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You searched for: Subject "disasters" Remove constraint Subject: "disasters" Publication Year 2012 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2012 Text Availability Full Text Remove constraint Text Availability: Full Text
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1. Selectively altering belief formation in the human brain

Author:
Sharot, Tali; Kanai, Ryota; Marston, David; Korn, Christoph W.; Rees, Geraint; Dolan, Raymond J.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.42 pp. 17058-17062
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
disasters,   etc   ; brain; bubbles; humans; markets; people;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Humans form beliefs asymmetrically; we tend to discount bad news but embrace good news. This reduced impact of unfavorable information on belief updating may have important societal implications, including the generation of financial market bubbles, ill preparedness in the face of natural disasters, and overly aggressive medical decisions. Here, we selectively improved people’s tendency to incorpo ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1205828109
PubMed:
23011798
PubMed Central:
PMC3479523

2. Volcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards

Author:
Lowe, John; Barton, Nick; Blockley, Simon; Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Cullen, Victoria L.; Davies, William; Gamble, Clive; Grant, Katharine; Hardiman, Mark; Housley, Rupert; Lane, Christine S.; Lee, Sharen; Lewis, Mark; MacLeod, Alison; Menzies, Martin; Müller, Wolfgang; Pollard, Mark; Price, Catherine; Roberts, Andrew P.; Rohling, Eelco J.; Satow, Chris; Smith, Victoria C.; Stringer, Chris B.; Tomlinson, Emma L.; White, Dustin; Albert, Paul; Arienzo, Ilenia; Barker, Graeme; Borić, Dušan; Carandente, Antonio; Civetta, Lucia; Ferrier, Catherine; Guadelli, Jean-Luc; Karkanas, Panagiotis; Koumouzelis, Margarita; Müller, Ulrich C.; Orsi, Giovanni; Pross, Jörg; Rosi, Mauro; Shalamanov-Korobar, Ljiljiana; Sirakov, Nikolay; Tzedakis, Polychronis C.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.34 pp. 13532-13537
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
disasters,   etc   ; global cooling; humans; volcanic ash; Europe;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Marked changes in human dispersal and development during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition have been attributed to massive volcanic eruption and/or severe climatic deterioration. We test this concept using records of volcanic ash layers of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption dated to ca. 40,000 y ago (40 ka B.P.). The distribution of the Campanian Ignimbrite has been enhanced by the discove ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1204579109
PubMed:
22826222
PubMed Central:
PMC3427068

3. Global risk of big earthquakes has not recently increased

Author:
Shearer, Peter M.; Stark, Philip B.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.3 pp. 717-721
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
disasters,   etc   ; earthquakes; risk; space and time;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The recent elevated rate of large earthquakes has fueled concern that the underlying global rate of earthquake activity has increased, which would have important implications for assessments of seismic hazard and our understanding of how faults interact. We examine the timing of large (magnitude M≥7) earthquakes from 1900 to the present, after removing local clustering related to aftershocks. Th ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1118525109
PubMed:
22184228
PubMed Central:
PMC3271898

4. Predictability of population displacement after the 2010 Haiti earthquake

Author:
Lu, Xin; Bengtsson, Linus; Holme, Petter
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.29 pp. 11576-11581
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
disasters,   etc   ; earthquakes; people; prediction; social cohesion; travel; Haiti;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Most severe disasters cause large population movements. These movements make it difficult for relief organizations to efficiently reach people in need. Understanding and predicting the locations of affected people during disasters is key to effective humanitarian relief operations and to long-term societal reconstruction. We collaborated with the largest mobile phone operator in Haiti (Digicel) an ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1203882109
PubMed:
22711804
PubMed Central:
PMC3406871

5. Impact of Xynthia Tempest on Viral Contamination of Shellfish

Author:
Grodzki, Marco; Ollivier, Joanna; Le Saux, Jean-Claude; Piquet, Jean-Côme; Noyer, Mathilde; Le Guyader, Françoise S.
Source:
Applied and environmental microbiology 2012 v.78 no.9 pp. 3508-3511
ISSN:
0099-2240
Subject:
disasters,   etc   ; farms; hurricanes; mussels; oysters; sewage treatment; shellfish; wind;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Viral contamination in oyster and mussel samples was evaluated after a massive storm with hurricane wind named "Xynthia tempest" destroyed a number of sewage treatment plants in an area harboring many shellfish farms. Although up to 90% of samples were found to be contaminated 2 days after the disaster, detected viral concentrations were low. A 1-month follow-up showed a rapid decrease in the numb ...
DOI:
10.1128/AEM.07604-11
PubMed:
22344664
PubMed Central:
PMC3346494

6. Natural disasters and population mobility in Bangladesh

Author:
Gray, Clark L.; Mueller, Valerie
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.16 pp. 6000-6005
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
disasters,   etc   ; climate change; households; humans; models; surveys; women; Bangladesh;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The consequences of environmental change for human migration have gained increasing attention in the context of climate change and recent large-scale natural disasters, but as yet relatively few large-scale and quantitative studies have addressed this issue. We investigate the consequences of climate-related natural disasters for long-term population mobility in rural Bangladesh, a region particul ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1115944109
PubMed:
22474361
PubMed Central:
PMC3341015

7. Gender, social norms, and survival in maritime disasters

Author:
Elinder, Mikael; Erixson, Oscar
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.33 pp. 13220-13224
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
disasters,   etc   ; children; databases; gender; human behavior; men; social behavior; social impact; survival rate; women;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Since the sinking of the Titanic , there has been a widespread belief that the social norm of “women and children first” (WCF) gives women a survival advantage over men in maritime disasters, and that captains and crew members give priority to passengers. We analyze a database of 18 maritime disasters spanning three centuries, covering the fate of over 15,000 individuals of more than 30 nationalit ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1207156109
PubMed:
22847426
PubMed Central:
PMC3421183

8. Forecasting sudden changes in environmental pollution patterns

Author:
Olascoaga, María J.; Haller, George
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.13 pp. 4738-4743
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
disasters,   etc   ; air; atmosphere; ecosystems; mixing; oil spills; pollution; prediction; society; Gulf of Mexico;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The lack of reliable forecasts for the spread of oceanic and atmospheric contamination hinders the effective protection of the ecosystem, society, and the economy from the fallouts of environmental disasters. The consequences can be dire, as evidenced by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. We present a methodology to predict major short-term changes in environmental cont ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1118574109
PubMed:
22411824
PubMed Central:
PMC3323984

9. The Vibrio cholerae Mannitol Transporter Is Regulated Posttranscriptionally by the MtlS Small Regulatory RNA

Author:
Mustachio, Lisa Maria; Aksit, Selime; Mistry, Ronak H.; Scheffler, Robert; Yamada, Akikuni; Liu, Jane M.
Source:
Journal of bacteriology 2012 v.194 no.3 pp. 598-606
ISSN:
0021-9193
Subject:
disasters,   etc   ; 5' untranslated regions; Vibrio cholerae; binding sites; carbon; gene expression; humans; mannitol; microbial growth; models; operon; pathogens; protein synthesis; ribosomes; small intestine; transcription (genetics); transporters;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... Vibrio cholerae continues to pose a health threat in many developing nations and regions of the world struck by natural disasters. It is a pathogen that rapidly adapts to aquatic environments and the human small intestine. Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) may contribute to this adaptability. Specifically, the mannitol operon sRNA (MtlS sRNA; previously designated the IGR7 sRNA) is transcribed antisen ...
DOI:
10.1128/JB.06153-11
PubMed:
22101846
PubMed Central:
PMC3264093