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1. Exploring anthropogenic and natural processes shaping fern species richness along elevational gradients

Author:
Marini, Lorenzo; Bona, Enzo; Kunin, William E.; Gaston, Kevin J.
Source:
Journal of biogeography 2011 v.38 no.1 pp. 78-88
ISSN:
0305-0270
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; climate; deforestation; ferns and fern allies; habitats; land use; lowlands; population dynamics; roughness; species diversity; temperature; Alps region; Italy
Abstract:
... Aim (1) To explore the impact of land use, climate and environmental heterogeneity on fern species richness along a complete elevational gradient, and (2) to evaluate the relative importance of the three groups of variables within different elevational intervals. Location A temperate mountain region (55,507 km²) of Italy on the southern border of the European Alps divided into a regular grid of 14 ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02376.x

2. Fire history and vegetation recovery in two raised bogs at the Baltic Sea

Author:
Sillasoo, Ülle; Väliranta, Minna; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina
Source:
Journal of vegetation science 2011 v.22 no.6 pp. 1084-1093
ISSN:
1100-9233
Subject:
Calluna vulgaris; Sphagnum; anthropogenic activities; bogs; botanical composition; charcoal; climate; combustion; fires; hydrology; peatlands; plant communities; radiocarbon dating; vegetation; Baltic Sea; Estonia; Finland
Abstract:
... Questions: What were the bog fire patterns and frequencies in two boreal peatlands during the last 5000 years? What is the nature and time-scale of post-fire vegetation successions? Were fire events related to climate? Location: Männikjärve bog, central east Estonia; Kontolanrahka bog, southwest Finland. Methods: Macroscopic charcoal, plant macrofossils and radiocarbon dating were examined. Redund ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01307.x

3. Impact of climate change and human-mediated introgression on southern European Atlantic salmon populations

Author:
HORREO, J.L.; MACHADO-SCHIAFFINO, G.; AYLLON, F.; GRIFFITHS, A.M.; BRIGHT, D.; STEVENS, J.R.; GARCIA-VAZQUEZ, E.
Source:
Global change biology 2011 v.17 no.5 pp. 1778-1787
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
Salmo salar; adults; anthropogenic activities; climate; climate change; fisheries management; gene flow; genes; genetic variation; introgression; microsatellite repeats; rivers; salmon; temperature; temporal variation; Spain
Abstract:
... This study focuses on temporal changes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations from the vulnerable periphery of the species range (northern Spain). Using microsatellite markers to assess population structuring and introgression of exogenous genes in four different temporal samples collected across 20 years, we have determined the relative weights of climate and stocking practices in shaping c ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02350.x

4. Observed climate change in Australian marine and freshwater environments

Author:
Lough, Janice M.; Hobday, Alistair J.
Source:
Marine & freshwater research 2011 v.62 no.9 pp. 984-999
ISSN:
1323-1650
Subject:
acidity; air temperature; anthropogenic activities; carbon dioxide; climate; climate change; drought; ecosystems; energy; environmental monitoring; greenhouse gases; ice; marine environment; melting; oceans; rain; rivers; sea level; thermal expansion; winter; Western Australia
Abstract:
... The consequences of human activities increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases are already being felt in marine and terrestrial environments. More energy has been trapped in the global climate system, resulting in warming of land and sea temperatures. About 30% of the extra atmospheric carbon dioxide has been absorbed by the oceans, increasing their acidity. Thermal expansion and s ...
DOI:
10.1071/MF10272

5. Scale Expansion of Community Investigations and Integration of the Effects of Abiotic and Biotic Processes on Maintenance of Species Diversity

Author:
Wang, Zhenhong; Zhang, Ming; Yu, Junfeng; Jiang, Ruicong; Yin, Xiaolu; Yu, Dan
Source:
International journal of ecology 2011 v.2011 no.596508 pp. 10
ISSN:
1687-9708
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; climate; models; quantitative analysis; species diversity; China
Abstract:
... Information on the maintenance of diversity patterns from regional to local scales is dispersed among academic fields due to the local focus of community ecology. To better understand these patterns, the study of ecological communities needs to be expanded to larger scales and the various processes affecting them need to be integrated using a suitable quantitative method. We determined a range of ...
DOI:
10.1155/2011/596508

6. Species distribution models as a tool for forest management planning under climate change: risk evaluation of Abies alba in Bavaria

