Native American groups sustained appalling population losses when smallpox swept the northern Great Plains from 1780 to 1782. Although the epidemic struck the semisedentary villagers of the upper Missouri the hardest, it also ravaged migratory bison-hunting societies that were theoretically less prone to sustaining such heavy losses to Old World infectious diseases. This study asks why smallpox sp ...
DOI:
10.1093/envhis/emr153

6. "Secondary stem lengthening" in the palm Iriartea deltoidea (Arecaceae) provides an efficient and novel method for height growth in a tree form

Author:
Heidi J. Renninger; Nathan Phillips
Source:
American journal of botany 2012 v.99 no.4 pp. 607-613
ISSN:
0002-9122
Subject:
apical meristems; stem elongation; tree growth; Iriartea deltoidea; internodes; sieve elements; methodology; canopy gaps; vascular bundles
Abstract:
... • Premise of the study: Although traditionally assumed that all height growth in trees occurs at apical meristems, sequential measurement of internode lengths in the palm Iriartea deltoidea suggested that stems were lengthening long after the differentiation of tissues and far below the apical meristem. This observation is difficult to reconcile with the fact that neither the water-conducting vess ...
DOI:
10.3732/ajb.1100523
PubMed:
22434771

7. "Virtual fruit" a process-based model of fruit quality: concepts and usefulness

Author:
Génard, M.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2012 no.957 pp. -
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
algorithms; environmental factors; ethylene production; fruit quality; fruits; ideotypes; models; mutation; sugars; system optimization
Abstract:
... Fruit quality is a multi-criteria concept that is difficult to consider in modelling. It is clear that all the processes involved in the quality of fruits cannot be integrated in biological models. But some degree of complexity is needed to consider quality and the effect of environment. We are just beginning to investigate this complexity. The complexity comes from both regulations and interactio ...

8. #FramingTheArtofScience

Author:
Melissa A. C. Ingram
Source:
Science 2012 v.337 no.6096 pp. 801
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
data analysis; models
Abstract:
... In this collection of essays, Weissmann explores the web of connections linking science and culture. ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1225538

9. γδ-TCR+ CD2– lymphocytes are recruited into bovine mammary gland after stimulation

Author:
M. Faldyna; L. Leva; Z. Sladek; D. Rysanek; M. Toman
Source:
Veterinární medicína v.51 no.5 pp. 258-264
ISSN:
0375-8427
Subject:
dipeptides; flow cytometry; mammary glands; neutrophils
Abstract:
... γδ-T-Cell Receptor (TCR) lymphocytes were detected in mammary gland lavages collected from 10 clinically healthy virgin heifers before and after intramammary stimulation with synthetic muramyl dipeptide analogue. Using two-colour flow cytometry, CD2+ and CD2– subsets of γδ-TCR lymphocytes were analyzed. CD2+ γδ-TCR lymphocy ...
DOI:
10.17221/5545-vetmed

10.   A comparison of macro- and microelement concentrations in the whole grain of four Triticum species

Author:
E. Suchowilska; M. Wiwart; W. Kandler; R. Krska
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.3 pp. 141-147
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum; Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon; cultivars; discriminant analysis; soil; spring; wheat; whole grain foods
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of five macro- and fifteen microelements in the whole grain of spring lines of emmer, einkorn, spelt and two common wheat cultivars, all grown under identical environmental conditions. All elements were determined by ICP-SFMS analysis. The studied Triticum species differed significantly with respect to the concentrations of P, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, ...
DOI:
10.17221/688/2011-pse

11.   A new simple method for the enumeration of nitrifying bacteria in different environments

Author:
Kh. Elbanna; R.M. El-Shahawy; K.M. Atalla
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.1 pp. 49-53
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
ammonia; ammonium; animal manures; color; environment; methyl orange; most probable number technique; nitrification; nitrites; oxidants; oxidation; pH; phenolsulfonphthalein; rapid methods; sewage effluent; soil
Abstract:
... In this work, a simple, safe and rapid method for enumerating nitrifying bacteria was used as an alternative to traditional harmful chemical methods. The enumeration of nitrifying bacteria was based upon the change of color of the growth media containing pH indicators in response to acid production during nitrification. The oxidation of ammonia to strong acids by nitrifiers leads to pH decrease, w ...
DOI:
10.17221/412/2011-pse