Author:
Falk, Wolfgang; Mellert, Karl H.
Source:
Journal of vegetation science 2011 v.22 no.4 pp. 621-634
ISSN:
1100-9233
Subject:
Abies alba; anthropogenic activities; biogeography; climate; climate change; data collection; expert opinion; forest inventory; forest management; models; planning; prediction; risk; risk assessment; soil; soil map; solar radiation; trees; uncertainty; vegetation; Germany
Abstract:
... Questions: How can SDMs be adopted as a tool for forest management planning? Based on presence-absence data, which modelling techniques are appropriate to determine species potential distribution for forest management planning under climate change? Do species distribution models (SDMs) agree with expert knowledge about species distribution and species traits? How can forest researcher deal with di ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01294.x

7. Analysis of a regional change in the sign of the SAM-temperature relationship in Antarctica

Author:
Marshall, Gareth J.; Di Battista, Stefano; Naik, Sushant S.; Thamban, Meloth
Source:
Climate dynamics 2011 v.36 no.1-2 pp. 277-287
ISSN:
0930-7575
Subject:
air; anthropogenic activities; atmospheric circulation; climate; ice; isotopes; temperature; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... This study examines regional atmospheric circulation changes associated with a reversal in the sign of the relationship between the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and near-surface temperatures at Halley station, East Antarctica, during the 1980s. We show that the key factor affecting the regional SAM-temperature relationship (STR) is the relative magnitude of two climatological low pressure centres t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00382-009-0682-9

8. Biofuels, greenhouse gases and climate change. A review

Author:
Bessou, Cécile; Ferchaud, Fabien; Gabrielle, Benoît; Mary, Bruno
Source:
Agronomy for sustainable development 2011 v.31 no.1 pp. 1-79
ISSN:
1773-0155
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; biodiesel; biogas; biomass; carbon dioxide; climate; combustion; cost effectiveness; crops; decision making; emissions factor; energy efficiency; environmental impact; ethanol; farming systems; feedstocks; fossil fuels; global warming; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; lignocellulose; markets; models; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; photosynthesis; pollution; population growth; production technology; soil management; transportation
Abstract:
... Biofuels are fuels produced from biomass, mostly in liquid form, within a time frame sufficiently short to consider that their feedstock (biomass) can be renewed, contrarily to fossil fuels. This paper reviews the current and future biofuel technologies, and their development impacts (including on the climate) within given policy and economic frameworks. Current technologies make it possible to pr ...
DOI:
10.1051/agro/2009039

9. Dynamics of Dissolved Forms of Carbon and Inorganic Nitrogen in Small Watersheds of the Coastal Atlantic Forest in Southeast Brazil

Author:
Andrade, Tatiana M. B.; Camargo, Plínio B.; Silva, Daniela M. L.; Piccolo, Marisa C.; Vieira, Simone A.; Alves, Luciana F.; Joly, Carlos A.; Martinelli, Luiz A.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 2011 v.214 no.1-4 pp. 393-408
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; atmospheric deposition; biogeochemistry; carbon; carbon dioxide; climate; coastal forests; dissolved inorganic nitrogen; dissolved oxygen; forested watersheds; gas production (biological); ions; land cover; landscapes; nitrogen; rain; sewage; soil types; streams; urban areas; water quality; Atlantic Ocean; Brazil
Abstract:
... Based on the fact that streamwater quality reflects landscape conditions, the objectives of this study were: to investigate nitrogen (N), carbon (C), and major ion concentrations in six streams crossing minimally disturbed Atlantic Forest areas, with similar geomorphological characteristics; to determine N and C fluxes in one of these pristine streams (Indaiá); and assess the impact of human activ ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11270-010-0431-z

10. Long‐term shifts in abundance and distribution of a temperate fish fauna: a response to climate change and fishing practices

Author:
Last, Peter R.; White, William T.; Gledhill, Daniel C.; Hobday, Alistair J.; Brown, Rebecca; Edgar, Graham J.; Pecl, Gretta
Source:
Global ecology and biogeography 2011 v.20 no.1 pp. 58-72
ISSN:
1466-822X
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; climate; climate change; fauna; fish; habitat destruction; marine environment; reefs; sport fishing; surveys; New Zealand; Tasmania
Abstract:
... Aim South‐eastern Australia is a climate change hotspot with well‐documented recent changes in its physical marine environment. The impact on and temporal responses of the biota to change are less well understood, but appear to be due to influences of climate, as well as the non‐climate related past and continuing human impacts. We attempt to resolve the agents of change by examining major tempora ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00575.x