12.   Agri-food exports in the enlarged European Union

Author:
A. Antimiani; A. Carbone; V. Costantini; R. Henke
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.8 pp. 354-366
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
European Union; exports; markets; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Poland; Romania
Abstract:
...   This paper explores the agri-food export dynamics in the New Member States and the Old Member States of the European Union during the enlargement process. The analysis relies on two different approaches based on the similarity and the sophistication indices of exported goods using a disaggregation at 95 items. The analysis shows that different and somehow divergent paths are in place. On th ...
DOI:
10.17221/145/2011-agricecon

13.   Agriculture under the conditions of globalisation focussed on the expansion of the EU

Author:
M. Vošta
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.4 pp. 165-171
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
Common Agricultural Policy; globalization; international trade; politics
Abstract:
...  Agriculture ensures the physical existence of the population and it creates a fund of basic foodstuffs. In addition, it produces non-food commodities as well as being a region forming and political element. It fulfils the function of an internal political stabilising factor and it is a requirement for an overall, balanced, development. The article puts into context: global agriculture; agric ...
DOI:
10.17221/141/2011-agricecon

14.   Agroenvironmental management system – a technique for increasing the natural value of agroecosystems

Author:
P. Marada; L. Křikava; K. Kutlvašr; P. Sláma
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.5 pp. 201-212
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
agricultural landscapes; agricultural policy; agroecosystems; biodiversity; farms; groundwater; management systems; soil fertility; Czech Republic
Abstract:
... Agriculture in the Czech Republic plays an important role in the degradation of individual components of the environment. Reduction of soil fertility, contamination of surface- and groundwater, reduction of biodiversity and damage caused by it are proven. The agrarian landscape does not provide the appropriate ecosystem functions. It is not attractive for life of the inhabitants of rural areas, an ...
DOI:
10.17221/38/2012-agricecon

15.   Annual dynamics of N2O emissions from a tea field in southern subtropical China

Author:
X.Q. Fu; Y. Li; W.J. Su; J.L. Shen; R.L. Xiao; C.L. Tong; J. Wu
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.8 pp. 373-378
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
air temperature; environment; gas chromatography; nitrogen content; nitrogen fertilizers; rice straw; soil minerals; soil water; tea; China
Abstract:
... The annual dynamics of N2O emissions from a tea field in southern subtropical China was observed in situ weekly in 2010 using a static closed chamber – gas chromatography (GC) method for three treatments: non-fertilised (CK), conventional (CON) and rice straw mulching (SM). The annual N2O emissions for CK, CON and SM were 7.1, 17.2 and 16.7 kg N/ha/year, respectively. T ...
DOI:
10.17221/719/2011-pse

16.   Antioxidative mechanisms on selenium accumulation in Pteris vittata L., a potential selenium phytoremediation plant

Author:
R.W. Feng; C.Y. Wei
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.3 pp. 105-110
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Pteris vittata; antioxidants; arsenic; ascorbate peroxidase; biomass; catalase; environment; enzyme activity; glutathione; glutathione-disulfide reductase; hyperaccumulators; malondialdehyde; peroxidase; phytoremediation; selenites; selenium; soil; superoxide dismutase; toxicity
Abstract:
... Selenium (Se) contamination due to industrial activities has received increasing concerns. Phytoremediation has been suggested to be an efficient and feasible way to remove Se from Se-contaminated environment. Recently, an arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. (Chinese Brake fern) was found to be a Se accumulator. This study was carried out to investigate Se accumulation mechanisms conce ...
DOI:
10.17221/162/2011-pse