11. Multi‐decadal responses of a cod (Gadus morhua) population to human‐induced trophic changes, fishing, and climate

Author:
Eero, Margit; MacKenzie, Brian R.; Köster, Friedrich W.; Gislason, Henrik
Source:
Ecological applications 2011 v.21 no.1 pp. 214-226
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
Gadus morhua; anthropogenic activities; biomass; climate; eutrophication; fish communities; fisheries; humans; marine ecosystems; marine mammals; nutrient availability; population dynamics; predation; synergism; Baltic Sea
Abstract:
... Understanding how human impacts have interacted with natural variability to affect populations and ecosystems is required for sustainable management and conservation. The Baltic Sea is one of the few large marine ecosystems worldwide where the relative contribution of several key forcings to changes in fish populations can be analyzed with empirical data. In this study we investigate how climate v ...
DOI:
10.1890/09-1879.1

12. Nitrogen retention versus methane emission: Environmental benefits and risks of large-scale wetland creation

Author:
Thiere, Geraldine; Stadmark, Johanna; Weisner, Stefan E.B.
Source:
Ecological engineering 2011 v.37 no.1 pp. 6-15
ISSN:
0925-8574
Subject:
agricultural land; agricultural soils; anthropogenic activities; aquatic plants; climate; denitrification; ecosystem engineering; ecosystem services; eutrophication; farming systems; gas emissions; methane; methane production; models; nitrates; nitrogen; pollution load; risk; spatial variation; surveys; vegetation cover; water temperature; wetlands; Sweden
Abstract:
... Coastal eutrophication by nutrient fluxes from agricultural land to marine recipients is presently combated by measures such as the implementation of watershed-scale wetland creation programs aimed at nitrogen removal. Such created agricultural wetlands – termed ‘nitrogen farming wetlands’ (NFWs) – receive nitrogen (N) loads predominantly as nitrate, facilitating N removal by denitrification. Howe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.02.002

13. The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human‐induced global land‐use change over the past 12,000 years

Author:
Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Beusen, Arthur; Van Drecht, Gerard; De Vos, Martine
Source:
Global ecology and biogeography 2011 v.20 no.1 pp. 73-86
ISSN:
1466-822X
Subject:
land use change; humans; climate; pastures; uncertainty; climate change; arable soils; longitude; latitude; satellites; anthropogenic activities; human population; agricultural history; population dynamics; algorithms; databases; biogeochemical cycles; Europe
Abstract:
... Aim This paper presents a tool for long‐term global change studies; it is an update of the History Database of the Global Environment (HYDE) with estimates of some of the underlying demographic and agricultural driving factors. Methods Historical population, cropland and pasture statistics are combined with satellite information and specific allocation algorithms (which change over time) to create ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00587.x

14. Holocene vegetation and climate in Northeast China revealed from Jingbo Lake sediment

Author:
Li, Chunhai; Wu, Yanhong; Hou, Xinhua
Source:
Quaternary international 2011 v.229 no.1-2 pp. 67-73
ISSN:
1040-6182
Subject:
Artemisia; Betula; Fraxinus; Lamiaceae; Pinus; Quercus; Scrophulariaceae; anthropogenic activities; carbon; climate; climate change; deciduous forests; herbs; lakes; mixed forests; monsoon season; oxygen; pollen; radiocarbon dating; sediments; summer; temperature; trees; China
Abstract:
... Vegetation and climate changes in Northeast China during the Late Quaternary are poorly known. Pollen analyses were undertaken on a 890-cm-long lacustrine sediment core recovered from Jingbo Lake, located in Southeastern Heilongjiang Province, China. Based on ¹⁴C dating, the pollen record provides a basis for the reconstruction of vegetation and climatic changes since 9600 cal. BP in NE China. Pri ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.quaint.2009.12.015

15. Unravelling Late Pleistocene and Holocene landscape dynamics: The Upper Guadalentín Basin, SE Spain

Author:
Baartman, J.E.M.; Veldkamp, A.; Schoorl, J.M.; Wallinga, J.; Cammeraat, L.H.
Source:
Geomorphology 2011 v.125 no.1 pp. 172-185
ISSN:
0169-555X
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; basins; climate; climate change; correlation; floodplains; humans; lakes; landscapes; models; rivers; sediments; tectonics; terraces; valleys; Spain
Abstract:
... Landscapes in SE Spain have developed in response to tectonics, climate fluctuations and, more recently, human activity. Fluvial and colluvial sediments such as river terraces and slope deposits found in the valleys reflect a complex interplay between landscape forming processes. Investigating these sediment archives, we reconstructed landscape evolution for the Upper Guadalentín Basin, SE Spain, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.09.013