17.   Arbuscular mycorrhizae improves photosynthesis and water status of Zea mays L. under drought stress

Author:
X.C. Zhu; F.B. Song; S.Q. Liu; T.D. Liu; X. Zhou
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.4 pp. 186-191
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Zea mays; chlorophyll; corn; environment; fluorescence; gas exchange; photochemistry; photosystem II; pot culture; sand; soil; stomatal conductance; toxicity; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae; water content; water stress; water use efficiency
Abstract:
... The influences of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus on growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence and water status of maize (Zea mays L.) plants were studied in pot culture under well-watered and drought stress conditions. The maize plants were grown in a sand and black soil mixture for 4 weeks, and then exposed to drought stress for 4 weeks. Drought stress signific ...
DOI:
10.17221/23/2011-pse

18.   Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with citrus orchards under different types of soil management, southern China

Author:
P. Wang; J.J. Zhang; B. Shu; R.X. Xia
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.7 pp. 302-308
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Acaulosporaceae; Citrus; Claroideoglomus etunicatum; Gigasporaceae; Glomus aggregatum; Pacisporaceae; community structure; dominant species; environment; herbicides; hyphae; no-tillage; orchards; oxen; pH; phosphorus; soil; soil organic matter; species richness; spores; straw; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae; China
Abstract:
... Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were studied in sod culture (SC), straw mulching (NM), and herbicide treated and no-tillage (NH) citrus orchards, respectively. The highest total colonization rate (39.47%) and hyphal length density (1.15 m/g soil) were found in SC, the highest spore numbers (1024 spores/100 g soil) in NM, while the lowest ones (31.50%, 0.94 m/g soil and 719 spores ...
DOI:
10.17221/676/2011-pse

19.   Assessment of single extraction methods for evaluating the immobilization effect of amendments on cadmium in contaminated acidic paddy soil

Author:
Q.H. Zhu; D.Y. Huang; S.L. Liu; Z.C. Luo; H.H. Zhu; B. Zhou; M. Lei; Z.X. Rao; X.L. Cao
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.2 pp. 98-103
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
cadmium; environment; paddy soils; phytoaccumulation; rice; soil amendments
Abstract:
... Various single extractants (EDTA, DTPA, CaCl2, NaNO3 and NH4NO3) and the first step of Community Bureau of Reference (BCR1) method were used to evaluate the immobilization of Cd in contaminated acidic paddy soil by different amendments. The extractability of Cd in amended soil changed in the following order: EDTA ≈ BCR1 > DTPA > NH4
DOI:
10.17221/358/2011-pse

20.   Biofuels: policies and impacts

Author:
K. Janda; L. Kristoufek; D. Zilberman
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.8 pp. 372-386
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
biofuels; economic sustainability; ethanol; fuel production; issues and policy; oils; sugarcane; time series analysis
Abstract:
... This paper provides a general overview of the technological, social, environmental, economical, and policy considerations related to biofuels. While the biofuel production and consumption exhibited significant increase over the first decade of the new millennium, this and further increases in biofuel production are driven primarily by government policies. Currently available first generation biofu ...
DOI:
10.17221/124/2011-agricecon

21.   Biological nitrogen fixation of Biserrula pelecinus L. under water deficit

Author:
C.S.L. Vicente; M.A. Pérez-Fernández; G. Pereira; M.M. Tavares-de-Sousa
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.8 pp. 360-366
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Biserrula pelecinus; Mesorhizobium ciceri; aboveground biomass; drought; environment; leaves; nitrogen content; nitrogen fixation; nodulation; root systems; soil; surface area; water stress
Abstract:
... The present work studied the effects of water deficiency conditions on the biological nitrogen fixation of three native rhizobia (SafPt12, SafPt6, and AjuPt16) isolated from Biserrula pelecinus L., and a reference strain Mesorhizobium ciceri biovar biserrulae. In terms of plant-water status, B. pelecinus showed typical signs of drought avoidance strategies such as reducing the aboveground developm ...
DOI:
10.17221/786/2011-pse

22.   Bioprotection against Gaeumannomyces graminis in barley a comparison between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Author:
V. Castellanos-Morales; R. Cárdenas-Navarro; J.M. García-Garrido; A. Illana; J.A. Ocampo; S. Steinkellner; H. Vierheilig
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.6 pp. 256-261
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis; Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici; Gigaspora; Glomus mosseae; Rhizophagus intraradices; barley; environment; pathogens; root diseases; soil; take-all disease; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae
Abstract:
... Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici causes take-all disease, the most important root disease of cereal plants. Cereal plants are able to form a symbiotic association with soil-borne arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which can provide bioprotection against soil-borne fungal pathogens. However, the bioprotective effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi against soil-borne fungal pathogens might vary. In th ...
DOI:
10.17221/622/2011-pse

23.   Calcium regulates K+/Na+ homeostasis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under saline conditions

Author:
G.Q. Wu; S.M. Wang
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.3 pp. 121-127
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Oryza sativa; absorption; calcium; cations; environment; homeostasis; rice; salinity; salt stress; soil
Abstract:
... To investigate the effects of Ca2+ on cation accumulation and K+/Na+ selectivity, in this study, two-week-old rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were exposed to 25 or 125 mmol/L NaCl with or without 10 mmol/L CaCl2. At low salinity (25 mmol/L NaCl), Ca2+ significantly decreased Na+ accumulation in roots, increased K+ accumulat ...
DOI:
10.17221/374/2011-pse

24.   Composites containing acetylated wheat B-starch for agriculture applications

Author:
E. Šárka; Z. Kruliš; J. Kotek; L. Růžek; K. Voříšek; J. Koláček; K. Hrušková; M. Růžková; O. Ekrt
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.8 pp. 354-359
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
acetylation; biodegradability; composts; environment; ethylene-vinyl acetate; image analysis; light microscopy; soil; starch; wheat
Abstract:
... Native and acetylated B-starch was used in biodegradable films after blending with either poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The following mechanical characteristics of prepared films were derived from the stress-strain curves: Young modulus, yield stress, stress-at-break and strain-at-break. Acetylation of starch molecules in the composites reduced the ...
DOI:
10.17221/287/2012-pse

25.   Compost and biogas residues as basic materials for potting substrates

Author:
T.C.V. Do; H.W. Scherer
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.10 pp. 459-464
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Lolium perenne; biogas; composts; environment; environmental impact; nutrient uptake; peat; perlite; plant growth; salt concentration; soil
Abstract:
... Recent concerns over the environmental impact of peat harvesting have led to restrictions on the production of peat based potting substrates. Therefore the objective of our study was to evaluate the use of compost and biogas residues without and each with 20% additives (Perlite, Styromull, Hygromull, Lecaton, Peat, Cocofiber) as a substitute for peat. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), chosen as an exp ...
DOI:
10.17221/445/2012-pse

26.   Consumers’ perceptions of food risk management quality: Chinese and Korean evaluations

Author:
R.B. Kim
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.1 pp. 10-20
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
consumer protection; food safety; issues and policy; models; risk; risk assessment; risk management; surveys; China; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Risks, including food risks, are found to be different between the perceptions of ‘experts’ and consumers, thus understanding the potential difference in the perceptions of the effective food risk management (FRM) between consumers and experts is important in developing effective FRM strategies. This information enables policy makers to integrate societal concerns and values into risk ...
DOI:
10.17221/178/2010-agricecon

27.   Copper release kinetics: Effect of two extractants and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere

Author:
H.R. Motaghian; A.R. Hosseinpur
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.10 pp. 471-476
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; citric acid; desorption; environment; greenhouse experimentation; rhizosphere; wheat
Abstract:
... The greenhouse experiment was performed to determine Cu release characteristics in the bulk and the rhizosphere of some calcareous soils using rhizobox. The kinetics of Cu release in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils were determined by successive extraction with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-triethanolamine (DTPA-TEA) and 10 mmol/L citric acid in a period of 1 to 504 h at 25 ± 1°C ...
DOI:
10.17221/365/2012-pse

28.   Development of agricultural trade and competitiveness of the commodity structures of individual countries of the Visegrad Group