16. Climatic, vegetation and cultural change in the eastern Mediterranean during the mid-Holocene environmental transition

Author:
Roberts, Neil; Eastwood, Warren J.; Kuzucuoğlu, Catherine; Fiorentino, Girolamo; Caracuta, Valentina
Source:
TheHolocene 2011 v.21 no.1 pp. 147-162
ISSN:
0959-6836
Subject:
Holocene epoch; anthropogenic activities; archaeobotany; carbon; climate; humans; lakes; land cover; landscapes; marine sediments; pollen analysis; radionuclides; stable isotopes; vegetation; Mediterranean region; Syria
Abstract:
... The eastern Mediterranean region witnessed changes in human culture of the highest importance between ~9000 and ~2500 cal. BP (7000—500 BC) and over the same time period was affected by very significant shifts in climate. Stable isotope data from lake and deep-sea sediment cores and from cave speleothems show an overall trend from a wetter to a drier climate during the mid Holocene. Superimposed o ...
DOI:
10.1177/0959683610386819

17. Mediterranean and north-African cultural adaptations to mid-Holocene environmental and climatic changes

Author:
Mercuri, Anna Maria; Sadori, Laura; Uzquiano Ollero, Paloma
Source:
TheHolocene 2011 v.21 no.1 pp. 189-206
ISSN:
0959-6836
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; archaeobotany; case studies; charcoal; climate; climate change; dry environmental conditions; drying; humans; mountains; overgrazing; pollen; Italy; Libya; Spain; Turkey (country)
Abstract:
... In Mediterranean and north-African regions, cultural trajectories have shown trends sometimes coincident with climatic changes. The mid Holocene was a period of intense changes in climate, and in environmental and cultural systems. This paper reports pollen and charcoal studies from these areas aiming at presenting how impressive cultural changes frequently coincided with critical climate oscillat ...
DOI:
10.1177/0959683610377532

18. 2500 Years of European Climate Variability and Human Susceptibility

Author:
Büntgen, Ulf; Tegel, Willy; Nicolussi, Kurt; McCormick, Michael; Frank, David; Trouet, Valerie; Kaplan, Jed O.; Herzig, Franz; Heussner, Karl-Uwe; Wanner, Heinz; Luterbacher, Jürg; Esper, Jan
Source:
Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 578-582
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; climate; climate change; humans; politics; risk; summer; temperature
Abstract:
... Climate variations influenced the agricultural productivity, health risk, and conflict level of preindustrial societies. Discrimination between environmental and anthropogenic impacts on past civilizations, however, remains difficult because of the paucity of high-resolution paleoclimatic evidence. We present tree ring-based reconstructions of central European summer precipitation and temperature ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1197175

19. Property rights and liability for deforestation under REDD+: Implications for ‘permanence’ in policy design

Author:
Palmer, Charles
Source:
Ecological economics 2011 v.70 no.4 pp. 571-576
ISSN:
0921-8009
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; carbon; climate; climate change; deforestation; emissions; forests; income; issues and policy; property rights; risk; uncertainty
Abstract:
... Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) is critical in efforts to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic climate change. Despite uncertainty about the exact form of a future, international REDD+ system, REDD+ carbon property rights would need to be created and allocated with liability assigned for the potential loss of climate benefits in the event of carbon reversal fr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.10.011

20. Deconstructing the mammal species richness pattern in Europe - towards an understanding of the relative importance of climate, biogeographic history, habitat heterogeneity and humans

Author:
Fløjgaard, Camilla; Normand, Signe; Skov, Flemming; Svenning, Jens-Christian
Source:
Global ecology and biogeography 2011 v.20 no.2 pp. 218-230
ISSN:
1466-822X
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; climate; humans; indigenous species; models; refuge habitats; species diversity; wild animals; wildlife habitats; zoogeography; Asia; Europe
Abstract:
... Aim We deconstructed the mammal species richness pattern in Europe to assess the importance of large-scale gradients in current macroclimate relative to biogeographic history, habitat heterogeneity and human influence (HHH variables) as richness determinants for total species, and for widespread and endemic species separately. Location Europe, west of 30° E. Methods We deconstructed total species ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00604.x