Author:
M. Svatoš; L. Smutka
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.5 pp. 222-238
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
European Union; agricultural trade; markets; territoriality; Czech Republic; Hungary; Poland; Slovakia
Abstract:
... The paper analyzes the development of the value, commodity and territorial structure and competitiveness of agricultural trade of the countries of the Visegrad Group in 1993–2008. Over the years, there has been a sharp increase not only to the volume, but also to the value of the traded agricultural products. The territorial structure of both exports and imports has narrowed to a decisive ex ...
DOI:
10.17221/51/2011-agricecon

29.   Disparities in the utilisation of production factors in the agriculture of Slovakia and of the European Union

Author:
M. Grznár; Ľ. Szabo
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.2 pp. 49-55
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
European Union; agricultural productivity; business management; Slovakia
Abstract:
... The paper deals with the place of Slovak agriculture in the European Union and with the implementation of the strategy of the competitiveness growth of Slovak agrarian producers. The paper compares the disparities in the utilisation of production factors with the selected EU countries, identifies the causes of unfavourable position of Slovakia’s agriculture and also describes some impac ...
DOI:
10.17221/96/2011-agricecon

30.   Distribution of the increased tax burden for agricultural products and food  in the Czech Republic

Author:
P. David
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.5 pp. 239-248
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
fields; food industry; food prices; foods; market prices; planning; portion size; taxes; value added; Czech Republic
Abstract:
... The article determines the transfer rate of tax burden to the buyers of agricultural products and food consumer in the most recent major change in the reduced rates of value added tax in the Czech Republic in late 2007 and 2008. At the same time, it identifies the size of the portion of the increased tax burden which agricultural producers and sellers of food carry, after the increase in the reduc ...
DOI:
10.17221/58/2011-agricecon

31.   Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on phosphorus efficiency of wheat grown in an Inceptisol of subtropical India

Author:
A. Swarup; A.K. Patra; J.U. Chandrakala; K.M. Manjaiah
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.5 pp. 230-235
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Inceptisols; biomass production; carbon dioxide enrichment; decline; environment; grain yield; leaves; phosphorus; phosphorus fertilizers; temperature; wheat; India
Abstract:
... In a phytotron experiment, wheat was grown under two levels of atmospheric CO2 [ambient (385 ppm) vs. elevated (650 ppm)], two levels of temperature (ambient vs. ambient +3°C) superimposed with three levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization: 0, 100, and 200% of recommended dose. Various measures of P acquisition and utilization efficiency were estimated at crop maturity. In general, d ...
DOI:
10.17221/749/2011-pse

32.   Effect of fertilization on composition and spatial distribution of dissolved organic nitrogen in paddy soil microbial systems

Author:
H. Zhang; Z. Zhao; X. Yi; Y. Lu; L. Cao
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.3 pp. 128-134
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
bioavailability; dissolved organic nitrogen; environment; lysimeters; pH; paddy soils; soil solution
Abstract:
... Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has high bioavailability and is an important source of soil nutrients. In order to determine the concentrations and the composition of DON in different depths (0–30 cm), and provide a theoretical basis for further deep research into the paddy soil nitrogen supply, experiments based on the lysimeter method were carried out to investigate the effect of fertiliz ...
DOI:
10.17221/533/2011-pse

33.   Effect of legume-cereal mixtures on the diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere

Author:
Y.J. Qiao; Z.H. Li; X. Wang; B. Zhu; Y.G. Hu; Z.H. Zeng
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.4 pp. 174-180
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Bacteroidetes; Cyanobacteria; Myxococcales; Sphingomonas; Vicia sativa subsp. sativa; bacterial communities; ecosystems; environment; gel electrophoresis; oats; rhizosphere; soil; soil bacteria; species richness
Abstract:
... Aboveground plant diversity is known to influence belowground diversity and ecosystem processes. However, there is little knowledge of soil microbial succession in legume-grass mixtures. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the effect of oat and common vetch binary mixtures at three seeding rates on soil bacterial communities. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rDNA f ...
DOI:
10.17221/351/2011-pse

34.   Effect of veterinary oxytetracycline on functional diversity of soil microbial community

Author:
W. Liu; N. Pan; W. Chen; W. Jiao; M. Wang
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.7 pp. 295-301
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Trifolium repens; carbon; color; environment; functional diversity; greenhouse experimentation; oxytetracycline; soil; soil microorganisms; sugars; vegetation
Abstract:
... Effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the functional diversity of soil microbial community with or without vegetation were analyzed in a 7-week greenhouse pot experiment by use of Biolog-Eco plate. Results showed that along with the increase of OTC, average well color development (AWCD) values increased with the peak at 200 ppm OTC, and the utilization of sugar and its derivatives enhanced. The Shan ...
DOI:
10.17221/430/2011-pse

35.   Effects of exogenous proline and trehalose on physiological responses in rice seedlings during salt-stress and after recovery

Author:
N. Nounjan; P. Theerakulpisut
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.7 pp. 309-315
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
ascorbate peroxidase; catalase; cultivars; environment; hydrogen peroxide; osmotolerance; peroxidase; proline; rice; salt stress; salt tolerance; soil; superoxide dismutase; trehalose
Abstract:
... Two osmoprotectants (proline – Pro; trehalose – Tre) were exogenously supplied to seedlings of rice cvs. Pokkali (PK – salt-tolerant) and Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105 – salt-sensitive) to investigate their effects on plants exposed to 200 mmol/L NaCl for 6 days and 5 days after recovery from stress. The reduction of growth, increase in Na+ to K+ ratio, ...
DOI:
10.17221/762/2011-pse

36.   Effects of high concentrations of soil arsenic on the growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) and rape (Brassica napus)

Author:
Q. Liu; C. Zheng; C.X. Hu; Q. Tan; X.C. Sun; J.J. Su
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.1 pp. 22-27
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Brassica napus; Triticum aestivum; arsenic; bioavailability; environment; food production; leaves; phosphorus; soil; winter wheat; China
Abstract:
... Soil arsenic (As) levels are particularly high in parts of China, where wheat and rape are widely grown. Understanding the effects of As concentration on the growth of these two major crops is of significance for food production and security in China. A pot experiment was carried out to study the uptake of As and phosphorus (P), and the soil As bioavailability at different growth stages of wheat a ...
DOI:
10.17221/311/2011-pse

37.   Effects of homobrassinolide in barley callus culture

Author:
A. Temel; N. Gozukirmizi
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.10 pp. 441-445
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
DNA; DNA methylation; Hordeum vulgare; barley; callus; callus culture; environment; soil; superoxide dismutase; tissue culture
Abstract:
... Thirty-day-old barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Zafer-160) calli were treated with 0, 0.5, 1 µmol/L 22(S),23(S)-Homobrassinolide (HBL) for four weeks. Transfer of calli to hormone-free or HBL-supplemented medium caused an increase in total soluble protein and DNA contents and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1) activity. 0.5 µmol/L HBL caused the highest protein and D ...
DOI:
10.17221/305/2012-pse

38.   Effects of salt stress on ion balance and nitrogen metabolism in rice

Author:
H. Wang; Z. Wu; Y. Zhou; J. Han; D. Shi
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.2 pp. 62-67
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
environment; leaves; nitrogen metabolism; rice; salt stress; soil
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to test the effects of salt stress on nitrogen metabolism and ion balance in rice plants. The contents of inorganic ions, total amino acids, and NO3– in the stressed seedlings were then measured. The expressions of some critical genes involved in nitrogen metabolism were also assayed to test their roles in the regulation of nitrogen metabo ...
DOI:
10.17221/615/2011-pse

39.   Effects of straw mulching on water consumption characteristics and yield of different types of summer maize plants

Author:
J.Y. Shen; D.D. Zhao; H.F. Han; X.B. Zhou; Q.Q. Li
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.4 pp. 161-166
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Zea mays; corn; environment; evapotranspiration; grain yield; rainfed farming; soil water content; straw; summer; water use efficiency; China
Abstract:
... To develop rainfed agriculture in northern China, we conducted field experiments with three straw mulching rates (0, 6, and 12 t/ha) on two plant types (a compact type, Chaoshi1, and a flat type, Danyu86) during the summer maize-growing season in 2009 and 2010 to study soil moisture content, evapotranspiration, grain yield, and water-use efficiency (WUE). The results indicated that straw mulching ...
DOI:
10.17221/404/2011-pse

40.   Effects of tillage and residue management on soil microbial communities in North China

Author:
J.J. Wang; X.Y. Li; A.N. Zhu; X.K. Zhang; H.W. Zhang; W.J. Liang
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.1 pp. 28-33
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
agroecology; community structure; conventional tillage; correspondence analysis; environment; microbial carbon; microbial communities; no-tillage; phospholipid fatty acids; soil organic carbon; total nitrogen; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae; China
Abstract:
... The impacts of tillage system (conventional tillage and no-tillage) and residue management (0, 50, and 100%) on soil properties and soil microbial community structure were determined in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, North China. The microbial community structure was investigated by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. The results showed that tillage had significan ...
DOI:
10.17221/416/2011-pse

41.   Environment and weather influence on quality and market value of hops

Author:
V. Pavlovic; M. Pavlovic; A. Cerenak; I.J. Kosir; B. Ceh; C. Rozman; J. Turk; K. Pazek; K. Krofta; G. Gregoric
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.4 pp. 155-160
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
alpha acids; environment; market value; prediction; rain; relative humidity; soil; solar radiation; Slovenia
Abstract:
... The paper analyses the influence of four main weather parameters on alpha-acid contents for the main hop variety Aurora (Super Styrian Aurora) in Slovenian production for the time period 1994–2009. Through inspection of correlation coefficients, it tries to find specific times of the year when the weather conditions affect the alpha-acid content with a view to prediction in Slovenia. The mos ...
DOI:
10.17221/499/2011-pse

42.   Evaluating chemical extractants to estimate available potassium for pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in some calcareous soils

Author:
A.R. Hosseinpur; M. Zarenia
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.1 pp. 42-48
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Phaseolus vulgaris; ammonium; ammonium acetate; environment; plant response; potassium; potassium sulfate
Abstract:
... Evaluation of the nutrient status in soil is important for nutritional, environmental, and economical aspects. The objective of this study was to determine potassium (K) available to Pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in 15 soils from the Charmahal Va Bakhtyari province. The treatments included two K levels [0 and 200 mg K/kg as potassium sulfate (K2SO4)] and 15 soils in a fact ...
DOI:
10.17221/314/2011-pse

43.   Exogenous nitric oxide alleviates iron-deficiency chlorosis in peanut growing on calcareous soil

Author:
X.W. Zhang; Y.J. Dong; X.K. Qiu; G.Q. Hu; Y.H. Wang; Q.H. Wang
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.3 pp. 111-120
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Arachis hypogaea; antioxidants; calcareous soils; chlorophyll; chlorosis; environment; fluorescence; iron; leaves; malondialdehyde; nitric oxide; nitroprusside; oxidoreductases; peanuts; photochemistry; photosystem II; plant growth; protective effect; slow-release fertilizers
Abstract:
... Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, was added into controlled release fertilizer (CRF) or sprayed on leaves to supply NO on iron deficiency stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn) plants growing on calcareous soils. Iron deficiency reduced plant growth and chlorophyll content. NO improved plant growth and alleviated leaf interveinal chlorosis, and increased the activity of root ...
DOI:
10.17221/310/2011-pse

44.   Food crisis, food production and poverty

Author:
Š. Grófová; K. Srnec
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.3 pp. 119-126
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
energy; finance; food production; food security; hunger; nutrition; people; poverty; public policy; rural development; trade
Abstract:
... There is a sufficient global potential to produce the food required to feed the world population on the global level. Despite this, the number of hungry people worldwide was 925 million in 2010. Developing countries account for 98% of the world undernourished people and have a prevalence of undernourishment of 16%. Food security increasingly depends on non-agricultural factors like energy, trade a ...
DOI:
10.17221/91/2011-agricecon

45.   Fruit quality attributes of blackberry grown under limited environmental conditions

Author:
T. Milošević; N. Milošević; I. Glišić; J. Mladenović
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.7 pp. 322-327
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
acid soils; acidity; antioxidant activity; blackberries; climate; cultivars; flavonoids; fruit quality
Abstract:
... Fruit quality attributes were studied for two consecutive years in seven blackberry cultivars grown in a Serbian climate and on acidic soil. Physical parameters [berry weight (BW), size and shape] and chemical parameters [soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, total phenolic (TPH) and flavonoid content (TFC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] were evaluated. A high variability was found in the ...
DOI:
10.17221/33/2012-pse

46.   Globalisation – content, dynamics

Author:
V. Jeníček
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.3 pp. 127-134
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
economic development; globalization; international trade; people
Abstract:
... The notion of international relationships is supplemented by other phenomena during the last time. One of them is globalisation, called on by technological, social and cultural changes, which have shortened the economic distance among countries. The improvement of transport and communication technologies has decreased transport costs of goods, people and information. Traditional governmental polic ...
DOI:
10.17221/136/2011-agricecon

47.   Ground cover and leaf area index relationship in a grass, legume and crucifer crop

Author:
J. Ramirez-Garcia; P. Almendros; M. Quemada
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.8 pp. 385-390
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Brassica napus; Hordeum vulgare; Vicia sativa; barley; canopy; environment; grasses; leaf area index; legumes; photosynthetically active radiation; soil
Abstract:
... Canopy characterization is essential for describing the interaction of a crop with its environment. The goal of this work was to determine the relationship between leaf area index (LAI) and ground cover (GC) in a grass, a legume and a crucifer crop, and to assess the feasibility of using these relationships as well as LAI-2000 readings to estimate LAI. Twelve plots were sown with either barley (Ho ...
DOI:
10.17221/195/2012-pse

48.   Impact of beauvericin on membrane properties of young initial leaves of maize with different susceptibility to Fusarium

Author:
J. Pavlovkin; I. Mistríková; K. Jašková; L. Tamás
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.5 pp. 205-210
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Fusarium; bioactive properties; cell membranes; corn; cultivars; electrophysiology; environment; leaves; membrane permeability; metabolism; mitochondria; soil
Abstract:
... In the present study the impact of beauvericin (BEA) on the cell membrane properties and respiration of young initial leaves of maize were studied using two maize cultivars differing in their susceptibility to Fusarium sp. BEA significantly depolarized EM of leaf parenchymal cells and this depolarization showed time and dose dependency regardless on the sensitivity of maize cultivars to ...
DOI:
10.17221/432/2011-pse

49.   Impacts of the US Farm Bill 2008 on China’s agricultural production and rural poverty

Author:
H. Lin; T. Glauben; J. Yang; L.-Y. He
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.4 pp. 157-164
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
Farm Bill; farm income; models; rural poverty; China
Abstract:
... Whether the US Farm Bill 2008 has any impacts on China’s agriculture, is highly related to the China’s rural poverty alleviation and it deserves to be explored to see what will happen. According the existing empirical studies in the past, we expect that the US Farm Bill 2008 will exert an influence on the agricultural production and rural poverty in developing countries, especially Chi ...
DOI:
10.17221/122/2011-agricecon

50.   Integration policy in the agri-food chains: theory and empirical evidences

Author:
G. Martino; R. Panini; F. Morbidelli
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.9 pp. 409-424
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
governance; issues and policy; supply chain; supply chain management; Italy
Abstract:
... The paper considers the problem of the organizational adaptation of the supply chain in the face of the emerging inducement to integration. We focus on the policy intervention aimed at achieving a closer coordination among the chain agents and consider the relation between the policy and the spontaneous processes undertaken by the agents. A framework based on four dimensions (state of alignment, e ...
DOI:
10.17221/80/2011-agricecon